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Yi C, Lu L, Li Z, Guo Q, Ou L, Wang R, Tian X. Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles for microRNA delivery in cancer treatment. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01621-x. [PMID: 38758499 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) are natural nanocarriers and effective delivery systems for plant microRNAs (miRNAs). These PELN-carrying plant miRNAs can regulate mammalian genes across species, thereby increasing the diversity of miRNAs in mammals and exerting multi-target effects that play a crucial role in diseases, particularly cancer. PELNs demonstrate exceptional stability, biocompatibility, and targeting capabilities that protect and facilitate the up-take and cross-kingdom communication of plant miRNAs in mammals. Primarily ingested and absorbed within the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, PELNs preferentially act on the intestine to regulate intestinal homeostasis through functional miRNA activity. The oncogenesis and progression of cancer are closely associated with disruptions in intestinal barriers, ecological imbalances, as well as secondary changes, such as abnormal inflammatory reactions caused by them. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate whether PELNs exert their anticancer effects by regulating mammalian intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. This review aims to elucidate the intrinsic crosstalk relationships and mechanisms of PELNs-mediated miRNAs in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, regulating inflammation and cancer treatment. Furthermore, serving as exceptional drug delivery systems for miRNAs molecules, PELNs offer broad prospects for future applications, including new drug research and development along with drug carrier selection within targeted drug delivery approaches for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Yi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Linzhu Lu
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhaosheng Li
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Longyun Ou
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Department of Liver Diseases, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 95 Shaoshan Rd, Hunan, 410208, Changsha, China.
| | - Xuefei Tian
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 300 Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, 410208, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
- Hunan Province University Key Laboratory of Oncology of Tradional Chinese Medicine, 410208, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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2
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Zheng D, Wei Z, Zhang C, Liu W, Gong C, Wu F, Guo W. ZNF692 promotes osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through TNK2-mediated activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. Biol Direct 2024; 19:28. [PMID: 38650011 PMCID: PMC11034355 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteosarcoma is a diverse and aggressive bone tumor. Driver genes regulating osteosarcoma initiation and progression remains incompletely defined. Zinc finger protein 692 (ZNF692), a kind of Krüppel C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor, exhibited abnormal expression in different types of malignancies and showed a correlation with the clinical prognosis of patients as well as the aggressive characteristics of cancer cells. Nevertheless, its specific role in osteosarcoma is still not well understood. METHODS We investigated the dysregulation and clinical significance of ZNF692 in osteosarcoma through bioinformatic method and experimental validation. A range of in vitro assays, including CCK-8, colony formation, EdU incorporation, wound healing, and transwell invasion tests, were conducted to assess the impact of ZNF692 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in osteosarcoma. A xenograft mouse model was established to evaluate the effect of ZNF692 on tumor growth in vivo. Western blot assay was used to measure the protein levels of MEK1/2, P-MEK1/2, ERK1/2, and P-ERK1/2 in cells that had been genetically modified to either reduce or increase the expression of ZNF692. The relationship between ZNF692 and tyrosine kinase non-receptor 2 (TNK2) were validated by qRT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS Expression of ZNF692 was increased in both human osteosarcoma tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, the expression of ZNF692 served as an independent predictive biomarker in osteosarcoma. The results of the survival analysis indicated that increased expression of ZNF692 was associated with worse outcome. Downregulation of ZNF692 inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, whereas upregulation of ZNF692 has the opposite impact. Western blot assay indicates that reducing ZNF692 decreases phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2, whereas increasing ZNF692 expression enhances their phosphorylation. U0126, a potent inhibitor specifically targeting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, partially counteracts the impact of ZNF692 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. In addition, ZNF692 specifically interacts with the promoter region of TNK2 and stimulates the transcription of TNK2 in osteosarcoma cells. Forcing the expression of TNK2 weakens the inhibitory impact of ZNF692 knockdown on P-MEK1/2 and P-ERK1/2. Similarly, partly inhibiting TNK2 counteracts the enhancing impact of ZNF692 overexpression on the phosphorylation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. Functional tests demonstrate that the suppressive effects of ZNF692 knockdown on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion are greatly reduced when TNK2 is overexpressed. In contrast, the reduction of TNK2 hinders the ability of ZNF692 overexpression to enhance cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. CONCLUSION ZNF692 promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells via the TNK2-dependent stimulation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. The ZNF692-TNK2 axis might potentially function as a possible predictive biomarker and a promising target for novel therapeutics in osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhun Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenda Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Changtian Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, China.
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Chehelgerdi M, Chehelgerdi M, Khorramian-Ghahfarokhi M, Shafieizadeh M, Mahmoudi E, Eskandari F, Rashidi M, Arshi A, Mokhtari-Farsani A. Comprehensive review of CRISPR-based gene editing: mechanisms, challenges, and applications in cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:9. [PMID: 38195537 PMCID: PMC10775503 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR system is a revolutionary genome editing tool that has the potential to revolutionize the field of cancer research and therapy. The ability to precisely target and edit specific genetic mutations that drive the growth and spread of tumors has opened up new possibilities for the development of more effective and personalized cancer treatments. In this review, we will discuss the different CRISPR-based strategies that have been proposed for cancer therapy, including inactivating genes that drive tumor growth, enhancing the immune response to cancer cells, repairing genetic mutations that cause cancer, and delivering cancer-killing molecules directly to tumor cells. We will also summarize the current state of preclinical studies and clinical trials of CRISPR-based cancer therapy, highlighting the most promising results and the challenges that still need to be overcome. Safety and delivery are also important challenges for CRISPR-based cancer therapy to become a viable clinical option. We will discuss the challenges and limitations that need to be overcome, such as off-target effects, safety, and delivery to the tumor site. Finally, we will provide an overview of the current challenges and opportunities in the field of CRISPR-based cancer therapy and discuss future directions for research and development. The CRISPR system has the potential to change the landscape of cancer research, and this review aims to provide an overview of the current state of the field and the challenges that need to be overcome to realize this potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Matin Chehelgerdi
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Milad Khorramian-Ghahfarokhi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Mahmoudi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Eskandari
- Faculty of Molecular and Cellular Biology -Genetics, Islamic Azad University of Falavarjan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Asghar Arshi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Abbas Mokhtari-Farsani
- Novin Genome (NG) Lab, Research and Development Center for Biotechnology, Shahrekord, Iran
- Department of Biology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
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4
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Batool S, Sohail S, Ud Din F, Alamri AH, Alqahtani AS, Alshahrani MA, Alshehri MA, Choi HG. A detailed insight of the tumor targeting using nanocarrier drug delivery system. Drug Deliv 2023; 30:2183815. [PMID: 36866455 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2023.2183815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human struggle against the deadly disease conditions is continued since ages. The contribution of science and technology in fighting against these diseases cannot be ignored exclusively due to the invention of novel procedure and products, extending their size ranges from micro to nano. Recently nanotechnology has been gaining more consideration for its ability to diagnose and treat different cancers. Different nanoparticles have been used to evade the issues related with conservative anticancer delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, adverse effects and burst release. These nanocarriers including, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), liposomes, nano lipid carriers (NLCs), nano micelles, nanocomposites, polymeric and magnetic nanocarriers, have brought revolutions in antitumor drug delivery. Nanocarriers improved the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs with better accumulation at the specific site with sustained release, improved bioavailability and apoptosis of the cancer cells while bypassing the normal cells. In this review, the cancer targeting techniques and surface modification on nanoparticles are discussed briefly with possible challenges and opportunities. It can be concluded that understanding the role of nanomedicine in tumor treatment is significant, and therefore, the modern progressions in this arena is essential to be considered for a prosperous today and an affluent future of tumor patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibgha Batool
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saba Sohail
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Nanomedicine Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali H Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacy, Mental Health Hospital, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alshahrani
- Department of Medical Supply in Khamis Mushet General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Khamis Mushet, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alshehri
- Department of Pharmacy, Abha Maternity and Children Hospital, Ministry of Health, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Han Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
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5
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Scott EC, Baines AC, Gong Y, Moore R, Pamuk GE, Saber H, Subedee A, Thompson MD, Xiao W, Pazdur R, Rao VA, Schneider J, Beaver JA. Trends in the approval of cancer therapies by the FDA in the twenty-first century. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2023; 22:625-640. [PMID: 37344568 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00723-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The cancer treatment landscape has changed dramatically since the turn of the century, resulting in substantial improvements in outcomes for patients. This Review summarizes trends in the approval of oncology therapeutic products by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from January 2000 to October 2022, based on a categorization of these products by their mechanism of action and primary target. Notably, the rate of oncology indication approvals has increased in this time, driven by approvals for targeted therapies, as has the rate of introduction of new therapeutic approaches. Kinase inhibitors are the dominant product class by number of approved products and indications, yet immune checkpoint inhibitors have the second most approvals despite not entering the market until 2011. Other trends include a slight increase in the share of approvals for biomarker-defined populations and the emergence of tumour-site-agnostic approvals. Finally, we consider the implications of the trends for the future of oncology therapeutic product development, including the impact of novel therapeutic approaches and technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Scott
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Andrea C Baines
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yutao Gong
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rodney Moore
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gulsum E Pamuk
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Haleh Saber
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ashim Subedee
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D Thompson
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wenming Xiao
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Richard Pazdur
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - V Ashutosh Rao
- Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Julie Schneider
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Julia A Beaver
- Office of Oncologic Diseases, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Oncology Center of Excellence, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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6
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Screening of Key Prognosis Genes of Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Expression Analysis on TCGA Database. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4435092. [PMID: 36600965 PMCID: PMC9807302 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4435092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The data of lung adenocarcinoma- (LUAD-) related gene expression profiles were mined from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using bioinformatics methods and potential biomarkers related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of LUAD were screened out to explore the key prognostic genes and clinical significance. Methods Following the LUAD gene expression profile data that were initially exported from the TCGA database, R software DESeq2 was employed to analyze the difference between the expression profiles of LUAD and normal tissues. The R package "clusterProfiler" was subsequently utilized to perform gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of the differential genes. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the String database, and cytohubba, a plugin of Cytoscape, was applied to screen hub genes using the MCC algorithm. The Gene Expression Profile Data Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was used to analyze expressions of 10 candidate genes in LUAD samples and healthy lung samples, and the selected genes were employed for survival analysis. Results A total of 1,598 differential genes were identified through differential analyses and data mining, with 1,394 genes upregulated and 204 downregulated. A total of 10 hub genes CCNA2, CDC20, CCNB2, KIF11, TOP2A, BUB1, BUB1B, CENPF, TPX2, and KIF2C were obtained using the cytohubba plugin. The results of the GEPIA analysis indicated that compared with normal lung tissue, the mRNA expression level of the described hub genes in LUAD tissue was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Survival analysis revealed that these genes had a significant impact on the overall survival time of LUAD patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion The previously described key genes related to LUAD identified in the TCGA database may be used as potential prognostic biomarkers, which will contribute to further comprehension of the occurrence and development of LUAD and provide references for its diagnosis and treatment.
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7
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Ten Years of CRISPRing Cancers In Vitro. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235746. [PMID: 36497228 PMCID: PMC9738354 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines have always constituted a good investigation tool for cancer research, allowing scientists to understand the basic mechanisms underlying the complex network of phenomena peculiar to the transforming path from a healthy to cancerous cell. The introduction of CRISPR in everyday laboratory activity and its relative affordability greatly expanded the bench lab weaponry in the daily attempt to better understand tumor biology with the final aim to mitigate cancer's impact in our lives. In this review, we aim to report how this genome editing technique affected in the in vitro modeling of different aspects of tumor biology, its several declinations, and analyze the advantages and drawbacks of each of them.
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8
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Becklin KL, Draper GM, Madden RA, Kluesner MG, Koga T, Huang M, Weiss WA, Spector LG, Largaespada DA, Moriarity BS, Webber BR. Developing Bottom-Up Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Solid Tumor Models Using Precision Genome Editing Technologies. CRISPR J 2022; 5:517-535. [PMID: 35972367 PMCID: PMC9529369 DOI: 10.1089/crispr.2022.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genome and tissue engineering have spurred significant progress and opportunity for innovation in cancer modeling. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an established and powerful tool to study cellular processes in the context of disease-specific genetic backgrounds; however, their application to cancer has been limited by the resistance of many transformed cells to undergo successful reprogramming. Here, we review the status of human iPSC modeling of solid tumors in the context of genetic engineering, including how base and prime editing can be incorporated into "bottom-up" cancer modeling, a term we coined for iPSC-based cancer models using genetic engineering to induce transformation. This approach circumvents the need to reprogram cancer cells while allowing for dissection of the genetic mechanisms underlying transformation, progression, and metastasis with a high degree of precision and control. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of respective engineering approaches and outline experimental considerations for establishing future models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie L. Becklin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Garrett M. Draper
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Madden
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchell G. Kluesner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Ludwig Cancer Research San Diego Branch, La Jolla, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miller Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William A. Weiss
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA; and Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Logan G. Spector
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A. Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Branden S. Moriarity
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Beau R. Webber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Neurosurgery and Brain Tumor Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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9
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Gonzalez-Salinas F, Martinez-Amador C, Trevino V. Characterizing genes associated with cancer using the CRISPR/Cas9 system: A systematic review of genes and methodological approaches. Gene 2022; 833:146595. [PMID: 35598687 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 system enables a versatile set of genomes editing and genetic-based disease modeling tools due to its high specificity, efficiency, and accessible design and implementation. In cancer, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used to characterize genes and explore different mechanisms implicated in tumorigenesis. Different experimental strategies have been proposed in recent years, showing dependency on various intrinsic factors such as cancer type, gene function, mutation type, and technical approaches such as cell line, Cas9 expression, and transfection options. However, the successful methodological approaches, genes, and other experimental factors have not been analyzed. We, therefore, initially considered more than 1,300 research articles related to CRISPR/Cas9 in cancer to finally examine more than 400 full-text research publications. We summarize findings regarding target genes, RNA guide designs, cloning, Cas9 delivery systems, cell enrichment, and experimental validations. This analysis provides valuable information and guidance for future cancer gene validation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gonzalez-Salinas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Morones Prieto avenue 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
| | - Claudia Martinez-Amador
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Morones Prieto avenue 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico
| | - Victor Trevino
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Morones Prieto avenue 3000, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64710, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada avenue 2501, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64849, México.
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10
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Huang YY, Zhang XY, Zhu P, Ji L. Development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated technology for potential clinical applications. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:5934-5945. [PMID: 35949837 PMCID: PMC9254185 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i18.5934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins constitute the innate adaptive immune system in several bacteria and archaea. This immune system helps them in resisting the invasion of phages and foreign DNA by providing sequence-specific acquired immunity. Owing to the numerous advantages such as ease of use, low cost, high efficiency, good accuracy, and a diverse range of applications, the CRISPR-Cas system has become the most widely used genome editing technology. Hence, the advent of the CRISPR/Cas technology highlights a tremendous potential in clinical diagnosis and could become a powerful asset for modern medicine. This study reviews the recently reported application platforms for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of different diseases based on CRISPR/Cas systems. The limitations, current challenges, and future prospectus are summarized; this article would be a valuable reference for future genome-editing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ying Huang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- School of Medical Laboratory, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ling Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518035, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Xiang J, Wang K, Tang N. PCK1 dysregulation in cancer: Metabolic reprogramming, oncogenic activation, and therapeutic opportunities. Genes Dis 2022; 10:101-112. [PMID: 37013052 PMCID: PMC10066343 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed an advancement in our understanding of multiple cancer cell pathways related to metabolic reprogramming. One of the most important cancer hallmarks, including aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect), the central carbon pathway, and multiple-branch metabolic pathway remodeling, enables tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), a key rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis, catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate. PCK1 expression in gluconeogenic tissues is tightly regulated during fasting. In tumor cells, PCK1 is regulated in a cell-autonomous manner rather than by hormones or nutrients in the extracellular environment. Interestingly, PCK1 has an anti-oncogenic role in gluconeogenic organs (the liver and kidneys), but a tumor-promoting role in cancers arising from non-gluconeogenic organs. Recent studies have revealed that PCK1 has metabolic and non-metabolic roles in multiple signaling networks linking metabolic and oncogenic pathways. Aberrant PCK1 expression results in the activation of oncogenic pathways, accompanied by metabolic reprogramming, to maintain tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms underlying PCK1 expression and regulation, and clarify the crosstalk between aberrant PCK1 expression, metabolic rewiring, and signaling pathway activation. In addition, we highlight the clinical relevance of PCK1 and its value as a putative cancer therapeutic target.
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12
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Song Z, Yang Y, Wu Y, Zheng M, Sun D, Li H, Chen L. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 1 as a potential target in human cancer. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 917:174754. [PMID: 35007521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase 1 (GOT1) is one distinct isoenzyme of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in eukaryotic cells, which is located in the cytoplasm. To date, several studies have shown that GOT1 plays a critical role in regulating cell proliferation by participating in amino acid metabolism, especially in glutamine metabolism. In addition, GOT1 is overexpressed in many cancer, so GOT1 has been identified as a potentially therapeutic target. Herein, this review summarizes the structure and function of GOT1 and the important roles of GOT1 in some tumor progress, as well as the characterization of GOT1 inhibitors. It may provide new insight into the discovery of small compounds as potential anti-GOT1 drugs for treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuorui Song
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yueying Yang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanli Wu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Mengzhu Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dejuan Sun
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Hua Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Wuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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13
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Bertho G, Lordello L, Chen X, Lucas-Torres C, Oumezziane IE, Caradeuc C, Baudin M, Nuan-Aliman S, Thieblemont C, Baud V, Giraud N. Ultrahigh-Resolution NMR with Water Signal Suppression for a Deeper Understanding of the Action of Antimetabolic Drugs on Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1041-1051. [PMID: 35119866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrahigh-resolution NMR has recently attracted considerable attention in the field of complex samples analysis. Indeed, the implementation of broadband homonuclear decoupling techniques has allowed us to greatly simplify crowded 1H spectra, yielding singlets for almost every proton site from the analyzed molecules. Pure shift methods have notably shown to be particularly suitable for deciphering mixtures of metabolites in biological samples. Here, we have successfully implemented a new pure shift pulse sequence based on the PSYCHE method, which incorporates a block for solvent suppression that is suitable for metabolomics analysis. The resulting experiment allows us to record ultrahigh-resolution 1D NOESY 1H spectra of biofluids with suppression of the water signal, which is a crucial step for highlighting metabolite mixtures in an aqueous phase. We have successfully recorded pure shift spectra on extracellular media of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. Despite a lower sensitivity, the resolution of pure shift data was found to be better than that of the standard approach, which provides a more detailed vision of the exo-metabolome. The statistical analyses carried out on the resulting metabolic profiles allow us to successfully highlight several metabolic pathways affected by these drugs. Notably, we show that Kidrolase plays a major role in the metabolic pathways of this DLBCL cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildas Bertho
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Lordello
- NF-κB, Différenciation et Cancer, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Covadonga Lucas-Torres
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Imed Eddine Oumezziane
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Cédric Caradeuc
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Baudin
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.,Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Catherine Thieblemont
- NF-κB, Différenciation et Cancer, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.,AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Service Hémato-Oncologie, F-75010 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Baud
- NF-κB, Différenciation et Cancer, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Giraud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université de Paris, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
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14
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15
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Targeting Cancer with CRISPR/Cas9-Based Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010573. [PMID: 35008996 PMCID: PMC8745084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a devastating condition characterised by the uncontrolled division of cells with many forms remaining resistant to current treatment. A hallmark of cancer is the gradual accumulation of somatic mutations which drive tumorigenesis in cancerous cells, creating a mutation landscape distinctive to a cancer type, an individual patient or even a single tumour lesion. Gene editing with CRISPR/Cas9-based tools now enables the precise and permanent targeting of mutations and offers an opportunity to harness this technology to target oncogenic mutations. However, the development of safe and effective gene editing therapies for cancer relies on careful design to spare normal cells and avoid introducing other mutations. This article aims to describe recent advancements in cancer-selective treatments based on the CRISPR/Cas9 system, especially focusing on strategies for targeted delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 machinery to affected cells, controlling Cas9 expression in tissues of interest and disrupting cancer-specific genes to result in selective death of malignant cells.
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16
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Elmenier FM, Lasheen DS, Abouzid KAM. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new thieno[2,3- d] pyrimidine derivatives as targeted therapy for PI3K with molecular modelling study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:315-332. [PMID: 34955086 PMCID: PMC8725920 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2010729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases characterised by abnormal growth and uncontrolled cell division. PI3K is a lipid kinase involved in cancer progression which makes it fruitful target for cancer control. 28 new morpholine based thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesised as anti-PI3K agents maintaining the common pharmacophoric features of several potent PI3K inhibitors. Their antiproliferative activity on NCI 60 cell lines as well as their enzymatic activity against PI3K isoforms were evaluated. Three compounds revealed good cytotoxic activities against breast cancer cell lines, especially T-47D. Compound VIb exhibited the best enzymatic inhibitory activity (72% & 84% on PI3Kβ & PI3Kγ), respectively and good activity on most NCI cell lines especially those with over expressed PI3K. Docking was carried out into PI3K active site which showed comparable binding mode to that of the PI-103 inhibitor. Compound VIb could be optimised to serve as a new chemical entity for discovering new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Elmenier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
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17
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Jefremow A, Neurath MF, Waldner MJ. CRISPR/Cas9 in Gastrointestinal Malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:727217. [PMID: 34912798 PMCID: PMC8667614 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.727217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers such as colorectal cancer (CRC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal cancer (EG), pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC) or hepatocellular cancer (HCC) belong to the most commonly diagnosed types of cancer and are among the most frequent causes of cancer related death worldwide. Most types of GI cancer develop in a stepwise fashion with the occurrence of various driver mutations during tumor progression. Understanding the precise function of mutations driving GI cancer development has been regarded as a prerequisite for an improved clinical management of GI malignancies. During recent years, CRISPR/Cas9 has developed into a powerful tool for genome editing in cancer research by knocking in and knocking out even multiple genes at the same time. Within this review, we discuss recent applications for CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in GI cancer research including CRC, GC, EG, PDAC and HCC. These applications include functional studies of candidate genes in cancer cell lines or organoids in vitro as well as in murine cancer models in vivo, library screening for the identification of previously unknown driver mutations and even gene therapy of GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Jefremow
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maximilian J Waldner
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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18
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Diori Karidio I, Sanlier SH. Reviewing cancer's biology: an eclectic approach. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:32. [PMID: 34719756 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer refers to a group of some of the worldwide most diagnosed and deadliest pathophysiological conditions that conquered researchers' attention for decades and yet begs for more questions for a full comprehension of its complex cellular and molecular pathology. MAIN BODY The disease conditions are commonly characterized by unrestricted cell proliferation and dysfunctional replicative senescence pathways. In fact, the cell cycle operates under the rigorous control of complex signaling pathways involving cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases assumed to be specific to each phase of the cycle. At each of these checkpoints, the cell is checked essentially for its DNA integrity. Genetic defects observed in these molecules (i.e., cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases) are common features of cancer cells. Nevertheless, each cancer is different concerning its molecular and cellular etiology. These could range from the genetic defects mechanisms and/or the environmental conditions favoring epigenetically harbored homeostasis driving tumorigenesis alongside with the intratumoral heterogeneity with respect to the model that the tumor follows. CONCLUSIONS This review is not meant to be an exhaustive interpretation of carcinogenesis but to summarize some basic features of the molecular etiology of cancer and the intratumoral heterogeneity models that eventually bolster anticancer drug resistance for a more efficient design of drug targeting the pitfalls of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Diori Karidio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Senay Hamarat Sanlier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.,ARGEFAR, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
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19
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Li C, Sun X, Yin W, Zhan Z, Tang Q, Wang W, Zhuo X, Wu Z, Zhang H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang G. Crassifolins Q-W: Clerodane Diterpenoids From Croton crassifolius With Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Angiogenesis Activities. Front Chem 2021; 9:733350. [PMID: 34616713 PMCID: PMC8488372 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.733350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven new clerodane diterpenoids, crassifolins Q-W (1-7), along with five known analogues (8-12), were isolated from the roots of Croton crassifolius. Their structures were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS), and their absolute configurations were determined by ECD spectra and X-ray crystallography. The activities of compounds 1-5 against inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α levels on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were assessed, and compound 5 showed the most significant activity with the secretion levels of IL-6 and TNF-α at 32.78 and 12.53%, respectively. Moreover, compounds 1-5 were screened for their anti-angiogenesis using a human umbilical vein endothelial cells in vitro mode; the results showed all of them exhibited obvious anti-angiogenesis activities, in particular, compound 5 showed the strongest anti-angiogenesis effect in the range of 6.25-50 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canjie Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guangdong Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaochun Zhan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefang Zhuo
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongnan Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guangdong Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaolan Li
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Guangdong Clinical Translational Center for Targeted Drug, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guocai Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Balla B, Tripon F, Banescu C. From Descriptive to Functional Genomics of Leukemias Focusing on Genome Engineering Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10065. [PMID: 34576226 PMCID: PMC8470190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome engineering makes the precise manipulation of DNA sequences possible in a cell. Therefore, it is essential for understanding gene function. Meganucleases were the start of genome engineering, and it continued with the discovery of Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), followed by Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). They can generate double-strand breaks at a desired target site in the genome, and therefore can be used to knock in mutations or knock out genes in the same way. Years later, genome engineering was transformed by the discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Implementation of CRISPR systems involves recognition guided by RNA and the precise cleaving of DNA molecules. This property proves its utility in epigenetics and genome engineering. CRISPR has been and is being continuously successfully used to model mutations in leukemic cell lines and control gene expression. Furthermore, it is used to identify targets and discover drugs for immune therapies. The descriptive and functional genomics of leukemias is discussed in this study, with an emphasis on genome engineering methods. The CRISPR/Cas9 system's challenges, viewpoints, limits, and solutions are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Balla
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Genetics Laboratory, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Florin Tripon
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Genetics Laboratory, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Claudia Banescu
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Genetics Laboratory, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Clinical and Emergency County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 50, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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21
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Anjum F, Mohammad T, Almalki AA, Akhtar O, Abdullaev B, Hassan MI. Phytoconstituents and Medicinal Plants for Anticancer Drug Discovery: Computational Identification of Potent Inhibitors of PIM1 Kinase. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2021; 25:580-590. [PMID: 34448628 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2021.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, medicinal plants, and phytoconstituents serve as important sources and accelerators for anticancer drug discovery, especially when they are combined with virtual screening and molecular simulations against molecular drug targets. Proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim1 (PIM1) is involved in cell survival and proliferation, with great relevance for oncogenesis. PIM1 plays a major role in the progression of various common complex human cancers, including prostate cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and other hematopoietic malignancies. The overexpression of PIM1 leads to cancer progression, and thus it is considered as a potential target for drug design and development purposes. Here, we report original in silico findings by employing structure-based virtual screening to discover potential phytoconstituents from the medicinal plants-based compounds, which could inhibit the PIM1 activity, using the IMPPAT (a curated database of Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics) database. The initial hits were selected based on their binding affinity toward PIM1 calculated through the molecular docking approach. Subsequently, interaction analyses and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation for 100 ns was carried out to study the conformational dynamics and complex stability of PIM1 with the identified compounds. Importantly, we found that PIM1 forms stable protein-ligand complexes with the phytoconstituents Dehydrotectol and Nordracorubin in particular. Our findings suggest that identified phytoconstituents Dehydrotectol and Nordracorubin bind to PIM1 in ATP-competitive binding mode. These findings and the compounds reported herein warrant further exploration as promising scaffolds for anticancer drug design, discovery, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Anjum
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdulraheem Ali Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Akhtar
- Department of Medicine, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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22
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Birhan YS, Tsai HC. Recent developments in selenium-containing polymeric micelles: prospective stimuli, drug-release behaviors, and intrinsic anticancer activity. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6770-6801. [PMID: 34350452 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is capable of forming a dynamic covalent bond with itself and other elements and can undergo metathesis and regeneration reactions under optimum conditions. Its dynamic nature endows selenium-containing polymers with striking sensitivity towards some environmental alterations. In the past decade, several selenium-containing polymers were synthesized and used for the preparation of oxidation-, reduction-, and radiation-responsive nanocarriers. Recently, thioredoxin reductase, sonication, and osmotic pressure triggered the cleavage of Se-Se bonds and swelling or disassembly of nanostructures. Moreover, some selenium-containing nanocarriers form oxidation products such as seleninic acids and acrylates with inherent anticancer activities. Thus, selenium-containing polymers hold promise for the fabrication of ultrasensitive and multifunctional nanocarriers of radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic significance. Herein, we discuss the most recent developments in selenium-containing polymeric micelles in light of their architecture, multiple stimuli-responsive properties, emerging immunomodulatory activities, and future perspectives in the delivery and controlled release of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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23
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Zheng D, Xia K, Yu L, Gong C, Shi Y, Li W, Qiu Y, Yang J, Guo W. A Novel Six Metastasis-Related Prognostic Gene Signature for Patients With Osteosarcoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:699212. [PMID: 34368151 PMCID: PMC8343004 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.699212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common malignant bone tumor, and although there has been significant progress in its management, metastases often herald incurable disease. Here we defined genes differentially expressed between primary and metastatic osteosarcoma as metastasis-related genes (MRGs) and used them to construct a novel six-MRG prognostic signature for overall survival of patients with osteosarcoma. Validation in internal and external datasets confirmed satisfactory accuracy and generalizability of the prognostic model, and a nomogram based on the signature and clinical variables was constructed to aid clinical decision-making. Of the six MRGs, FHIT is a well-documented tumor suppressor gene that is poorly defined in osteosarcoma. Consistent with tumor suppressor function, FHIT was downregulated in osteosarcoma cells and human osteosarcoma samples. FHIT overexpression inhibited osteosarcoma proliferation, migration, and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, FHIT overexpression upregulate the epithelial marker E-cadherin while repressing the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and vimentin. Our six-MRG signature represents a novel and clinically useful prognostic biomarker for patients with osteosarcoma, and FHIT might represent a therapeutic target by reversing epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kezhou Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changtian Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yubo Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonglong Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weichun Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kozovska Z, Rajcaniova S, Munteanu P, Dzacovska S, Demkova L. CRISPR: History and perspectives to the future. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111917. [PMID: 34328110 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the information about the history and future of the CRISPR/Cas9 method. Genome editing can be perceived as a group of technologies that allow scientists to change the DNA of an organism. These technologies involve the deletion, insertion, or modification of the genome at a specific site in a DNA sequence. Gene therapy in humans has a perspective to be used to eliminate the gene responsible for a particular genetic disorder. The review focuses on the key elements of this promising method and the possibility of its application in the treatment of cancer and genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Kozovska
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - S Rajcaniova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Munteanu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of chemical and food technology, Slovak Technical University, Radlinského 9, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - S Dzacovska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Demkova
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, University Science Park for Biomedicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
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25
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The trends in CRISPR research: A patent and literature study with a focus on India. WORLD PATENT INFORMATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wpi.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li J, Dadmohammadi Y, Abbaspourrad A. Flavor components, precursors, formation mechanisms, production and characterization methods: garlic, onion, and chili pepper flavors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8265-8287. [PMID: 34028311 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1926906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
There is an enormous demand in the food industry to shift toward natural flavors. However, most flavor molecules are significantly unstable outside their original sources. Moreover, limited studies are focused on the flavor formation mechanisms, regeneration methods, and stability, which could help facilitate this replacement by establishing a link between food processing conditions and flavor generation.This scoping review summarizes major findings related to the identification of garlic, onion, and chili pepper flavors and their precursor molecules, formation mechanisms, generation of flavors and precursors, characterization methods, and precursor stability under thermal food processing conditions. The findings confirmed that the allium flavors could be generated by alliin and isoalliin precursors through thermal processing. Also, the literature lacks detailed knowledge about chili pepper flavor's precursors, and only capsaicinoids have been reported as a thermally stable chili pepper flavor.Although numerous studies have focused on this area, there is still a lack of detailed applicable knowledge. Future investigations can be framed into (1) Development of efficient methods to generate flavors during food processing; (2) Improvement of flavors' stability; (3) Understanding the interactions of flavors and their precursors with other food ingredients and additives; and (4) Characterization of the organoleptic properties of flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieying Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Younas Dadmohammadi
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alireza Abbaspourrad
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Sabit H, Abdel-Ghany S, Tombuloglu H, Cevik E, Alqosaibi A, Almulhim F, Al-Muhanaa A. New insights on CRISPR/Cas9-based therapy for breast Cancer. Genes Environ 2021; 43:15. [PMID: 33926574 PMCID: PMC8082964 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome-editing techniques in various biological fields including human cancer research. Cancer is a multi-step process that encompasses the accumulation of mutations that result in the hallmark of the malignant state. The goal of cancer research is to identify these mutations and correlate them with the underlying tumorigenic process. Using CRISPR/Cas9 tool, specific mutations responsible for cancer initiation and/or progression could be corrected at least in animal models as a first step towards translational applications. In the present article, we review various novel strategies that employed CRISPR/Cas9 to treat breast cancer in both in vitro and in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sabit
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Medical Research and Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box: 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, P. O. Box 77, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Medical Research and Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box: 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Cevik
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Medical Research and Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box: 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Alqosaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. 4 Box, Dammam, 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Almulhim
- Breast Imaging Division, KFHU, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. 4 Box, Dammam, 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Al-Muhanaa
- Breast Imaging Division, KFHU, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. 4 Box, Dammam, 1982, Saudi Arabia
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Tohamy AF, Hussein S, Moussa IM, Rizk H, Daghash S, Alsubki RA, Mubarak AS, Alshammari HO, Al-Maary KS, Hemeg HA. Lucrative antioxidant effect of metformin against cyclophosphamide induced nephrotoxicity. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:2755-2761. [PMID: 34025161 PMCID: PMC8117244 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide is anticancer drug with a well-Known nephrotoxicity. This work was applied to study the lucrative antioxidant influence of metformin as co-therapy on the nephrotoxicity induced by cyclophosphamide in the treatment of different cancer diseases. Four groups of male Sprague Dawley rats were used; Control group (C) received single I.P. injection of 0.2 ml saline, Metformin (MET) group received daily gavage of 200 mg/kg metformin for two weeks, Cyclophosphamide (CP) group received single I.P. injection of 200 mg/kg CP, Protector group (CP.MET) received daily gavage of 200 mg/kg metformin for two weeks and single I.P. injection of 200 mg/kg CP at day 7. By day 14 rats were euthanized. Samples were collected from kidney tissues and blood for kidney function evaluation, histopathological and assessment of oxidative stress markers. The results disclosed that CP yields many functional and structural damage to the kidney, worsened oxidative stress markers and kidney function indicators. The protector group displayed better kidney tissue morphology, acceptable kidney function indicators as well as satisfactory oxidative stress markers. In assumption, metformin could be combined with CP owing to its lucrative effect counter to CP persuaded nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel F. Tohamy
- Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Hussein
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ihab M. Moussa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamdy Rizk
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Samer Daghash
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Roua A. Alsubki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Chair of Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman S. Mubarak
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan O. Alshammari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Al-Maary
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A. Hemeg
- Department of Medical Technology/Microbiology, College of Applied Medical Science, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Siva N, Gupta S, Gupta A, Shukla JN, Malik B, Shukla N. Genome-editing approaches and applications: a brief review on CRISPR technology and its role in cancer. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:146. [PMID: 33732568 PMCID: PMC7910401 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of genome-editing technologies in 1970s has discerned a new beginning in the field of science. Out of different genome-editing approaches such as Zing-finger nucleases, TALENs, and meganucleases, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is a recent and versatile technology that has the ability of making changes to the genome of different organisms with high specificity. Cancer is a complex process that is characterized by multiple genetic and epigenetic changes resulting in abnormal cell growth and proliferation. As cancer is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide, a large number of studies are done to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cancer. Because of its high efficiency and specificity, CRISPR/Cas9 has emerged as a novel and powerful tool in the field of cancer research. CRISPR/Cas9 has the potential to accelerate cancer research by dissecting tumorigenesis process, generating animal and cellular models, and identify drug targets for chemotherapeutic approaches. However, despite having tremendous potential, there are certain challenges associated with CRISPR/Cas9 such as safe delivery to the target, potential off-target effects and its efficacy which needs to be addressed prior to its clinical application. In this review, we give a gist of different genome-editing technologies with a special focus on CRISPR/Cas9 development, its mechanism of action and its applications, especially in different type of cancers. We also highlight the importance of CRISPR/Cas9 in generating animal models of different cancers. Finally, we present an overview of the clinical trials and discuss the challenges associated with translating CRISPR/Cas9 in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narmadhaa Siva
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle, Jaipur, India
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle, Jaipur, India
| | - Ayam Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle, Jaipur, India
| | - Jayendra Nath Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindari, Ajmer, India
| | - Babita Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Statue Circle, Jaipur, India
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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Martinez-Escobar A, Luna-Callejas B, Ramón-Gallegos E. CRISPR-dCas9-Based Artificial Transcription Factors to Improve Efficacy of Cancer Treatment With Drug Repurposing: Proposal for Future Research. Front Oncol 2021; 10:604948. [PMID: 33614489 PMCID: PMC7887379 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.604948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the high resistance that cancer has shown to conventional therapies, it is difficult to treat this disease, particularly in advanced stages. In recent decades, treatments have been improved, being more specific according to the characteristics of the tumor, becoming more effective, less toxic, and invasive. Cancer can be treated by the combination of surgery, radiation therapy, and/or drug administration, but therapies based on anticancer drugs are the main cancer treatment. Cancer drug development requires long-time preclinical and clinical studies and is not cost-effective. Drug repurposing is an alternative for cancer therapies development since it is faster, safer, easier, cheaper, and repurposed drugs do not have serious side effects. However, cancer is a complex, heterogeneous, and highly dynamic disease with multiple evolving molecular constituents. This tumor heterogeneity causes several resistance mechanisms in cancer therapies, mainly the target mutation. The CRISPR-dCas9-based artificial transcription factors (ATFs) could be used in cancer therapy due to their possibility to manipulate DNA to modify target genes, activate tumor suppressor genes, silence oncogenes, and tumor resistance mechanisms for targeted therapy. In addition, drug repurposing combined with the use of CRISPR-dCas9-based ATFs could be an alternative cancer treatment to reduce cancer mortality. The aim of this review is to describe the potential of the repurposed drugs combined with CRISPR-dCas9-based ATFs to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment, discussing the possible advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martinez-Escobar
- Environmental Cytopathology Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Luna-Callejas
- Environmental Cytopathology Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Ramón-Gallegos
- Environmental Cytopathology Laboratory, Department of Morphology, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
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Akram F, Ikram Ul Haq, Ahmed Z, Khan H, Ali MS. CRISPR-Cas9, A Promising Therapeutic Tool for Cancer Therapy: A Review. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 27:931-944. [PMID: 32264803 DOI: 10.2174/0929866527666200407112432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most leading causes of mortality all over the world and remains a foremost social and economic burden. Mutations in the genome of individuals are taking place more frequently due to the excessive progress of xenobiotics and industrialization in the present world. With the progress in the field of molecular biology, it is possible to alter the genome and to observe the functional changes derived from genetic modulation using gene-editing technologies. Several therapies have been applied for the treatment of malignancy which affect the normal body cells; however, more effort is required to develop vsome latest therapeutic approaches for cancer biology and oncology exploiting these molecular biology advances. Recently, the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has emerged as a powerful technology for cancer therapy because of its great accuracy and efficiency. Genome editing technologies have demonstrated a plethora of benefits to the biological sciences. CRISPR- Cas9, a versatile gene editing tool, has become a robust strategy for making alterations to the genome of organisms and a potent weapon in the arsenal of tumor treatment. It has revealed an excellent clinical potential for cancer therapy by discovering novel targets and has provided the researchers with the perception about how tumors respond to drug therapy. Stern efforts are in progress to enhance its efficiency of sequence specific targeting and consequently repressing offtarget effects. CRISPR-Cas9 uses specific proteins to convalesce mutations at genetic level. In CRISPR-Cas9 system, RNA-guided Cas9 endonuclease harnesses gene mutation, DNA deletion or insertion, transcriptional activation or repression, multiplex targeting only by manipulating 20-nucleotide components of RNA. Originally, CRISPR-Cas9 system was used by bacteria for their defense against different bacteriophages, and recently this system is receiving noteworthy appreciation due to its emerging role in the treatment of genetic disorders and carcinogenesis. CRISPR-Cas9 can be employed to promptly engineer oncolytic viruses and immune cells for cancer therapeutic applications. More notably, it has the ability to precisely edit genes not only in model organisms but also in human being that permits its use in therapeutic analysis. It also plays a significant role in the development of complete genomic libraries for cancer patients. In this review, we have highlighted the involvement of CRISPR-Cas9 system in cancer therapy accompanied by its prospective applications in various types of malignancy and cancer biology. In addition, some other conspicuous functions of this unique system have also been discussed beyond genome editing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Akram
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ul Haq
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmed
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
| | - Hamza Khan
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GC University, Lahore-54000, Pakistan
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Knockdown of RhoC Inhibits Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Invasion and Metastasis via Regulation of HMGA2. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:6644077. [PMID: 33519932 PMCID: PMC7817318 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6644077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ras homolog family member C (RhoC) is an important component of intracellular signal transduction and its overexpression has been reported to be involved in regulating tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in various malignant tumors. However, its role and underlying mechanism in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) still remain obscure. In our study, RhoC expression, its relation with clinical stages, and survival rate in OSCC were analyzed using datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Next, a RhoC knockdown cell model was established in vitro, and the effects of RhoC knockdown in OSCC cells were detected by the MTT assay, colony formation assay, transwell invasion assay, scratch assay, and F-actin phalloidin staining. An in vivo tongue-xenografted nude mouse model was established to measure the effects of knockdown of RhoC on tumor cell growth and lymph node metastasis. A mechanism study was conducted by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. The results of TCGA analysis showed that RhoC was overexpressed in OSCC tumor tissues. In vitro assays indicated that knockdown of RhoC did not have much effect on OSCC cell growth but significantly suppressed cell colony formation, invasion, and migration abilities, and F-actin polymerization was also reduced. The tongue-xenografted in vivo model demonstrated that knockdown of RhoC suppressed OSCC cell growth and inhibited metastasis to the superficial cervical lymph nodes. Further mechanism studies showed that knockdown of RhoC downregulated HMGA2 expression, and HMGA2 expression was highly correlated with RhoC expression in OSCC tumor tissues via the analysis of TCGA datasets. Overall, our study showed that knockdown of RhoC inhibited OSCC cells invasion and migration in vitro and OSCC cell growth and lymph node metastasis in vivo. Moreover, the potential mechanisms involved in these activities may be related to the regulation of HMGA2 expression. The RhoC gene could serve as a promising therapeutic target for OSCCs in the future.
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Wang Y, Bruggeman KF, Franks S, Gautam V, Hodgetts SI, Harvey AR, Williams RJ, Nisbet DR. Is Viral Vector Gene Delivery More Effective Using Biomaterials? Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001238. [PMID: 33191667 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery has been extensively investigated for introducing foreign genetic material into cells to promote expression of therapeutic proteins or to silence relevant genes. This approach can regulate genetic or epigenetic disorders, offering an attractive alternative to pharmacological therapy or invasive protein delivery options. However, the exciting potential of viral gene therapy has yet to be fully realized, with a number of clinical trials failing to deliver optimal therapeutic outcomes. Reasons for this include difficulty in achieving localized delivery, and subsequently lower efficacy at the target site, as well as poor or inconsistent transduction efficiency. Thus, ongoing efforts are focused on improving local viral delivery and enhancing its efficiency. Recently, biomaterials have been exploited as an option for more controlled, targeted and programmable gene delivery. There is a growing body of literature demonstrating the efficacy of biomaterials and their potential advantages over other delivery strategies. This review explores current limitations of gene delivery and the progress of biomaterial-mediated gene delivery. The combination of biomaterials and gene vectors holds the potential to surmount major challenges, including the uncontrolled release of viral vectors with random delivery duration, poorly localized viral delivery with associated off-target effects, limited viral tropism, and immune safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Kiara F. Bruggeman
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Stephanie Franks
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Stuart I. Hodgetts
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- School of Human Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009 Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science Perth WA 6009 Australia
| | - Richard J. Williams
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) School of Medicine Deakin University Waurn Ponds VIC 3216 Australia
- Biofab3D St. Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy 3065 Australia
| | - David R. Nisbet
- Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials Research School of Engineering The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
- Biofab3D St. Vincent's Hospital Fitzroy 3065 Australia
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Luque-Bolivar A, Pérez-Mora E, Villegas VE, Rondón-Lagos M. Resistance and Overcoming Resistance in Breast Cancer. BREAST CANCER (DOVE MEDICAL PRESS) 2020; 12:211-229. [PMID: 33204149 PMCID: PMC7666993 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s270799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of breast cancer (BC) have increased in recent years, and BC is the main cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. One of the most significant clinical problems in the treatment of patients with BC is the development of therapeutic resistance. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved in drug resistance is critical. The therapeutic decision for the management of patients with BC is based not only on the assessment of prognostic factors but also on the evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters. Although this has been a successful approach, some patients relapse and/or eventually develop resistance to treatment. This review is focused on recent studies on the possible biological and molecular mechanisms involved in both response and resistance to treatment in BC. Additionally, emerging treatments that seek to overcome resistance and reduce side effects are also described. A greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of treatments used in BC might contribute not only to the enhancement of our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the development of resistance but also to the optimization of the existing treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Luque-Bolivar
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
| | - Erika Pérez-Mora
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
| | | | - Milena Rondón-Lagos
- School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja150003, Colombia
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Targeting Epigenetic Modifications in Uveal Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155314. [PMID: 32726977 PMCID: PMC7432398 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM), the most common intraocular malignancy in adults, is a rare subset of melanoma. Despite effective primary therapy, around 50% of patients will develop the metastatic disease. Several clinical trials have been evaluated for patients with advanced UM, though outcomes remain dismal due to the lack of efficient therapies. Epigenetic dysregulation consisting of aberrant DNA methylation, histone modifications, and small non-coding RNA expression, silencing tumor suppressor genes, or activating oncogenes, have been shown to play a significant role in UM initiation and progression. Given that there is no evidence any approach improves results so far, adopting combination therapies, incorporating a new generation of epigenetic drugs targeting these alterations, may pave the way for novel promising therapeutic options. Furthermore, the fusion of effector enzymes with nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) in clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) associated protein 9 (Cas9) system equips a potent tool for locus-specific erasure or establishment of DNA methylation as well as histone modifications and, therefore, transcriptional regulation of specific genes. Both, CRISPR-dCas9 potential for driver epigenetic alterations discovery, and possibilities for their targeting in UM are highlighted in this review.
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Jiao R, Jiang W, Wei X, Zhang M, Zhao S, Huang G. Clinicopathological significance and prognosis of long noncoding RNA SNHG16 expression in human cancers: a meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:662. [PMID: 32677912 PMCID: PMC7366298 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have highlighted the important role of long non-coding RNA SNHG16 in various human cancers. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of SNHG16 expression on clinicopathological features and prognosis in patients with different kinds of human cancers. Methods We performed a systematic search in electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science, to investigate the potential association between SNHG16 expression and prognostic significance and clinical features in cancer patients. Odds ratios (ORs) or hazards ratios (HRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled to estimate the prognosis value of SNHG16 by StataSE 15.0 software. Results A total of 16 eligible studies with 1299 patients were enrolled in our meta-analysis. The results revealed that increased expression level of SNHG16 was significantly associated with larger tumor size (OR: 3.357; 95% CI: 2.173–5.185; P < 0.001), advanced TNM stage (OR: 2.930; 95% CI: 1.522–5.640; P = 0.001) and poor histological grade (OR: 3.943; 95% CI: 1.955–7.952; P < 0.001), but not correlated with smoking status (P = 0.489), sex (P = 0.932), distant metastasis (P = 0.052), or lymph node metastasis (P = 0.155). Moreover, the pooled HR showed that elevated expression SNHG16 was associated with a significantly poorer overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.866, 95% CI: 1.571–2.216, P < 0.001). For the set of cancer types, high expression of SNHG16 was significantly associated with shorter OS in patients with cancers of the urinary system (HR: 2.523, 95% CI:1.540–4.133; P <0.001), digestive system (HR: 2.406, 95% CI:1.556–3.721; P <0.001), and other cancers (including glioma and non-small cell lung cancer) (HR: 1.786, 95% CI:1.406–2.267; P <0.001). Conclusions LncRNA SNHG16 overexpression might serve as an unfavorable prognostic factor, which provides a basis for medical workers to evaluate the prognosis of patients and to help the decision-making process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Jiao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Mengpei Zhang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Si Zhao
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China.
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Araldi RP, Khalil C, Grignet PH, Teixeira MR, de Melo TC, Módolo DG, Fernandes LGV, Ruiz J, de Souza EB. Medical applications of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR/Cas) tool: A comprehensive overview. Gene 2020; 745:144636. [PMID: 32244056 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the double helix and the introduction of genetic engineering, the possibility to develop new strategies to manipulate the genome has fascinated scientists around the world. Currently scientists have the knowledge andabilitytoedit the genomes. Several methodologies of gene editing have been established, all of them working like "scissor", creating double strand breaks at specific spots. The introduction of a new technology, which was adapted from the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas bacterial immune system, has revolutionized the genetic therapy field, as it allows a much more precise editing of gene than the previously described tools and, therefore, to prevent and treat disease in humans. This review aims to revisit the genome editing history that led to the rediscovery of the CRISPR/Cas technology and to explore the technical aspects, applications and perspectives of this fascinating, powerful, precise, simpler and cheaper technology in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil.
| | - Charbel Khalil
- Reviva Research and Application Center- Lebanese University, Middle East Institute of Health University Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pedro Henrique Grignet
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Michelli Ramires Teixeira
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Thatiana Correa de Melo
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Ruiz
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil; Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza (ILACVN), Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Edislane Barreiros de Souza
- Laboratory of Genetics, Molecular Biology and Mutagenesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
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Harnessing targeted DNA methylation and demethylation using dCas9. Essays Biochem 2020; 63:813-825. [PMID: 31724704 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an essential DNA modification that plays a crucial role in genome regulation during differentiation and development, and is disrupted in a range of disease states. The recent development of CRISPR/catalytically dead CRISPR/Cas9 (dCas9)-based targeted DNA methylation editing tools has enabled new insights into the roles and functional relevance of this modification, including its importance at regulatory regions and the role of aberrant methylation in various diseases. However, while these tools are advancing our ability to understand and manipulate this regulatory layer of the genome, they still possess a variety of limitations in efficacy, implementation, and targeting specificity. Effective targeted DNA methylation editing will continue to advance our fundamental understanding of the role of this modification in different genomic and cellular contexts, and further improvements may enable more accurate disease modeling and possible future treatments. In this review, we discuss strategies, considerations, and future directions for targeted DNA methylation editing.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is an active topic of clinical and basic research due to high morbidity and mortality. To date, gastrectomy and chemotherapy are the only therapeutic options for gastric cancer patients, but drug resistance, either acquired or primary, is the main cause for treatment failure. Differences in development and response to cancer treatments have been observed among ethnically diverse GC patient populations. In spite of major incidence, GC Asian patients have a significantly better prognosis and response to treatments than Caucasian ones due to genetic discordances between the two populations. Gene therapy could be an alternative strategy to overcome such issues and especially CRISPR/Cas9 represents one of the most intriguing gene-editing system. Thus, in this review article, we want to provide an update on the currently used therapies for the treatment of advanced GC. Graphical abstract.
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Loh SH, Tsai YT, Huang SF, Yu TC, Kuo PC, Chao SC, Chou MF, Tsai CS, Lee SP. Effects of Andrographolide on Intracellular pH Regulation, Cellular Migration, and Apoptosis in Human Cervical Cancer Cells †. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020387. [PMID: 32046125 PMCID: PMC7072207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells have been characterized with alkaline intracellular pH (pHi) values (≥7.2) to enable cancer proliferation, migration, and progression. The aim of the present study was to explore the concentration-dependent effects of Andrographolide, an active diterpenoid compound of herb Andrographis paniculata, on Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1), cellular migration and apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells (HeLa). The pHi was detected by microspectrofluorometry method, and intracellular acidification was induced by NH4Cl prepulse technique. Viability and protein expression were determined by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and Western blot, respectively. Human normal endocervical cells (End1), ectocervical cells (Ect1), and HeLa were bought commercially. The resting pHi value of HeLa (≈7.47) was significantly higher than that of End1 and Ect1 (≈7.30), and shifted from alkaline to acidic following acid/base impacts. In HEPES (4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid | N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(2-ethanesulfonic acid) -buffered superfusate, NHE1 and V-ATPase co-existed functionally for acid extrusion in HeLa, while only NHE1 existed functionally in End/Ect1. Andrographolide (3–1000 μM) concentration-dependently inhibited NHE1 activity. Cell-migration and expressions of NHE1, V-ATPase, PARP (poly-ADP-ribose-polymerase), pro-Caspase-3, and Bcl-2 were significantly reduced by pretreating with Andrographolide (≥100 μM) for 24–48 h in HeLa. Andrographolide inhibited cell viability of End1-cells/Ect1 and HeLa (≥100 and ≥30 μM, respectively). The present findings implicate the promising clinical applications of Andrographolide on cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hurng Loh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (S.-F.H.); (M.-F.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-C.Y.); (P.-C.K.)
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-T.T.); (C.-S.T.)
| | - Shu-Fu Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (S.-F.H.); (M.-F.C.)
| | - Tien-Chieh Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-C.Y.); (P.-C.K.)
| | - Pei-Chun Kuo
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (T.-C.Y.); (P.-C.K.)
| | - Shih-Chi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Mei-Fang Chou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (S.-H.L.); (S.-F.H.); (M.-F.C.)
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-T.T.); (C.-S.T.)
| | - Shiao-Pieng Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Samadian H, Salami MS, Jaymand M, Azarnezhad A, Najafi M, Barabadi H, Ahmadi A. Genotoxicity assessment of carbon-based nanomaterials; Have their unique physicochemical properties made them double-edged swords? MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 783:108296. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sharif F, Rasul A, Ashraf A, Hussain G, Younis T, Sarfraz I, Chaudhry MA, Bukhari SA, Ji XY, Selamoglu Z, Ali M. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 in cancer: A promising target for diagnosis and therapy. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1418-1427. [PMID: 31169978 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Altered enzymatic machineries are a substantial biochemical characteristic of tumor cell metabolism that switch metabolic profile from oxidative phosphorylation to amplified glycolysis as well as increased lactate production under hypoxia conditions. Reprogrammed metabolic profile is an emerging hallmark of cancer. Overexpression of several glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters has been reported in 24 different types of cancers that represent approximately 70% of all the cancer cases around the globe. Thus, targeting glycolytic enzymes could serve as tempting avenue for drug design against cancer. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is an important glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate. Recent investigations have revealed the overexpression of PGAM1 in several human cancers that is linked with tumor growth, survival, and invasion. The aim of this review is to update scientific research network with cancer-specific role of PGAM1 to elucidate its capability as bonafide therapeutic target for cancer therapy. Moreover, we have also summarized the reported genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of PGAM1. This study suggests that further investigations on PGAM1 should focus on the exploration of molecular mechanisms of PGAM1 overexpression in development of cancer, assessment of biosafety profiles of known inhibitors of PGAM1, and utilization of PGAM1 inhibitors in combinatorial therapies. These future studies will surely support the unbiased strategies for the development of novel PGAM1 inhibitors for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Sharif
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Tahira Younis
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asrar Chaudhry
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Shazia A Bukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad (GCUF), Pakistan
| | - Xin Y Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Protein Regulation, College of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Turkey
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Kieckhaefer JE, Maina F, Wells R, Wangensteen KJ. Liver Cancer Gene Discovery Using Gene Targeting, Sleeping Beauty, and CRISPR/Cas9. Semin Liver Dis 2019; 39:261-274. [PMID: 30912094 PMCID: PMC7485130 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1678725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a devastating and prevalent cancer with limited treatment options. Technological advances have enabled genetic screens to be employed in HCC model systems to characterize genes regulating tumor initiation and growth. Relative to traditional methods for studying cancer biology, such as candidate gene approaches or expression analysis, genetic screens have several advantages: they are unbiased, with no a priori selection; can directly annotate gene function; and can uncover gene-gene interactions. In HCC, three main types of screens have been conducted and are reviewed here: (1) transposon-based mutagenesis screens, (2) knockdown screens using RNA interference (RNAi) or the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and (3) overexpression screens using CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) or cDNAs. These methods will be valuable in future genetic screens to delineate the mechanisms underlying drug resistance and to identify new treatments for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Kieckhaefer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flavio Maina
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Rebecca Wells
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kirk J. Wangensteen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Chao SC, Wu GJ, Huang SF, Dai NT, Huang HK, Chou MF, Tsai YT, Lee SP, Loh SH. Functional and molecular mechanism of intracellular pH regulation in human inducible pluripotent stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:196-211. [PMID: 30613313 PMCID: PMC6306555 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i12.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To establish a functional and molecular model of the intracellular pH (pHi) regulatory mechanism in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
METHODS hiPSCs (HPS0077) were kindly provided by Dr. Dai from the Tri-Service General Hospital (IRB No. B-106-09). Changes in the pHi were detected either by microspectrofluorimetry or by a multimode reader with a pH-sensitive fluorescent probe, BCECF, and the fluorescent ratio was calibrated by the high K+/nigericin method. NH4Cl and Na-acetate prepulse techniques were used to induce rapid intracellular acidosis and alkalization, respectively. The buffering power (β) was calculated from the ΔpHi induced by perfusing different concentrations of (NH4)2SO4. Western blot techniques and immunocytochemistry staining were used to detect the protein expression of pHi regulators and pluripotency markers.
RESULTS In this study, our results indicated that (1) the steady-state pHi value was found to be 7.5 ± 0.01 (n = 20) and 7.68 ± 0.01 (n =20) in HEPES and 5% CO2/HCO3--buffered systems, respectively, which were much greater than that in normal adult cells (7.2); (2) in a CO2/HCO3--buffered system, the values of total intracellular buffering power (β) can be described by the following equation: βtot = 107.79 (pHi)2 - 1522.2 (pHi) + 5396.9 (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.85), in the estimated pHi range of 7.1-8.0; (3) the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE) and the Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (NBC) were found to be functionally activated for acid extrusion for pHi values less than 7.5 and 7.68, respectively; (4) V-ATPase and some other unknown Na+-independent acid extruder(s) could only be functionally detected for pHi values less than 7.1; (5) the Cl-/ OH- exchanger (CHE) and the Cl-/HCO3- anion exchanger (AE) were found to be responsible for the weakening of intracellular proton loading; (6) besides the CHE and the AE, a Cl--independent acid loading mechanism was functionally identified; and (7) in hiPSCs, a strong positive correlation was observed between the loss of pluripotency and the weakening of the intracellular acid extrusion mechanism, which included a decrease in the steady-state pHi value and diminished the functional activity and protein expression of the NHE and the NBC.
CONCLUSION For the first time, we established a functional and molecular model of a pHi regulatory mechanism and demonstrated its strong positive correlation with hiPSC pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Chao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Gwo-Jang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fu Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Niann-Tzyy Dai
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Kai Huang
- Division of Chest Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Chou
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Pieng Lee
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hurng Loh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
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Moses C, Nugent F, Waryah CB, Garcia-Bloj B, Harvey AR, Blancafort P. Activating PTEN Tumor Suppressor Expression with the CRISPR/dCas9 System. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 14:287-300. [PMID: 30654190 PMCID: PMC6348769 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PTEN expression is lost in many cancers, and even small changes in PTEN activity affect susceptibility and prognosis in a range of highly aggressive malignancies, such as melanoma and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Loss of PTEN expression occurs via multiple mechanisms, including mutation, transcriptional repression and epigenetic silencing. Transcriptional repression of PTEN contributes to resistance to inhibitors used in the clinic, such as B-Raf inhibitors in BRAF mutant melanoma. We aimed to activate PTEN expression using the CRISPR system, specifically dead (d) Cas9 fused to the transactivator VP64-p65-Rta (VPR). dCas9-VPR was directed to the PTEN proximal promoter by single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs), in cancer cells that exhibited low levels of PTEN expression. The dCas9-VPR system increased PTEN expression in melanoma and TNBC cell lines, without transcriptional regulation at predicted off-target sgRNA binding sites. PTEN activation significantly repressed downstream oncogenic pathways, including AKT, mTOR, and MAPK signaling. BRAF V600E mutant melanoma cells transduced with dCas9-VPR displayed reduced migration, as well as diminished colony formation in the presence of B-Raf inhibitors, PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, and with combined PI3K/mTOR and B-Raf inhibition. CRISPR-mediated targeted activation of PTEN may provide an alternative therapeutic approach for highly aggressive cancers that are refractory to current treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Moses
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Fiona Nugent
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charlene Babra Waryah
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Benjamin Garcia-Bloj
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Science, Universidad Mayor, Camino la Piramide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alan R Harvey
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Pilar Blancafort
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, The Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia; School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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Targeting peroxiredoxin 1 impairs growth of breast cancer cells and potently sensitises these cells to prooxidant agents. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:873-884. [PMID: 30287919 PMCID: PMC6189216 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous work has shown peroxiredoxin-1 (PRDX1), one of major antioxidant enzymes, to be a biomarker in human breast cancer. Hereby, we further investigate the role of PRDX1, compared to its close homolog PRDX2, in mammary malignant cells. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9- or RNAi-based methods were used for genetic targeting PRDX1/2. Cell growth was assessed by crystal violet, EdU incorporation or colony formation assays. In vivo growth was assessed by a xenotransplantation model. Adenanthin was used to inhibit the thioredoxin-dependent antioxidant defense system. The prooxidant agents used were hydrogen peroxide, glucose oxidase and sodium L-ascorbate. A PY1 probe or HyPer-3 biosensor were used to detect hydrogen peroxide content in samples. RESULTS PRDX1 downregulation significantly impaired the growth rate of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells. Likewise, xenotransplanted PRDX1-deficient MCF-7 cells presented a retarded tumour growth. Furthermore, genetic targeting of PRDX1 or adenanthin, but not PRDX2, potently sensitised all six cancer cell lines studied, but not the non-cancerous cells, to glucose oxidase and ascorbate. CONCLUSIONS Our study pinpoints the dominant role for PRDX1 in management of exogeneous oxidative stress by breast cancer cells and substantiates further exploration of PRDX1 as a target in this disease, especially when combined with prooxidant agents.
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Kim H, Schaniel C. Modeling Hematological Diseases and Cancer With Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2243. [PMID: 30323816 PMCID: PMC6172418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) together with recent advances in genome editing, microphysiological systems, tissue engineering and xenograft models present new opportunities for the investigation of hematological diseases and cancer in a patient-specific context. Here we review the progress in the field and discuss the advantages, limitations, and challenges of iPSC-based malignancy modeling. We will also discuss the use of iPSCs and its derivatives as cellular sources for drug target identification, drug development and evaluation of pharmacological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huensuk Kim
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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49
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O'Day E, Hosta-Rigau L, Oyarzún DA, Okano H, de Lorenzo V, von Kameke C, Alsafar H, Cao C, Chen GQ, Ji W, Roberts RJ, Ronaghi M, Yeung K, Zhang F, Lee SY. Are We There Yet? How and When Specific Biotechnologies Will Improve Human Health. Biotechnol J 2018; 14:e1800195. [PMID: 29799175 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patient X: A 67-year-old Caucasian man slips on a patch of ice. He has abrasions to his hands and has sustained significant damage to his hip. At the emergency room, he informs clinicians he takes atorvastatin, metformin, and glimepiride to treat hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). X-rays reveal a fractured hip, which will require total hip replacement surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O'Day
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Olaris Therapeutics, Inc., 45 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Diego A Oyarzún
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.,EPSRC Centre for Mathematics of Precision Healthcare, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Víctor de Lorenzo
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,National Center of Biotechnology CSIC, Systems Biology Program, Campus de Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Conrad von Kameke
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,BioInnovators Europe, Berlin, Germany
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University, PO Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cong Cao
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,University of Nottingham, 199 East Taikang Road, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, MOE Lab for Industrial Biocatalysis, Tsinghua-Peking University Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jingming South Rd. Chenh Gong, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Richard J Roberts
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,New England Biolabs, 240 County Road, Ipswich, MA, 01938, USA
| | - Mostafa Ronaghi
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Illumina Inc., 5200 Illumina Way, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Karen Yeung
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Law School and School of Computer Science University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, B15 2TT
| | - Feng Zhang
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Global Future Council on the Future of Biotechnologies, World Economic Forum, Cologny, CH-1223, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus program), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-Ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.,The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bygning 220, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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