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Wang YS, Chen YT, Wu CY. Functional characterization of stap2b in zebrafish vascular development. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23053. [PMID: 37342918 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201314rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The genetic control and signaling pathways of vascular development are not comprehensively understood. Transcription factors Islet2 (Isl2) and nr2f1b are critical for vascular growth in zebrafish, and further transcriptome analysis has revealed potential targets regulated by isl2/nr2f1b. In this study, we focused on the potential activation gene signal-transducing adaptor protein 2b (stap2b) and revealed a novel role of stap2b in vascular development. stap2b mRNA was expressed in developing vessels, suggesting stap2b plays a role in vascularization. Knocking down stap2b expression by morpholino injection or Crispr-Cas9-generated stap2b mutants caused vascular defects, suggesting a role played by stap2b in controlling the patterning of intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and the caudal vein plexus (CVP). The vessel abnormalities associated with stap2b deficiency were found to be due to dysregulated cell migration and proliferation. The decreased expression of vascular-specific markers in stap2b morphants was consistent with the vascular defects observed. In contrast, overexpression of stap2b enhanced the growth of ISVs and reversed the vessel defects in stap2b morphants. These data suggest that stap2b is necessary and sufficient to promote vascular development. Finally, we examined the interaction between stap2b and multiple signaling. We showed that stap2b regulated ISV growth through the JAK-STAT pathway. Moreover, we found that stap2b was regulated by Notch signaling to control ISV growth, and stap2b interacted with bone morphogenetic protein signaling to contribute to CVP formation. Altogether, we demonstrated that stap2b acts downstream of the isl2/nr2f1b pathway to play a pivotal role in vascular development via interaction with multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Wang
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2
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Transcriptional and Epigenetic Factors Associated with Early Thrombosis of Femoral Artery Involved in Arteriovenous Fistula. Proteomes 2022; 10:proteomes10020014. [PMID: 35645372 PMCID: PMC9149803 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes10020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), created for hemodialysis in end-stage renal disease patients, mature through the outward remodeling of the outflow vein. However, early thrombosis and chronic inflammation are detrimental to the process of AVF maturation and precipitate AVF maturation failure. For the successful remodeling of the outflow vein, blood flow through the fistula is essential, but early arterial thrombosis attenuates this blood flow, and the vessels become thrombosed and stenosed, leading to AVF failure. The altered expression of various proteins involved in maintaining vessel patency or thrombosis is regulated by genes of which the expression is regulated by transcription factors and microRNAs. In this study, using thrombosed and stenosed arteries following AVF creation, we delineated transcription factors and microRNAs associated with differentially expressed genes in bulk RNA sequencing data using upstream and causal network analysis. We observed changes in many transcription factors and microRNAs that are involved in angiogenesis; vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration, and phenotypic changes; endothelial cell function; hypoxia; oxidative stress; vessel remodeling; immune responses; and inflammation. These factors and microRNAs play a critical role in the underlying molecular mechanisms in AVF maturation. We also observed epigenetic factors involved in gene regulation associated with these molecular mechanisms. The results of this study indicate the importance of investigating the transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of AVF maturation and maturation failure and targeting factors precipitating early thrombosis and stenosis.
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Chi PL, Cheng CC, Hung CC, Wang MT, Liu HY, Ke MW, Shen MC, Lin KC, Kuo SH, Hsieh PP, Wann SR, Huang WC. MMP-10 from M1 macrophages promotes pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:331-348. [PMID: 34975336 PMCID: PMC8692144 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by muscularized pulmonary blood vessels, leading to right heart hypertrophy and cardiac failure. However, state-of-the-art therapeutics fail to target the ongoing remodeling process. Here, this study shows that matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1 and MMP-10 levels are increased in the medial layer of vessel wall, serum, and M1-polarized macrophages from patients with PAH and the lungs of monocrotaline- and hypoxia-induced PAH rodent models. MMP-10 regulates the malignant phenotype of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). The overexpression of active MMP-10 promotes PASMC proliferation and migration via upregulation of cyclin D1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, suggesting that MMP-10 produced by infiltrating macrophages contributes to vascular remodeling. Furthermore, inhibition of STAT1 inhibits hypoxia-induced MMP-10 but not MMP-1 expression in M1-polarized macrophages from patients with PAH. In conclusion, circulating MMP-10 could be used as a potential targeted therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Ling Chi
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Hung
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Tzu Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Yueh Liu
- Bachelor Degree Program in Animal Healthcare, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Ke
- The Agricultural College, Tunghai University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Ci Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Chang Lin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Kuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Pen Hsieh
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-yi, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Ren Wann
- Pingtung Branch, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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4
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Xu F, Wang H, Tian J, Xu H. Down-Regulation of ID2-AS1 Alleviates the Neuronal Injury Induced by 1-Methy1-4-Phenylpyridinium in Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y Cells Through Regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 Axis. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2192-2203. [PMID: 34050453 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to illustrate the roles and molecular mechanisms of ID2-AS1 in parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: qRT-PCR detected the expression of ID2-AS1. CCK-8, LDH release assays the effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on PD cells. Flow cytometry and Western Blot were used to detect the effect of ID2-AS1 inhibition on PD cell apoptosis. ELISA analysis showed that ID2-AS1 inhibition can reduce the inflammation of PD cells. ROS activity assay showed that inhibiting ID2-AS1 attenuated the oxidative stress induced by 1-methy1-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+). RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay showed that ID2-AS1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm. The luciferase reporter assay is used to verify the interaction. In our study, ID2-AS1 was concentration-dependently and time-dependently up-regulated in MPP+ -treated human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. ID2-AS1 knockdown enhanced cell proliferation and decreased cell death in PD cells. Knockdown of ID2-AS1 attenuates MPP+ -induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. ID2-AS1 is a sponge of miR-199a-5p. IFNAR1 is a target of miR-199a-5p. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+ triggered neuronal injury. Inhibition of miR-199a-5p and overexpression of IFNAR1 alleviate the inhibitory effect of ID2-AS1 knockdown on MPP+ -triggered JAK2/STAT1 activation. Overall, down-regulation of ID2-AS1 alleviated the neuronal injury in PD through regulating miR-199a-5p/IFNAR1/JAK2/STAT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Xu
- Department of Neurology, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, 252000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ju Tian
- Department of Functional Inspection, Qingdao 8th People's Hospital, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 473 Han Zheng street Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Chen Y, Fu H, Zhang Y, Chen P. Transmembrane and Ubiquitin-Like Domain Containing 1 Protein (TMUB1) Negatively Regulates Hepatocellular Carcinoma Proliferation via Regulating Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1 (STAT1). Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9471-9482. [PMID: 31827061 PMCID: PMC6927239 DOI: 10.12659/msm.920319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy, but the pathogenesis of HCC is unclear. TMUB1 has an inhibitory effect on normal hepatocytes, but its role in HCC has not been reported. Material/Methods We used immunohistochemistry to observe the expression of transmembrane and ubiquitin-like domain containing 1 protein (TMUB1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) in 132 HCC tissue specimens. The expression of TMUB1, STAT1, and CCND1 in HCC cells were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays were used for detecting HCC cells proliferation, and Transwell assays were used for observing the invasion and migration of HCC cells. Results TMUB1 was negatively correlated with HCC pathological malignancy; low expression of TMUB1 indicated poor prognosis. TMUB1 inhibited proliferation but not metastasis in HCC cells. TMUB1 expression was positively correlated with STAT1 in 132 HCC tissues, TMUB1 promoted the expression of STAT1, and suppressed the expression of CCND1 in HCC cells. Conclusions TMUB1 negatively regulates hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation via regulating STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The 958th Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Hangwei Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yida Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Plens-Galaska M, Szelag M, Collado A, Marques P, Vallejo S, Ramos-González M, Wesoly J, Sanz MJ, Peiró C, Bluyssen HAR. Genome-Wide Inhibition of Pro-atherogenic Gene Expression by Multi-STAT Targeting Compounds as a Novel Treatment Strategy of CVDs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2141. [PMID: 30283459 PMCID: PMC6156247 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis, are globally the leading cause of death. Key factors contributing to onset and progression of atherosclerosis include the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interferon (IFN)α and IFNγ and the Pattern Recognition Receptor (PRR) Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Together, they trigger activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)s. Searches for compounds targeting the pTyr-SH2 interaction area of STAT3, yielded many small molecules, including STATTIC and STX-0119. However, many of these inhibitors do not seem STAT3-specific. We hypothesized that multi-STAT-inhibitors that simultaneously block STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 activity and pro-inflammatory target gene expression may be a promising strategy to treat CVDs. Using comparative in silico docking of multiple STAT-SH2 models on multi-million compound libraries, we identified the novel multi-STAT inhibitor, C01L_F03. This compound targets the SH2 domain of STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 with the same affinity and simultaneously blocks their activity and expression of multiple STAT-target genes in HMECs in response to IFNα. The same in silico and in vitro multi-STAT inhibiting capacity was shown for STATTIC and STX-0119. Moreover, C01L_F03, STATTIC and STX-0119 were also able to affect genome-wide interactions between IFNγ and TLR4 by commonly inhibiting pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic gene expression directed by cooperative involvement of STATs with IRFs and/or NF-κB. Moreover, we observed that multi-STAT inhibitors could be used to inhibit IFNγ+LPS-induced HMECs migration, leukocyte adhesion to ECs as well as impairment of mesenteric artery contractility. Together, this implicates that application of a multi-STAT inhibitory strategy could provide great promise for the treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Plens-Galaska
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Szelag
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aida Collado
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patrice Marques
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Vallejo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariella Ramos-González
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joanna Wesoly
- Laboratory of High Throughput Technologies, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - María Jesus Sanz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.,Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, University Clinic Hospital of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Concepción Peiró
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hans A R Bluyssen
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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7
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Zhang Y, Jin G, Zhang J, Mi R, Zhou Y, Fan W, Cheng S, Song W, Zhang B, Ma M, Liu F. Overexpression of STAT1 suppresses angiogenesis under hypoxia by regulating VEGF‑A in human glioma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:566-575. [PMID: 29800921 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is common in Glioblastoma (GBM). By regulating the 'hypoxia signaling cascade', hypoxia affects several processes including cell proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Some studies have revealed that signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), including STAT1, is abnormal under hypoxia in several cancers. Here, we investigated the role of STAT1 under hypoxia in glioma progression. We found that STAT1 was downregulated under a hypoxic condition in U251 and U373. STAT1 overexpression can not only decrease proliferation, migration and invasion in U251 and U373 but also inhibit tube formation of HBMECs. Moreover, overexpression of STAT1 decreased tumor growth and prolonged the overall survival of xenograft mice. We also showed that STAT1 overexpression inhibited the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A. Our work suggests that STAT1 plays a pivotal role as a tumor suppressor in glioma under hypoxia, and it could be a potential new therapeutic target in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Guishan Jin
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Ruifang Mi
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yiqiang Zhou
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wenhua Fan
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Sen Cheng
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wenjie Song
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Mengjiao Ma
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Targeted inhibition of STATs and IRFs as a potential treatment strategy in cardiovascular disease. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48788-48812. [PMID: 27166190 PMCID: PMC5217051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Key factors contributing to early stages of atherosclerosis and plaque development include the pro-inflammatory cytokines Interferon (IFN)α, IFNγ and Interleukin (IL)-6 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimuli. Together, they trigger activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) and Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF) families. In particular, STAT1, 2 and 3; IRF1 and 8 have recently been recognized as prominent modulators of inflammation, especially in immune and vascular cells during atherosclerosis. Moreover, inflammation-mediated activation of these STATs and IRFs coordinates a platform for synergistic amplification leading to pro-atherogenic responses. Searches for STAT3-targeting compounds, exploring the pTyr-SH2 interaction area of STAT3, yielded many small molecules including natural products. Only a few inhibitors for other STATs, but none for IRFs, are described. Promising results for several STAT3 inhibitors in recent clinical trials predicts STAT3-inhibiting strategies may find their way to the clinic. However, many of these inhibitors do not seem STAT-specific, display toxicity and are not very potent. This illustrates the need for better models, and screening and validation tools for novel STAT and IRF inhibitors. This review presents a summary of these findings. It postulates STAT1, STAT2 and STAT3 and IRF1 and IRF8 as interesting therapeutic targets and targeted inhibition could be a potential treatment strategy in CVDs. In addition, it proposes a pipeline approach that combines comparative in silico docking of STAT-SH2 and IRF-DBD models with in vitro STAT and IRF activation inhibition validation, as a novel tool to screen multi-million compound libraries and identify specific inhibitors for STATs and IRFs.
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Yan W, Li D, Zhou X. Pravastatin attenuates the action of the ETS domain-containing protein ELK1 to prevent atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice via modulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signal pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 44:344-352. [PMID: 27998006 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in atherosclerosis, a vascular disease with high morbidity and mortality. The ETS domain-containing protein ELK1 is an oxidative stress-sensitive factor modulated by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway. However, the role of ELK1 in the prevention of atherosclerosis by pravastatin remains unclear. In the present study, male apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-/- ) mice fed a diet containing 1.25% cholesterol (w/w) were divided into two groups, one treated with pravastatin (80 mg/kg, 2-2.4 mg/mouse per day) for 8 weeks and the other not. Male C57BL/6J mice fed with a normal diet were used as a control group. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultured and treated with pravastatin (10 μmol/L) for 18 hours before testing for the presence or absence of 100 μmol/L H2 O2 (24 hours). Examination of pathological sections from mice aortas revealed that pravastatin treatment almost prevented atherosclerotic plaque formation. Pravastatin also inhibited increases in serum and aortic levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and aortic malondialdehyde levels and decreases in aortic reduced glutathione, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. H2 O2 -induced increases in reactive oxygen species in HUVECs were reversed by pravastatin by 48%. Pravastatin blocked the phosphorylation of ELK1 and ERK1/2 proteins and reduced mRNA levels of early growth response 1, a known atherogenic transcription factor upregulated by the ROS/ERK/ELK1 pathway, in mice. In conclusion, pravastatin attenuates the action of ELK1 induced by oxidative stress to prevent atherosclerosis, which is dependent partly on modulation of ERK1/2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Zhou L, Wang N, Li H, Tong G, Yang J, Lai L, Pan H, Ye X, Huang J. SOCS1 gene promoter methylation status is associated with in-stent restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. Oncotarget 2017; 8:56959-56967. [PMID: 28915645 PMCID: PMC5593616 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is involved in the development of In-stent restenosis (ISR) after percutaneous coronary intervention. We aimed to investigate the association between of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1), a major negative regulator for inflammation, and the occurrence of ISR in Chinese patients. Methods We enrolled patients with coronary artery disease who underwent PCI with stenting. PCI procedures were performed successfully and a follow-up angiography was repeated 1 year later to determine ISR presence. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used for SOCS1 methylation status determination. Results There are a total of 187 patients had SOCS1 methylation while there are 275 had no methylated SOCS1. Patients with SOCS1 methylation have a higher inflammatory status. Of note, patients with SOCS1 methylation had a significantly lower SOCS1 mRNA levels compared to those without. Patients with ISR tend to have a significantly higher percentage of SOCS1 gene methylation (P<0.001). We next conducted the Binary logistic regression analyses to determine the correlation of SOCS1 with ISR, using demographic and clinical characteristics. Our data show that SOCS1 methylation is the only factors which are closely associated with ISR incidence. Patients with SOCS1 methylation are 5 times more likely to have ISR after successful PCI as opposed to those without SOCS1 methylation (P<0.001). Conclusion Our data suggest that blood SOCS1 gene promoter methylation status is closely associated with ISR occurrence, thus may be used as a marker to predict ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Ningfu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Guoxin Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Lei Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Hao Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Xianhua Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Hangzhou Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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11
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Dutzmann J, Daniel JM, Bauersachs J, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Sedding DG. Emerging translational approaches to target STAT3 signalling and its impact on vascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 106:365-74. [PMID: 25784694 PMCID: PMC4431663 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic inflammation responses characterize the vascular remodelling processes in atherosclerosis, restenosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and angiogenesis. The functional and phenotypic changes in diverse vascular cell types are mediated by complex signalling cascades that initiate and control genetic reprogramming. The signalling molecule's signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a key role in the initiation and continuation of these pathophysiological changes. This review highlights the pivotal involvement of STAT3 in pathological vascular remodelling processes and discusses potential translational therapies, which target STAT3 signalling, to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, current clinical trials using highly effective and selective inhibitors of STAT3 signalling for distinct diseases, such as myelofibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, are discussed with regard to their vascular (side-) effects and their potential to pave the way for a direct use of these molecules for the prevention or treatment of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Dutzmann
- Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Jan-Marcus Daniel
- Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Denise Hilfiker-Kleiner
- Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
| | - Daniel G Sedding
- Vascular Remodeling and Regeneration Group, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
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Abstract
In cardiac and many other systems, chronic stress activates avfamily of structurally and functionally conserved receptors and their downstream signaling molecules that entail tyrosine, serine or threonine phosphorylation to transfer the messages to the genetic machinery. However, the activation of the Janus kinases (JAKs) and their downstream signal transducer and activator of transcription (STATs) proteins is both characteristic of and unique to cytokine and growth factor signaling which plays a central role in heart physiology. Dysregulation of JAK-STAT signaling is associated with various cardiovascular diseases. The molecular signaling and specificity of the JAK-STAT pathway are modulated at many levels by distinct regulatory proteins. Here, we review recent studies on the regulation of the STAT signaling pathway that will enhance our ability to design rational therapeutic strategies for stress-induced heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kishore
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute; Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago, IL USA
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Liu Z, Gan L, Yang X, Zhang Z, Sun C. Hydrodynamic tail vein injection of SOCS3 eukaryotic expression vector in vivo promoted liver lipid metabolism and hepatocyte apoptosis in mouse. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:119-25. [DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), a signal transduction cytokine, is involved in lipid metabolism as well as in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and so on. To explore the effects of SOCS3 on apoptosis and lipid metabolism in liver, we used a simple effective method named hydrodynamic tail vein injection to overexpress SOCS3. Then orbital blood was obtained for the assessment of blood lipid after injection. Lipid metabolism related genes were detected by Western blot after the determination of serum lipids. Meanwhile, liver cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst and TUNEL staining and the expression of apoptosis related proteins Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase3 were detected as well as the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. In addition, we also demonstrated the effect of SOCS3 in prime hepatocyte by overexpression or interference of SOCS3 along with SD1008, which is a specific inhibitor of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Taken together, all the results indicated that SOCS3 promoted lipid synthesis in mice liver and promoted hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, however the detailed regulation mechanism had not yet been fully understood and needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
| | - Lu Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100. China
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A quinazoline-derivative compound with PARP inhibitory effect suppresses hypertension-induced vascular alterations in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:935-44. [PMID: 24657811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress and neurohumoral factors play important role in the development of hypertension-induced vascular remodeling, likely by disregulating kinase cascades and transcription factors. Oxidative stress activates poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase (PARP-1), which promotes inflammation and cell death. We assumed that inhibition of PARP-1 reduces the hypertension-induced adverse vascular changes. This hypothesis was tested in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS AND RESULTS Ten-week-old male SHRs and wild-type rats received or not 5mg/kg/day L-2286 (a water-soluble PARP-inhibitor) for 32 weeks, then morphological and functional parameters were determined in their aortas. L-2286 did not affect the blood pressure in any of the animal groups measured with tail-cuff method. Arterial stiffness index increased in untreated SHRs compared to untreated Wistar rats, which was attenuated by L-2286 treatment. Electron and light microscopy of aortas showed prominent collagen deposition, elevation of oxidative stress markers and increased PARP activity in SHR, which were attenuated by PARP-inhibition. L-2286 treatment decreased also the hypertension-activated mitochondrial cell death pathway, characterized by the nuclear translocation of AIF. Hypertension activated all three branches of MAP-kinases. L-2286 attenuated these changes by inducing the expression of MAPK phosphatase-1 and by activating the cytoprotective PI-3-kinase/Akt pathway. Hypertension activated nuclear factor-kappaB, which was prevented by PARP-inhibition via activating its nuclear export. CONCLUSION PARP-inhibition has significant vasoprotective effects against hypertension-induced vascular remodeling. Therefore, PARP-1 can be a novel therapeutic drug target for preventing hypertension-induced vascular remodeling in a group of patients, in whom lowering the blood pressure to optimal range is harmful or causes intolerable side effects.
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15
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Chen D, Liu J, Rui B, Gao M, Zhao N, Sun S, Bi A, Yang T, Guo Y, Yin Z, Luo L. GSTpi protects against angiotensin II-induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells by preventing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:454-63. [PMID: 24321768 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II)-elicited excessive proliferation, hypertrophy and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are vital to the pathogenesis of atheroclerosis. Glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTpi) exists extensively in various kinds of cells and protects cells against different stresses. However, knowledge remains limited about what GSTpi acts in VSMCs. We investigated the effect of GSTpi on Ang II-induced VSMC proliferation, hypertrophy and migration and its latent mechanism. Overexpression and RNAi experiments demonstrated that GSTpi inhibited Ang II-induced proliferation, hypertrophy and migration of VSMCs and arrested progression of cell cycle from G0/G1 to S phase. Immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy analyses showed that GSTpi directly associated with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to prevent Ang II-triggered binding of Src to STAT3 and thus suppressed Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT3, as well as cyclin D1 expression. In contrast, GSTpi didn't affect Ang II-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2). GSTpi acts as a negative regulator to prevent Ang II-triggered proliferative signaling in VSMCs, suggesting that it may protect vessels against the stresses associated with atherosclerosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Rui
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Ningwei Zhao
- School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, No. 21, Roslagstullsbacken, Stockholm SE-10691, Sweden
| | - Shuai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingtao Guo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Yin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medicine Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210097, People's Republic of China.
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Huang YH, Wu MP, Pan SC, Su WC, Chen YW, Wu LW. STAT1 activation by venous malformations mutant Tie2-R849W antagonizes VEGF-A-mediated angiogenic response partly via reduced bFGF production. Angiogenesis 2012; 16:207-22. [PMID: 23086340 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-012-9313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A missense mutation from arginine to tryptophan at residue 849 in the kinase domain of Tie2 (Tie2-R849W) is commonly identified in familial venous malformations. The mechanistic action of Tie2-R849W variant expression on angiogenic cascades including smooth muscle cell recruitment, however, remains elusive. To avoid confounding factors from endogenous Tie2 expression, Tie2-depleted endothelial cells (ECs) were used to study the effects of ectopic shRNA-resistant Tie2 variant expression, Tie2-WT* and Tie2-R849W*, on vascular cell proliferation, migration, tube formation, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) recruitment. Tie2-R849W* induced STAT1 phosphorylation at Tyr701. Tie2-R849W*-expressing cells had reduced ability to migrate and form tubes on Matrigel than their wildtype counterparts. STAT1 phosphorylation attenuated VEGF-A-induced STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation in Tie2-R849W*-expressing HUVECs. The induced STAT1 activation also decreased VEGF-A-induced bFGF mRNA expression by competing with activated STAT3 for a direct binding to the consensus STAT-binding site at positions -997 to -989 bp from transcription start site in the bFGF promoter. Depleting STAT1 expression rescued the inability of Tie2-R849W expression to mediate angiogenesis. Moreover, bFGF neutralization or constitutive STAT1 activation, reminiscence of Tie2-R849W* expression, suppressed the smooth muscle cell recruiting ability of endothelial conditioned medium. This work reveals an anti-angiogenic role of STAT1 activation that acts in Tie2-R849W-expressing ECs to impair VEGF-A-mediated STAT3 signaling, bFGF production, and smooth muscle cell recruitment. A balancing activity of STAT1 and STAT3 may be important for Tie2-mediated vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsien Huang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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17
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Goettsch C, Kliemt S, Sinningen K, von Bergen M, Hofbauer LC, Kalkhof S. Quantitative proteomics reveals novel functions of osteoclast-associated receptor in STAT signaling and cell adhesion in human endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 53:829-37. [PMID: 22985931 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate a novel role for the osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) in oxidative stress-mediated atherogenesis. However, the functional role of OSCAR in endothelial cells is unknown. Here we characterized OSCAR signaling in human endothelial cells using a proteomic approach. OSCAR was either overexpressed or silenced, and the functional effects were assessed by an in-depth proteomic study using stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Reduction of complexity using subcellular protein fractions from the membrane, the cytosol, and the nucleus of human endothelial cells enabled the detection of 4975 unique proteins. Of these proteins, OSCAR overexpression regulated 145 and OSCAR silencing regulated 110. These proteins were mainly involved in cellular proliferation, inflammatory response and cell-to-cell signaling. Interestingly, OSCAR modulation reciprocally regulated signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and 3 (STAT3). Thus, STAT1 and several interferon-induced proteins showed a clear inverse correlation to OSCAR expression, which was further verified by Western blot analysis. In contrast, it was found that OSCAR overexpression activated STAT3. Furthermore, OSCAR overexpression increased proteins involved in cell adhesion, which correlated with an increased adhesion of monocytes to the endothelium after OSCAR overexpression. In conclusion, using a comprehensive proteomic approach, endothelial cell-derived OSCAR was found to be involved in the STAT signaling pathway and to affect monocyte adhesion. This indicates a novel role of OSCAR in the vascular-immune cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Goettsch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Bone Diseases, Dresden Technical University Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
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18
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Expression and activation of STAT family proteins in cerebral arteriovenous malformations. World Neurosurg 2011; 78:487-97. [PMID: 22381273 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2011.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) do not seem to be static congenital vascular malformations but rather are dynamically changing pathologies. In this work, we investigated the expression and possible activation of different signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family members in AVM nidus. METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted on 25 AVM specimens from 24 patients using antibodies against STATs 1, 3, 5, and 6 as well as their phosphorylated forms. Analysis was also undertaken to determine if there is any correlation between STAT activation and different clinical parameters of AVM patients. RESULTS Our studies revealed that both STATs 1 and 3 were highly expressed in cerebral AVM, mainly in the endothelium of AVM blood vessels and perivascular infiltrating inflammatory cells within the nidus. STAT3 showed the most intense level of expression within the endothelium and perivascular infiltrating inflammatory cells. It was intensely expressed in the endothelium of 25 (100%) specimens and in the infiltrating inflammatory cells of 24 (96%) specimens. The expression of the phospho-STATs 1 and 3 was also high in the endothelium and perivascular infiltrating inflammatory cells indicating activation of STATs 1 and 3 in AVM. We could not find any significant effect of hemorrhage or preoperative embolization, or other clinical parameters, on the activation of STATs 1 and 3 in cerebral AVMs. CONCLUSION We obtained evidence for significant overexpression and activation of both STATs 1 and 3 in cerebral AVM, thus suggesting an important role for these proteins in mediating the pathophysiology of cerebral AVM.
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Meyer NJ, Li M, Feng R, Bradfield J, Gallop R, Bellamy S, Fuchs BD, Lanken PN, Albelda SM, Rushefski M, Aplenc R, Abramova H, Atochina-Vasserman EN, Beers MF, Calfee CS, Cohen MJ, Pittet JF, Christiani DC, O'Keefe GE, Ware LB, May AK, Wurfel MM, Hakonarson H, Christie JD. ANGPT2 genetic variant is associated with trauma-associated acute lung injury and altered plasma angiopoietin-2 isoform ratio. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 183:1344-53. [PMID: 21257790 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201005-0701oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Acute lung injury (ALI) acts as a complex genetic trait, yet its genetic risk factors remain incompletely understood. Large-scale genotyping has not previously been reported for ALI. OBJECTIVES To identify ALI risk variants after major trauma using a large-scale candidate gene approach. METHODS We performed a two-stage genetic association study. We derived findings in an African American cohort (n = 222) using a cardiopulmonary disease-centric 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Genotype and haplotype distributions were compared between subjects with ALI and without ALI, with adjustment for clinical factors. Top performing SNPs (P < 10(-4)) were tested in a multicenter European American trauma-associated ALI case-control population (n = 600 ALI; n = 2,266 population-based control subjects) for replication. The ALI-associated genomic region was sequenced, analyzed for in silico prediction of function, and plasma was assayed by ELISA and immunoblot. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Five SNPs demonstrated a significant association with ALI after adjustment for covariates in Stage I. Two SNPs in ANGPT2 (rs1868554 and rs2442598) replicated their significant association with ALI in Stage II. rs1868554 was robust to multiple comparison correction: odds ratio 1.22 (1.06-1.40), P = 0.0047. Resequencing identified predicted novel splice sites in linkage disequilibrium with rs1868554, and immunoblots showed higher proportion of variant angiopoietin-2 (ANG2) isoform associated with rs1868554T (0.81 vs. 0.48; P = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS An ANGPT2 region is associated with both ALI and variation in plasma angiopoietin-2 isoforms. Characterization of the variant isoform and its genetic regulation may yield important insights about ALI pathogenesis and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuala J Meyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Jerke U, Tkachuk S, Kiyan J, Stepanova V, Kusch A, Hinz M, Dietz R, Haller H, Fuhrman B, Dumler I. Stat1 nuclear translocation by nucleolin upon monocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8302. [PMID: 20011528 PMCID: PMC2788426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) family of transcription factors traverse the nuclear membrane through a specialized structure, called the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which represents a selective filter for the import of proteins. Karyophilic molecules can bind directly to a subset of proteins of the NPC, collectively called nucleoporins. Alternatively, the transport is mediated via a carrier molecule belonging to the importin/karyopherin superfamily, which transmits the import into the nucleus through the NPC. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we provide evidence for an alternative Stat1 nuclear import mechanism, which is mediated by the shuttle protein nucleolin. We observed Stat1-nucleolin association, nuclear translocation and specific binding to the regulatory DNA element GAS. Using expression of nucleolin transgenes, we found that the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of nucleolin is responsible for Stat1 nuclear translocation. We show that this mechanism is utilized upon differentiation of myeloid cells and is specific for the differentiation step from monocytes to macrophages. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data add the nucleolin-Stat1 complex as a novel functional partner for the cell differentiation program, which is uniquely poised to regulate the transcription machinery via Stat1 and nuclear metabolism via nucleolin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Jerke
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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21
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Mack I, BelAiba RS, Djordjevic T, Görlach A, Hauner H, Bader BL. Functional analyses reveal the greater potency of preadipocytes compared with adipocytes as endothelial cell activator under normoxia, hypoxia, and TNFalpha exposure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 297:E735-48. [PMID: 19549791 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.90851.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Immune cells accumulate in white adipose tissue (WAT). The vascular endothelium plays an interactive role in these infiltration and inflammatory processes. Mature and hypertrophic adipocytes are considered as the major adipogenic cell type secreting proinflammatory cytokines in WAT. In contrast, the proinflammatory capacity of preadipocytes and their role in endothelial cell activation have been neglected so far. To gain new insights into this molecular and cellular cross-talk, we examined the proinflammatory expression and secretion of normoxia, hypoxia, and TNFalpha-treated human preadipocytes and adipocytes (SGBS cells) and their impact on human microvascular endothelial cell (HMEC-1) function. In this study, stimulation of HMEC-1 with conditioned media (CM) from preadipocytes increased endothelial ICAM-1 expression and monocyte adhesion but not adipocyte-CM. After hypoxia and TNFalpha stimulation of SGBS cells, adipocyte-CM induced and preadipocyte-CM enhanced the monocyte adhesion. Concordantly, the expression of proinflammatory adipokines was considerably higher in preadipocytes than in adipocytes. SGBS-CM upregulated the phosphorylation of three MAPK pathways, STAT1/3, and c-Jun in HMEC-1, whereas the NF-kappaB pathway was not affected. Inhibitor experiments showed that monocyte/endothelial cell-cell adhesion and endothelial ICAM-1 expression was JNK and JAK-1/STAT1/3 pathway dependent and revealed IL-6 as a major mediator in CM increasing monocyte/endothelial cell-cell adhesion via the STAT1/3 pathway. Our study shows that preadipocytes rather than adipocytes operate as potent activators of endothelial cells. This can be enhanced in preadipocytes and induced in adipocytes by TNFalpha and hypoxia in a manner similar to what may occur in WAT in the etiology of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Mack
- Dept. of Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius-Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85350 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany
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22
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Kusch A, Tkachuk S, Tkachuk N, Patecki M, Park JK, Dietz R, Haller H, Dumler I. The tight junction protein ZO-2 mediates proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells via regulation of Stat1. Cardiovasc Res 2009; 83:115-22. [PMID: 19380416 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvp117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Recent evidence suggests that the zonula occludens protein 2 (ZO-2) might have additional cellular functions, beyond regulation of paracellular permeability of epithelial and endothelial cells. Deregulation of ZO-2 in response to ischaemia, hypertensive stress, and vascular injury implies its involvement in cardiovascular disorders, most likely via regulating the functional behaviour of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, a role of ZO-2 in VSMC biology has yet to be established. Our study was designed to understand the specific functions of ZO-2 in human VSMC. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of ZO-2 and Stat1 upon vascular injury was studied using ex vivo organ culture of coronary arteries combined with immunohistochemistry. ZO-2 silencing in human primary VSMC was achieved by means of lentiviral gene transfer. Cell proliferation was assessed by analysing DNA synthesis and by cell counting. Stat1 expression was examined using immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, TaqMan, and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Functional relevance of Stat1 up-regulation was studied using a Stat1 promoter-luciferase reporter assay and intracellular microinjections of a Stat1 specific antibody. ZO-2 was highly expressed in the media and neointima of dilated but not of control arteries, whereas expression of the transcription factor Stat1 was inversely regulated upon injury. Analysis of VSMC with down-regulated ZO-2 revealed increased expression of Stat1 in these cells, whereas Stat1 phosphorylation was not affected. Stat1 up-regulation in VSMC with ZO-2 silencing resulted in a coordinate activation of Stat1-specific genes and consequently led to inhibition of cell proliferation. This effect was restored by microinjection of a Stat1 neutralising antibody. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the tight junction protein ZO-2 is involved in regulation of VSMC growth control upon vascular injury that is mediated by the transcription factor Stat1. Our findings point to a novel function of ZO-2 in VSMC and implicate ZO-2 as a novel important molecular target in pathological states of vascular remodelling in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Kusch
- Medical Faculty of the Charité, Franz Volhard Klinik/Experimental and Clinical Research Center-ECRC, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhou X, Li D, Yan W, Li W. Pravastatin prevents aortic atherosclerosis via modulation of signal transduction and activation of transcription 3 (STAT3) to attenuate interleukin-6 (IL-6) action in ApoE knockout mice. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:2253-2264. [PMID: 19330073 PMCID: PMC2635628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether pravastatin’s prevention of aortic atherosclerosis via attenuation of IL-6 action depends on modulation of STAT3 activity. Male apoE knockout (apoE-/-) mice fed on a diet containing 1.25% cholesterol (wt/wt) were divided into pravastatin group provided with pravastatin (80 mg kg-1 per day) and atherosclerosis group. After eight weeks, pravastatin significantly prevented atherosclerotic lesion and reduced levels of IL-6 in serum and lesion, and significantly decreased expressions of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) and increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expressions in lesions. Our results suggested that pravastatin’s aortic atherosclerosis preventing action via attenuation of IL-6 action may partially depend on modulation of STAT3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Str, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China. E-Mails:
(X. Z.);
(W. Y.)
| | - Dan Li
- Eye hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Str, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China. E-Mail:
(D. L.)
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Str, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China. E-Mails:
(X. Z.);
(W. Y.)
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 Youzheng Str, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, P.R. China. E-Mails:
(X. Z.);
(W. Y.)
- * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel. +86-13804601998; Fax: +86-0451-86890380
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Abstract
The hyper IgE syndromes (HIES) are rare primary immune deficiencies characterized by elevated serum IgE, rash, and recurrent bacterial infections of the skin and lung. Autosomal dominant HIES, the most common disease in this group, results from STAT3 mutations and has a variety of connective tissue and skeletal abnormalities. The genetic etiologies of the more rare autosomal recessive forms still need delineation. Treatment of these syndromes has relied on prophylactic and therapeutic antimicrobial agents and aggressive skin care. The new and evolving genetic and immunologic understandings of this previously elusive set of diseases should lead to more effective disease-specific therapies.
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Wincewicz A, Koda M, Sulkowska M, Kanczuga-Koda L, Sulkowski S. Comparison of STAT3 with HIF-1alpha, Ob and ObR expressions in human endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Tissue Cell 2008; 40:405-10. [PMID: 18579174 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2008.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) maintained invasiveness of endometrial cancer cell line. STAT3 mediated signaling for oncogenic growth stimulated by leptin (Ob) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Therefore, we studied STAT3 in relation with HIF-1alpha, Ob, leptin receptor (ObR) and clinical and pathological variables with immunohistochemistry in 48 human endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Nuclear location was a proof of activity of STAT3 and HIF-1 and it was mainly characteristic for granular anti-STAT3 staining and rarely for diffuse HIF-1alpha expression. HIF-1alpha, Ob and ObR presented cytoplasmic granular immunoreactivities. Positive staining for STAT3, HIF-1, Ob and ObR occurred in 75%, 79%, 60% and 31% of cancers, respectively. Anti-STAT3 staining did not significantly vary with grading, staging and patients' age. STAT3 correlated with Ob (p=0.048, r=0.290) and with HIF-1alpha (p=0.004, r=0.407) in all cancers but it failed to associate with ObR at all. In opposition to the absence of significant relationship between STAT3 and Ob, STAT3 correlated with HIF-1alpha in well differentiated cancers (G1), poorly differentiated tumors (G3), pT1b neoplasms, compound group of pT1c, pT2a, pT2b tumors, and older patients over their sixties. STAT3 mediated signaling pathways that engage leptin and HIF-1alpha could only be partially reflected in correlations between STAT3 and Ob or STAT3 and HIF-1alpha in the examined neoplasms. Nevertheless, STAT3 failed to mark cancer advancement, so progressive significance of STAT3 is questionable in endometrioid adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wincewicz
- Departments of Clinical and General Pathomorphology, Collegium Pathologicum, Medical University of Bialystok, Collegium Pathologicum, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona St 13, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland.
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Abstract
The process of blood vessel proliferation, known as angiogenesis, is essential during embryonic development and organogenesis. In adult life, it participates in normal tissue repair, wound healing, and cyclical growth of the corpus luteum and the endometrium. Crucial as it is, angiogenesis can become pathological, and abnormal angiogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory and neoplasic diseases. The present review highlights the evidence for the role of angiogenesis in HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) and discusses the increasing importance of inhibitors of angiogenesis in HCC therapy.
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