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Zaręba P, Łątka K, Mazur G, Gryzło B, Pasieka A, Godyń J, Panek D, Skrzypczak-Wiercioch A, Höfner GC, Latacz G, Maj M, Espargaró A, Sabaté R, Jóźwiak K, Wanner KT, Sałat K, Malawska B, Kulig K, Bajda M. Discovery of novel multifunctional ligands targeting GABA transporters, butyrylcholinesterase, β-secretase, and amyloid β aggregation as potential treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115832. [PMID: 37837674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a global health problem in the medical sector that will increase over time. The limited treatment of AD leads to the search for a new clinical candidate. Considering the multifactorial nature of AD, a strategy targeting number of regulatory proteins involved in the development of the disease is an effective approach. Here, we present a discovery of new multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), purposely designed as GABA transporter (GAT) inhibitors, that successfully provide the inhibitory activity against butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase (BACE1), amyloid β aggregation and calcium channel blockade activity. The selected GAT inhibitors, 19c and 22a - N-benzylamide derivatives of 4-aminobutyric acid, displayed the most prominent multifunctional profile. Compound 19c (mGAT1 IC50 = 10 μM, mGAT4 IC50 = 12 μM and BuChE IC50 = 559 nM) possessed the highest hBACE1 and Aβ40 aggregation inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.57 μM and 99 % at 10 μM, respectively). Additionally, it showed a decrease in both the elongation and nucleation constants of the amyloid aggregation process. In contrast compound 22a represented the highest activity and a mixed-type of eqBuChE inhibition (IC50 = 173 nM) with hBACE1 (IC50 = 9.42 μM), Aβ aggregation (79 % at 10 μM) and mGATs (mGAT1 IC50 = 30 μM, mGAT4 IC50 = 25 μM) inhibitory activity. Performed molecular docking studies described the mode of interactions with GATs and enzymatic targets. In ADMET in vitro studies both compounds showed acceptable metabolic stability and low neurotoxicity. Successfully, compounds 19c and 22a at the dose of 30 mg/kg possessed statistically significant antiamnesic properties in a mouse model of amnesia caused by scopolamine and assessed in the novel object recognition (NOR) task or the passive avoidance (PA) task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zaręba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Łątka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Mazur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Gryzło
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Pasieka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Godyń
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Panek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Skrzypczak-Wiercioch
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Mickiewicz 24/28 St., 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Georg C Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr., 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodzki 4a St., 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Alba Espargaró
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raimon Sabaté
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical-Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Av Joan XXIII, S/N, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, W. Chodzki 4a St., 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr., 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulig
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
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Ackermann TM, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Screening for New Inhibitors of Glycine Transporter 1 and 2 by Means of MS Binding Assays. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3094-3104. [PMID: 34174033 PMCID: PMC8518836 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward screening of a compound library comprising 2439 substances for the identification of new inhibitors for the neurotransmitter transporters GlyT1 and GlyT2 is described. Screening and full-scale competition experiments were performed using recently developed GlyT1 and GlyT2 MS Binding Assays. That way for both targets, GlyT1 and GlyT2, ligands were identified, which exhibited affinities (pKi values) in the low micromolar to sub-micromolar range. The majority of these binders exhibit new chemical scaffolds in the class of GlyT1 and GlyT2 inhibitors, which could be of interest for the development of new ligands with improved affinities for the target proteins. Additionally, compounds with excellent fluorescent properties were found for GlyT2, which renders them promising compounds for future fluorescence-based techniques. All in all, this study demonstrates that MS Binding Assays represent a powerful technology platform also well suited for the screening of compound libraries in a highly reliable and effective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Ackermann
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy – Center for Drug ResearchLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MunichButenandtstraße 781377MunichGermany
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3
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Zaręba P, Sałat K, Höfner GC, Łątka K, Bajda M, Latacz G, Kotniewicz K, Rapacz A, Podkowa A, Maj M, Jóźwiak K, Filipek B, Wanner KT, Malawska B, Kulig K. Development of tricyclic N-benzyl-4-hydroxybutanamide derivatives as inhibitors of GABA transporters mGAT1-4 with anticonvulsant, antinociceptive, and antidepressant activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113512. [PMID: 34015586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmission has a significant impact on the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Numerous studies have indicated that inhibitors of the GABA transporters mGAT1-4 offer a promising strategy for the treatment of several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and depression. Following our previous results, herein, we report the synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship studies supported by molecular docking and molecular dynamics of a new series of N-benzyl-4-hydroxybutanamide derivatives regarding their inhibitory potency toward mGAT1-4. This study allowed us to identify compound 23a (N-benzyl-4-hydroxybutanamide bearing a dibenzocycloheptatriene moiety), a nonselective GAT inhibitor with a slight preference toward mGAT4 (pIC50 = 5.02 ± 0.11), and compound 24e (4-hydroxy-N-[(4-methylphenyl)-methyl]butanamide bearing a dibenzocycloheptadiene moiety) with relatively high inhibitory activity toward mGAT2 (pIC50 = 5.34 ± 0.09). In a set of in vivo experiments, compound 24e successively showed predominant anticonvulsant activity and antinociception in the formalin model of tonic pain. In contrast, compound 23a showed significant antidepressant-like properties in mice. These results were consistent with the available literature data, which indicates that, apart from seizure control, GABAergic neurotransmission is also involved in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases, however alternative mechanisms underlying this action cannot be excluded. Finally, it is worth noting that the selected compounds showed unimpaired locomotor skills that have been indicated to give reliable results in behavioral assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Zaręba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Kinga Sałat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Georg C Höfner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Kamil Łątka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kotniewicz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adrian Podkowa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Maj
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, ul. W. Chodzki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Filipek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstr, 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Malawska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kulig
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Bhagat K, Singh JV, Pagare PP, Kumar N, Sharma A, Kaur G, Kinarivala N, Gandu S, Singh H, Sharma S, Bedi PMS. Rational approaches for the design of various GABA modulators and their clinical progression. Mol Divers 2021; 25:551-601. [PMID: 32170466 PMCID: PMC8422677 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) is an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Attenuation of GABAergic neurotransmission plays an important role in the etiology of several neurological disorders including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's chorea, migraine, Parkinson's disease, neuropathic pain, and depression. Increase in the GABAergic activity may be achieved through direct agonism at the GABAA receptors, inhibition of enzymatic breakdown of GABA, or by inhibition of the GABA transport proteins (GATs). These functionalities make GABA receptor modulators and GATs attractive drug targets in brain disorders associated with decreased GABA activity. There have been several reports of development of GABA modulators (GABA receptors, GABA transporters, and GABAergic enzyme inhibitors) in the past decade. Therefore, the focus of the present review is to provide an overview on various design strategies and synthetic approaches toward developing GABA modulators. Furthermore, mechanistic insights, structure-activity relationships, and molecular modeling inputs for the biologically active derivatives have also been discussed. Summary of the advances made over the past few years in the clinical translation and development of GABA receptor modulators is also provided. This compilation will be of great interest to the researchers working in the field of neuroscience. From the light of detailed literature, it can be concluded that numerous molecules have displayed significant results and their promising potential, clearly placing them ahead as potential future drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Jatinder V Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Piyusha P Pagare
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23219, USA
| | - Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Gurinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India
| | - Nihar Kinarivala
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Srinivasa Gandu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Cell and Development Biology Graduate Program, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Harbinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
| | - Sahil Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
- Program in Chemical Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Preet Mohinder S Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, PB, 143005, India.
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5
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Łątka K, Jończyk J, Bajda M. γ-Aminobutyric acid transporters as relevant biological target: Their function, structure, inhibitors and role in the therapy of different diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 158:S0141-8130(20)32987-1. [PMID: 32360967 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the nervous system. It plays a crucial role in many physiological processes. Upon release from the presynaptic element, it is removed from the synaptic cleft by reuptake due to the action of GABA transporters (GATs). GATs belong to a large SLC6 protein family whose characteristic feature is sodium-dependent relocation of neurotransmitters through the cell membrane. GABA transporters are characterized in many contexts, but their spatial structure is not fully known. They are divided into four types, which differ in occurrence and role. Herein, the special attention was paid to these transporting proteins. This comprehensive review presents the current knowledge about GABA transporters. Their distribution in the body, physiological functions and possible utilization in the therapy of different diseases were fully discussed. The important structural features were described based on published data, including sequence analysis, mutagenesis studies, and comparison with known SLC6 transporters for leucine (LeuT), dopamine (DAT) and serotonin (SERT). Moreover, the most important inhibitors of GABA transporters of various basic scaffolds, diverse selectivity and potency were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Łątka
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Cracow, Medyczna 9, Poland
| | - Jakub Jończyk
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Cracow, Medyczna 9, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, 30-688 Cracow, Medyczna 9, Poland.
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Zaręba P, Gryzło B, Malawska K, Sałat K, Höfner GC, Nowaczyk A, Fijałkowski Ł, Rapacz A, Podkowa A, Furgała A, Żmudzki P, Wanner KT, Malawska B, Kulig K. Novel mouse GABA uptake inhibitors with enhanced inhibitory activity toward mGAT3/4 and their effect on pain threshold in mice. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:111920. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zafar S, Jabeen I. GRID-independent molecular descriptor analysis and molecular docking studies to mimic the binding hypothesis of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter 1 (GAT1) inhibitors. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6283. [PMID: 30723616 PMCID: PMC6360079 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT1 is involved in GABA transport across the biological membrane in and out of the synaptic cleft. The efficiency of this Na+ coupled GABA transport is regulated by an electrochemical gradient, which is directed inward under normal conditions. However, in certain pathophysiological situations, including strong depolarization or an imbalance in ion homeostasis, the GABA influx into the cytoplasm is increased by re-uptake transport mechanism. This mechanism may lead to extra removal of extracellular GABA which results in numerous neurological disorders such as epilepsy. Thus, small molecule inhibitors of GABA re-uptake may enhance GABA activity at the synaptic clefts. Methods In the present study, various GRID-independent molecular descriptor (GRIND) models have been developed to shed light on the 3D structural features of human GAT1 (hGAT1) inhibitors using nipecotic acid and N-diarylalkenyl piperidine analogs. Further, a binding hypothesis has been developed for the selected GAT1 antagonists by molecular docking inside the binding cavity of hGAT1 homology model. Results Our results indicate that two hydrogen bond acceptors, one hydrogen bond donor and one hydrophobic region at certain distances from each other play an important role in achieving high inhibitory potency against hGAT1. Our docking results elucidate the importance of the COOH group in hGAT1 antagonists by considering substitution of the COOH group with an isoxazol ring in compound 37, which subsequently leads to a three order of magnitude decrease in biological activity of 37 (IC50 = 38 µM) as compared to compound 1 (IC50 = 0.040 µM). Discussion Our docking results are strengthened by the structure activity relationship of the data series as well as by GRIND models, thus providing a significant structural basis for understanding the binding of antagonists, which may be useful for guiding the design of hGAT1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Zafar
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Federal, Pakistan
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Crabtree GW, Gogos JA. Role of Endogenous Metabolite Alterations in Neuropsychiatric Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2101-2113. [PMID: 30044078 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential role in neuropsychiatric disease risk arising from alterations and derangements of endogenous small-molecule metabolites remains understudied. Alterations of endogenous metabolite concentrations can arise in multiple ways. Marked derangements of single endogenous small-molecule metabolites are found in a large group of rare genetic human diseases termed "inborn errors of metabolism", many of which are associated with prominent neuropsychiatric symptomology. Whether such metabolites act neuroactively to directly lead to distinct neural dysfunction has been frequently hypothesized but rarely demonstrated unequivocally. Here we discuss this disease concept in the context of our recent findings demonstrating that neural dysfunction arising from accumulation of the schizophrenia-associated metabolite l-proline is due to its structural mimicry of the neurotransmitter GABA that leads to alterations in GABA-ergic short-term synaptic plasticity. For cases in which a similar direct action upon neurotransmitter binding sites is suspected, we lay out a systematic approach that can be extended to assessing the potential disruptive action of such candidate disease metabolites. To address the potentially important and broader role in neuropsychiatric disease, we also consider whether the more subtle yet more ubiquitous variations in endogenous metabolites arising from natural allelic variation may likewise contribute to disease risk but in a more complex and nuanced manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregg W. Crabtree
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, New York 10025, United States
| | - Joseph A. Gogos
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, New York, New York 10025, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
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Jejurkar VP, Khatri CK, Chaturbhuj GU, Saha S. Environmentally Benign, Highly Efficient and Expeditious Solvent-Free Synthesis of Trisubstituted Methanes Catalyzed by Sulfated Polyborate. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valmik P. Jejurkar
- Department of Dyestuff Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai- 400019 India
| | - Chetan K. Khatri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai- 400019 India
| | - Ganesh U. Chaturbhuj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai- 400019 India
| | - Satyajit Saha
- Department of Dyestuff Technology; Institute of Chemical Technology; Mumbai- 400019 India
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10
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Excessive nitrogen application dampens antioxidant capacity and grain filling in wheat as revealed by metabolic and physiological analyses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43363. [PMID: 28233811 PMCID: PMC5324167 DOI: 10.1038/srep43363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was treated with normal (Nn) and excessive (Ne) levels of fertilizer N. Results showed that Ne depressed the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase and increased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was higher under Ne at anthesis and medium milk but similar at the early dough stage and significantly lower at the hard dough stage than that under Nn. The metabolomics analysis of the leaf responses to Ne during grain filling showed 99 metabolites that were different between Ne and Nn treatments, including phenolic and flavonoid compounds, amino acids, organic acids and lipids, which are primarily involved in ROS scavenging, N metabolism, heat stress adaptation and disease resistance. Organic carbon (C) and total N contents were affected by the Ne treatment, with lower C/N ratios developing after medium milk. Ultimately, grain yields decreased with Ne. Based on these data, compared with the normal N fertilizer treatment, we concluded that excessive N application decreased the ability to scavenge ROS, increased lipid peroxidation and caused significant metabolic changes disturbing N metabolism, secondary metabolism and lipid metabolism, which led to reduced grain filling in wheat.
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Wellendorph P, Jacobsen J, Skovgaard-Petersen J, Jurik A, Vogensen SB, Ecker G, Schousboe A, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Clausen RP. γ-Aminobutyric Acid and Glycine Neurotransmitter Transporters. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527679430.ch4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petrine Wellendorph
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Julie Jacobsen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jonas Skovgaard-Petersen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Andreas Jurik
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Stine B. Vogensen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Gerhard Ecker
- University of Vienna; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Arne Schousboe
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Povl Krogsgaard-Larsen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Rasmus P. Clausen
- University of Copenhagen; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology; Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
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Damgaard M, Haugaard AS, Kickinger S, Al-Khawaja A, Lie MEK, Ecker GF, Clausen RP, Frølund B. Development of Non-GAT1-Selective Inhibitors: Challenges and Achievements. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 16:315-332. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55769-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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13
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Wein T, Petrera M, Allmendinger L, Höfner G, Pabel J, Wanner KT. Different Binding Modes of Small and Large Binders of GAT1. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:509-18. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wein
- Department for Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | | | - Lars Allmendinger
- Department for Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department for Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Jörg Pabel
- Department for Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
| | - Klaus T. Wanner
- Department for Pharmacy-Center for Drug Research; Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München; Butenandtstr. 7-13 81377 Munich Germany
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14
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Abstract
We delineate perspectives for the design and discovery of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with fewer side effects by focusing on astroglial modulation of spatiotemporal seizure dynamics. It is now recognized that the major inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), can be released through the reversal of astroglial GABA transporters. Synaptic spillover and subsequent glutamate (Glu) uptake in neighboring astrocytes evoke replacement of extracellular Glu for GABA, driving neurons away from the seizure threshold. Attenuation of synaptic signaling by this negative feedback through the interplay of Glu and GABA transporters of adjacent astroglia can result in shortened seizures. By contrast, long-range activation of astroglia through gap junctions may promote recurrent seizures on the model of pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. From their first detection to our current understanding, we identify various targets that shape both short- and long-range neuro-astroglia coupling, as these are manifest in epilepsy phenomena and in the associated research promotions of AED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Kardos
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szabó
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Héja
- Functional Pharmacology Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Steffan T, Renukappa-Gutke T, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Design, synthesis and SAR studies of GABA uptake inhibitors derived from 2-substituted pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acids. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:1284-306. [PMID: 25698617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we disclose the design and synthesis of a series of 2-substituted pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acid as core structures and the N-arylalkyl derivatives thereof as potential GABA transport inhibitors. The 2-position in the side chain of pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acid derivatives was substituted with alkyl, hydroxy and amino groups to modulate the activity and selectivity to mGAT1 and mGAT4 proteins. SAR studies of the compounds performed for the four mouse GABA transporter proteins (mGAT1-mGAT4) implied significant potencies and subtype selectivities for 2-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acid derivatives. The racemate rac-(u)-13c exhibited the highest potency (pIC50 5.67) at and selectivity for mGAT1 in GABA uptake assays. In fact, the potency of rac-(u)-13c at hGAT-1 (pIC50 6.14) was even higher than its potency at mGAT1. These uptake results for rac-(u)-13c are in line with the binding affinities to the aforesaid proteins mGAT1 (pKi 6.99) and hGAT-1 (pKi 7.18) determined by MS Binding Assay based on NO711 as marker quantified by LC-ESI-MS-MS analysis. Interestingly, the 2-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidine-2-yl-acetic acid rac-(u)-13d containing 2-{[tris(4-methoxyphenyl)]methoxy} ethyl group at the nitrogen atom of the pyrrolidine ring showed high potency at mGAT4 and a comparatively better selectivity for this protein (>15 against mGAT3) than the well known mGAT4 uptake inhibitor (S)-SNAP-5114.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Steffan
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Thejavathi Renukappa-Gutke
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Georg Höfner
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus T Wanner
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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16
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Bohland F, Erlin I, Platte L, Schröder M, Schollmeyer D, Nubbemeyer U. Flexible Synthesis of Planar Chiral Azoninones and Optically Active Indolizidinones. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Shaitanova EN, Gerus II, Kukhar VP, Haufe G. Synthesis of enantiomerically pure 4-polyfluoromethyl-4-hydroxy-homoprolines by intramolecular cyclization of 6-amino-5-polyfluoromethyl-hex-2-enoic acids. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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18
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: transporters. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1706-96. [PMID: 24528242 PMCID: PMC3892292 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. Transporters are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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19
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Davies SG, Foster EM, Lee JA, Roberts PM, Thomson JE. Asymmetric syntheses of dihydroxyhomoprolines via doubly diastereoselective lithium amide conjugate addition reactions. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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20
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Sitka I, Allmendinger L, Fülep G, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Synthesis of N-substituted acyclic β-amino acids and their investigation as GABA uptake inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 65:487-99. [PMID: 23770450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this publication, we describe the synthesis of new inhibitors for the GABA transporter subtypes GAT1 and especially GAT3. We started with 3-aminopropanoic acid possessing a distinct preference for GAT3 in comparison to GAT1 and furthermore its homolog 3-aminobutanoic acid. A series of respective N-substituted amino acids was synthesized by selective N-monoalkylation of these parent structures with 6 different arylalkyl alcohols via a Mitsunobu-type reaction. The resulting compounds were investigated for their inhibitory potency GABA transporter subtypes. Among all tested compounds the 4,4-diphenylbut-3-enyl substituted 3-aminobutanoic acid (rac)-6b showed highest potency with a pIC50 value of 5.34 at GAT1. Unfortunately, the expected GAT3 potency for 2-[tris(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl substituted derivatives was not as high as observed for the respective nipecotic acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingolf Sitka
- Department Pharmazie, Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, LMU München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 München, Germany
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21
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Vogensen SB, Jørgensen L, Madsen KK, Borkar N, Wellendorph P, Skovgaard-Petersen J, Schousboe A, White HS, Krogsgaard-Larsen P, Clausen RP. Selective mGAT2 (BGT-1) GABA uptake inhibitors: design, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization. J Med Chem 2013; 56:2160-4. [PMID: 23398473 DOI: 10.1021/jm301872x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
β-Amino acids sharing a lipophilic diaromatic side chain were synthesized and characterized pharmacologically on mouse GABA transporter subtypes mGAT1-4. The parent amino acids were also characterized. Compounds 13a, 13b, and 17b displayed more than 6-fold selectivity for mGAT2 over mGAT1. Compound 17b displayed anticonvulsive properties inferring a role of mGAT2 in epileptic disorders. These results provide new neuropharmacological tools and a strategy for designing subtype selective GABA transport inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine B Vogensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Zhao X, Pabel J, Höfner GC, Wanner KT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-substituted proline and pyrrolidin-2-ylacetic acid derivatives as GABA uptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 21:470-84. [PMID: 23245753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of enantiomerically pure 4-hydroxy-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-substituted proline and pyrrolidin-2-ylacetic acid derivatives have been synthesized starting from the respective N-protected 4-hydroxy derivatives via oxidation to the corresponding 4-oxo compounds, subsequent addition of organometallic reagents, final hydrolysis and deprotection. The major diastereoisomers obtained by the addition of the Grignard reagents were found to have opposite stereoconfigurations depending on whether cerium trichloride was present or absent as an additive. The final compounds were evaluated for their capability to inhibit the GABA transport proteins GAT1 and GAT3. 4-Hydroxyproline derivatives substituted with a tris(4-methoxyphenyl)methyloxyethyl residue at the nitrogen and a 4-methoxyphenyl group in 4-position showed, with the exception of the (2R,4R)-diastereomer, an improved inhibition at GAT3 compared to the derivatives missing the 4-methoxyphenyl group in 4-position. This may imply that an appropriate lipophilic group at the C-4 position of the proline moiety is beneficial for potent inhibition at GAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Zhao
- Department für Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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23
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Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-β3-homoprolines and their insertion in α/β/α-tripeptides. Amino Acids 2012; 44:769-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Eklund EJ, Pike RD, Scheerer JR. Synthesis of 1-aminopyrrolizidine alkaloid (−)-absouline by stereoselective aminoconjugate addition. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Pabel J, Faust M, Prehn C, Wörlein B, Allmendinger L, Höfner G, Wanner KT. Development of an (S)-1-{2-[Tris(4-methoxyphenyl)methoxy]ethyl}piperidine-3-carboxylic acid [(S)-SNAP-5114] Carba Analogue Inhibitor for Murine γ-Aminobutyric Acid Transporter Type 4. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1245-55. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Heteroporphyrins. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396531-8.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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Aminomethyltetrazoles as potential inhibitors of the γ-aminobutyric acid transporters mGAT1–mGAT4: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6492-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Singh K, Sharma S, Sharma A. Unique versatility of Amberlyst 15. An acid and solvent-free paradigm towards synthesis of bis(heterocyclyl)methane derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcata.2011.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Abstract
GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the cerebral cortex, maintains the inhibitory tone that counterbalances neuronal excitation. The identification and subsequent development of GABA-transport inhibitors has shown the important role that GABA transporters play in the control of the CNS. To date, four GABA transporters have been cloned (GAT1-4). Compounds that inhibit GABA uptake are targets for epilepsy treatment. Currently, they are also being investigated for other possible indications such as the treatment of psychosis, general anxiety and sleep disorders, drug addiction, acute and chronic pain. These and other issues are discussed in this article.
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30
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Carreras J, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Peregrina JM. Ring-Rearrangement Metathesis of 1-Substituted 7-Azanorbornenes as an Entry to 1-Azaspiro[4.5]decane systems. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3381-91. [PMID: 21463002 DOI: 10.1021/jo200321t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Carreras
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús H. Busto
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Peregrina
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, U.A.-C.S.I.C., E-26006 Logroño, Spain
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31
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Pizzi DA, Leslie CP, Di Fabio R, Seri C, Bernasconi G, Squaglia M, Carnevale G, Falchi A, Greco E, Mangiarini L, Negri M. Stereospecific synthesis and structure-activity relationships of unsymmetrical 4,4-diphenylbut-3-enyl derivatives of nipecotic acid as GAT-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 21:602-5. [PMID: 21134748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two complementary stereospecific synthetic approaches for the preparation of unsymmetrical ortho-substituted N-(4,4-diphenylbut-3-enyl) derivatives of nipecotic acid are described. Determination of the activity of the prepared compounds at the GAT-1 transporter highlighted differing SAR requirements of the E- and Z-phenyl rings, and led to the discovery of a compound with comparable potency to tiagabine. Some attempts to replace nipecotic acid with alternative novel amino acids are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenica A Pizzi
- Neurosciences Centre of Excellence for Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Via A Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy.
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32
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Faust MR, Höfner G, Pabel J, Wanner KT. Azetidine derivatives as novel γ-aminobutyric acid uptake inhibitors: Synthesis, biological evaluation, and structure–activity relationship. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:2453-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Revised: 02/08/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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33
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Neuronal and non-neuronal GABA transporters as targets for antiepileptic drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2010; 125:394-401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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34
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TRANSPORTERS. Br J Pharmacol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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35
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GABA transporters. Br J Pharmacol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00505_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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36
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Höfner G, Merkel D, Wanner KT. MS Binding Assays-with MALDI toward High Throughput. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1523-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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37
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Zhuang W, Zhao X, Zhao G, Guo L, Lian Y, Zhou J, Fang D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-fluoroproline and 4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-acetic acid derivatives as new GABA uptake inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:6540-6. [PMID: 19703775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Revised: 08/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Preparation for the N-alkylated derivatives of enantiomerically pure (2S)-4-fluoroproline and (2S)-4-fluoropyrrolidine-2-acetic acid is described. The final compounds were evaluated as potential GAT-1 uptake inhibitors via cultured cell lines expressing mouse GAT-1. Compared with their corresponding 4-hydroxy compounds, these derivatives exhibited slight improvement on their inhibitory potency, but still much weaker than their corresponding compounds with no substituents at the C-4 of the pyrrolidine moiety, with the most potent affinity being about 1/15 fold as that of Tiagabine. The drastic decrease of their affinity may arise from sharp reduction of their basicity due to strong inductive effect of the 4-fluorine. However the configuration of the C-4 linking fluorine did not have much influence on their affinity for GAT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhuang
- Fujian Institute of Microbiology, No. 25, Jinbu road, Fuzhou 350007, China
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38
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Carlson EC, Rathbone LK, Yang H, Collett ND, Carter RG. Improved protocol for asymmetric, intramolecular heteroatom Michael addition using organocatalysis: enantioselective syntheses of homoproline, pelletierine, and homopipecolic acid. J Org Chem 2008; 73:5155-8. [PMID: 18529081 PMCID: PMC2474690 DOI: 10.1021/jo800749t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An improved protocol for the construction of enantioenriched pyrrolidine, indoline, and piperidine rings using an organocatalyzed, intramolecular heteroatom Michael addition is described. Application to the enantioselective synthesis of homoproline, homopipecolic acid, and pelletierine has been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik C Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, 153 Gilbert Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
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39
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40
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Gelmi ML, Cattaneo C, Pellegrino S, Clerici F, Montali M, Martini C. An efficient route to all stereoisomeric enantiopure 6-amino-3-alkyl-3- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carboxylic acids. J Org Chem 2007; 72:9811-4. [PMID: 17988151 DOI: 10.1021/jo7019702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A single-step synthesis on a gram scale of four pure stereoisomers of the 6-amino-3-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-6-carboxylic acid was carried out using (R)-1-phenylethylamine to confer chirality. The phenylethyl group, and the p-methoxy group linked to the N-atom, are easily removed by hydrogenolysis to afford the corresponding NH-3 derivatives. A series of N-3-alkyl compounds were prepared by way of a "one-pot" deprotection-alkylation procedure starting from the above key compounds. Their biological activity has been evaluated on the GABA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Gelmi
- Istituto di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristian Cattaneo
- Istituto di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Pellegrino
- Istituto di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Clerici
- Istituto di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marina Montali
- Istituto di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Martini
- Istituto di Chimica Organica “A. Marchesini”, Facoltà di Farmacia, Università di Milano, Via Venezian 21, I-20133 Milano, Italy, and Dipartimento di Psichiatria, Neurobiologia, Farmacologia e Biotecnologie, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Kamiński K, Obniska J, Dybała M. Synthesis, physicochemical and anticonvulsant properties of new N-phenylamino derivatives of 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane- and [4.5]decane-1,3-diones: part V. Eur J Med Chem 2007; 43:53-61. [PMID: 17475369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2007.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, physicochemical and pharmacological properties of new N-phenylamino derivatives of 2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione (8-10), 2-azaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-dione (11-18) and 3-cyclohexyl-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione (19, 20) derivatives were described. The anticonvulsant properties of those compounds were examined by a maximal electroshock (MES) and a pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) tests, and their neurotoxicity was determined using a rota-rod test. The most active was N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-amino]-2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione (9), which exhibited anti-seizure properties in the MES model at a dose of 100mg/kg in mice and at a dose of 30mg/kg in rats. To explain the possible mechanism of action, for chosen active derivatives N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-amino]-2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione (9), N-[(4-bromophenyl)-amino]-2-azaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione (10), N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-amino]-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-dione (12) and N-[(4-bromophenyl)-amino]-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-dione (13) their influence on GABA(A) receptors were tested in vitro. Moreover, for all compounds obtained the lipophilic properties were determined by use of RP-HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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