1
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Matić J, Tandarić T, Radić Stojković M, Šupljika F, Karačić Z, Tomašić Paić A, Horvat L, Vianello R, Tumir LM. Phenanthridine-pyrene conjugates as fluorescent probes for DNA/RNA and an inactive mutant of dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:550-565. [PMID: 37153642 PMCID: PMC10155618 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Two novel conjugate molecules were designed: pyrene and phenanthridine-amino acid units with a different linker length between the aromatic fragments. Molecular modelling combined with spectrophotometric experiments revealed that in neutral and acidic buffered water solutions conjugates predominantly exist in intramolecularly stacked conformations because of the π-π stacking interaction between pyrene and phenanthridine moieties. The investigated systems exhibited a pH-dependent excimer formation that is significantly red-shifted relative to the pyrene and phenanthridine fluorescence. While the conjugate with a short linker showed negligible spectrophotometric changes due to the polynucleotide addition, the conjugate with a longer and more flexible linker exhibited a micromolar and submicromolar binding affinity for ds-polynucleotides and inactivated a mutant of dipeptidyl peptidase enzyme E451A. Confocal microscopy revealed that the conjugate with the longer linker entered the HeLa cell membranes and blue fluorescence was visualized as the dye accumulated in the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Matić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tana Tandarić
- Laboratory for the Computational Design and Synthesis of Functional Materials, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filip Šupljika
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry and Corrosion, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Karačić
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Molecular Modelling, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Tomašić Paić
- Laboratory for Protein Biochemistry and Molecular Modelling, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Horvat
- Laboratory for Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Laboratory for the Computational Design and Synthesis of Functional Materials, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija-Marija Tumir
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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2
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Kshirsagar N, Sonawane R, Pathan S, Kamble G, Pal Singh G. A Review on Synthetic Approaches of Phenanthridine. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666210218211424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The phenanthridine family is widely found in medicinal chemistry and material science because
of the biological activity and its presence in a variety of significant natural products and synthetic
dye stuffs. The phenanthridine has many clinical applications, for e.g., being used as an anticancer agent,
possessing antibacterial, antiprotozoal, pharmaceutical, and optoelectronic properties. Many methods
have been reported for the synthesis of phenanthridine and phenanthridine alkaloids, such as Pd catalyzed
C-C bond formation, a reaction involving C-H activation, radical, microwave-assisted, transition
metal-catalyzed, one-pot cascade, benzyne mediated, photochemical, hypervalent iodine promoted methods,
etc. Here, we have summarized the literature data from 2014 to the present concerning novel or
improved synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sultan Pathan
- Department of Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles
University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ganesh Kamble
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, ISIR 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki,
Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Girdhar Pal Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Bhupal Nobles
University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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3
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Luo Z, Li R, Zhu T, Liu C, Feng H, Aboagye Nartey K, Liu Q, Xu X. Iron‐Catalyzed Oxidative Decabonylation/Radical Cyclization of Aliphatic Aldehydes with Biphenyl Isocyanides: A New Pathway For the Synthesis of 6‐Alkylphenanthridines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaigang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Chen‐Fu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science Gannan Medical University Ganzhou 341000 P. R. China
| | - Haoran Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Kojo Aboagye Nartey
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Qiannan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines College of Chemical Engineering AnHui University of Science and Technology Huainan 232001 P. R. China
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4
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Non-cytotoxic photostable monomethine cyanine platforms: Combined paradigm of nucleic acid staining and in vivo imaging. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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DNA/RNA recognition controlled by the glycine linker and the guanidine moiety of phenanthridine peptides. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:422-434. [PMID: 31082420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The binding of four phenanthridine-guanidine peptides to DNA/RNA was evaluated via spectrophotometric/microcalorimetric methods and computations. The minor structural modifications-the type of the guanidine group (pyrrole guanidine (GCP) and arginine) and the linker length (presence or absence of glycine)-greatly affected the conformation of compounds and consequently the binding to double- (ds-) and single-stranded (ss-) polynucleotides. GCP peptide with shorter linker was able to distinguish between RNA (A-helix) and DNA (B-helix) by different circular dichroism response at 295 nm and thus can be used as a chiral probe. Opposed to the dominant stretched conformation of GCP peptide with shorter linker, the more flexible and longer linker of its analogue enabled the molecule to adopt the intramolecularly stacked form which resulted in weaker yet selective binding to DNA. Beside efficient organization of ss-polynucleotide structures, GCP peptide with shorter linker bound stronger to ss-DNA/RNA compared to arginine peptides which emphasize the importance of GCP unit.
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6
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Kishi A, Moriyama K, Togo H. Preparation of Phenanthridines from o-Cyanobiaryls via Addition of Organic Lithiums to Nitriles and Imino Radical Cyclization with Iodine. J Org Chem 2018; 83:11080-11088. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Saftić D, Ban Ž, Matić J, Tumirv LM, Piantanida I. Conjugates of Classical DNA/RNA Binder with Nucleobase: Chemical, Biochemical and Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2018; 26:5609-5624. [PMID: 29737251 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180508090640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the most intensively studied classes of small molecules (molecular weight < 650) in biomedical research are small molecules that non-covalently bind to DNA/RNA, and another intensively studied class is nucleobase derivatives. Both classes have been intensively elaborated in many books and reviews. However, conjugates consisting of DNA/RNA binder covalently linked to nucleobase are much less studied and have not been reviewed in the last two decades. Therefore, this review summarized reports on the design of classical DNA/RNA binder - nucleobase conjugates, as well as data about their interactions with various DNA or RNA targets, and even in some cases protein targets are involved. According to these data, the most important structural aspects of selective or even specific recognition between small molecule and target are proposed, and where possible related biochemical and biomedical aspects were discussed. The general conclusion is that this, rather new class of molecules showed an amazing set of recognition tools for numerous DNA or RNA targets in the last two decades, as well as few intriguing in vitro and in vivo selectivities. Several lead research lines show promising advancements toward either novel, highly selective markers or bioactive, potentially druggable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Saftić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Željka Ban
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Matić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lidija-Marija Tumirv
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruder Boskovic Institute; 10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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8
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Šmidlehner T, Kurutos A, Slade J, Belužić R, Ang DL, Rodger A, Piantanida I. Versatile Click Cyanine Amino Acid Conjugates Showing One-Atom-Influenced Recognition of DNA/RNA Secondary Structure and Mitochondrial Localisation in Living Cells. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Šmidlehner
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10002 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Atanas Kurutos
- Inter- and IntraMolecular Processes Group; Bulgarian Academy of Science; 1113 Sofia Bulgaria
| | - Jakov Slade
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10002 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Robert Belužić
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10002 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Dale L. Ang
- Nanoscale Organisation and Dynamics Group; Western Sydney University; 2560 Campbelltown NSW Australia
| | - Alison Rodger
- Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences; Macquarie University; 2109 Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10002 Zagreb Croatia
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9
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Ding S, Zhao Y, Ma Q, Tian S, Ren H, Zhu M, Li K, Miao Z. Silver(I)-mediated Reaction of 2-Isocyanobiaryl with Alkyl Trifluoroborates: Efficient Synthesis of 6-Alkylated Phenanthridines. CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Shaopeng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Huaping Ren
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi’an Shaanxi 710123, P. R. China
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10
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Li X, Liang D, Huang W, Sun H, Wang L, Ren M, Wang B, Ma Y. Metal-free photocatalyzed cross coupling of aryl (heteroaryl) bromides with isonitriles. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Novel DNA/RNA-targeting amino acid beacon for the versatile incorporation at any position within the peptide backbone. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1381-1388. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2438-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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12
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Saftić D, Radić Stojković M, Žinić B, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Jukić M, Piantanida I, Tumir LM. Impact of linker between triazolyluracil and phenanthridine on recognition of DNA and RNA. Recognition of uracil-containing RNA. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02699d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A phenanthridine-triazolyluracilyl multifunctional ligand, linked by a lysine–glycine peptide, binds to poly rA–poly rU with micromolar affinity and selective fluorescence response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Saftić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- P.O.B. 180
- HR 10002 Zagreb
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- P.O.B. 180
- HR 10002 Zagreb
| | - Biserka Žinić
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- P.O.B. 180
- HR 10002 Zagreb
| | - Ljubica Glavaš-Obrovac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Medicine Osijek
- 31000 Osijek
- Croatia
| | - Marijana Jukić
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Biochemistry
- School of Medicine Osijek
- 31000 Osijek
- Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- P.O.B. 180
- HR 10002 Zagreb
| | - Lidija-Marija Tumir
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Interactions and Spectroscopy
- Division of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- P.O.B. 180
- HR 10002 Zagreb
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13
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Zhou Y, Wu C, Dong X, Qu J. Synthesis of 6-Trichloromethylphenanthridines by Transition Metal-Free Radical Cyclization of 2-Isocyanobiphenyls. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5202-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Changpeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoliang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P.R. China
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14
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Suć J, Tumir LM, Glavaš-Obrovac L, Jukić M, Piantanida I, Jerić I. The impact of α-hydrazino acids embedded in short fluorescent peptides on peptide interactions with DNA and RNA. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:4865-74. [PMID: 27161341 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00425c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel hydrazino-based peptidomimetics and analogues comprising N-terminal lysine and C-terminal phenanthridinyl-l-alanine were prepared. The presented results demonstrate the up to now unknown possibility to finely modulate peptide interactions with DNA/RNA by α-hydrazino group insertion and how the different positioning of two α-hydrazino groups in peptides controls binding to various double stranded and single stranded DNA and RNA. All peptidomimetics bind with 1-10 micromolar affinity to ds-DNA/RNA, whereby the binding mode is a combination of electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic interactions within DNA/RNA grooves. Insertion of the α-hydrazino group into the peptide systematically decreased its fluorimetric response to DNA/RNA binding in the order: mono-hydrazino < alternating-hydrazino < sequential-hydrazino group. Binding studies of ss-polynucleotides suggest intercalation of phenanthridine between polynucleotide bases, whereby affinity and fluorimetric response decrease with the number of α-hydrazino groups in the peptide sequence. Particularly interesting was the interaction of two sequential α-hydrazino acids-peptidomimetic with poly rG, characterised by a specific strong increase of CD bands, while all other peptide/ssRNA combinations gave only a CD-band decrease. All mentioned interactions could also be reversibly controlled by adjusting the pH, due to the protonation of the fluorophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Suć
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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15
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Matić J, Šupljika F, Tir N, Piotrowski P, Schmuck C, Abramić M, Piantanida I, Tomić S. Guanidiniocarbonyl-pyrrole-aryl conjugates as inhibitors of human dipeptidyl peptidase III: combined experimental and computational study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16966j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Good overlap of the standard DPP III substrate Arg-Arg-2NA (magenta) and the most efficient novel inhibitor (guanidiniocarbonyl-pyrrole-pyrene conjugate, blue-red) in the DPP III binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Matić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Filip Šupljika
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Nora Tir
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Patryciusz Piotrowski
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- Universitässtrasse 7
- 45141 Essen
- Germany
| | - Carsten Schmuck
- Institute for Organic Chemistry
- University of Duisburg-Essen
- Universitässtrasse 7
- 45141 Essen
- Germany
| | - Marija Abramić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
| | - Sanja Tomić
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Ruđer Bošković Institute
- 10000 Zagreb
- Croatia
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16
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Radić Stojković M, Piotrowski P, Schmuck C, Piantanida I. A short, rigid linker between pyrene and guanidiniocarbonyl-pyrrole induced a new set of spectroscopic responses to the ds-DNA secondary structure. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1629-33. [PMID: 25502619 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02169j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel pyrene-guanidiniocarbonyl-pyrrole dye, characterised by a short, rigid linker between the two chromophores, interacts strongly with ds-DNA but only negligibly with ds-RNA. Under neutral conditions the dye shows strong selectivity toward AT-DNA (with respect to GC-DNA). Binding is accompanied by a specific ICD band at 350 nm and fluorescence quenching for all DNAs/RNAs studied. At pH 5 the affinity of the dye is reversed, now favouring GC-DNA over AT-DNA. A strong emission increase for AT-DNA is observed but with quenching for GC-DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Radić Stojković
- Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P. O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
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17
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Naidu KM, Nagesh HN, Singh M, Sriram D, Yogeeswari P, Gowri Chandra Sekhar KV. Novel amide and sulphonamide derivatives of 6-(piperazin-1-yl)phenanthridine as potent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 92:415-26. [PMID: 25590862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 11/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of thirty three novel 6-(piperazin-1-yl)phenanthridine amide and sulphonamide analogues were synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37Rv strain. These compounds exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 1.56 and ≥50 μg/mL. Out of these derivatives, few compounds 6l, 6r, 7b, 7f, 7g and 7k exhibited moderate activity (MIC = 6.25 μg/mL) and compounds 6b, 6e, 6k, 6n, 7h, 7i and 7n displayed good activity (MIC = 3.13 μg/mL), whereas compounds 6m, 6s and 7d exhibited excellent anti-tubercular activity (MIC = 1.56 μg/mL). In addition, MTT assay was accomplished on the active analogues of the series against mouse macrophage (RAW 264.7) cells to evaluate the toxicity profile of the newly synthesized compounds and selectivity index of the compounds was determined. Additionally, compounds 6b and 7d were docked to the ATPase domain of M. tuberculosis GyrB protein to know the interaction profile and structures of compounds 6b and 7d were further substantiated through single crystal XRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalaga Mahalakshmi Naidu
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Hunsur Nagendra Nagesh
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Manjeet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Perumal Yogeeswari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Telangana, India
| | - Kondapalli Venkata Gowri Chandra Sekhar
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shamirpet Mandal, Hyderabad 500 078, Telangana, India.
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18
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Tumir LM, Radić Stojković M, Piantanida I. Come-back of phenanthridine and phenanthridinium derivatives in the 21st century. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:2930-54. [PMID: 25550761 PMCID: PMC4273281 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenanthridine derivatives are one of the most intensively studied families of biologically active compounds with efficient DNA binding capability. Attracting attention since DNA structure discovery (1960s), they were early recognized as a symbol of DNA intercalative binding, for many decades applied as gold-standard DNA- and RNA-fluorescent markers (ethidium bromide), probes for cell viability (propidium iodide), but also “ill-famed” for various toxic (genotoxic) and mutagenic effects. After two decades of low interest, the discovery of phenanthridine alkaloids and new studies of antiparasitic/antitumor properties of phenanthridine derivatives resulted in the strong increase of the scientific interest about the turn of this century. Here are summarized phenanthridine-related advances in the 21st century (2000-present period) with emphasis on the supramolecular interactions and bioorganic chemistry, as well as novel or improved synthetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidija-Marija Tumir
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijana Radić Stojković
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Piantanida
- Laboratory for Study of Interactions of Biomacromolecules, Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, PO Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
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Liu Q, Zhang J, Wang MQ, Zhang DW, Lu QS, Huang Y, Lin HH, Yu XQ. Synthesis, DNA binding and cleavage activity of macrocyclic polyamines bearing mono- or bis-acridine moieties. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:5302-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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