A novel hydrogen bonded bimetallic supramolecular coordination polymer {[SnMe3(bpe)][Ag(CN)2]·2H2O} as anticancer drug

Molecular docking and in vitro anticancer studies of silver(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes

A series of symmetric and unsymmetrical benzimidazolium-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors (1a-i) and their silver complexes (2a-i) have been synthesized. The Ag(I)–NHC complexes were characterized by ¹H, ¹³C{¹H} NMR, FTIR, LC/MS-QTOF, and elemental analysis. Anticancer and cytotoxic activity of all Ag(I)–NHC complexes were tested against healthy fibroblast cell line (L929), breast cancer cell line (MCF-7), and neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) by MTS [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium] assay. The 2b, 2c, 2e, 2g, 2h, and 2i complexes showed higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against SH-SY5Y and MCF-7 and lower cytotoxic activity against L929 cell lines. Because of their high cytotoxic activity against cancer cells and low cytotoxicity against healthy fibroblast cell lines, the 2b, 2c, 2e, 2g, 2h, and 2i are expected to be new lead compounds. In addition, molecular docking studies were performed to explore the binding interactions of silver complexes with the enzyme to explore new anticancer compounds. Furthermore, ADME properties of all complexes were predicted to explore lead-like characteristics and may be a potential drug candidate for cancer treatment.

In vivo antitumour properties of tribenzyltin carboxylates in a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model: Enhanced efficacy by PLGA nanoparticles

This study reports the in vivo performance of two tribenzyltin carboxylate complexes, tri(4-fluorobenzyl)tin[(N,N-diisopropylcarbamothioyl)sulfanyl]acetate (C1) and tribenzyltin isonicotinate (C9), in their native form as well as in a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoformulation, to assess their potential to be translated into clinically useful agents. In a 4T1 murine metastatic mammary tumour model, single intravenous administration of C1 (2.7 mg/kg) and C9 (2.1 mg/kg; 2.1 mg/kg C9 is equivalent to 2.7 mg/kg C1) induced greater tumour growth delay than cisplatin and doxorubicin at equivalent doses, while a double-dose regimen demonstrated a much greater tumour growth delay than the single-dose treated groups. To improve the efficacy of the complexes in vivo, C1 and C9 were further integrated into PLGA nanoparticles to yield nanosized PLGA-C1 (183.7 ± 0.8 nm) and PLGA-C9 (163.2 ± 1.2 nm), respectively. Single intravenous administration of PLGA-C1 (2.7 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (2.1 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced greater tumour growth delay (33% reduction in the area under curve compared to that of free C1 and C9). Multiple-dose administration of PLGA-C1 (5.4 mg C1 equivalent/kg) and PLGA-C9 (4.2 mg C9 equivalent/kg) induced tumour growth suppression at the end of the study (21.7 and 34.6% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the double-dose regimen; 73.5 and 79.0% reduction relative to the size on day 1 for the triple-dose regimen, respectively). Such tumour growth suppression was not observed in mice receiving multiple-dose regimens of free C1 and C9. Histopathological analysis revealed that metastasis to the lung and liver was inhibited in mice receiving PLGA-C1 and PLGA-C9. The current study has demonstrated the improved in vivo antitumour efficacies of C1 and C9 compared with conventional chemotherapy drugs and the enhancement of the efficacies of these agents via a robust PLGA-based nanoformulation and multiple-drug administration approach.

Silver carbene complexes: An emerging class of anticancer agents

Cancer is a major global health problem with large therapeutic challenges. Although substantial progress has been made in cancer therapy, there still remains a need to develop novel and effective treatment strategies to treat several relapsed and refractory cancers. Recently, there has been growing demand for considering organometallics as antineoplastic agents. This review is focused on a group of organometallics, silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes (SCCs) and their anticancer efficacy in targeting multiple pathways in various in vitro cancer model systems. However, the precise molecular mechanism of SCCs anticancer properties remains unclear. Here, we discuss the SCCs chemistry, potential molecular targets, possible molecular mechanism of action, and their application in cancer therapies.

New bimetallic dicyanidoargentate(I)-based coordination compounds: Synthesis, characterization, biological activities and DNA-BSA binding affinities

Four compounds -two (2 and 3) completely new- of composition [Ni(edbea)Ag₃(CN)₅] (1), [Cu(edbea)Ag₂(CN)₄]·H₂O (2), [Cd(edbea)Ag₃(CN)₅]·H₂O (3) and [Cd(edbea)₂] [Ag(CN)₂]₂·H₂O (4) {edbea; 2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis (ethylamine)}, were synthesized and characterized using elemental, FT-IR, X-Ray (4), thermal, variable temperature magnetic measurement (1 and 2) and biological techniques. The DNA/BSA binding affinities of 2 and 3 were evaluated by UV-Vis spectrophotometric titrations, ethidium bromide exchange experiments and electrophoretic mobility measurements. Compounds 1 and 4 have previously been characterized and shown to reduce the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. For the sake of clarity, 1 precise mechanism of action on microbial organisms and temperature magnetic measurement were determined. The crystallographic analyses showed that 4 was built up of [Cd(edbea)₂]^II cations and [Ag₂(CN)₄]^II anions. Complexes demonstrated a remarkable antibacterial (1-4), antifungal (1-4) and antiproliferative activities (2 and 3) to ten human bacterial pathogens, four plant pathogenic fungi or three tumor cells (HeLa, HT29, and C6), respectively. Therefore, our results strongly confirm that cell proliferation, cell morphology, Bcl-2, P53 changes and apoptosis can be related to the pharmacological effects of the complexes as suitable candidate for clinical trials.

Synthesis and characterization of two novel dicyanidoargentate(i) complexes containing N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine exhibiting significant biological activity

Two novel cyanido-complexes having very significant antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer activitiesin vitrowere synthesized and characterized using various techniques.

Anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activity of silver(I) compounds

Silver is proving to have a number of medicinal applications; as an antiseptic, an antibacterial, and an anti-inflammatory, while any biological role for it is currently unknown. Silver compounds and their therapeutic potentials are under consideration from many research groups, while a number of early reviews recording the advances of silver(I) chemistry are also available. However there is no recent report on the screening for the antitumor potential of silver(I) compounds. This review focuses upon results obtained on the anti-proliferative activity of silver compounds in the past years. This survey shows that silver(I) complexes containing various type of ligands such as carboxylic acids, amino acids, nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur donor ligands, exhibit selectivity against a variety of cancer cells. The role of the coordination number, which is related to either the stability or hydrophilicity-lipophilicity of a complex, is not clearly elucidated within this review.

The heterometallic cadmium–silver complexcis-bis[dicyanidoargentato(I)-κN]bis(5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl-κ2N,N′)cadmium(II) monohydrate

In the title complex, [Ag2Cd(CN)4(C12H12N2)2]·H2O orcis-[Cd{Ag(CN)2}2(5,5′-dmbpy)2]·H2O, where 5,5′-dmbpy is 5,5′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl, the asymmetric unit consists of a discrete neutral [Cd{Ag(CN)2}2(5,5′-dmbpy)2] unit and a solvent water molecule. The CdIIcation is coordinated by two bidentate chelate 5,5′-dmbpy ligands and two monodentate [AgI(CN)2]−anions, which are in acisarrangement around the CdIIcation, leading to an octahedral CdN6geometry. The overall structure is stabilized by a combination of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, and AgI...AgIand π–π interactions, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular network.

Structure and applications of metal-organic framework based on cyanide and 3,5-dichloropyridine

The reaction of the aqueous/acetonitrile solutions of K3[Cu(CN)4] and 3,5-dichloropyridine (3,5-dClpy), in the presence of Me3SnCl affords a new metal-organic framework (MOF), (3)∞[(CuCN)2·(3,5-dClpy)2], 1. The structure of the MOF 1 was characterized by IR, UV-visible, TGA and X-ray single crystal analysis. The structure of MOF 1 consists of CuCN building blocks which are connected by CN group forming 1D-zig-zag chains. Each chain is bridged to another chain by hydrogen bonding organizing 2D-sheets. The structure of 1 is further close packed by hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking and lp-π interactions creating 3D-network. The emission spectra and the thermodynamic parameters from TGA of the MOF 1 were discussed. The MOF 1 was used as heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidative discoloration of methylene blue dye (MB) by dilute solution of hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The in vitro cytotoxic activity has been evaluated against the human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7. The cytotoxic effect of the MOF 1 on the viability of MCF-7 cells was determined by MTT assay.