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Angulo-Elizari E, Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Plano D, Sanmartín C. Unlocking the potential of 1,4-naphthoquinones: A comprehensive review of their anticancer properties. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116249. [PMID: 38458106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cancer encompasses a group of pathologies with common characteristics, high incidence, and prevalence in all countries. Although there are treatments available for this disease, they are not always effective or safe, often failing to achieve the desired results. This is why it is necessary to continue the search for new therapies. One of the strategies for obtaining new antitumor drugs is the use of 1,4-naphthoquinone as a scaffold in synthetic or natural products with antitumor activity. This review focuses on compiling studies related to the antitumor activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its natural and synthetic derivatives over the last 10 years. The work describes the main natural naphthoquinones with antitumor activity and classifies the synthetic naphthoquinones based on the structural modifications made to the scaffold. Additionally, the formation of metal complexes using naphthoquinones as a ligand is considered. After a thorough review, 197 synthetic compounds with potent biological activity against cancer have been classified according to their chemical structures and their mechanisms of action have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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2
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Pinheiro PF, da Costa TLM, Corrêa KB, Bastos Soares TC, Parreira LA, Werner ET, de Paula MDSAT, Pereira UA, Praça-Fontes MM. Synthesis and Phytocytogenotoxic Activity of N-Phenyl-2-phenoxyacetamides Derived from Thymol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:4610-4621. [PMID: 38380437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The excessive use of herbicides has caused a series of problems related to human health, environmental pollution, and an increase in the resistance of plants to commercial herbicides. As an alternative, natural compounds and their semisynthetic derivatives have been widely studied to obtain environmentally friendly and more effective herbicides than the usual ones. In view of these factors, the aim of this work was to synthesize new molecules with herbicidal potential using thymol as a starting material, a natural phenol that has a pronounced phytotoxic effect. Novel N-phenyl-2-thymoxyacetamides were synthesized and characterized by MS and by 1H and 13C NMR. All prepared molecules were subjected to phytotoxic and cytotoxic activity assays using Lactuca sativa L. and Sorghum bicolor L. as model plants. Molecules containing chlorine in the para position of the thymoxy group exhibited phytotoxic and cytogenotoxic effects superior to those of the commercial herbicides 2,4-D and glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Fontes Pinheiro
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Avenida Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Thais Lazarino Maciel da Costa
- Department of Biology, Federal University of the Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Kellen Barelo Corrêa
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Federal University of the Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Taís Cristina Bastos Soares
- Department of Pharmacy and Nutricion, Federal University of the Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Luciana Alves Parreira
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Federal University of the Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | - Elias Terra Werner
- Department of Biology, Federal University of the Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo Brazil
| | | | - Ulisses Alves Pereira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais, Montes Claros Regional Campus, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Avenida Universitária 1000, Bairro Universitário, CEP 39404-547, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Milene Miranda Praça-Fontes
- Department of Biology, Federal University of the Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, s/n, 29500-000, Alegre, Espírito Santo Brazil
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Sun C, Liu B, Zhou F, Zheng Q, Dai C, Wei W, Liao G, Sun Y. Assessment of Purity, Stability, and Pharmacokinetics of NGP-1, a Novel Prodrug of GS441254 with Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity, Using Liquid Chromatography. Molecules 2023; 28:5634. [PMID: 37570604 PMCID: PMC10420250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious and pathogenic virus that first appeared in late December 2019 and caused a global pandemic in a short period. The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. Numerous treatments have been developed and tested in response to the pandemic, particularly antiviral drugs. Among them, GS441524 (GS441), a nucleoside antiviral drug, has demonstrated promising results in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, the limited oral bioavailability of GS441 restricts its application to patients with the virus. In this study, a novel prodrug of GS441 (NGP-1) with an isobutyl ester and cyclic carbonate structure was designed and synthesized. Its purity and the stability in different artificial digestive juices of NGP-1 was determined with HPLC-DAD methods. The pharmacokinetics of NGP-1 and GS441 were studied in rats via gavage administration. A new LC-MS/MS method was developed to quantitatively analyze GS441 in plasma samples. The results showed that the ka, Cmax, and MRT of converted GS441 from NGP-1 were 5.9, 3, and 2.5 times greater than those of GS441 alone. The Frel of NGP-1 was approximately four-fold that of GS441, with an AUC0-∞ of 9716.3 h·ng mL-1. As a prodrug of GS441, NGP-1 increased its lipophilicity, absorption, and bioavailability, indicating that it holds promise in improving the clinical efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Bo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Fengzhi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Qianqian Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Chunmei Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Guochao Liao
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuqi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
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Synthesis, and in vitro biological evaluations of novel naphthoquinone conjugated to aryl triazole acetamide derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Olyaei A, Rahmani N, Sadeghpour M, Mohamadi A. One-Pot Solvent-and Catalyst-Free Synthesis of Some New Heteroarylaminonaphthoquinones from Lawsone. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178618666211015121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
A clean and efficient one-pot protocol for the synthesis of a series of new 2-hydroxy-3-((3-aryl)(heteroarylamino)methyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives has been developed by the three-component reaction of 2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione, aromatic aldehydes and heterocyclic amines at 90 oC under solvent and catalyst-free conditions. The procedure avoids the use of toxic solvents, tedious work-up, catalyst and purification of the products by chromatographic methods. Simple operation, short reaction times, generating the desired compounds in high to excellent yields and an environmentally benign method are advantages of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Olyaei
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), PO BOX 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nilufar Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), PO BOX 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Sadeghpour
- Department of Chemistry, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Takestan, Iran
| | - Amir Mohamadi
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), PO BOX 19395-4697, Tehran, Iran
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Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Liver X Receptor Agonists Based on Naphthoquinone Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234316. [PMID: 31779181 PMCID: PMC6930623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to synthesize novel liver X receptor (LXR) agonists with potent agonist activity and subtype selectivity. Our synthetic scheme started with naphthoquinone derivatives, such as menadione and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. We introduced different substituents into the naphthoquinone structures, including aniline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and morpholine, in one or two steps, and thus, we produced 14 target compounds. All 14 synthetic ligands were tested to determine whether they mediated LXR-mediated transcriptional activity. We investigated the transcriptional activity of each compound with two types of receptors, LXRα and LXRβ. Among all 14 compounds, two showed weak LXRβ-agonist activity, and two others exhibited potent LXRα-agonist activity. We also performed docking studies to obtain a better understanding of the modes of compound binding to LXR at the atomic level. In conclusion, we successfully synthesized naphthoquinone derivatives that act as LXRα/β agonists and selective LXRα agonists.
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Amides Derived from Vanillic Acid: Coupling Reactions, Antimicrobial Evaluation, and Molecular Docking. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9209676. [PMID: 31139660 PMCID: PMC6500666 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9209676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of amides derived from vanillic acid were obtained by coupling reactions using PyBOP ((Benzotriazol-1-yloxy)tripyrrolidinophosphonium hexafluorophosphate) and DCC (Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide) coupling reagents. These were submitted to biological evaluation for species of Candida, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas. The microdilution method in broth was used for the antimicrobial testing to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and to verify the likely mechanism of action for antifungal activity. The ten amides were obtained with yields ranging from 28.81 to 86.44%, and three compounds were novel. In the antibacterial evaluation, the amides (in their greatest concentrations) were bioactive against Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 25925. Meanwhile, all of the tested amides presented antifungal activity against at least one strain. The amide with best antifungal profile was compound 7, which featured an MIC of 0.46 μmol/mL, and a mechanism of action involving the plasma membrane and fungal cell wall. The presence of a methyl group in the para position of the aromatic ring is suggested which enhances the activity of the compound against fungi. Docking studies of the ten compounds using the protein 14α-demethylase as a biological target were also performed. The biological results presented good correlation with molecular docking studies demonstrating that a possible site of antifungal action for bioactive amides is the enzyme 14α-demethylase.
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8
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Thakral S, Singh V. Recent Development on Importance of Heterocyclic Amides as Potential Bioactive Molecules: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180614121140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Heterocyclic compounds are an integral part of the chemical and life sciences
and constitute a considerable quantum of the modern research that is being currently pursued throughout
the world.
Methods:
This review was prepared by collecting the available literature reports on various databases
and an extract was prepared for each report after thorough study and compiling the recent literature
reports on heterocyclic amides from 2007 to 2018.
Results:
This review summarizes the bio-potential of heterocyclic amides as antimicrobial, anticancer,
anti-tubercular and antimalarial agents which would be very promising in the field of medicinal chemistry.
Conclusion:
A wide variety of heterocyclic amides have already been reported and some are currently
being used as active medicaments for the treatment of disease. Still, the research groups are focusing on
the development of newer heterocyclic amide derivatives with better efficacy, potency and lesser side
effects. This area has got the tremendous potential to come up with new chemical entities of medicinal
importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Thakral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar -125001, Haryana, India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar -125001, Haryana, India
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9
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Direct and Solvent-Free Aminolysis of Triglyceride from Oenocarpus bataua (Patawa) Oil Catalyzed by Al2O3. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Bezkorovaynyj AO, Zyn AR, Harasym NM, Len JT, Figurka OM, Sanagursky DI. Loach embryos prooxidant-antioxidant status under the influence of amide derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinone. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2018; 88:46-53. [PMID: 29235324 DOI: 10.15407/ubj88.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of disorders in cell functions induced by 1,4-naphthoquinone amide derivatives are not clarified yet. The article is dedicated to the study of features of these substances influence on loach Misgurnus fossilis L. embryos pro/antioxidant homeostasis during early embryogenesis. The aim of this work was to study the effect of 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-chloro-3-(3-oxo-3-(piperidine-1-yl)propylamine)-1,4-naphthoquinone (FO-1), 2-chloro-3-(3-(morpholine-4-yl)-3-oxopropylamine)-1,4-naphthoquinone (FO-2 at concentrations of 10-3, 10-5, 10-7 M on the content of TBA-reactive substances (a byproduct of lipid peroxidation) and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in loach embryos. It was established that 1,4-naphthoquinone amide derivatives and 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone decreased the content of lipid peroxidation products in embryo cells in a dose-dependent manner. The investigated compounds cause an increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities compared with the control value. The results of the two-factor ANOVA test indicate that 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone amide derivatives (FO-1, FO-2) have predominant influence on the TBA-reactive substances content and superoxide dismutase activity. However, the time of loach embryos development has a more pronounced effect on catalase activity than the studied 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives.
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11
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Ogata T, Kimachi T. Construction of Cyclic Ether-Fused Tricyclic Naphthoquinone Derivatives by Intramolecular Cyclization Reaction. HETEROCYCLES 2018. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-18-sr(t)2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Delarmelina M, Greco SJ, Carneiro JWDM. Single step mechanism for nucleophilic substitution of 2,3-dichloro naphthoquinone using nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur nucleophiles: A DFT approach. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Synthesis of Quinone-BasedN-Sulfonyl-1,2,3-triazoles: Chemical Reactivity of Rh(II) Azavinyl Carbenes and Antitumor Activity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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da Silva GB, Neves AP, Vargas MD, Marinho-Filho JD, Costa-Lotufo LV. New insights into 3-(aminomethyl)naphthoquinones: Evaluation of cytotoxicity, electrochemical behavior and search for structure–activity correlation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3537-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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15
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Chaturvedi AK, Rastogi N. Unsaturated Phosphonates as Hauser Acceptors for the Synthesis of Phosphonylated Dihydroxynaphthalenes and Naphthoquinones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3303-12. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Kumar Chaturvedi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, B.S. 10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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16
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Suja TD, Divya KVL, Naik LV, Ravi Kumar A, Kamal A. Copper-catalyzed three-component synthesis of aminonaphthoquinone-sulfonylamidine conjugates and in vitro evaluation of their antiproliferative activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:2072-6. [PMID: 26948541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of aminonaphthoquinone-sulfonylamidine conjugates were synthesized via a copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of N-propargyl aminonaphthoquinone, sulfonyl azides and various amines. Majority of the compounds exhibited promising antiproliferative potential when evaluated against a panel of four cancer cell lines. Docking experiments of representative compounds indicated that the conjugates can occupy the ATP-binding pocket of topoisomerase-II enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thachapully D Suja
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
| | - K V L Divya
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Lakshma V Naik
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - A Ravi Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Balanagar, Hyderabad 500 037, India
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17
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Asadi B, Mohammadpoor-Baltork I, Tangestaninejad S, Moghadam M, Mirkhani V, Landarani-Isfahani A. Synthesis and characterization of Bi(iii) immobilized on triazine dendrimer-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles: a reusable catalyst for the synthesis of aminonaphthoquinones and bis-aminonaphthoquinones. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj03050a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for synthesis of aminonaphthoquinone derivatives using Fe3O4@TDSN–Bi(iii) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beheshteh Asadi
- Department of Chemistry
- Catalysis Division
- University of Isfahan
- Isfahan 81746-73441
- Iran
| | | | | | - Majid Moghadam
- Department of Chemistry
- Catalysis Division
- University of Isfahan
- Isfahan 81746-73441
- Iran
| | - Valiollah Mirkhani
- Department of Chemistry
- Catalysis Division
- University of Isfahan
- Isfahan 81746-73441
- Iran
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18
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Knaus T, Mutti FG, Humphreys LD, Turner NJ, Scrutton NS. Systematic methodology for the development of biocatalytic hydrogen-borrowing cascades: application to the synthesis of chiral α-substituted carboxylic acids from α-substituted α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:223-33. [PMID: 25372591 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02282c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ene-reductases (ERs) are flavin dependent enzymes that catalyze the asymmetric reduction of activated carbon-carbon double bonds. In particular, α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (e.g. enals and enones) as well as nitroalkenes are rapidly reduced. Conversely, α,β-unsaturated esters are poorly accepted substrates whereas free carboxylic acids are not converted at all. The only exceptions are α,β-unsaturated diacids, diesters as well as esters bearing an electron-withdrawing group in α- or β-position. Here, we present an alternative approach that has a general applicability for directly obtaining diverse chiral α-substituted carboxylic acids. This approach combines two enzyme classes, namely ERs and aldehyde dehydrogenases (Ald-DHs), in a concurrent reductive-oxidative biocatalytic cascade. This strategy has several advantages as the starting material is an α-substituted α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, a class of compounds extremely reactive for the reduction of the alkene moiety. Furthermore no external hydride source from a sacrificial substrate (e.g. glucose, formate) is required since the hydride for the first reductive step is liberated in the second oxidative step. Such a process is defined as a hydrogen-borrowing cascade. This methodology has wide applicability as it was successfully applied to the synthesis of chiral substituted hydrocinnamic acids, aliphatic acids, heterocycles and even acetylated amino acids with elevated yield, chemo- and stereo-selectivity. A systematic methodology for optimizing the hydrogen-borrowing two-enzyme synthesis of α-chiral substituted carboxylic acids was developed. This systematic methodology has general applicability for the development of diverse hydrogen-borrowing processes that possess the highest atom efficiency and the lowest environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Knaus
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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19
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Wellington KW. Understanding cancer and the anticancer activities of naphthoquinones – a review. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13547d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinone moieties are present in drugs such as doxorubicin which are used clinically to treat solid cancers.
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20
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Li BX, Xie F, Fan Q, Barnhart KM, Moore CE, Rheingold AL, Xiao X. Novel Type of Prodrug Activation through a Long-Range O,N-Acyl Transfer: A Case of Water-Soluble CREB Inhibitor. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1104-9. [PMID: 25313320 DOI: 10.1021/ml500330n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) has been shown to play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. We discovered that naphthol AS-E, a cell-permeable CREB inhibitor, presented antiproliferative activity in a broad panel of cancer cell lines in vitro. However, it has limited aqueous solubility. In this report, we described a water-soluble inhibitor (compound 6) of CREB-mediated gene transcription with in vivo anticancer activity. Unexpectedly, compound 6 was found to be a prodrug of compound 12 necessitating an unprecedented long-range O,N-acyl transfer. The rate of this transfer was pH- and temperature-dependent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to show that a long-range O,N-acyl transfer could be exploited as a prodrug activation strategy to improve aqueous solubility. This type of prodrug may be applicable to other structures with spatially arranged hydroxyl amide to improve their aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Curtis E. Moore
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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