1
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Abdelaal HI, Mohamed AR, Abo-Ashour MF, Giovannuzzi S, Fahim SH, Abdel-Aziz HA, Supuran CT, Abou-Seri SM. Mitigating the resistance of MCF-7 cancer cells to Doxorubicin under hypoxic conditions with novel coumarin based carbonic anhydrase IX and XII inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 152:107759. [PMID: 39213797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 08/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the design and synthesis of novel coumarin derivatives 8a-h, 11a-d and 16a-c as potential selective inhibitors for the tumor associated human carbonic anhydrase isoforms (hCA IX and XII) was reported. All the newly synthesized derivatives showed potent to mild activity against the targeted CA IX (KI = 0.08-9.57 µM), with selectivity indices over CA I (SI = 2.0-21.9) and over CA II (SI = 1.1-15.7). They showed similar activities against CA XII (KI = 0.06-9.48 µM) with selectivity indices over CA I (SI = 1.4-21.2) and CA II (SI = 0.9-15.5). Compound 16b featuring sulfonamide function possessed promising inhibitory activities against the targeted isoforms CA IX and XII with KI values of 0.08 and 0.06 µM, respectively. Interestingly, it was found that using compound 16b at a nontoxic concentration as an adjuvant with Doxorubicin against MCF-7 cells enhanced the cytotoxicity under hypoxia by almost 3.5 folds; IC50 decreased from 25.74 to 7.43 µM. Therefore, compound 16b restored the cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin against MCF-7 cells under hypoxia, almost as normoxia. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis of a combination treatment of compound 16b and Doxorubicin to the MCF7 cell line revealed an increase in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and a more efficient apoptotic effect than Doxorubicin alone. Furthermore, compound 16b showed no cytotoxicity against normal breast MCF-10A cell line (IC50 = 296.25 µM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend I Abdelaal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Abdalla R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud F Abo-Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, Egypt
| | - Simone Giovannuzzi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Samar H Fahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pahros University in Alexandria, Canal El Mahmoudia Street, Alexandria 21648, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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2
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Bhatnagar A, Pemawat G. Anticancer and Antibacterial Activeness of Fused Pyrimidines: Newfangled Updates. Bioorg Chem 2024; 153:107780. [PMID: 39260159 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Pyrimidine-based heterocyclic compounds are garnering substantial interest due to their essential role as a class of natural and synthetic molecules. These compounds show a diverse array of biologically relevant activities, making them highly prospective candidates for clinical translation as therapeutic agents in combating various diseases. Pyrimidine derivatives and their fused analogues, such as thienopyrimidines, pyrazolopyrimidines, pyridopyrimidines, and pyrimidopyrimidines, hold immense possibility in both anticancer and antibacterial research. These compounds exhibit notable efficacy by targeting protein kinases, which are crucial enzymes regulating fundamental cellular processes like metabolism, migration, division, and growth. Through enzyme inhibition, these derivatives disrupt key cellular signaling pathways, thereby affecting critical cellular functions and viability. The advantage lies in the ubiquity of the pyrimidine structure across various natural compounds, enabling interactions with enzymes, genetic material, and cellular components pivotal for chemical and biological processes. This interaction plays a central role in modulating vital biological activities, making pyrimidine-containing compounds indispensable in drug discovery. In the realm of anticancer therapy, these compounds strategically target key proteins like EGFR, important for aberrant cell growth. Fused pyrimidine motifs, exemplified by various drugs, are designed to inhibit EGFR, thereby impeding tumor progression. Moreover, these compounds influence potent antibacterial activity, interfering with microbial growth through mechanisms ranging from DNA replication inhibition to other vital cellular functions. This dual activity, targeting both cancer cells and microbial pathogens, underscores the versatility and potential of pyrimidine derivatives in medical applications. This review provides insights into the structural characteristics, synthesis methods, and significant medicinal applications of fused pyrimidine derivatives, highlighting their double role in combating cancer and bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Bhatnagar
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India 313001
| | - Gangotri Pemawat
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India 313001.
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3
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Kumar A, Backer N, Paliwal H, Singh AK, Debbaraman T, Singh V, Kumar P. Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of diaryl pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine /alkyl substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as thymidylate synthase inhibitors. BMC Chem 2024; 18:161. [PMID: 39198882 PMCID: PMC11361161 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01228-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common type of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a crucial component of DNA biosynthesis and has drawn interest as an essential target for cancer treatment. In the current work, we have designed and synthesized twenty-eight new diaryl-based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine/alkyl-substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives and evaluated their anticancer activity against the HCT 116, MCF-7, Hep G2, and PC-3 cell lines cell lines. Additionally, we have carried out TS inhibitory activity and in silico studies for compounds 1n and 2j. All the synthesized compounds exhibited good anticancer activity, but among them, compounds 1n and 2j showed excellent anticancer activity, having IC50 values of 1.98 ± 0.69, 2.18 ± 0.93, 4.04 ± 1.06, and 4.18 ± 1.87 µM; and 1.48 ± 0.86, 3.18 ± 0.79, 3.44 ± 1.51, and 5.18 ± 1.85 µM, against the HCT 116, MCF-7, Hep G2, and PC-3 cell lines respectively with control raltitrexed (IC50 1.07 ± 1.08, 1.98 ± 0.72, 1.34 ± 1.0, and 3.09 ± 0.96 µM, respectively) and hTS inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 20.47 ± 1.09 and 13.48 ± 0.96 nM with control raltitrexed (IC50 14.95 ± 1.01 nM). Further, the mechanism of inhibition was revealed by molecular docking, which showed the binding pattern of 1n and 2j to the catalytic site of TS with docking scores of -10.6 and - 9.5 kcal/mol, respectively, with reference raltitrexed (-9.4 kcal/mol). Additionally, the assessment of physicochemical, biochemical, structural, and toxicological characteristics were also in the acceptable range for these compounds. Based on the anticancer activity of compounds, SAR was also performed for lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Nabeel Backer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Harshali Paliwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Tanushree Debbaraman
- Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Diabetes & Endocrinology, J N Medical College & Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, UP, India
| | - Vikramjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, 125001, HR, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
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4
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Krakisha FMA, Othman DIA, El Husseiny WM, Nasr MNA. New pyridopyrimidine derivatives as dual EGFR and CDK4/cyclin D1 inhibitors: synthesis, biological screening and molecular modeling. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:1633-1648. [PMID: 39023284 PMCID: PMC11370904 DOI: 10.1080/17568919.2024.2366147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: A series of pyridopyrimidine derivatives 5-20 was designed, synthesized and examined for antitumor activity using four types of malignant cells.Materials & methods: Cervical cancer (HeLa), hepatic cancer (HepG-2), breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HCT-166) cells, as well as normal human lung fibroblast cells (WI-38) were used to determine the cytotoxicity.Results: Pyrazol-1-yl pyridopyrimidine derivative 5 was found to be the most active compound against three malignant cells Hela, MCF-7 and HepG-2 with IC50 values of 9.27, 7.69 and 5.91 μM, respectively, related to standard Doxorubicin. Moreover, compounds 5 and 10 showed good inhibition against cyclin dependent kinase (CDK4/cyclin D1) and epidermal growth factor (EGFR) enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma MA Krakisha
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
- Pharmacy Center of Scientific Excellence, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Dina IA Othman
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
- Pharmacy Center of Scientific Excellence, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Walaa M El Husseiny
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
- Pharmacy Center of Scientific Excellence, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
| | - Magda NA Nasr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura35516, Egypt
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5
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Drakontaeidi A, Papanotas I, Pontiki E. Multitarget Pharmacology of Sulfur-Nitrogen Heterocycles: Anticancer and Antioxidant Perspectives. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:898. [PMID: 39199144 PMCID: PMC11351258 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and oxidative stress are interrelated, with reactive oxygen species (ROS) playing crucial roles in physiological processes and oncogenesis. Excessive ROS levels can induce DNA damage, leading to cancer, and disrupt antioxidant defenses, contributing to diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Antioxidant mechanisms include enzymes and small molecules that mitigate ROS damage. However, cancer cells often exploit oxidative conditions to evade apoptosis and promote tumor growth. Antioxidant therapy has shown mixed results, with timing and cancer-type influencing outcomes. Multifunctional drugs targeting multiple pathways offer a promising approach, reducing side effects and improving efficacy. Recent research focuses on sulfur-nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives for their dual antioxidant and anticancer properties, potentially enhancing therapeutic efficacy in oncology. The newly synthesized compounds often do not demonstrate both antioxidant and anticancer properties simultaneously. Heterocyclic rings are typically combined with phenyl groups, where hydroxy substitutions enhance antioxidant activity. On the other hand, electron-withdrawing substituents, particularly at the p-position on the phenyl ring, tend to enhance anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.D.); (I.P.)
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6
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Abd-Alsalam E, Hafez HN, Assay MG, Ali AK, El-Farargy AF, Abbass EM. Exploring the Antiproliferative Potency of Pyrido[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Derivatives: Studies on Design, Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, SAR, Docking, and DFT Calculations. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301682. [PMID: 38084395 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Herein, an efficient method for the synthesis of a new series of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives has been adopted through the reaction of hydrazinyl pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivative (1) with different electrophilic species, such as ethyl cyanoacetate and different 1,3 diketone derivatives, gave the corresponding derivatives (2-5). Meanwhile, pyrido[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidines (6-11) were synthesized via reaction of hydrazine derivative 1 with phenylisothiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, and carbon disulfide. Compound 1 was also submitted to react with different carbonyl compounds to afford pyrido-pyrimidine derivatives (12-15). All the newly synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antiproliferative activities against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cell lines. Compounds 2, 3, 7, and 8 displayed very strong inhibitory activity against the two cell lines compared with the standard drug doxorubicin. Furthermore, a docking study of the most active compounds was performed with the thymidylate synthase enzyme (PDB: Code 6qxg). Moreover, DFT calculation was carried out for the most biologically active compounds and a reference drug (Doxorubicin) using the B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p) level of theory. The calculated EHOMO and ELUMO energies were used to calculate the global reactivity parameters. Finally, Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and structure activity relationship (SAR) were studied to correlate the relation between chemical structure and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Abd-Alsalam
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hend N Hafez
- National Research Center, Photochemistry Department (Heterocyclic Unit), Dokki, 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed G Assay
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Ali Khalil Ali
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed F El-Farargy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Eslam M Abbass
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain shams University, Abbassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
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7
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Myriagkou M, Papakonstantinou E, Deligiannidou GE, Patsilinakos A, Kontogiorgis C, Pontiki E. Novel Pyrimidine Derivatives as Antioxidant and Anticancer Agents: Design, Synthesis and Molecular Modeling Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093913. [PMID: 37175322 PMCID: PMC10180197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterocyclic ring system of pyrido [2,3-d]pyrimidines is a privileged scaffold in medicinal chemistry, possessing several biological activities. The synthesis of the pyrimidine derivatives was performed via the condensation of a suitable α,β-unsaturated ketone with 4-amino-6-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine monohydrate in glacial acetic acid. Chalcones were synthesized, as starting materials, via the Claisen-Schmidt condensation of an appropriately substituted ketone and an appropriately substituted aldehyde in the presence of aqueous KOH 40% w/v in ethanol. All the synthesized compounds were characterized using IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, LC-MS and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH assay), anti-lipid peroxidation (AAPH), anti-LOX activities and ability to interact with glutathione. The compounds do not interact significantly with DPPH but strongly inhibit lipid peroxidation. Pyrimidine derivatives 2a (IC50 = 42 μΜ), 2f (IC50 = 47.5 μΜ) and chalcone 1g (IC50 = 17 μM) were the most potent lipoxygenase inhibitors. All the tested compounds were found to interact with glutathione, apart from 1h. Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays were performed with the HaCaT and A549 cell lines, respectively. In the MTT assay towards the HaCaT cell line, none of the compounds presented viability at 100 μM. On the contrary, in the MTT assay towards the A549 cell line, the tested compounds showed strong cytotoxicity at 100 μM, with derivative 2d presenting the strongest cytotoxic effects at the concentration of 50 μΜ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malama Myriagkou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Papakonstantinou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 25510 Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 25510 Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | | | - Christos Kontogiorgis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, 25510 Alexandroupoli, Greece
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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8
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Said AI, Gajdács M, Zupkó I, Haukka M, Palkó M. Angular Regioselective Synthesis of Varied Functionalized Hexahydro-1,2,4-triazolo[4,3- a]quinazolin-9-ones and Their Antiproliferative Action. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093718. [PMID: 37175130 PMCID: PMC10180492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones capable of participating in regioselective reactions with functionally diverse hydrazonoyl chlorides towards angular regioisomers, rather than linear ones, were designed and synthesized to form stereoisomeric cis- and trans-hexahydro [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-9-ones to be tested as antitumor candidates. The angular regiochemistry of the products was verified through crystallographic experiments and NMR studies. In addition, the regioselectivity of the reaction was found to be independent of the stereochemistry of the used 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-one. Only compound 4c demonstrated satisfactory growth inhibition against all the cancer cells used among all the produced drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad I Said
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskulä, FIN-40014 Jyväskulä, Finland
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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9
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Kumar A, Bhagat KK, Singh AK, Singh H, Angre T, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Medicinal chemistry perspective of pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2023; 13:6872-6908. [PMID: 36865574 PMCID: PMC9972360 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00056g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of deaths across the globe due to chemoresistance and lack of selective chemotherapy. Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine is an emerging scaffold in medicinal chemistry having a broad spectrum of activities, including antitumor, antibacterial, CNS depressive, anticonvulsant, and antipyretic activities. In this study, we have covered different cancer targets, including tyrosine kinase, extracellular regulated protein kinases - ABL kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, BCR-ABL, dihydrofolate reductase, cyclin-dependent kinase, phosphodiesterase, KRAS and fibroblast growth factor receptors, their signaling pathways, mechanism of action and structure-activity relationship of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of the above-mentioned targets. This review will represent the complete medicinal and pharmacological profile of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as anticancer agents, and will help scientists to design new selective, effective and safe anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Kuber Kumar Bhagat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Tanuja Angre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and SciencesPrayagraj211007India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University Unayzah 51911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology P.O. Box 4700 Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Core Labs Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab Ghudda Bathinda 151401 India
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Darakshan, Parvin T. One-pot multicomponent synthesis of benzophenazine tethered tetrahydropyridopyrimidine derivatives. Mol Divers 2023; 27:313-322. [PMID: 35460459 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple, facile, and efficient green methodology has been developed for the synthesis of benzophenazine tethered tetrahydropyridopyrimidine derivatives by the one-pot four-component reaction of cinnamaldehyde/crotonaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, 1,3-dimethyl-6-amino uracil, and o-phenylenediamine in ethanol medium under reflux conditions using p-TSA as a catalyst. In this environmentally benign methodology, three C-N and two C-C bonds are formed in one pot. The hybrid products have three bioactive moieties such as benzophenazine, tetrahydropyridine, and pyrimidine. Operational simplicity, metal-free conditions, wide substrate scope, readily available starting materials, moderate to good yields of the desired products, presence of pharmaceutically active moieties, and easy purification process are the notable features of this methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakshan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Ashok Rajpath, Patna, 800 005, India
| | - Tasneem Parvin
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Patna, Ashok Rajpath, Patna, 800 005, India.
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11
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Ahmadi H, Zarei M, Zolfigol MA. Catalytic Application of a Novel Basic Alkane‐sulfonate Metal‐organic Frameworks in the Preparation of Pyrido[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidines
via
a Cooperative Vinylogous Anomeric‐based Oxidation. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ahmadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Qom Qom Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Bu-Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
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12
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Concept of Hybrid Drugs and Recent Advancements in Anticancer Hybrids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091071. [PMID: 36145292 PMCID: PMC9500727 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, and its treatment is a big challenge, with variable efficacy of conventional anticancer drugs. A two-drug cocktail hybrid approach is a potential strategy in recent drug discovery that involves the combination of two drug pharmacophores into a single molecule. The hybrid molecule acts through distinct modes of action on several targets at a given time with more efficacy and less susceptibility to resistance. Thus, there is a huge scope for using hybrid compounds to tackle the present difficulties in cancer medicine. Recent work has applied this technique to uncover some interesting molecules with substantial anticancer properties. In this study, we report data on numerous promising hybrid anti-proliferative/anti-tumor agents developed over the previous 10 years (2011–2021). It includes quinazoline, indole, carbazole, pyrimidine, quinoline, quinone, imidazole, selenium, platinum, hydroxamic acid, ferrocene, curcumin, triazole, benzimidazole, isatin, pyrrolo benzodiazepine (PBD), chalcone, coumarin, nitrogen mustard, pyrazole, and pyridine-based anticancer hybrids produced via molecular hybridization techniques. Overall, this review offers a clear indication of the potential benefits of merging pharmacophoric subunits from multiple different known chemical prototypes to produce more potent and precise hybrid compounds. This provides valuable knowledge for researchers working on complex diseases such as cancer.
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13
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Radwan MA, Al Rugaie O, Al Abdulmonem W, Awad H, Zayed E. Molecular Docking Studies, Antiproliferative Evaluation, and Synthesis of 7-(1H-Indol-3-yl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Martinho LA, Andrade CKZ. A greener approach for the synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidine derivatives in glycerol under microwave heating. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luan A. Martinho
- Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Química Metodológica e Orgânica Sintética (LaQMOS), Universidade de Brasília
| | - Carlos Kleber Z. Andrade
- Instituto de Química, Laboratório de Química Metodológica e Orgânica Sintética (LaQMOS), Universidade de Brasília
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15
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Fares M, Canfield P, Alsherbiny MA, Lewis W, Willis AC, Guang Li C, Neyts J, Jochmans D, Gale PA, Keller PA. Synthesis, X-ray crystallographic analysis, DFT studies and biological evaluation of triazolopyrimidines and 2-anilinopyrimidines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Rai S, Bishnoi A, Devi P, Afza N. Computational and Experimental Investigations of 7-(4-nitrophenyl)benzo[6,7]chromeno[3,2-e]pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6(7h)-one. LETT ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178619666220113112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acstract:
In-silico studies are used for the prediction of the properties of several novel materials using computer simulation technique. The present study describes the complete description of the molecular vibrations and electronic feature of the title compound by this technique. 7-(4-nitrophenyl)benzo[6,7]chromeno[3,2-e]pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-6(7H)-one was prepared by the multicomponent reaction of 2H-pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine-2,4(3H)-dione, 2-naphthol and p-nitrobenzaldehyde. The structure of the compound was confirmed by UV, IR, NMR (1H, 13C) and mass spectroscopic studies. The compound was further subjected to quantum chemical calculations at the level of Hartee-Fock (HF) method using Lan2DZ basis set to compute polarizability, hyperpolarizabilities, AIM approach, Natural bond orbital analysis, complete vibrational assignments, Mulliken charges, spectral analysis and HOMO-LUMO energies
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Rai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Abha Bishnoi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Poornima Devi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Nisha Afza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
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17
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Chen YM, Chen DM, Wu QM, Ye WJ, Zhao CS, Liao WK, Zhou ZX. SYNTHESIS, CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND DFT STUDY OF NOVEL (2S,2′S,6R,6′R)-4,4′-(6-BROMOPYRIDO[2,3-d]PYRIMIDINE-2,4-DIYL)BIS(2,6-DIMETHYLMORPHOLINE). J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Synthesis of Novel 2-Thiouracil-5-Sulfonamide Derivatives as Potent Inducers of Cell Cycle Arrest and CDK2A Inhibition Supported by Molecular Docking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111957. [PMID: 34769385 PMCID: PMC8584424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In an effort to discover potent anticancer agents, 2-thiouracil-5-sulfonamides derivatives were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activity of all synthesized compounds was investigated against four human cancer cell lines viz A-2780 (ovarian), HT-29 (colon), MCF-7 (breast), and HepG2 (liver). Compounds 6b,d-g, and 7b showed promising anticancer activity and significant inhibition of CDK2A. Moreover, they were all safe when tested on WI38 normal cells with high selectivity index for cancer cells. Flow cytometric analysis for the most active compound 6e displayed induction of cell growth arrest at G1/S phase (A-2780 cells), S phase (HT-29 and MCF-7 cells), and G2/M phase (HepG2 cells) and stimulated the apoptotic death of all cancer cells. Moreover, 6e was able to cause cycle arrest indirectly through enhanced expression of cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. Finally, molecular docking of compound 6e endorsed its proper binding to CDK2A, which clarifies its potent anticancer activity.
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19
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Abdel-Maksoud MS, Mohamed Hassan R, Abdel-Sattar El-Azzouny A, Nabil Aboul-Enein M, Oh CH. Anticancer profile and anti-inflammatory effect of new N-(2-((4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine sulfonamide derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105424. [PMID: 34678604 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new series of N-(2-((4-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)pyridine sulfonamide derivatives 11a-o were designed and synthesized based on our previous works. The new series was tested for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. The anticancer profile of final target compounds was obtained by testing them over 60 cell lines belong to nine types of cancers. Compound 11c showed the highest percent inhibition, so its potency was measured over the most sensitive cell line to determine its IC50 over each cell. In addition, compound 11c was tested over kinase panel to get its biological target(s). Compound 11c had strong activity over JNK1, JNK2, p38a and V600EBRAF. All final target compounds were tested against the four kinases to build a structure activity relationship. Compound 11c was subjected to cell cycle analysis to check at which phase is affected by 11c. The anti-inflammatory effect of final target compounds was screened by testing their ability to inhibit both nitric oxide release and prostaglandin E2 production on raw 264.7 macrophages in addition to test their cytotoxic effect on the same cells. Compound 11n showed the highest ability to inhibit prostaglandin E2 and all compound showed moderate to low activity regarding inhibition of nitric oxide release. Compound 11n was investigated for its ability to reduce Interleukin 6 and TNF-alpha. In addition, compound 11n was tested for its effect on induced Nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and COX-2 mRNA expression level and its effect on nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), COX-1 and COX-2 protein levels where it showed selectivity for COX-2 compared to COX-1 and iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rasha Mohamed Hassan
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aida Abdel-Sattar El-Azzouny
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Nabil Aboul-Enein
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Mahapatra A, Prasad T, Sharma T. Pyrimidine: a review on anticancer activity with key emphasis on SAR. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is a global health challenge, it impacts the quality of life and its treatment is associated with several side effects. Resistance of the cancer cells to the existing drugs has led to search for novel anticancer agents. Pyrimidine, a privileged scaffold, is part of living organisms and plays vital role in various biological procedures as well as in cancer pathogenesis. Due to resemblance in structure with the nucleotide base pair of DNA and RNA, it is recognized as valuable compound in the treatment of cancer.
Main text
Many novel pyrimidine derivatives have been designed and developed for their anticancer activity in the last few years. The present review aims to focus on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agent from the last decade.
Conclusion
This review intends to assist in the development of more potent and efficacious anticancer drugs with pyrimidine scaffold.
Graphical abstract
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21
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New thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-fused [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidinone hybrids as potential MRSA and VRE inhibitors. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Sanad SM, Mekky AE, Said AY, Elneairy MA. New thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-fused [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidinone hybrids as potential MRSA and VRE inhibitors. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Baruah B, Deb ML. Catalyst-free and additive-free reactions enabling C-C bond formation: a journey towards a sustainable future. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1191-1229. [PMID: 33480947 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the catalyst- and additive-free C-C bond forming reactions reported mostly from the year 2005 to date. C-C bond forming reactions are highly important as large and complex organic molecules can be derived from simpler ones via these reactions. On the other hand, catalyst- and additive-free reactions are economical, environmentally friendly and less sensitive to air/moisture, allow easy separation of products and are operationally simple. Hence, a large number of research articles have been published in this area. Though a few reviews are available on the catalyst-free organic reactions, most of them were published a few years ago. The current review excludes catalysts as well as additives and is specific to only C-C bond formation. Besides many organic name reactions, catalyst/additive-free C-H functionalizations, coupling reactions and UV-visible-light-promoted reactions are also discussed. Undoubtedly, the contents of this review will motivate readers to do more novel work in this area which will accelerate the journey towards a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajita Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Pandu College, Guwahati-12, Assam, India
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24
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Shalini, Kumar V. Have molecular hybrids delivered effective anti-cancer treatments and what should future drug discovery focus on? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:335-363. [PMID: 33305635 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1850686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer continues to be a big threat and its treatment is a huge challenge among the medical fraternity. Conventional anti-cancer agents are losing their efficiency which highlights the need to introduce new anti-cancer entities for treating this complex disease. A hybrid molecule has a tendency to act through varied modes of action on multiple targets at a given time. Thus, there is the significant scope with hybrid compounds to tackle the existing limitations of cancer chemotherapy. AREA COVERED This perspective describes the most significant hybrids that spring hope in the field of cancer chemotherapy. Several hybrids with anti-proliferative/anti-tumor properties currently approved or in clinical development are outlined, along with a description of their mechanism of action and identified drug targets. EXPERT OPINION The success of molecular hybridization in cancer chemotherapy is quite evident by the number of molecules entering into clinical trials and/or have entered the drug market over the past decade. Indeed, the recent advancements and co-ordinations in the interface between chemistry, biology, and pharmacology will help further the advancement of hybrid chemotherapeutics in the future.List of abbreviations: Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA; national cancer institute, NCI; peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMC; food and drug administration, FDA; histone deacetylase, HDAC; epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR; vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, VEGFR; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA; farnesyltransferase inhibitor, FTI; adenosine triphosphate, ATP; Tamoxifen, TAM; selective estrogen receptor modulator, SERM; structure activity relationship, SAR; estrogen receptor, ER; lethal dose, LD; half maximal growth inhibitory concentration, GI50; half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-India
| | - Vipan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-India
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25
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Said AI, Palkó M, Haukka M, Fülöp F. Angular Regioselectivity in the Reactions of 2-Thioxopyrimidin-4-ones and Hydrazonoyl Chlorides: Synthesis of Novel Stereoisomeric Octahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]quinazolin-5-ones. Molecules 2020; 25:E5673. [PMID: 33271898 PMCID: PMC7730367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective synthesis of cis and trans stereoisomers of variously functionalized octahydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones was performed. The 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones used in the synthesis reacted with hydrazonoyl chlorides in a regioselective manner to produce the angular regioisomers [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones rather than the linear isomers [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinazolin-5-ones. The synthesis process took place with electronic control. The angular regiochemistry of the products was confirmed by X-ray experiments and two-dimensional NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad I. Said
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.I.S.); (F.F.)
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.I.S.); (F.F.)
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskulä, FIN-40014 Jyväskulä, Finland;
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.I.S.); (F.F.)
- Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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26
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Said AI, Haukka M, Fülöp F. Microwave-Assisted Regioselective Synthesis of Variously Functionalized [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-5(1H)-ones. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824666200814134911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
[1,2,4]Triazolo[3,4-b]quinazolin-5(1H)-ones with varied functionalization patterns
were synthesized in a regioselective manner by reacting 2-thioxo-2,3-
dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (2) with variously functionalized hydrazonoyl chlorides (3ah).
Linear regioselectivity of the formed products was confirmed by X-ray measurements.
Under microwave conditions, the reactions were completed in a few minutes without a
change in the regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad I. Said
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskula, Jyvaskula, Finland
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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27
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Aggarwal R, Sumran G. An insight on medicinal attributes of 1,2,4-triazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112652. [PMID: 32771798 PMCID: PMC7384432 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The present review aims to summarize the pharmacological profile of 1,2,4-triazole, one of the emerging privileged scaffold, as antifungal, antibacterial, anticancer, anticonvulsant, antituberculosis, antiviral, antiparasitic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents, etc. along with structure-activity relationship. The comprehensive compilation of work carried out in the last decade on 1,2,4-triazole nucleus will provide inevitable scope for researchers for the advancement of novel potential drug candidates having better efficacy and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136 119, India; CSIR-National Institute of Science Technology and Development Studies, New Delhi, India.
| | - Garima Sumran
- Department of Chemistry, D. A. V. College (Lahore), Ambala City, 134 003, Haryana, India.
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28
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Said AI, Palkó M, Haukka M, Fülöp F. Retro Diels Alder protocol for regioselective synthesis of novel [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- a]pyrimidin-7(1 H)-ones. RSC Adv 2020; 10:33937-33943. [PMID: 35519032 PMCID: PMC9056728 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04345a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactions of diastereochemically varied norbornene-condensed 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones 6 and 10 with variously functionalized hydrazonoyl chlorides 2a-h gave regioselectively angular norbornene-based [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-7(1H)-ones 7a-h and 11a,c-e, respectively. Thermal retro Diels-Alder (RDA) reaction of 7a-h and 11a,c-e resulted in the target compounds 4a-h as single products. On the other hand, reactions of thiouracil 1 and hydrozonoyl chlorides 2a-e gave regioselectively [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidinone-5(1H)-ones 3a-e. The opposite regioselectivity of thiouracil 1 and norbornene-condensed 2-thioxopyrimidin-4-ones 6 and 10 was attributed to electronic factors according to DFT calculations. The angular structure of norbornene based [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin-7(1H)-ones was confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad I Said
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University Assiut 71516 Egypt
| | - Márta Palkó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Matti Haukka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskulä FIN-40014 Jyväskulä Finland
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
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29
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Abdelrazek FM, Gomha SM, Abdel‐aziz HM, Farghaly MS, Metz P, Abdel‐Shafy A. Efficient synthesis and In Silicostudy of some novel pyrido[2,3‐d][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyrimidine derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fathy M. Abdelrazek
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceCairo University Giza Egypt
- Fakultat Chemie und Lebensmittel chemieTU‐Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceCairo University Giza Egypt
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceIslamic University in Almadinah Almonawara Almadinah Almonawara Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohamed S. Farghaly
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceCairo University Giza Egypt
- Science & Technology Center of ExcellenceMinistry of Military Production Cairo Egypt
| | - Peter Metz
- Fakultat Chemie und Lebensmittel chemieTU‐Dresden Dresden Germany
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30
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Saberikhah E, Mamaghani M, Mahmoodi NO, Fallah Shojaei A. Magnetic Fe 3O 4@TiO 2@NH 2@PMo 12O 40 Nanoparticles: A Recyclable and Efficient Catalyst for Convergent One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3- d]Pyrimidine Derivatives. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1729821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Saberikhah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
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31
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Fares M, McCosker PM, Alsherbiny MA, Willis AC, Clark T, Neyts J, Jochmans D, Keller PA. Regioselective convergent synthesis of 2-arylidene thiazolo[3,2- a]pyrimidines as potential anti-chikungunya agents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5191-5195. [PMID: 35498334 PMCID: PMC9049071 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00257g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergent and convenient regioselective synthesis of novel thiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidine derivatives was accomplished using the one-pot reaction of 6-ethylthiouracil, bromoacetic acid, anhydrous sodium acetate, acetic anhydride, acetic acid and suitable aldehyde. X-ray crystallographic study reveals the presence of the Z configuration of only one regioisomer confirmed by computational studies as being the most likely isomer present. Convergent and convenient regioselective synthesis of novel thiazolo[2,3-a]pyrimidines was accomplished using the one-pot reaction of 6-ethylthiouracil, bromoacetic acid, anhydrous sodium acetate, acetic anhydride, acetic acid and suitable aldehyde.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fares
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience
- Molecular Horizons
- University of Wollongong
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute
- Wollongong
| | - Patrick M. McCosker
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience
- Molecular Horizons
- University of Wollongong
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute
- Wollongong
| | | | - Anthony C. Willis
- Research School of Chemistry
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Timothy Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy
- Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC)
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
- 91052 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Rega Institute for Medical Research
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy
- Leuven
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven (University of Leuven)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Rega Institute for Medical Research
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy
- Leuven
| | - Paul A. Keller
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience
- Molecular Horizons
- University of Wollongong
- Illawarra Health & Medical Research Institute
- Wollongong
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32
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Said MA, Eldehna WM, Nocentini A, Bonardi A, Fahim SH, Bua S, Soliman DH, Abdel-Aziz HA, Gratteri P, Abou-Seri SM, Supuran CT. Synthesis, biological and molecular dynamics investigations with a series of triazolopyrimidine/triazole-based benzenesulfonamides as novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 185:111843. [PMID: 31718943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the presented work, we report the design and synthesis of different new sets of triazolopyrimidine-based (9a-d) and triazole-based (11a-h, 13a-c, 15a,b, 17a,b and 21a-g) benzenesulfonamides. The newly synthesized sulfonamides were assessed for their inhibitory activities toward four human (h) metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms; hCA I, II, IX and XII. The four examined isoforms were inhibited by the prepared sulfonamides (9a-d, 11a-h, 13a-c, 15a,b, 17a,b and 21a-g) in variable degrees with KIs ranges: 94.4-4953.5 nM for hCA I, 6.9-837.6 nM for hCA II, 3.3-85.0 nM for hCA XI, and 4.4-105.0 nM for hCA XII. In particular, sulfonamides 11e, 21a and 21e emerged as single-digit nanomolar hCA IX and hCA XII inhibitors. Interestingly, triazolopyrimidine-based sulfonamide 9d and triazole-based sulfonamide 21e were found to be the most selective hCA IX inhibitors over hCA I (SI = 100.85 and 210.58, respectively) and hCA II (SI = 18.54 and 38.36, respectively). Thereafter, sulfonamides 9d and 21e were docked into the active site of CAs II, IX and XII, then poses showing the best scoring values and favorable binding interactions were subjected to a MM-GBSA based refinement and, limited to CA IX and XII, to a cycle of 100 ns molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Said
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy; Department of NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Samar H Fahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Dalia H Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al Azhar University, Cairo, P.O. Box 11471, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department of NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Liu JC, Narva S, Zhou K, Zhang W. A Review on the Antitumor Activity of Various Nitrogenous-based Heterocyclic Compounds as NSCLC Inhibitors. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1517-1530. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312152358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, cancers have been causing deadly fears to humans and previously unpredictable
losses to health. Especially, lung cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related mortality
accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer cases worldwide. While Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinomas
(NSCLCs) makes up to 80% of lung cancer cases. The patient compliance has been weakening
because of serious drug resistance and adverse drug effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the
development of novel structural agents to inhibit NSCLCs. Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds
exhibit wide range of biological properties, especially antitumor activity. We reviewed some
deadly defects of clinical medicines for the lung cancer therapy and importance of nitrogen based heterocyclic
derivatives against NSCLCs. Nitrogen heterocycles exhibit significant antitumor activity
against NSCLCs. Nitrogen heterocyclic hybrids could be developed as multi-target-directed NSCLC
inhibitors and it is believed that the review is significant for rational designs and new ideas in the development
of nitrogen heterocyclic-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chun Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Suresh Narva
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Kang Zhou
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Drug Design, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of some pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine derivatives as apoptosis inducers and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2395-2414. [PMID: 31544523 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Due to emergence of resistance to available anticancer agents, there is a need to search for new cytotoxic agents. Methods: Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines (4-6) and their tricyclic derivatives (7-13) were prepared and screened for their cytotoxicity against breast MCF-7, prostate PC-3 and lung A-549 cancer cell lines as well as normal fibroblasts WI-38. Results: The most active compounds were 6b, 6e and 8d compared with doxorubicin. Moreover, compounds 6b and 8d induced apoptosis in PC-3 and MCF-7, respectively via activation of CASP3 (in PC-3 only), Bax, p53 and down regulation of Bcl2 in addition to CDK4/6 inhibition. Conclusion: Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine represents an important core for discovery of new potent cytotoxic agents acting on the cell cycle via apoptosis induction through either intrinsic or extrinsic pathways.
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Keerthy HK, Mohan S, Basappa, Bharathkumar H, Rangappa S, Svensson F, Bender A, Mohan CD, Rangappa KS, Bhatnagar R. Triazole-Pyridine Dicarbonitrile Targets Phosphodiesterase 4 to Induce Cytotoxicity in Lung Carcinoma Cells. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900234. [PMID: 31287204 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a key enzyme involved in the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and widely expressed in several types of cancers. The inhibition of PDE4 results in an increased concentration of intracellular cAMP levels that imparts the anti-inflammatory response in the target cells. In the present report, two series of triazolo-pyridine dicarbonitriles and substituted dihydropyridine dicarbonitriles were synthesized using green protocol (TBAB in refluxed water). We next evaluated the title compounds for their cytotoxicity towards lung cancer (A549) cells and identified 7'-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine]-6',8'-dicarbonitrile (5h) and 7'-(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydrospiro[cyclohexane-1,2'-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine]-6',8'-dicarbonitrile (5j) as lead analogs with the IC50 values of 15.2 and 24.1 μm, respectively. Furthermore, all the new compounds were tested for PDE4 inhibitory activity and 5j showed relatively good inhibitory activity towards PDE4 with inhibition of 50.9 % at 10 μm. In silico analysis demonstrated the favorable interaction of the title compounds with the target enzyme. Taken together, the present study introduces a new scaffold for the development of novel PDE4 inhibitors to fight against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosadurga K Keerthy
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Post Graduate Studies and Research, St. Agnes College, Bendur, Mangalore, 575002, India.,Center for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Surender Mohan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College campus, Palace Road, Bangalore, 560001, India.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore, 570006, India
| | - Hanumantharayappa Bharathkumar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College campus, Palace Road, Bangalore, 560001, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, 571448, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya District, India
| | - Fredrick Svensson
- Center for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bender
- Center for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Khalifa NM, Alkahtani HM, Al-Omar MA, Bakheit AH. New Pyridopyrimidone Derivatives: Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies, and Potential Anticancer Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s107036321908022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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37
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Hussein BRM, Moustafa AH. A regioselective and convenient one-pot multicomponent synthesis of polyfunctionalized 4-aryl-2-cyanoimino-3,4-dihydro-1 H-pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidines. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1626892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahgat R. M. Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
| | - Amr H. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt
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38
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Kumar S, Deep A, Narasimhan B. A Review on Synthesis, Anticancer and Antiviral Potentials of Pyrimidine Derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407214666180124160405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Pyrimidine is the six membered heterocyclic aromatic compound similar to
benzene and pyridine containing two nitrogen atoms at 1st and 3rd positions. Pyrimidine is present
throughout nature in various forms and is the building blocks of numerous natural compounds from
antibiotics to vitamins and liposacharides. The most commonly recognized pyrimidines are the bases of
RNA and DNA, the most abundant being cytosine, thymine or uracil.
Results:
Pyrimidine is a core structure in a wide variety of compounds that exhibits significant biological
activity and also plays an important role in the drug discovery process. Various synthetic aspects
indicated that pyrimidine derivatives are easy to synthesize and has diverse biological and chemical
applications. The present review article aims to review the work reported on synthesis, anticancer and
antiviral potentials of pyrimidine derivatives during new millennium.
Conclusion:
It may be concluded that the fused pyrimidine derivatives enhanced the anticancer potential
against different human cancer cell lines and antiviral potential against different human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) etc, which created interest among the medicinal
chemists in the pyrimidine skeleton in medicinal chemistry. Thus, a tremendous scope for research is
present in this direction for investigating pyrimidine derivatives as lead molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | - Aakash Deep
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani-127021, India
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Riadi Y, Lazar S, Guillaumet G. Regioselective palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of 2,4,6-trihalogenopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. CR CHIM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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40
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Abdelhamid AO, El Sayed IE, Zaki YH, Hussein AM, Mangoud MM, Hosny MA. Utility of 5-(furan-2-yl)-3-( p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with antimicrobial activity. BMC Chem 2019; 13:48. [PMID: 31384796 PMCID: PMC6661803 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0566-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyrazolines show different biological activities. In recent years, interest in the chemistry of hydrazonoyl halides has been renewed. 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles are one of the most common heterocyclic pharmacophores with a wide range of biological activities. Results Ethyl 2-(5-(furan-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylate, 2-(5-(furan-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazol-4(5H)-one, and 1-(2-(5-(furan-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one were synthesized from the reaction of 5-(furan-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide with different halogenated compounds. Thiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole and pyrano[2,3-d]thiazole derivatives were also synthesized. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated based on elemental analysis, spectral data, and alternative synthetic routes whenever possible. Additionally, the newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against various microorganisms. Conclusions A new series of novel functionalized 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 1,3-thiazoles, and pyrazoline-containing moieties were synthesized using hydrazonoyl halides as precursors and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial, and antifungal activities. The antimicrobial results of the examined compounds revealed promising results and some derivatives have activities similar to the references used.![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13065-019-0566-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou O Abdelhamid
- 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim E El Sayed
- 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom, 32511 Egypt
| | - Yasser H Zaki
- 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hussein
- 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514 Egypt
| | - Mangoud M Mangoud
- Environmental Research Department, National Center for Social and Criminological Research, IbnKhaldoun Square, Mohandesin, Zamalek, Giza, 11561 Egypt
| | - Mona A Hosny
- 5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women for Arts, Science and Education, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, 11757 Egypt
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El Azab IH, Khalifa ME, Gobouri AA, Altalhi TA. Synthesis, Characterization, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some New Pteridine‐Based Heterocycles as Antimicrobial Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam H. El Azab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taif University Al‐Haweiah, P.O. Box 888 Taif 21974 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed E. Khalifa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taif University Al‐Haweiah, P.O. Box 888 Taif 21974 Saudi Arabia
| | - Adil A. Gobouri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taif University Al‐Haweiah, P.O. Box 888 Taif 21974 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq A. Altalhi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Taif University Al‐Haweiah, P.O. Box 888 Taif 21974 Saudi Arabia
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42
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Nurjamal K, Brahmachari G. Sodium Formate-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Spiro[indoline-3,5′-pyrido[2,3-d
]pyrimidine]/Spiro[acenaphthylene-1,5′-pyrido[2,3-d
]-pyrimidine] Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khondekar Nurjamal
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (a Central University); Santiniketan- 731 235, West Bengal India
| | - Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Visva-Bharati (a Central University); Santiniketan- 731 235, West Bengal India
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Elzahabi HSA, Nossier ES, Khalifa NM, Alasfoury RA, El-Manawaty MA. Anticancer evaluation and molecular modeling of multi-targeted kinase inhibitors based pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:546-557. [PMID: 29482389 PMCID: PMC6009920 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1437729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines was carried out and evaluated for in vitro anticancer activity against five cancer cell lines, namely hepatic cancer (HepG-2), prostate cancer (PC-3), colon cancer (HCT-116), breast cancer (MCF-7), and lung cancer (A-549) cell lines. Regarding HepG-2, PC-3, HCT-116 cancer cell lines, 7-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3-methyl-5-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-5-(p-tolyl)- pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one (5a) exhibited strong, more potent anticancer (IC50: 0.3, 6.6 and 7 µM) relative to the standard doxorubicin (IC50: 0.6, 6.8 and 12.8 µM), respectively. Kinase inhibitory assessment of 5a showed promising inhibitory activity against three kinases namely PDGFR β, EGFR, and CDK4/cyclin D1 at two concentrations 50 and 100 µM in single measurements. Further, a molecular docking study for compound 5a was performed to verify the binding mode towards the EGFR and CDK4/cyclin D1 kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba S. A. Elzahabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman S. Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nagy M. Khalifa
- Drug Exploration & Development Chair (DEDC), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania A. Alasfoury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - May A. El-Manawaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Science Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Sirakanyan SN, Spinelli D, Geronikaki A, Kartsev VG, Hakobyan EK, Hovakimyan AA. Synthesis of New Heterocyclic Systems: Pyrido[3′,2′:4,5]thieno(furo)[2,3-e
][1,2,4]triazolopyrimidines and an Unusual ANRORC Rearrangement in the Fused Pyrimidine Series. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samvel N. Sirakanyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Republic of Armenia; Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L.Mnjoyan; Armenia 0014, Yerevan, Ave. Azatutyan 26
| | - Domenico Spinelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician; Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2; Bologna 40126 Italy
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; School of Pharmacy; Thessaloniki 54124 Greece
| | | | - Elmira K. Hakobyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Republic of Armenia; Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L.Mnjoyan; Armenia 0014, Yerevan, Ave. Azatutyan 26
| | - Anush A. Hovakimyan
- Scientific Technological Center of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry of National Academy of Science of Republic of Armenia; Institute of Fine Organic Chemistry of A.L.Mnjoyan; Armenia 0014, Yerevan, Ave. Azatutyan 26
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45
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Kumar S, Narasimhan B, Lim SM, Ramasamy K, Mani V, Shah SAA. Design, Synthesis and Biological Potential of 5-(2-Amino-6-(3/4-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol Scaffolds as Promising Antimicrobial and Anticancer Agents. Mini Rev Med Chem 2018; 19:851-864. [PMID: 30306864 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181009141924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A series of 5-(2-amino-6-(3/4-bromophenyl)pyrimidin-4-yl)benzene-1,3-diol scaffolds was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation and characterized by NMR, IR, Mass and elemental analyses. METHODS The synthesized pyrimidine scaffolds were screened for their antimicrobial activity by tube dilution method as well for antiproliferative activity (human colorectal (HCT116) cancer cell line) by SRB assay. RESULTS The antimicrobial screening results demonstrated that compounds, k6, k12, k14 and k20 were found to be the most potent ones against selected microbial species. The anticancer screening results indicated that compounds, k8 and k14 displayed potent anticancer activity against cancer cell line (HCT116). CONCLUSION Further, the molecular docking study carried to find out the interaction between active pyrimidine compounds with CDK-8 protein indicated that compound k14 showed best dock score with better potency within the ATP binding pocket and may be used as a lead for rational drug designing of the anticancer molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak-124001, India
| | | | - Siong Meng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Aryan R, Beyzaei H, Nojavan M, Pirani F, Samareh Delarami H, Sanchooli M. Expedient multicomponent synthesis of a small library of some novel highly substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives mediated and promoted by deep eutectic solvent and in vitro and quantum mechanical study of their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Mol Divers 2018; 23:93-105. [PMID: 30027387 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A facile and efficient catalyst- and oxidant-free multicomponent synthesis of a small library of highly substituted pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives is reported. The products were obtained within relatively short reaction times in good to excellent yields in the presence of deep eutectic solvents as media and promoters. Simple purification and reusability of the deep eutectic solvent were the other beneficial factors of the reported protocol. All of the synthesized derivatives were thoroughly screened for possible in vitro antibacterial and antifungal effects against twenty-two bacterial and three fungal pathogens. Some of the prepared pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives showed remarkable antibacterial and antifungal activities in comparison with some typical known antibacterial and antifungal agents. Finally, the derivatives possessing bioactivity effects were subjected to quantum chemical computational studies in order to reveal the probable structural and electronic effects governing the spotted bioactivities. It was found that the observed bioactivities could be best devoted to the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and para delocalization index of the corresponding derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Aryan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, P. O. Box 9861335856, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Hamid Beyzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, P. O. Box 9861335856, Zabol, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Nojavan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, P. O. Box 9861335856, Zabol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Pirani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, P. O. Box 9861335856, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hojat Samareh Delarami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, P. O. Box 9861335856, Zabol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Sanchooli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, P. O. Box 9861335856, Zabol, Iran
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Kumar S, Lim SM, Ramasamy K, Mani V, Shah SAA, Narasimhan B. Design, synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity study on human colorectal carcinoma cell line of new 4,4'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyrimidin-2-amine) derivatives. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:73. [PMID: 29938365 PMCID: PMC6020093 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0440-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pyrimidine molecules attracted organic chemists very much due to their biological and chemotherapeutic importance. Their related fused heterocycles are of interest as potential bioactive molecules so, we have designed and prepared a new class of 4,4′-(1,4-phenylene)bis(pyrimidin-2-amine) molecules and screened for their in vitro antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxicity studies. Results The structures of synthesized bis-pyrimidine molecules were confirmed by physicochemical and spectral means. The synthesized compounds were further evaluated for their in vitro biological potentials i.e. antimicrobial activity using tube dilution method and anticancer activity against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cancer cell line by Sulforhodamine B assay. Conclusions The biological study demonstrated that compounds s7, s8, s11, s14, s16, s17 and s18 have shown more promising antimicrobial activity with best MIC values than the cefadroxil (antibacterial) and fluconazole (antifungal) and compound s3 found to have better anticancer activity against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cancer cell line.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Adnan Ali Shah
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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Zaki YH, Al-Gendey MS, Abdelhamid AO. A facile synthesis, and antimicrobial and anticancer activities of some pyridines, thioamides, thiazole, urea, quinazoline, β-naphthyl carbamate, and pyrano[2,3-d]thiazole derivatives. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:70. [PMID: 29926299 PMCID: PMC6010368 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chalcones have a place with the flavonoid family and show a few very important pharmacological activities. They can used as initial compounds for synthesis of several heterocyclic compounds. The compounds with the backbone of chalcones have been reported to possess various biological activities. RESULTS Pyridine and thioamide derivatives were obtained from the reaction of 3-(furan-2-yl)-1-(p-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one with the appropriate amount of malononitrile, benzoylacetonitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate and thiosemicarbazide in the presence of ammonium acetate. The reaction of 3,5-di(furan-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide with ethyl 2-chloro-3-oxobutanoate, 3-chloropentane-2,4-dione or ethyl chloroacetate produced thiazole derivatives. Pyrano[2,3-d]thiazole derivatives were obtained as well from thiazolone to arylidene malononitrile. The structures of the title compounds were clarified by elemental analyses, and FTIR, MS and NMR spectra. Some compounds were screened against various microorganisms (i.e., bacteria +ve, bacteria -ve and fungi). We observed that compounds (3a), (4a), (4d), (5), (7) and compound (8) exhibited high cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 cell line, with IC50 values of 23.6, 13.5, 15.1, 9.56, 14.2 and 23.5 μmol mL-1, respectively, while compound (9) was displayed the lowest values against MCF-7 cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Efficient synthetic routes for some prepared pyridines, pyrazoline, thioamide, thiazoles and pyrano[2,3-d]thiazole were created. Moreover, selected newly-synthesized products were evaluated for their antitumor activity against two carcinoma cell lines: breast MCF-7 and colon HCT-116 human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser H Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt. .,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Humanity Studies at Al-Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Al-Quwayiyah, 11971, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marwa S Al-Gendey
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls Branch), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdou O Abdelhamid
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Khalifa NM, Nossier ES, Amr AE. Efficient Synthesis and Reactions of New Functionally Substituted Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine Candidates. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363218060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Hassan AY, Sarg MT, Bayoumi AH, El-Deeb MA. Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Some Novel 5-Amino[1,2,4]Triazole Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Y. Hassan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Girls); Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa T. Sarg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls); Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ashraf H. Bayoumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys); Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Moshira A. El-Deeb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls); Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
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