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A comprehensive review on acridone based derivatives as future anti-cancer agents and their structure activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114527. [PMID: 35717872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug resistance and severe side-effects has reduced the clinical efficacy of the existing anti-cancer drugs available in the market. Thus, there is always a constant need to develop newer anti-cancer drugs with minimal adverse effects. Researchers all over the world have been focusing on various alternative strategies to discover novel, potent, and target specific molecules for cancer therapy. In this direction, several heterocyclic compounds are being explored but amongst them one promising heterocycle is acridone which has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists and gained huge biological importance as acridones are found to act on different therapeutically proven molecular targets, overcome ABC transporters mediated drug resistance and DNA intercalation in cancer cells. Some of these acridone derivatives have reached clinical studies as these heterocycles have shown huge potential in cancer therapeutics and imaging. Here, the authors have attempted to compile and make some recommendations of acridone based derivatives concerning their cancer biological targets and in vitro-cytotoxicity based on drug design and novelty to increase their therapeutic potential. This review also provides some important insights on the design, receptor targeting and future directions for the development of acridones as possible clinically effective anti-cancer agents.
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Mech-Warda P, Giełdoń A, Kawiak A, Maciejewska N, Olszewski M, Makowski M, Chylewska A. Low-Molecular Pyrazine-Based DNA Binders: Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123704. [PMID: 35744829 PMCID: PMC9228100 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazine and its derivatives are a large group of compounds that exhibit broad biological activity, the changes of which can be easily detected by a substituent effect or a change in the functional group. The present studies combined theoretical research with the density functional theory (DFT) approach (B3LYP/6-311+G**) and experimental (potentiometric and spectrophotometric) analysis for a thorough understanding of the structure of chlorohydrazinopyrazine, its physicochemical and cytotoxic properties, and the site and nature of interaction with DNA. The obtained results indicated that 2-chloro-3-hydrazinopyrazine (2Cl3HP) displayed the highest affinity to DNA. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the compound did not exhibit toxicity toward human dermal keratinocytes, which supported the potential application of 2Cl3HP in clinical use. The study also attempted to establish the possible equilibria occurring in the aqueous solution and, using both theoretical and experimental methods, clearly showed the hydrophilic nature of the compound. The experimental and theoretical results of the study confirmed the quality of the compound, as well as the appropriateness of the selected set of methods for similar research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Mech-Warda
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.-W.); (M.M.)
| | - Artur Giełdoń
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Anna Kawiak
- Institute of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Natalia Maciejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Mateusz Olszewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; (N.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Mariusz Makowski
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.-W.); (M.M.)
| | - Agnieszka Chylewska
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.M.-W.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Spectroscopic, viscometric and computational binding study of 1 and 2 substituted anthraquinone analogs to be potential anti-cancer agents. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zhang B, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Wang N, Jin H, Liu F, Zhang C, He S. Synthesis and Anticancer Research of
N
‐(2‐aminophenyl)benzamide Acridine Derivatives as Dual Topoisomerase I and Isoform‐Selective HDAC Inhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Qiting Zhang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Zedong Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Ning Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Haixiao Jin
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Cunlong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Shan He
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ningbo University Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
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A Novel Methoxybenzyl 5-Nitroacridone Derivative Effectively Triggers G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia K562 Cells by Inhibiting CDK4/6-Mediated Phosphorylation of Rb. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145077. [PMID: 32708403 PMCID: PMC7403985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant tumor caused by the abnormal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. Among a new series of acridone derivatives previously synthesized, it was found that the methoxybenzyl 5-nitroacridone derivative 8q has nanomolar cytotoxicity in vitro against human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. In order to further explore the possible anti-leukemia mechanism of action of 8q on K562 cells, a metabolomics and molecular biology study was introduced. It was thus found that most of the metabolic pathways of the G1 phase of K562 cells were affected after 8q treatment. In addition, a concentration-dependent accumulation of cells in the G1 phase was observed by cell cycle analysis. Western blot analysis showed that 8q significantly down-regulated the phosphorylation level of retinoblastoma-associated protein (Rb) in a concentration-dependent manner, upon 48 h treatment. In addition, 8q induced K562 cells apoptosis, through both mitochondria-mediated and exogenous apoptotic pathways. Taken together, these results indicate that 8q effectively triggers G1 cell cycle arrest and induces cell apoptosis in K562 cells, by inhibiting the CDK4/6-mediated phosphorylation of Rb. Furthermore, the possible binding interactions between 8q and CDK4/6 protein were clarified by homology modeling and molecular docking. In order to verify the inhibitory activity of 8q against other chronic myeloid leukemia cells, KCL-22 cells and K562 adriamycin-resistant cells (K562/ADR) were selected for the MTT assay. It is worth noting that 8q showed significant anti-proliferative activity against these cell lines after 48 h/72 h treatment. Therefore, this study provides new mechanistic information and guidance for the development of new acridones for application in the treatment of CML.
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Design, synthesis and biological research of novel N-phenylbenzamide-4-methylamine acridine derivatives as potential topoisomerase I/II and apoptosis-inducing agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:126714. [PMID: 31635931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.126714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel N-phenylbenzamide-4-methylamine acridine derivatives were designed and synthesized based initially on the structure of amsacrine (m-AMSA). Molecular docking suggested that the representative compound 9a had affinity for binding DNA topoisomerase (Topo) II, which was comparable with that of m-AMSA, and furthermore that 9a could have preferential interactions with Topo I. After synthesis of 9a and analogues 9b-9f, these were all tested in vitro and the synthesized compounds displayed potent antiproliferative activity against three different cancer cell lines (K562, CCRF-CEM and U937). Among them, compounds 9b, 9c and 9d exhibiting the highest activity with IC50 value ranging from 0.82 to 0.91 μM against CCRF-CEM cells. In addition, 9b and 9d also showed high antiproliferative activity against U937 cells, with IC50 values of 0.33 and 0.23 μM, respectively. The pharmacological mechanistic studies of these compounds were evaluated by Topo I/II inhibition, western blot assay and cell apoptosis detection. In summary, 9b effectively inhibited the activity of Topo I/II and induced DNA damage in CCRF-CEM cells and, moreover, significantly induced cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner. These observations provide new information and guidance for the structural optimization of more novel acridine derivatives.
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Apoptotic or Antiproliferative Activity of Natural Products against Keratinocytes for the Treatment of Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102558. [PMID: 31137673 PMCID: PMC6566887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products or herbs can be used as an effective therapy for treating psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disease that involves keratinocyte overproliferation. It has been demonstrated that phytomedicine, which is used for psoriasis patients, provides some advantages, including natural sources, a lower risk of adverse effects, and the avoidance of dissatisfaction with conventional therapy. The herbal products’ structural diversity and multiple mechanisms of action have enabled the synergistic activity to mitigate psoriasis. In recent years, the concept of using natural products as antiproliferative agents in psoriasis treatment has attracted increasing attention in basic and clinical investigations. This review highlights the development of an apoptotic or antiproliferatic strategy for natural-product management in the treatment of psoriasis. We systematically introduce the concepts and molecular mechanisms of keratinocyte-proliferation inhibition by crude extracts or natural compounds that were isolated from natural resources, especially plants. Most of these studies focus on evaluation through an in vitro keratinocyte model and an in vivo psoriasis-like animal model. Topical delivery is the major route for the in vivo or clinical administration of these natural products. The potential use of antiproliferative phytomedicine on hyperproliferative keratinocytes suggests a way forward for generating advances in the field of psoriasis therapy.
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Assessment of DNA Topoisomerase I Unwinding Activity, Radical Scavenging Capacity, and Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Viability of N-alkyl-acridones and N, N'-dialkyl-9,9'-biacridylidenes. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050177. [PMID: 31072044 PMCID: PMC6572364 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer activity of acridone derivatives has attracted increasing interest, therefore, a variety of substituted analogs belonging to this family have been developed and evaluated for their anti-cancer properties. A series of N-alkyl-acridones 1–6 and N,N′-dialkyl-9,9′-biacridylidenes 7–12 with variable alkyl chains were examined for their topoisomerase I activity at neutral and acidic conditions as well as for their binding capacity to calf thymus and possible radical trapping antioxidant activity. It was found that at a neutral pH, topoisomerase I activity of both classes of compounds was similar, while under acidic conditions, enhanced intercalation was observed. N-alkyl-acridone derivatives 1–6 exhibited stronger, dose-dependent, cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 human breast epithelial cancer cells than N,N′-dialkyl-9,9′-biacridylidenes 7–12, revealing that conjugation of the heteroaromatic system plays a significant role on the effective distribution of the compound in the intracellular environment. Cellular investigation of long alkyl derivatives against cell migration exhibited 40–50% wound healing effects and cytoplasm diffusion, while compounds with shorter alkyl chains were accumulated both in the nucleus and cytoplasm. All N,N′-dialkyl-9,9′-biacridylidenes showed unexpected high scavenging activity towards DPPH or ABTS radicals which may be explained by higher stabilization of radical cations by the extended conjugation of heteroaromatic ring system.
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Wang N, Zhang B, Jin F, Gao D, Liu F, Liu H, Jiang Y. Combing metabolomics with bioanalysis methods to study the antitumor mechanism of the new acridone derivative 8q on CCRF-CEM cells: 8q induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and targeted the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 pathway. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:314-322. [PMID: 30114609 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A novel acridone derivative, N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-1-((3-methoxybenzyl)amino)-5- nitro-9-oxo-9,10-dihydro-acridine-4-carboxamide (8q), which was synthesized in our lab, showed potent anti-leukaemia activity against CCRF-CEM cells. Moreover, in silico predictions showed that 8q conformed to the rule of five and displayed low toxicity. However, the mechanism of anti-leukaemia action remains unclear. The aim of this research was to reveal the probable anti-leukaemia mechanism of 8q on CCRF-CEM cells. Flow cytometry assay demonstrated that 8q induced apoptosis. The expression of caspase family proteins results showed that 8q could only promote cleaved caspase-3, 7 and 9 expressions without affecting cleaved caspase-8 protein, hinting that 8q induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. Further, we detected 3 indicators of mitochondrial lesions, including increased of Cyt-C release, with a decrease in MMP and ATP levels. Next, metabolomics were introduced to assist in the research of the anti-leukaemia mechanism of 8q. The metabolomics results showed that 100 nM 8q could increase the level of GSH, and decrease its oxidation products. These indicated 8q could influence the ROS, which derived by mitochondria. Then we examined the effect of 8q on intracellular ROS levels. What is particularly interesting is that 8q inhibited cell ROS stress at low concentration and stimulated ROS stress at high concentration. The pro-apoptosis mechanisms of 8q were then explored. 8q significantly decreased anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, whereas it up-regulated the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bak, Bad, Bik and Puma expression. In addition, 8q dramatically inhibited the expression of FASN, which is related to fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, PI3K, AKT and FOXO1 were inactivated, and the expression of total AKT was also inhibited by 8q treatment, which promoted intrinsic apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that 8q can induce mitochondrial lesions and promote mitochondrial-mediated pathway apoptosis by regulating the expression of Bcl-2 family proteins and inhibiting the activity of the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin Kenneth Li Marine Biopharmaceutical Research Center Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Feng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolomics at Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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de Almeida SMV, Ribeiro AG, de Lima Silva GC, Ferreira Alves JE, Beltrão EIC, de Oliveira JF, de Carvalho LB, Alves de Lima MDC. DNA binding and Topoisomerase inhibition: How can these mechanisms be explored to design more specific anticancer agents? Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1538-1556. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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11
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Li W, Sun Q, Song L, Gao C, Liu F, Chen Y, Jiang Y. Discovery of 1-(3-aryl-4-chlorophenyl)-3-(p-aryl)urea derivatives against breast cancer by inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Hedgehog signalings. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:721-733. [PMID: 29107429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog (Hh) signalings are two important pathways in breast cancer, which are usually connected with the drug resistance and cancer migration. Many studies indicated that PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors and Hh inhibitors displayed synergistic effects, and the combination of the two signaling drugs could delay drug resistance and inhibit cancer migration in breast cancer. Therefore, the development of molecules simultaneously inhibiting these two pathways is urgent needed. Based on the structures of PI3K inhibitor buparlisib and Hh inhibitor vismodegib, a series of hybrid structures were designed and synthesized utilizing rational drug design and computer-based drug design. Several compounds displayed excellent antiproliferative activities against several breast cancer cell lines, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cell. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that the representative compound 9i could inhibit both PI3K/Akt/mTOR and hedgehog (Hh) signalings by inhibiting the phosphorylation of S6K and Akt as well as decreasing the SAG elevated expression of Gli1. Compound 9i could also induce apoptosis remarkably in T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. In the transwell assay, 9i showed significant inhibition on the migration of MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlu Li
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Lu Song
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China; The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Yuzong Chen
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Bioinformatics and Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Centre for Computational Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The Ministry-Province Jointly Constructed Base for State Key Lab-Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China; National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, The Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-amidobenzimidazole acridine derivatives as dual PARP and Topo inhibitors for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1135-1146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Murahari M, Prakash KV, Peters GJ, Mayur YC. Acridone-pyrimidine hybrids- design, synthesis, cytotoxicity studies in resistant and sensitive cancer cells and molecular docking studies. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:961-981. [PMID: 28886509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid systems of acridones with substituted pyrimidines were designed with an objective of discovering next generation anticancer agents targeting multiple mechanisms in the cancer cell. Hybrid compounds were synthesized by simple and convenient methods in the lab, characterized by NMR and Mass spectral methods and screened for cytotoxicity against A549 (lung), Hela (cervical), MCF7 (breast) and MDA-MB-231 (breast) cancer cell lines respectively. Evaluation of compounds for cell proliferation identified active compounds 11b, 11d and 11h against MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and A549 cell lines. Further absorption titrations with CT-DNA and gel electrophoresis identified that hybrid molecules displayed anticancer activity partly by DNA intercalation. Also further results of western blotting assay with Akt kinase identified that hybrid compounds have the ability to inhibit the Akt kinase activity and induce apoptosis, with ABCC1 suggests that active compounds too have the ability to modulate multidrug resistance (MDR) associated with ABCC1/MRP1. Selective Akt1 kinase assay have identified 11a, 11b, 11d and 11h as potential inhibitors. Molecular docking studies identified the orientation and binding interactions at the active site of Akt1 and DNA. Compounds 12e and 12f have shown good cytotoxicity profile against lung cancer cell lines of sensitive and resistant type. Acute toxicity study of compound 12f at the dose of 5000 mg/kg has identified no signs of clinical toxicity. Prediction of ADMET properties and oral toxicity of the drug likeness features of new hybrid systems were carried out using software's. This experimental data suggests that hybrid systems of acridone with substituted pyrimidines can be taken as a lead for the design of efficient inhibitors and active compounds which can be taken up for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India
| | | | - Godefridus J Peters
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y C Mayur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS- Deemed to be University, Mumbai 400 056, India.
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Cui Z, Chen S, Wang Y, Gao C, Chen Y, Tan C, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis and evaluation of azaacridine derivatives as dual-target EGFR and Src kinase inhibitors for antitumor treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 136:372-381. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Li D, Yuan Z, Chen S, Zhang C, Song L, Gao C, Chen Y, Tan C, Jiang Y. Synthesis and biological research of novel azaacridine derivatives as potent DNA-binding ligands and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:3437-3446. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Yuan Z, Sun Q, Li D, Miao S, Chen S, Song L, Gao C, Chen Y, Tan C, Jiang Y. Design, synthesis and anticancer potential of NSC-319745 hydroxamic acid derivatives as DNMT and HDAC inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 134:281-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Design, synthesis, antitumor evaluation, 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies of novel 4-aminoacridone compounds. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1953-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Murahari M, Kharkar PS, Lonikar N, Mayur YC. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular docking and QSAR studies of 2,4-dimethylacridones as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:154-170. [PMID: 28246041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manikanta Murahari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai 400 056, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560 054, India
| | - Prashant S Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Nitin Lonikar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, AME's V.L. College of Pharmacy, Raichur 584103, India
| | - Y C Mayur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400 056, India.
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19
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Novel multi-substituted benzyl acridone derivatives as survivin inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:337-348. [PMID: 28237663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib was the only small-molecule drug approved by FDA for treatment of the advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Recent study indicated that YM155 was a promising agent for HCC cells with high survivin expression, however, the antitumor activity needs to be further improved. Based on molecular docking and rational design method, a series of multi-substituted benzyl acridone derivatives were designed and synthesized. MTT assay indicated that some of the synthesized compounds displayed better antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cells than YM155. Later study indicated that the representive compound 8u may directly interact with survivin protein and induce HepG2 cells apoptosis, which is different from YM155. In addition, ADME property was predicted in silico, and it performed well. Moreover, in vivo preliminary experiments showed that 8u may be a good lead compound in the treatment of HCC.
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20
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Gensicka-Kowalewska M, Cholewiński G, Dzierzbicka K. Recent developments in the synthesis and biological activity of acridine/acridone analogues. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01026e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many people in the world struggle with cancer or bacterial, parasitic, viral, Alzheimer's and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grzegorz Cholewiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
| | - Krystyna Dzierzbicka
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Chemical Faculty
- Gdansk University of Technology
- 80-233 Gdansk
- Poland
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21
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Akhtar J, Khan AA, Ali Z, Haider R, Shahar Yar M. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) study and design strategies of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties for their anticancer activities. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 125:143-189. [PMID: 27662031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review article offers a detailed account of the design strategies employed for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing anticancer agents. The results of different studies describe the N-heterocyclic ring system is a core structure in many synthetic compounds exhibiting a broad range of biological activities. Benzimidazole, benzothiazole, indole, acridine, oxadiazole, imidazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, triazoles, quinolines and quinazolines including others drugs containing pyridazine, pyridine and pyrimidines are covered. The following studies of these compounds suggested that these compounds showed their antitumor activities through multiple mechanisms including inhibiting protein kinase (CDK, MK-2, PLK1, kinesin-like protein Eg5 and IKK), topoisomerase I and II, microtubule inhibition, and many others. Our concise representation exploits the design and anticancer potency of these compounds. The direct comparison of anticancer activities with the standard enables a systematic analysis of the structure-activity relationship among the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ahsan Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Zulphikar Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Rafi Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - M Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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22
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Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of 9-benzylamino-6-chloro-2-methoxy-acridine derivatives as potent DNA-binding ligands and topoisomerase II inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 116:59-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of acridine derivatives as multi-target Src and MEK kinase inhibitors for anti-tumor treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:261-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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