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Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhao H, Yao GD, Liu Q, Song SJ. New daphnane diterpenoidal 1,3,4-oxdiazole derivatives as potential anti-hepatoma agents: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107208. [PMID: 38354501 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major challenge for human healthy. Daphnane-type diterpenes have attracted increasingly attention due to remarkable pharmaceutical potential including anti-HCC activity. To further develop this class of compounds as inhibitors of HCC, the daphnane diterpenoids 12-O-debenzoyl-Yuanhuacine (YHC) and 12-hydroxydaphnetoxin (YHE) were prepared by a standard chemical transformation from dried flower buds of the Daphne genkwa plant. Subsequently, 22 daphnane diterpenoidal 1,3,4-oxdiazole derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized based on YHC and YHE. The assessment of the target compound's anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity revealed that YHC1 exhibited comparable activity to sorafenib in the Hep3B cell line, while demonstrating higher selectivity. The mechanistic investigation demonstrates that compound YHC1 induces cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, cellular senescence, apoptosis, and elevates cellular reactive oxygen species levels. Moreover, molecular docking and CETSA results confirm the interaction between YHC1 and YAP1 as well as TEAD1. Co-IP experiments further validated that YHC1 can effectively inhibit the binding of YAP1 and TEAD1. In conclusion, YHC1 selectively targets YAP1 and TEAD1, exhibiting its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effects through the inhibition of their interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Zijian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Jilin Yizheng Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jilin Province, Siping 136001, PR China
| | - Guo-Dong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
| | - Qingbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China; Jilin Yizheng Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jilin Province, Siping 136001, PR China.
| | - Shao-Jiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Natural Medicine Active Molecule Research & Development, Liaoning Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Natural Bioactive Compounds Discovery & Modification, Shenyang, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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2
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Yücel NT, Asfour AAR, Evren AE, Yazıcı C, Kandemir Ü, Özkay ÜD, Can ÖD, Yurttaş L. Design and synthesis of novel dithiazole carboxylic acid Derivatives: In vivo and in silico investigation of their Anti-Inflammatory and analgesic effects. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107120. [PMID: 38219479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex set of interactions that can occur in tissues as the body's defensive response to infections, trauma, allergens, or toxic compounds. Therefore, in almost all diseases, it can be observed because of primary or secondary reasons. Since it is important to control and even eliminate the symptoms of inflammation in the treatment of many diseases, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs are always needed in the clinic. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs with increased effectiveness and safer side effect profiles is among the popular topics of medicinal chemistry. Therefore, in this study, in order to synthesize and diversify new molecules, we focused on the N,N-dithiazole carboxylic acid core and linked it with the chalcone functional group. The final eleven molecules were analyzed via HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The antinociceptive effects of the test compounds were examined by tail-clip, hot-plate, and formalin methods in mice, while their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by carrageenan-induced inflammation tests in rats. The motor activities of the experimental animals were evaluated using an activity-meter device. Obtained findings revealed that none of the test compounds (10 mg/kg) were effective in the tail-clip and hot-plate tests. However, compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4 h, and 4 k in the serial shortened the paw-licking times of mice in the late phase of the formalin test indicating that these compounds had peripherally-mediated antinociceptive effects. The same compounds, moreover, showed potent anti-inflammatory effects by significantly reducing paw edema of rats in the inflammation tests. To provide an approach to pharmacological findings regarding possible mechanisms of action, the binding modes of the most active compounds were investigated by in silico approaches. The results of molecular docking studies indicated that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the compounds might be related to the inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes. Findings obtained from in silico studies showed that 4 k, which was chosen as a model for its analogs in the series, forms strong bindings to the basic residues (Arg120, Tyr355), side pocket loop area and deep hydrophobic regions of the enzyme. Moreover, results of the molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that ligand-COX enzyme complexes are quite stable. Obtained results of in vivo and in silico studies are in harmony, and all together point out that compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4 h, and 4 k have significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with good ADME profiles. The potential of the derivatives, whose pharmacological activities were revealed for the first time in this study, as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug candidates, needs to be evaluated through comprehensive clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Abd Al Rahman Asfour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey; Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Turkey.
| | - Cevşen Yazıcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Kandemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
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3
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Gharge S, Alegaon SG. Recent Studies of Nitrogen and Sulfur Containing Heterocyclic Analogues as Novel Antidiabetic Agents: A Review. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301738. [PMID: 38126280 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on the rise, which demands the identification of novel antidiabetic drugs. There is a need for safer and more effective alternatives because the therapy methods now available to manage diabetes have limits. Due to their diverse pharmacological characteristics, heterocyclic molecules with nitrogen and Sulfur atoms have become intriguing candidates in medicinal chemistry. These substances have a wide variety of structures that can be customized to target different pathways associated with diabetes and can affect important biological targets involved in glucose homeostasis. This review provides a thorough summary of the most recent studies on heterocyclic analogues of nitrogen and Sulfur as prospective antidiabetic agents. This review examines the variety of their structural forms, their methods of action, and assesses the results of preclinical and clinical investigations on their effectiveness and safety. Additionally, further optimization and development of innovative antidiabetic medications are highlighted, as well as the difficulties and prospects for the future in utilizing the therapeutic potential of these analogues. This study seeks to stimulate additional investigation and cooperation between researchers and medicinal chemists, promoting improvements in the creation of efficient and secure antidiabetic medicines to fulfill the needs in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gharge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, 590 010, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - S G Alegaon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, 590 010, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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4
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Prabhakar PK, Batiha GES. Potential Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:3167-3181. [PMID: 37125833 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230501172557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the lifelong chronic metabolic diseases which is prevalent globally. There is a continuous rise in the number of people suffering from this disease with time. It is characterized by hyperglycemia, which leads to severe damage to the body's system, such as blood vessels and nerves. Diabetes occurs due to the dysfunction of pancreatic β -cell which leads to the reduction in the production of insulin or body cells unable to use insulin produce efficiently. As per the data shared International diabetes federation (IDF), there are around 415 million affected by this disease worldwide. There are a number of hit targets available that can be focused on treating diabetes. There are many drugs available and still under development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and glucokinase activator is emerging targets for type 2 diabetes treatment. Diabetes management can be supplemented with drug intervention for obesity. The antidiabetic drug sale is the second-largest in the world, trailing only that of cancer. The future of managing diabetes will be guided by research on various novel targets and the development of various therapeutic leads, such as GLP-1 agonists, DPP-IV inhibitors, and SGLT2 inhibitors that have recently completed their different phases of clinical trials. Among these therapeutic targets associated with type 2 diabetes, this review focused on some common therapeutic targets for developing novel drug candidates of the newer generation with better safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
- Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara (Punjab) 144411, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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5
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Chen C, Guo SM, Sun Y, Li H, Hu N, Yao K, Ni H, Xia Z, Xu B, Xie X, Long YQ. Discovery of orally effective and safe GPR40 agonists by incorporating a chiral, rigid and polar sulfoxide into β-position to the carboxylic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 251:115267. [PMID: 36933395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
GPR40 is primarily expressed in pancreatic islet β-cells, and its activation by endogenous ligands of medium to long-chain free fatty acids or synthetic agonists is clinically proved to improve glycemic control by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion. However, most of the reported agonists are highly lipophilic, which might cause lipotoxicity and the off-target effects in CNS. Particularly, the withdrawal of TAK-875 from clinical trials phase III due to liver toxicity concern threw doubt over the long-term safety of targeting GPR40. Improving the efficacy and the selectivity, thus enlarging the therapeutic window would provide an alternative to develop safe GPR40-targeted therapeutics. Herein, by employing an innovative "three-in-one" pharmacophore drug design strategy, the optimal structural features for GPR40 agonist was integrated into one functional group of sulfoxide, which was incorporated into the β-position of the propanoic acid core pharmacophore. As a result, the conformational constraint, polarity as well as chirality endowed by the sulfoxide significantly enhanced the efficacy, selectivity and ADMET properties of the novel (S)- 2-(phenylsulfinyl)acetic acid-based GPR40 agonists. The lead compounds (S)-4a and (S)-4s exhibited robust plasma glucose-lowering effects and insulinotropic action during an oral glucose tolerance test in C57/BL6 mice, excellent pharmacokinetic profile and little hepatobiliary transporter inhibition, marginal cell toxicities against human primary hepatocyte at 100 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shi-Meng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanjun Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Kun Yao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huxin Ni
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhikan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Ya-Qiu Long
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China; Department of Pharmacy, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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6
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Zhou Z, Cai Z, Zhang C, Yang B, Chen L, He Y, Zhang L, Li Z. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dual FFA1 and PPARδ agonists possessing phenoxyacetic acid scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 56:116615. [PMID: 35051813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1/GPR40) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) have been widely considered as promising targets for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their respective roles in promoting insulin secretion and improving insulin sensitivity. Hence, the dual FFA1/PPARδ agonists may exert synergistic effects by simultaneously activating FFA1 and PPARδ. The present study performed systematic exploration around previously reported FFA1 agonist 2-(2-fluoro-4-((2'-methyl-4'-(3-(methylsulfonyl)propoxy)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methoxy)phenoxy)acetic acid (lead compound), leading to the identification of a novel dual FFA1/PPARδ agonist 2-(2-fluoro-4-((3-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)benzyl)oxy)phenoxy)acetic acid (the optimal compound), which displayed high selectivity over PPARα and PPARγ. In addition, the docking study provided us with detailed binding modes of the optimal compound in FFA1 and PPARδ. Furthermore, the optimal compound exhibited greater glucose-lowering effects than lead compound, which might attribute to its synergistic effects by simultaneously modulating insulin secretion and resistance. Moreover, the optimal compound has an acceptable safety profile in the acute toxicity study at a high dose of 500 mg/kg Therefore, our results provided a novel dual FFA1/PPARδ agonist with excellent glucose-lowering effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Congzi Zhang
- Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University Of Science And Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China
| | - Benhui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lianru Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yepu He
- Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University Of Science And Technology, Xianning 437000, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Construction and Application of New Drug Screening Model Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; National Key Clinical Department (Clinical Pharmacy), The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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7
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Wang B, Cai Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Jiao S, Ren Q, Wang X, Geng X, Li Z, Wang G. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel FFA1 partial agonists bearing oxime ether scaffold**. ChemistrySelect 2022; 7. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- National Key Clinical Department (Clinical Pharmacy) The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Siliang Chen
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ya Chen
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shixuan Jiao
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Qiang Ren
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xuekun Wang
- College of Pharmacy Liaocheng University Liaocheng 252059 China
| | - Xinqian Geng
- Department of Endocrinology The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University and the Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province Kunming 650021 China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Evaluation Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- National Key Clinical Department (Clinical Pharmacy) The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Guangji Wang
- School of Pharmacy Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
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8
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Jadhav PM, Kantevari S, Tekale AB, Bhosale SV, Pawar RP, Tekale SU. A review on biological and medicinal significance of thiazoles. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1945601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atam B. Tekale
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Shivaji College, Parbhani, India
| | | | - Rajendra P. Pawar
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Chhatrapati College, Aurangabad, India
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9
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M, Jain N, Sanz D, Claramunt RM, Twamley B, Rozas I. An efficient, one-pot, regioselective synthesis of 2-aryl/hetaryl-4-methyl-5-acylthiazoles under solvent-free conditions. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.1975119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Dionisia Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland
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10
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Che J, Dai X, Gao J, Sheng H, Zhan W, Lu Y, Li D, Gao Z, Jin Z, Chen B, Luo P, Yang B, Hu Y, He Q, Weng Q, Dong X. Discovery of N-((3 S,4 S)-4-(3,4-Difluorophenyl)piperidin-3-yl)-2-fluoro-4-(1-methyl-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (Hu7691), a Potent and Selective Akt Inhibitor That Enables Decrease of Cutaneous Toxicity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12163-12180. [PMID: 34375113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rash is one of the primary dose-limiting toxicities of Akt (protein kinase B) inhibitors in clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate the inhibition of Akt2 isozyme may be a driver for keratinocyte apoptosis, which promotes us to search for new selective Akt inhibitors with an improved cutaneous safety property. According to our previous research, compound 2 is selected for further optimization for overcoming the disadvantages of compound 1, including high Akt2 inhibition and high toxicity against HaCaT keratinocytes. The dihedral angle-based design and molecular dynamics simulation lead to the identification of Hu7691 (B5) that achieves a 24-fold selectivity between Akt1 and Akt2. Hu7691 exhibits low activity in inducing HaCaT apoptosis, promising kinase selectivity, and excellent anticancer cell proliferation potencies. Based on the superior results of safety property, pharmacokinetic profile, and in vivo efficacy, the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) approved the investigational new drug (IND) application of Hu7691.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Che
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Dai
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jian Gao
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Haichao Sheng
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Wenhu Zhan
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zizheng Gao
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zegao Jin
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Binhui Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Peihua Luo
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowu Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Drug Discovery and Design, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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11
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Rani L, Grewal AS, Sharma N, Singh S. Recent Updates on Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (GPR-40) Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 21:426-470. [PMID: 33100202 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666201023141326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has enthused the development of new antidiabetic targets with low toxicity and long-term stability. In this respect, free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), which is also recognized as a G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), is a novel target for the treatment of T2DM. FFAR1/GPR40 has a high level of expression in β-cells of the pancreas, and the requirement of glucose for stimulating insulin release results in immense stimulation to utilise this target in the medication of T2DM. METHODS The data used for this review is based on the search of several scienctific databases as well as various patent databases. The main search terms used were free fatty acid receptor 1, FFAR1, FFAR1 agonists, diabetes mellitus, G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), GPR40 agonists, GPR40 ligands, type 2 diabetes mellitus and T2DM. RESULTS The present review article gives a brief overview of FFAR1, its role in T2DM, recent developments in small molecule FFAR1 (GPR40) agonists reported till now, compounds of natural/plant origin, recent patents published in the last few years, mechanism of FFAR1 activation by the agonists, and clinical status of the FFAR1/GPR40 agonists. CONCLUSION The agonists of FFAR1/GRP40 showed considerable potential for the therapeutic control of T2DM. Most of the small molecule FFAR1/GPR40 agonists developed were aryl alkanoic acid derivatives (such as phenylpropionic acids, phenylacetic acids, phenoxyacetic acids, and benzofuran acetic acid derivatives) and thiazolidinediones. Some natural/plant-derived compounds, including fatty acids, sesquiterpenes, phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, isoquinoline, and indole alkaloids, were also reported as potent FFAR1 agonists. The clinical investigations of the FFAR1 agonists demonstrated their probable role in the improvement of glucose control. Though, there are some problems still to be resolved in this field as some FFAR1 agonists terminated in the late phase of clinical studies due to "hepatotoxicity." Currently, PBI-4050 is under clinical investigation by Prometic. Further investigation of pharmacophore scaffolds for FFAR1 full agonists as well as multitargeted modulators and corresponding clinical investigations will be anticipated, which can open up new directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Rani
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ajmer Singh Grewal
- Chitkara University School of Basic Sciences, Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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12
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Discovery and evaluation of novel benzazepinone derivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors with potent activity. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:897-909. [PMID: 33906369 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen phosphorylase (GP) is a key enzyme of glycogen catabolism, so it is significant to discover a new GP inhibitor. A series of benzazepinone derivatives were discovered as GP inhibitors with potent activity. Among these derivatives, compound 5d showed significant potential against rabbit muscle GPa (IC50 = 0.25 ± 0.05 μM) and cellular efficacy. The in vivo study revealed that 5d significantly inhibited increases in fasting blood glucose level in two kinds of hyperglycemic mice models. The possible binding mode of compound 5d was explored based on molecular docking simulations. These results indicated that derivatives with benzazepinone were potential chemical entities against hyperglycemia.
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13
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Li Z, Ren Q, Wang X, Zhou Z, Hu L, Deng L, Guan L, Qiu Q. Discovery of HWL-088: A highly potent FFA1/GPR40 agonist bearing a phenoxyacetic acid scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Li Z, Hu L, Wang X, Zhou Z, Deng L, Xu Y, Zhang L. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel dual FFA1 (GPR40)/PPARδ agonists as potential anti-diabetic agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103254. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Potent pharmacophoric aminothiazole derivatives as FabH inhibitors for antibacterial activity: in vitro and in silico approach. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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16
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Ghonim AE, Ligresti A, Rabbito A, Mahmoud AM, Di Marzo V, Osman NA, Abadi AH. Structure-activity relationships of thiazole and benzothiazole derivatives as selective cannabinoid CB2 agonists with in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:154-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Lee W, Shin C, Park SE, Joo JM. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Thiazole-Containing Triarylethylenes by Hydroarylation of Alkynes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12913-12924. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Woohyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Eun Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Joo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute of Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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18
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Li Z, Liu C, Yang J, Zhou J, Ye Z, Feng D, Yue N, Tong J, Huang W, Qian H. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel FFA1/GPR40 agonists: New breakthrough in an old scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 179:608-622. [PMID: 31279294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on an old phenoxyacetic acid scaffold, CPU014 (compound 14) has been identified as a superior agonist by comprehensive exploration of structure-activity relationship. In vitro toxicity study suggested that CPU014 has lower risk of hepatotoxicity than TAK-875. During acute toxicity study (5-500 mg/kg), a favorable therapeutic window of CPU014 was observed by evaluation of plasma profiles and liver slices. Moreover, CPU014 promotes insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner, while no GLP-1 secretion has been enhanced. Other than good pharmacokinetic properties, CPU014 significantly improved glucose tolerance both in normal and diabetic models without the risk of hypoglycemia. These subversive findings provided a safer candidate CPU014, which is currently in preclinical study to assess its potential for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jianyong Yang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Ye
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Dazhi Feng
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Na Yue
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Jiayi Tong
- Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
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19
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Liu B, Deng L, Chen H, Liao R, Li Y, Zeng X, Deng F, Zhang L, Li Z. Design, synthesis and biological activity of deuterium-based FFA1 agonists with improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1471-1475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Li Z, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Deng L, Xu Y, Hu L, Liu B, Zhang L. Discovery of first-in-class thiazole-based dual FFA1/PPARδ agonists as potential anti-diabetic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:352-365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Yang J, Gu E, Yan T, Shen D, Feng B, Tang C. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a series of novel phenylpropanoic acid derivatives agonists for the FFA1. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:900-909. [PMID: 30657643 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Free fatty acid 1 (FFA1/GPR40) has attracted extensive attention as a novel target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes for its role in the enhancement of insulin secretion with glucose dependency. Aiming to develop novel potent FFA1 agonists, a new series of phenylpropionic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized on the basis of the modification of chemical cement of TAK-875, AMG-837, and LY2881835. Among them, most promising compounds 7, 14, and 15 were obtained with EC50 values of 82, 79, and 88 nM, exhibiting a powerful agonistic activity compared to TAK-875 (95.1 nM). During Oral glucose tolerance test in normal mice, compound 7, 14, and 15 had significant glucose-lowering effect at the dose of 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, compound 15 (50 mg/kg) also significantly improved in glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic mice. Herein, we reported the discovery and optimization of a series of potent FFA1 agonists. The discovery supported further exploration surrounding this scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaju Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Enke Gu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Jiangyin Tianjiang Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daoming Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bainian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunlei Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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22
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Chitre NM, Moniri NH, Murnane KS. Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Druggable Therapeutics for Neurodegenerative Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2019; 18:735-749. [PMID: 31724519 PMCID: PMC7204890 DOI: 10.2174/1871527318666191114093749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are commonly associated with a complex pattern of pathophysiological hallmarks, including increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which makes their treatment challenging. Omega-3 Fatty Acids (O3FA) are natural products with reported neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These effects have been attributed to their incorporation into neuronal membranes or through the activation of intracellular or recently discovered cell-surface receptors (i.e., Free-Fatty Acid Receptors; FFAR). Molecular docking studies have investigated the roles of O3FA as agonists of FFAR and have led to the development of receptor-specific targeted agonists for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, novel formulation strategies for targeted delivery of O3FA to the brain have supported their development as therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the compelling evidence of the beneficial effects of O3FA for several neuroprotective functions, they are currently only available as unregulated dietary supplements, with only a single FDA-approved prescription product, indicated for triglyceride reduction. This review highlights the relative safety and efficacy of O3FA, their drug-like properties, and their capacity to be formulated in clinically viable drug delivery systems. Interestingly, the presence of cardiac conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia is associated with brain pathophysiological hallmarks of neurodegeneration, such as neuroinflammation, thereby further suggesting potential therapeutic roles of O3FA for neurodegenerative disorders. Taken together, this review article summarizes and integrates the compelling evidence regarding the feasibility of developing O3FA and their synthetic derivatives as potential drugs for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha M. Chitre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Nader H. Moniri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Kevin S. Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Mercer University, Atlanta, GA USA
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23
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Wang X, Xu Y, Feng S, Huang X, Meng X, Chen J, Guo L, Ge J, Zhang J, Chen J, Cheng L, Gu K, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Ning X. A potent free fatty acid receptor 1 agonist with a glucose-dependent antihyperglycemic effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8975-8978. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PAFA is a promising free fatty acid receptor 1 agonist with a glucose-dependent antihyperglycemic effect, allowing for treating type-2 diabetes.
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24
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Li Z, Zhou Z, Deng F, Li Y, Zhang D, Zhang L. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel pan agonists of FFA1, PPARγ and PPARδ. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:267-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Bi F, Song D, Zhang N, Liu Z, Gu X, Hu C, Cai X, Venter H, Ma S. Design, synthesis and structure-based optimization of novel isoxazole-containing benzamide derivatives as FtsZ modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 159:90-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Sun Z, Zhou T, Pan X, Yang Y, Huan Y, Xiao Z, Shen Z, Liu Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel GPR40 agonists containing nitrogen heterocyclic rings. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3050-3056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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27
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Li Z, Xu X, Liu R, Deng F, Zeng X, Zhang L. Nitric oxide donor-based FFA1 agonists: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation as potential anti-diabetic and anti-thrombotic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4560-4566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Structure-based design of free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing non-biphenyl scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:296-302. [PMID: 29980115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) enhances the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without the risk of hypoglycemia. However, most of FFA1 agonists have a common biphenyl moiety, leading to a relative deprivation in structure types. Herein, we describe the exploration of non-biphenyl scaffold based on the co-crystal structure of FFA1 to increase additional interactions with the lateral residues, which led to the identification of lead compounds 3 and 9. In induced-fit docking study, compound 3 forms an edge-on interaction with Trp150 by slightly rotating the indole ring of Trp150, and compound 9 has additional hydrogen bond and δ-π interactions with Leu135, which demonstrated the feasibility of our design strategy. Moreover, lead compounds 3 and 9 revealed improved polar surface area compared to GW9508, and have considerable hypoglycemic effects in mice. This structure-based study might inspire us to design more promising FFA1 agonists by increasing additional interactions with the residues outside of binding pocket.
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29
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Liu C, Li Z, Shi W, Li H, Wang N, Dai Y, Liao C, Huang W, Qian H. Improving metabolic stability with deuterium: The discovery of HWL-066, a potent and long-acting free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1547-1554. [PMID: 29777569 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) is a potential target due to its function in enhancing of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The FFA1 agonist GW9508 has great potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but it has been suffering from high plasma clearance probably because the phenylpropanoic acid is vulnerable to β-oxidation. To identify orally available analog without influence on the unique pharmacological mechanism of GW9508, we tried to interdict the metabolically labile group by incorporating two deuterium atoms at the α-position of phenylpropionic acid affording compound 4 (HWL-066). As expected, HWL-066 revealed a lower clearance (CL = 0.23 L-1 hr-1 kg-1 ), higher maximum concentration (Cmax = 5907.47 μg/L), and longer half-life (T1/2 = 3.50 hr), resulting in a 2.8-fold higher exposure than GW9508. Moreover, the glucose-lowering effect of HWL-066 was far better than that of GW9508 and comparable with TAK-875. Different from glibenclamide, no side-effect of hypoglycemia was observed in mice after oral administrating HWL-066 (80 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Liu
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huilan Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nasi Wang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxuan Dai
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Liao
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Kerru N, Singh-Pillay A, Awolade P, Singh P. Current anti-diabetic agents and their molecular targets: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:436-488. [PMID: 29751237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition characterized by the body's loss of control over blood sugar. The frequency of diagnosed cases and consequential increases in medical costs makes it a rapidly growing chronic disease that threatens human health worldwide. In addition, its unnerving statistical projections are perilous to both the economy of the nation and man's life expectancy. Type-I and type-II diabetes are the two clinical forms of diabetes mellitus. Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is illustrated by the abnormality of glucose homeostasis in the body, resulting in hyperglycemia. Although significant research attention has been devoted to the development of diabetes regimens, which demonstrates success in lowering blood glucose levels, their efficacies are unsustainable due to undesirable side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Over the years, heterocyclic scaffolds have been the basis of anti-diabetic chemotherapies; hence, in this review we consolidate the use of bioactive scaffolds, which have been evaluated for their biological response as inhibitors against their respective anti-diabetic molecular targets over the past five years (2012-2017). Our investigation reveals a diverse target set which includes; protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidly peptidase-4 (DPP-4), free fatty acid receptors 1 (FFAR1), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, glycogen phosphorylase (GP), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glucagon receptor (GCGr) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This review offers a medium on which future drug design and development toward diabetes management may be modelled (i.e. optimization via structural derivatization), as many of the drug candidates highlighted show promise as an effective anti-diabetic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
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Chen T, Ning M, Ye Y, Wang K, Leng Y, Shen J. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of GPR40 agonists containing amide linker. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:175-194. [PMID: 29705709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1/GPR40) attracted significant attention as a potential target for developing novel antidiabetic drugs because of its unique mechanism in glucose homeostasis. Several reports have expressed concerns about central nervous system (CNS) penetration of GPR40 agonists, which is possibly attributed to their high lipophilicity and low total polar surface area. Herein, we report our efforts to improve the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles of LY2881835, a GPR40 agonist that had undergone Phase I clinical trial, through a series of structural optimizations. We identified an orally efficacious compound, 15k, which possessed increased plasma exposure, prolonged half-life and reduced CNS exposure and liver to plasma distribution ratio compared with LY2881835. 15k is a potentially valuable lead compound in the development of safe and efficacious GPR40-targeted drugs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengmeng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yangliang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jianhua Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Li Z, Liu C, Shi W, Cai X, Dai Y, Liao C, Huang W, Qian H. Identification of highly potent and orally available free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing isoxazole scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:703-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of deuterated phenylpropionic acid derivatives as potent and long-acting free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:303-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Structure-based optimization of free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing thiazole scaffold. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:429-435. [PMID: 29433092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) plays an important role in amplifying insulin secretion in a glucose dependent manner. We have previously reported a series of FFA1 agonists with thiazole scaffold exemplified by compound 1, and identified a small hydrophobic subpocket partially occupied by the methyl group of compound 1. Herein, we describe further structure optimization to better fit the small hydrophobic subpocket by replacing the small methyl group with other hydrophobic substituents. All of these efforts resulted in the identification of compound 6, a potent FFA1 agonist (EC50 = 39.7 nM) with desired ligand efficiency (0.24) and ligand lipophilicity efficiency (4.7). Moreover, lead compound 6 exhibited a greater potential for decreasing the hyperglycemia levels than compound 1 during an oral glucose tolerance test. In summary, compound 6 is a promising FFA1 agonist for further investigation, and the structure-based study promoted our understanding for the binding pocket of FFA1.
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Li Z, Xu X, Li G, Fu X, Liu Y, Feng Y, Wang M, Ouyang Y, Han J. Improving metabolic stability with deuterium: The discovery of GPU-028, a potent free fatty acid receptor 4 agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:6647-6652. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pairan NF, Kasim NAM, Yamin BM, Shah NAA. Crystal structure of ( E)- N, N-diethyl-2-(5-nitrothiazol-2-yl)-1-phenylethen-1-amine, C 15H 17N 3O 2S. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C15H17N3O2S, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 9.0650(15) Å, b = 16.342(3) Å, c = 10.1187(17) Å, β = 91.061(5) Å. V = 1498.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0645, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1323, T = 308 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Farahin Pairan
- Department of Defence Science, Faculty of Science and Technology Defence , Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia , Kem Sungai Besi , 57000 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Noor Azilah Mohd Kasim
- Department of Defence Science, Faculty of Science and Technology Defence , Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia , Kem Sungai Besi , 57000 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Bohari M. Yamin
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology , Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , 43600 Bangi , Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Noor Aisyah Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Biology , Center for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia , Kem Sungai Besi , 57000 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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Li Z, Liu C, Xu X, Qiu Q, Su X, Dai Y, Yang J, Li H, Shi W, Liao C, Pan M, Huang W, Qian H. Discovery of phenylsulfonyl acetic acid derivatives with improved efficacy and safety as potent free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:458-479. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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38
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Paudel YN, Ali MR, Shah S, Adil M, Akhtar MS, Wadhwa R, Bawa S, Sharma M. 2-[(4-Chlorobenzyl) amino]-4-methyl-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid exhibits antidiabetic potential and raises insulin sensitivity via amelioration of oxidative enzymes and inflammatory cytokines in streptozotocin˗induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:651-659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Rizk OH, Shaaban OG, Abdel Wahab AE. Synthesis of Oxadiazolyl, Pyrazolyl and Thiazolyl Derivatives of Thiophene-2-Carboxamide as Antimicrobial and Anti-HCV Agents. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2017; 11:38-53. [PMID: 28553409 PMCID: PMC5427694 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501711010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Three series of pyrazole, thiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole, derivatives were synthesized starting from 5-amino-4-(hydrazinocarbonyl)-3-methylthiophene-2-carboxamide (2). Methods: All compounds were investigated for their preliminary antimicrobial activity. They were proved to exhibit remarkable antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa with insignificant activity towards Gram positive bacterial strains and fungi. Results: In-vitro testing of the new compounds on hepatitis-C virus (HCV) replication in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 infected with the virus utilizing the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique (RT-PCR) generally showed inhibition of the replication of HCV RNA (–) strands at low concentration, while, eight compounds; 3a, 6, 7a, 7b, 9a, 9b, 10a and 11b proved to inhibit the replication of HCV RNA (+) and (–) strands at very low concentration range 0.08-0.36 μg/mL. Conclusion: Compounds 7b and 11b displayed the highest anti-HCV and antimicrobial activities in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola H Rizk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omaima G Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Analytical and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Abeer E Abdel Wahab
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Application, Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Yang J, Li Z, Li H, Liu C, Wang N, Shi W, Liao C, Cai X, Huang W, Qian H. Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of novel free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing amide linker. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:2445-2450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Li Z, Xu X, Huang W, Qian H. Free Fatty Acid Receptor 1 (FFAR1) as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Recent Progress and Prevailing Challenges. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:381-425. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Xue Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tongjiaxiang Nanjing 210009 P.R. China
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Abstract
Of the 415 million people suffering from diabetes worldwide, 90% have type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia and occurs in obese individuals as a result of insulin resistance and inadequate insulin levels. Accordingly, diabetes drugs are tailored to enhance glucose disposal or target the pancreatic islet β cell to increase insulin secretion. The majority of the present-day insulin secretagogues, however, increase the risk of iatrogenic hypoglycemia, and hence alternatives are actively sought. The long-chain fatty acid, G protein-coupled receptor FFA1/Gpr40, is expressed in β cells, and its activation potentiates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Preclinical data indicate that FFA1 agonism is an effective treatment to restore glucose homeostasis in rodent models of diabetes. This initial success prompted clinical trials in type 2 diabetes patients, the results of which were promising; however, the field suffered a significant setback when the lead compound TAK-875/fasiglifam was withdrawn from clinical development due to liver safety concerns. Nevertheless, recent developments have brought to light a surprising complexity of FFA1 agonist action, signaling diversity, and biological outcomes, raising hopes that with a greater understanding of the mechanisms at play the second round will be more successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- CRCHUM, University of Montreal, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X 0A9
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- CRCHUM, University of Montreal, 900 rue St Denis, Montreal, QC, Canada, H2X 0A9.
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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GPR40 agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: The biological characteristics and the chemical space. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5603-5612. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Li Z, Yang J, Wang X, Li H, Liu C, Wang N, Huang W, Qian H. Discovery of novel free fatty acid receptor 1 agonists bearing triazole core via click chemistry. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5449-5454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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45
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Exploring molecular flexibility and the interactions of Quercetin derivatives in the active site of α-glucosidase using molecular docking and charge density analysis. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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46
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Li Z, Qiu Q, Geng X, Yang J, Huang W, Qian H. Free fatty acid receptor agonists for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: drugs in preclinical to phase II clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:871-90. [PMID: 27171154 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1189530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The alarming prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stimulated the exploitation of new antidiabetic drugs with extended durability and enhanced safety. In this regard, the free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1) and FFA4 have emerged as attractive targets in the last decade. FFA1 has prominent advantages in promoting insulin and incretin secretion while FFA4 shows great potential in incretin secretion, insulin sensitization and anti-inflammatory effects. AREA COVERED Herein, the authors focus specifically on FFA1 and FFA4 agonists in clinical trials and preclinical development. LY2922470, P11187 and SHR0534 are currently active in clinical trials while the CNX-011-67, SAR1, DS-1558 and BMS-986118 are in preclinical phase. The information for this review is retrieved from Integrity, Scifinder, Espacenet and clinicaltrials.gov databases. EXPERT OPINION Current proof-of-concept in clinical trials suggests that FFA1 agonists have a significant improvement for T2DM without the risk of hypoglycemia. However, there are still several challenging problems including the mechanism of the receptor and the efficacy and safety of the ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Qianqian Qiu
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Xinqian Geng
- b Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes , Shanghai , PR China
| | - Jianyong Yang
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Wenlong Huang
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China.,c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
| | - Hai Qian
- a Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China.,c Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Disease , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , PR China
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