1
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Yang F, Huang Z, Heng J, Li K. Benefit assessment of extended dosing in cancer patients after their withdrawal from clinical trials. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178002. [PMID: 38161690 PMCID: PMC10757887 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Clinical trials have been widely recognized as an effective treatment approach by physicians and cancer patients alike. Physicians' evaluations suggest that many patients are likely to continue experiencing benefits from extended dosing of investigational new drugs even after withdrawing from clinical trials. Objective: Given the uncertainty surrounding the efficacy and safety of investigational new drugs, it is essential to continually assess the benefits of extended dosing for patients. Methods: The trial group for this study comprised patients who requested extended dosing after withdrawing from clinical trials at Hunan Cancer Hospital between 2016 and 2020. The control group consisted of patients who received conventional treatment and were enrolled in a 1:1 ratio. Follow-up assessments were conducted every 3 months for both groups, and included monitoring of patients' health status, survival time, disease control or remission, treatment modalities received, and medical costs. Results: A total of twenty-three patient pairs were successfully matched for this study. The Ethics Committee approved extended dosing for all patients in the trial group, with an average gap period of 16.48 days between their withdrawal from clinical trials and continuous access to the investigational drugs. The median overall survival for patients after withdrawal from clinical trials was 17.3 months in the extended dosing group and 12.9 months in the control group, with no significant difference observed between the two groups (p > 0.250). The median total cost of treatment after the previous clinical trial was 38,006.76 RMB, of which the median cost of therapeutic drugs for conventional treatment was 15,720 RMB, while extended dosing was provided free of charge. Conclusion: Extended dosing can indeed provide benefits, including survival benefits and economic benefits, to cancer patients after their withdrawal from clinical trials and will clinically present an additional treatment option for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianfu Heng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Kunyan Li
- Hunan Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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2
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de Amorim MR, Barbosa CDS, Paz TA, Ióca LP, Nicácio KJ, de Oliveira LFP, Goulart MO, Paulino JM, da Cruz MO, Ferreira AG, Furlan M, de Lira SP, Dos Santos RA, Rodrigues A, Guido RVC, Berlinck RGS. Polyketide- and Terpenoid-Derived Metabolites Produced by a Marine-Derived Fungus, Peroneutypa sp. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1476-1486. [PMID: 37289832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided investigation of the EtOAc-soluble extract of a culture of the marine-derived fungus Peroneutypa sp. M16 led to the isolation of seven new polyketide- and terpenoid-derived metabolites (1, 2, 4-8), along with known polyketides (3, 9-13). Structures of compounds 1, 2, and 4-8 were established by analysis of spectroscopic data. Absolute configurations of compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, and 8 were determined by the comparison of experimental ECD spectra with calculated CD data. Compound 5 exhibited moderate antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine-sensitive and -resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo R de Amorim
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila de S Barbosa
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Paz
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen J Nicácio
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucianne F P de Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian O Goulart
- Centro de Pesquisa em Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia M Paulino
- Centro de Pesquisa em Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Mateus O da Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 13565-905 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Furlan
- Instituto de Química de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", CEP 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone P de Lira
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel A Dos Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa em Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14404-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - André Rodrigues
- Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", CEP 13506-900, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael V C Guido
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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3
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Nair SC, Munro JT, Mann A, Llinás M, Prigge ST. The mitochondrion of Plasmodium falciparum is required for cellular acetyl-CoA metabolism and protein acetylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210929120. [PMID: 37068227 PMCID: PMC10151609 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210929120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis is an excellent target for antimalarial intervention. While most studies have focused on the use of CoA to produce acetyl-CoA in the apicoplast and the cytosol of malaria parasites, mitochondrial acetyl-CoA production is less well understood. In the current study, we performed metabolite-labeling experiments to measure endogenous metabolites in Plasmodium falciparum lines with genetic deletions affecting mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Our results show that the mitochondrion is required for cellular acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and identify a synthetic lethal relationship between the two main ketoacid dehydrogenase enzymes. The activity of these enzymes is dependent on the lipoate attachment enzyme LipL2, which is essential for parasite survival solely based on its role in supporting acetyl-CoA metabolism. We also find that acetyl-CoA produced in the mitochondrion is essential for the acetylation of histones and other proteins outside of the mitochondrion. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the mitochondrion is required for cellular acetyl-CoA metabolism and protein acetylation essential for parasite survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sethu C. Nair
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Justin T. Munro
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
- Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Alexis Mann
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
- Huck Center for Malaria Research, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA16802
| | - Sean T. Prigge
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218
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4
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Yoneyama H, Hosohata K, Jin D, Yoshida I, Toyoda M, Kitamura I, Takai S, Usami Y. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of new vanin-1 inhibitors based on RR6. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 65:116791. [PMID: 35537325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen novel vanin-1 inhibitors coded OMP-# were designed from RR6 and successfully synthesized by a nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction of the pantetheinic acid-derived Weinreb amide as a key step under Barbier conditions. The synthesized OMP compounds exhibited inhibitory activity against human serum vanin-1 in vitro. Among the synthesized compounds, OMP-7, which possesses a trifluoromethoxy group at the para-position on the phenyl ring, exhibited the most potent activity, approximately 20 times that of the mother compound RR6. OMP-7 was further subjected to an in vivo assay using a normal hamster. More potent activity was observed than that of RR6 against both serum and renal vanin-1. The activity lasted for 4 h after injection against serum vanin-1 and 1 h after injection against renal vanin-1, whereas RR6 did not show the desired activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yoneyama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Keiko Hosohata
- Education and Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Iroha Yoshida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Miyui Toyoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kitamura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Usami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1Nasahara, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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5
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Pollack SR, Dion A. Metal-Free Stereoselective Synthesis of ( E)- and ( Z)-N-Monosubstituted β-Aminoacrylates via Condensation Reactions of Carbamates. J Org Chem 2021; 86:11748-11762. [PMID: 34479408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
N-monosubstituted β-aminoacrylates are building blocks, which have been used in the preparation of amino acids and pharmaceuticals. Two efficient, stereoselective methods of preparation, via acid- or base-promoted condensation reactions of carbamates, are described. The base-promoted reaction is E-selective, while acid catalysis can, through the choice of solvent, selectively form E or Z. The acid-catalyzed E-selective process proceeds through a crystallization obviating the need for chromatographic purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Pollack
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Amélie Dion
- Department of Process Research & Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
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6
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Tjhin ET, Howieson VM, Spry C, van Dooren GG, Saliba KJ. A novel heteromeric pantothenate kinase complex in apicomplexan parasites. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009797. [PMID: 34324601 PMCID: PMC8366970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A is synthesised from pantothenate via five enzyme-mediated steps. The first step is catalysed by pantothenate kinase (PanK). All PanKs characterised to date form homodimers. Many organisms express multiple PanKs. In some cases, these PanKs are not functionally redundant, and some appear to be non-functional. Here, we investigate the PanKs in two pathogenic apicomplexan parasites, Plasmodium falciparum and Toxoplasma gondii. Each of these organisms express two PanK homologues (PanK1 and PanK2). We demonstrate that PfPanK1 and PfPanK2 associate, forming a single, functional PanK complex that includes the multi-functional protein, Pf14-3-3I. Similarly, we demonstrate that TgPanK1 and TgPanK2 form a single complex that possesses PanK activity. Both TgPanK1 and TgPanK2 are essential for T. gondii proliferation, specifically due to their PanK activity. Our study constitutes the first examples of heteromeric PanK complexes in nature and provides an explanation for the presence of multiple PanKs within certain organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick T. Tjhin
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Vanessa M. Howieson
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Christina Spry
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Giel G. van Dooren
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Kevin J. Saliba
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Medical School, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- * E-mail:
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7
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Nurkanto A, Jeelani G, Santos HJ, Rahmawati Y, Mori M, Nakamura Y, Goto K, Saikawa Y, Annoura T, Tozawa Y, Sakura T, Inaoka DK, Shiomi K, Nozaki T. Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum Pantothenate Kinase and Identification of Its Inhibitors From Natural Products. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:639065. [PMID: 33768012 PMCID: PMC7985445 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.639065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme A (CoA) is a well-known cofactor that plays an essential role in many metabolic reactions in all organisms. In Plasmodium falciparum, the most deadly among Plasmodium species that cause malaria, CoA and its biosynthetic pathway have been proven to be indispensable. The first and rate-limiting reaction in the CoA biosynthetic pathway is catalyzed by two putative pantothenate kinases (PfPanK1 and 2) in this parasite. Here we produced, purified, and biochemically characterized recombinant PfPanK1 for the first time. PfPanK1 showed activity using pantetheine besides pantothenate, as the primary substrate, indicating that CoA biosynthesis in the blood stage of P. falciparum can bypass pantothenate. We further developed a robust and reliable screening system to identify inhibitors using recombinant PfPanK1 and identified four PfPanK inhibitors from natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Nurkanto
- Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Cibinong, Indonesia.,Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ghulam Jeelani
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Herbert J Santos
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yulia Rahmawati
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mihoko Mori
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan.,Biological Resource Center, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Chiba, Japan
| | - Yumi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kana Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoko Saikawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Annoura
- Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Tozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takaya Sakura
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daniel Ken Inaoka
- Department of Molecular Infection Dynamics, School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuro Shiomi
- Kitasato Institute for Life Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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8
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Mustière R, Vanelle P, Primas N. Plasmodial Kinase Inhibitors Targeting Malaria: Recent Developments. Molecules 2020; 25:E5949. [PMID: 33334080 PMCID: PMC7765515 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in reducing malaria cases and ensuing deaths is threatened by factors like mutations that induce resistance to artemisinin derivatives. Multiple drugs are currently in clinical trials for malaria treatment, including some with novel mechanisms of action. One of these, MMV390048, is a plasmodial kinase inhibitor. This review lists the recently developed molecules which target plasmodial kinases. A systematic review of the literature was performed using CAPLUS and MEDLINE databases from 2005 to 2020. It covers a total of 60 articles and describes about one hundred compounds targeting 22 plasmodial kinases. This work highlights the strong potential of compounds targeting plasmodial kinases for future drug therapies. However, the majority of the Plasmodium kinome remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrice Vanelle
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France;
| | - Nicolas Primas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Equipe Pharmaco-Chimie Radicalaire, Faculté de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille CEDEX 05, France;
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9
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Synthesis, in-vitro antiprotozoal activity and molecular docking study of isothiocyanate derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Domingo R, van der Westhuyzen R, Hamann AR, Mostert KJ, Barnard L, Paquet T, Tjhin ET, Saliba KJ, van Otterlo WAL, Strauss E. Overcoming synthetic challenges in targeting coenzyme A biosynthesis with the antimicrobial natural product CJ-15,801. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:2118-2125. [PMID: 32206243 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of the essential metabolic cofactor coenzyme A (CoA) has been receiving increasing attention as a new target that shows potential to counter the rising resistance to established antimicrobials. In particular, phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase (PPCS)-the second CoA biosynthesis enzyme that is found as part of the bifunctional CoaBC protein in bacteria, but is monofunctional in eukaryotes-has been validated as a target through extensive genetic knockdown studies in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Moreover, it has been identified as the molecular target of the fungal natural product CJ-15,801 that shows selective activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. As such, CJ-15,801 and 4'-phospho-CJ-15,801 (its metabolically active form) are excellent tool compounds for use in the development of new antimicrobial PPCS inhibitors. Unfortunately, further study and analysis of CJ-15,801 is currently being hampered by several unique challenges posed by its synthesis. In this study we describe how these challenges were overcome by using a robust palladium-catalyzed coupling to form the key N-acyl vinylogous carbamate moiety with retention of stereochemistry, and by extensive investigation of protecting groups suited to the labile functional group combinations contained in this molecule. We also demonstrate that using TBAF for deprotection causes undesired off-target effects related to the presence of residual tertiary ammonium salts. Finally, we provide a new method for the chemoenzymatic preparation of 4'-phospho-CJ-15,801 on multi-milligram scale, after showing that chemical synthesis of the molecule is not practical. Taken together, the results of this study advances our pursuit to discover new antimicrobials that specifically target CoA biosynthesis and/or utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyad Domingo
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Renier van der Westhuyzen
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Anton R Hamann
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Konrad J Mostert
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Leanne Barnard
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Tanya Paquet
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
| | - Erick T Tjhin
- Research School of Biology , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Kevin J Saliba
- Research School of Biology , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia.,Medical School , The Australian National University , Canberra , ACT , Australia
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa
| | - Erick Strauss
- Department of Biochemistry , Stellenbosch University , Private Bag X1 , Matieland 7602 , South Africa .
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11
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N-substituted noscapine derivatives as new antiprotozoal agents: Synthesis, antiparasitic activity and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103116. [PMID: 31377384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel N-substituted noscapine derivatives were synthesized by a three-component Strecker reaction of cyclic ether of N-nornoscapine with varied aldehydes, in the presence of cyanide ion. Moreover, the corresponding amides were synthesized by the oxidation of cyanide moieties in good yields. The in vitro antiprotozoal activity of the products was also investigated. Interestingly, some analogues did put on display promising antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense with IC50 values between 2.5 and 10.0 µM and selectivity index (SI) ranged from 0.8 to 13.2. Eight compounds exhibited activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain with IC50 ranging 1.7-6.4 µM, and SI values between 2.8 and 10.5 against L6 rat myoblast cell lines. Molecular docking was carried out on trypanothione reductase (TbTR, PDB ID: 2WOW) and UDP-galactose 4' epimerase (TbUDPGE PDB: 1GY8) as targets for studying the envisaged mechanism of action. Compounds 6j2 and 6b2 displayed excellent docking scores with -8.59 and -8.86 kcal/mol for TbTR and TbUDPGE, respectively.
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