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Pandey VK, Tiwari CS, Rit A. Silver Catalyzed One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of α-Aminonitriles and Biologically Relevant α-Amino-phosphonates. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200703. [PMID: 35950231 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A simple silver salt (AgSbF6) catalyzed aminophosphonylation and Strecker reaction have been developed and successfully applied to a wide range of substrates (>55 substrates). This solvent-, ligand-, and base-free one-pot three component protocol operates effectively at room temperature to provide diversified α-aminophosphonates and α-aminonitriles, which gave access to the respective α-amino amides. Importantly, the present catalyst system is also capable to produce the rarely reported and biologically relevant aminophosphonates (having anti-leishmanial activity). Further, the mechanistic studies reveal that the present phosphonylation protocol follows a radical pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin K Pandey
- Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Department of Chemistry, INDIA
| | | | - Arnab Rit
- Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Department of Chemistry, Sardar patel Road, 600036, Chennai, INDIA
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Mousavi-Mashhadi SA, Shiri A. Natural halloysite nanotubes as an efficient catalyst in strecker reaction: the synthesis of α-amino nitriles under solvent-free conditions. Mol Divers 2022. [PMID: 35799077 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a green and cost-effective method based on halloysite as natural catalyst for the synthesis of α-amino nitriles via Strecker three-component reaction is introduced. The chemical and physical structure of natural halloysite has characterized thoroughly, and then the effect of different parameters such as the amount of catalyst, solvent, and temperature was optimized in the synthesis of 2-phenyl-2-(phenylamino)acetonitrile as the model reaction. Then, various substituted benzaldehydes and anilines were converted to the desired α-amino nitriles under the optimized conditions. Electronic properties of substituents on aldehydes and aromatic amines have been affected the reaction efficiency. For all substrates, good to excellent yields of the corresponding α-amino nitriles were obtained under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. The catalyst has been recovered and reused five times in successive Strecker reaction.
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Wojaczyńska E, Steppeler F, Iwan D, Scherrmann MC, Marra A. Synthesis and Applications of Carbohydrate-Based Organocatalysts. Molecules 2021; 26:7291. [PMID: 34885873 PMCID: PMC8659088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Organocatalysis is a very useful tool for the asymmetric synthesis of biologically or pharmacologically active compounds because it avoids the use of noxious metals, which are difficult to eliminate from the target products. Moreover, in many cases, the organocatalysed reactions can be performed in benign solvents and do not require anhydrous conditions. It is well-known that most of the above-mentioned reactions are promoted by a simple aminoacid, l-proline, or, to a lesser extent, by the more complex cinchona alkaloids. However, during the past three decades, other enantiopure natural compounds, the carbohydrates, have been employed as organocatalysts. In the present exhaustive review, the detailed preparation of all the sugar-based organocatalysts as well as their catalytic properties are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wojaczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Franz Steppeler
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dominika Iwan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50 370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marie-Christine Scherrmann
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 420, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM-UMR 5247), Université de Montpellier, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Verma G, Forrest K, Carr BA, Vardhan H, Ren J, Pham T, Space B, Kumar S, Ma S. Indium-Organic Framework with soc Topology as a Versatile Catalyst for Highly Efficient One-Pot Strecker Synthesis of α-aminonitriles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:52023-52033. [PMID: 34210117 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An In(III) based metal-organic framework (MOF), In-pbpta, with soc topology was constructed from the trigonal prismatic [In3(μ3-O)(H2O)3(O2C-)6] secondary building unit (SBU) and a custom-designed tetratopic linker H4pbpta (pbpta = 4,4',4″,4‴-(1,4-phenylenbis(pyridine-4,2,6-triyl))-tetrabenzoic acid)). The obtained MOF shows a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of 1341 m2/g with a pore volume of 0.64 cm3/g, which is the highest among the scarcely reported In-soc-MOFs. The constructed MOF demonstrates excellent performance as a heterogeneous Lewis acid catalyst for highly efficient conversion in a one-pot multicomponent Strecker reaction for the preparation of α-aminonitriles under solvent-free conditions, which can be easy to separate and recycle without significant loss of activity for up to seven cycles. The computational modeling studies suggest the presence of the three substrates in close vicinity to the In-oxo cluster. The strong interactions of the aldehyde/ketone and the amine with the In-oxo cluster together with the readily available cyanide ion around the In-oxo cluster lead to high catalytic conversion within a short period of time for the MOF catalyst. Our work therefore lays a foundation to develop MOF as a new class of efficient heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot Strecker reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 West Mulberry Street, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Katherine Forrest
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Benjamin A Carr
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, MC 0332, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0021, United States
| | - Harsh Vardhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Junyu Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 West Mulberry Street, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
| | - Tony Pham
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Brian Space
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2700 Stinson Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Multani Mal Modi College, Patiala 147001, Punjab, India
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 West Mulberry Street, Denton, Texas 76201, United States
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Najar AH, Hossaini Z, Abdolmohammadi S, Zareyee D. ZnO-nanorods Promoted Synthesis of α-amino Nitrile Benzofuran Derivatives using One-pot Multicomponent Reaction of Isocyanides. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 23:345-355. [PMID: 32072898 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200219124625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE In this work ZnO-nanorod (ZnO-NR) as reusable catalyst promoted Strecker-type reaction of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone, isopropenylacetylene, trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN), primary amines and isocyanides at ambient temperature under solvent-free conditions and produced α-amino nitriles benzofuran derivatives in high yields. These synthesized compounds may have antioxidant ability. MATERIALS AND METHODS ZnO-NRs in these reactions were prepared according to reported article. 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone 1 (2 mmol) and isopropenylacetylene 2 (2 mmol) were mixed and stirred for 30 min in the presence of ZnO-NR (10 mol%) under solvent-free conditions at room temperature. After 30 min, primary amine 3 (2 mmol) was added to the mixture gently and the mixture was stirred for 15 min. After this time TMSCN 4 (2 mmol) was added to the mixture and stirred for 15 min. After completion of the reaction, as indicated by TLC, isocyanides 5 was added to mixture in the presence of catalyst. RESULTS In the first step of this research, the reaction of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone 1, isopropenylacetylene 2, methyl amine 3a, trimethylsilyle cyanide 4 and tert-butyl isocyanides 5a was used as a sample reaction to attain the best reaction conditions. The results showed this reaction performed with catalyst and did not have any product without catalyst after 12 h. CONCLUSION In conclusion, we investigate multicomponent reaction of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone 1, isopropenylacetylene 2, primary amines 3, trimethylsilyl cyanide 4 and isocyanides along with ZnO-NRs as reusable catalyst at room temperature under solvent-free conditions which generates α-amino nitrile benzofuran derivatives in high yields. The advantages of our method are high atom economy, green reaction conditions, higher yield, shorter reaction times, and easy work-up, which are in good agreement with some principles of green chemistry. The compounds 8c exhibit excellent DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP compared to synthetic antioxidants BHT and TBHQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asef H Najar
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Zinatossadat Hossaini
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | | | - Daryoush Zareyee
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
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Babanezhad Harikandei K, Salehi P, Ebrahimi SN, Bararjanian M, Kaiser M, Khavasi HR, Al-Harrasi A. N-substituted noscapine derivatives as new antiprotozoal agents: Synthesis, antiparasitic activity and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 91:103116. [PMID: 31377384 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel N-substituted noscapine derivatives were synthesized by a three-component Strecker reaction of cyclic ether of N-nornoscapine with varied aldehydes, in the presence of cyanide ion. Moreover, the corresponding amides were synthesized by the oxidation of cyanide moieties in good yields. The in vitro antiprotozoal activity of the products was also investigated. Interestingly, some analogues did put on display promising antiparasitic activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense with IC50 values between 2.5 and 10.0 µM and selectivity index (SI) ranged from 0.8 to 13.2. Eight compounds exhibited activity against Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain with IC50 ranging 1.7-6.4 µM, and SI values between 2.8 and 10.5 against L6 rat myoblast cell lines. Molecular docking was carried out on trypanothione reductase (TbTR, PDB ID: 2WOW) and UDP-galactose 4' epimerase (TbUDPGE PDB: 1GY8) as targets for studying the envisaged mechanism of action. Compounds 6j2 and 6b2 displayed excellent docking scores with -8.59 and -8.86 kcal/mol for TbTR and TbUDPGE, respectively.
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Abstract
A three-component Strecker-type reactions was applied for the synthesis of benzofuran derivatives through the reaction of 1-(6-hydroxy-2-isopropenyl-1-benzofuran-yl)-1-ethanone (euparin), primary amines and trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) in the presence of catalytic amount of ZnO-nanorods (ZnO-NR) and piperidine in acetonitrile at room temperature. The method has proved to be synthetically simple, and effective with high atom economy and yield. The catalyst also revealed significant reusability. Moreover, the antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of the newly synthesized such as 4a, 4c, 6a and 6c was screened using free radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and compared with hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). These compounds exhibit good DPPH radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ezzatzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
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Zaghari Z, Azizian J. Synthesis of Novel α-amidino Carboxylic Acids and their Use as H-Bond Catalysts in Strecker Reaction. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2018; 21:609-614. [PMID: 30426895 DOI: 10.2174/1386207321666181114110039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE A wide variety of synthesized amidine derivatives are bioactive compounds. They show a vast range of medical properties. Therefore, a simple route for synthesis of novel class of amidine derivatives called amidino carboxylic acids and their use as catalysts in Strecker reaction has been reported in the current work. The stability, local charge density and hydrogen bond parameters were calculated for eight derivatives with different substituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS In order to synthesize these amidino carboxylic acids, we initially prepared Knovenogel condensation products via the reaction of isatin derivatives with malonitrile. When the reaction was performed in water, the resulting nitrile groups of malonitrile derivatives was hydrolyzed with HOAC/ H2SO4 to generate the desired amide groups. The amide groups in resulting compound converted to amine groups with two Hoffman rearrangements in the presence of NaOH/Br2. Further neutralization led to the final zwitterionic α-amidino carboxylic acids. In the next step, the catalytic activity of these compounds as H-bond donor catalyst was investigated in Strecker reaction. RESULTS The overall yields of the derivatives with substituent on the aromatic ring of starting isatins are higher than that for the overall yields of nitrogen-substituted isatins. The reaction of 5-nitro isatin with the next reagent gives lower yield in aryl-substituted products. An increase of catalytic activity is observed by rising the electron-withdrawing power of the aromatic ring substituents., The presence of nitro group in the structure of catalyst caused a large increase of catalytic activity in Strecker reaction. DFT calculations at B3LYP/6-31++g(d,p) and Lanl2dz level of theory showed that these compounds act as single H-bond catalysts and higher yields were obtained for complexes with stronger hydrogen bond. CONCLUSION A simple and efficient method for synthesis of ɑ-amidino carboxylic acids was developed in this research. These compounds have been used as a single H-bond donor catalyst in the Strecker reaction. DFT calculations were carried out to confirm the experimental results. The obtained data from computations are in good agreement with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Zaghari
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Azizian
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Bolm C, Mocci R, Schumacher C, Turberg M, Puccetti F, Hernández JG. Mechanochemical Activation of Iron Cyano Complexes: A Prebiotic Impact Scenario for the Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2423-2426. [PMID: 29334423 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mechanochemical activation of iron cyano complexes by ball milling results in the formation of HCN, which can be trapped and incorporated into α-aminonitriles. This prebiotic impact scenario can be extended by mechanochemically transforming the resulting α-aminonitriles into α-amino amides using a chemical route related to early Earth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rita Mocci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554 bivio per Sestu, 09028, Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Christian Schumacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathias Turberg
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Francesco Puccetti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 3-13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - José G Hernández
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Dabral S, Turberg M, Wanninger A, Bolm C, Hernández JG. Mechanochemical Lignin-Mediated Strecker Reaction. Molecules 2017; 22:E146. [PMID: 28106742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A mechanochemical Strecker reaction involving a wide range of aldehydes (aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic), amines, and KCN afforded a library of α-aminonitriles upon mechanical activation. This multicomponent process was efficiently activated by lignocellulosic biomass as additives. Particularly, commercially available Kraft lignin was found to be the best activator for the addition of cyanide to the in situ formed imines. A comparative study of the 31P-NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) along with IR (Infrared) data analysis for the Kraft lignin and methylated Kraft lignin samples ascertained the importance of the free hydroxyl groups in the activation of the mechanochemical reaction. The solvent-free mechanochemical Strecker reaction was then coupled with a lactamization process leading to the formation of the N-benzylphthalimide (5a) and the isoindolinone derivative 6a.
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Yamabe S, Zeng G, Guan W, Sakaki S. Proton transfers in the Strecker reaction revealed by DFT calculations. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1765-74. [PMID: 25161735 PMCID: PMC4143099 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Strecker reaction of acetaldehyde, NH3, and HCN to afford alanine was studied by DFT calculations for the first time, which involves two reaction stages. In the first reaction stage, the aminonitrile was formed. The rate-determining step is the deprotonation of the NH3 (+) group in MeCH(OH)-NH3 (+) to form 1-aminoethanol, which occurs with an activation energy barrier (ΔE (≠)) of 9.6 kcal/mol. The stereochemistry (R or S) of the aminonitrile product is determined at the NH3 addition step to the carbonyl carbon of the aldehyde. While the addition of CN(-) to the carbon atom of the protonated imine 7 appears to scramble the stereochemistry, the water cluster above the imine plane reinforces the CN(-) to attack the imine group below the plane. The enforcement hinders the scrambling. In the second stage, the aminonitrile transforms to alanine, where an amide Me-CH(NH2)-C(=O)-NH2 is the key intermediate. The rate-determining step is the hydrolysis of the cyano group of N(amino)-protonated aminonitrile which occurs with an ΔE (≠) value of 34.7 kcal/mol. In the Strecker reaction, the proton transfer along the hydrogen bonds plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Yamabe
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, JAPAN
| | - Guixiang Zeng
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, JAPAN
| | - Wei Guan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, JAPAN
| | - Shigeyoshi Sakaki
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Takano-Nishihiraki-cho 34-4, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8103, JAPAN
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