1
|
Kumar N, Khanna A, Kaur K, Kaur H, Sharma A, Bedi PMS. Quinoline derivatives volunteering against antimicrobial resistance: rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights. Mol Divers 2023; 27:1905-1934. [PMID: 36197551 PMCID: PMC9533295 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10537-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of antimicrobial resistance has become a great threat to human species as there is shortage of development of new antimicrobial agents. So, its mandatary to combat AMR by initiating research and developing new novel antimicrobial agents. Among phytoconstituents, Quinoline (nitrogen containing heterocyclic) have played a wide role in providing new bioactive molecules. So, this review provides rational approaches, design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights of newly developed quinoline derivatives as antimicrobial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
| | - Aanchal Khanna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Komalpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Anchal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma B, Agarwal A, Awasthi SK. Is structural hybridization invoking new dimensions for antimalarial drug discovery research? RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1227-1253. [PMID: 37484560 PMCID: PMC10357931 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00083d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective prevention methods, malaria is a devastating, persistent infection caused by protozoal parasites that result in nearly half a million fatalities annually. Any progress made thus far in the eradication of the disease is jeopardized by the expansion of malaria parasites that have evolved to become resistant to a wide range of drugs, including first-line therapy. To surmount this significant obstacle, it is necessary to develop newly synthesized drugs with multiple modes of action that may have a novel target in various stages of Plasmodium parasite development and this is made possible by the hybridization concept. Hybridization is the combination of at least two diverse pharmacophore units with some linkers bringing about a single molecule with a diverse mode of action. It intensifies a drug's physiological and chemical characteristics, such as absorption, cellular target contact, metabolism, excretion, distribution, and toxicity. This review article outlines the currently published most potent hybrid drugs against the Plasmodium species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Sharma
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| | - Alka Agarwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University Varanasi-221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Satish Kumar Awasthi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi Delhi-110007 India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Insights into Antimalarial Activity of N-Phenyl-Substituted Cinnamanilides. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227799. [PMID: 36431900 PMCID: PMC9698057 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the urgent need of innovation in the antimalarial therapeutic arsenal, a series of thirty-seven ring-substituted N-arylcinnamanilides prepared by microwave-assisted synthesis were subjected to primary screening against the chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. falciparum 3D7/MRA-102. The lipophilicity of all compounds was experimentally determined as the logarithm of the capacity factor k, and these data were subsequently used in the discussion of structure-activity relationships. Among the screened compounds, fourteen derivatives exhibited IC50 from 0.58 to 31 µM, whereas (2E)-N-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide (24) was the most effective agent (IC50 = 0.58 µM). In addition, (2E)-N-[2,6-dibromo-4-(trifluoromethyl)- phenyl]-3-phenylprop-2-enamide (36), (2E)-N-[4-nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-phenylprop- 2-enamide (18), (2E)-N-(2-bromo-5-fluorophenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-enamide (23), and (2E)-3-phenyl-N-(3,4,5-trichlorophenyl)prop-2-enamide (33) demonstrated efficacy in the IC50 range from 2.0 to 4.3 µM, comparable to the clinically used standard chloroquine. The results of a cell viability screening performed using THP1-Blue™ NF-κB cells showed that none of these highly active compounds displayed any significant cytotoxic effect up to 20 μM, which makes them promising Plasmodium selective substances for further investigations.
Collapse
|
4
|
Li C, Wang H, Liu L, Sun R, Wang X, Zhou M, Li L. Base‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Self‐Cyclization of
o
‐Alkenylaryl Isocyanides: Access to 4‐Cyano‐3‐arylquinolines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Ran Sun
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Ming‐Dong Zhou
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering Liaoning Petrochemical University Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Guo B, Vries JG, Otten E. Selective α‐Deuteration of Cinnamonitriles using D
2
O as Deuterium Source. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Guo
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Johannes G. Vries
- Leibniz Institute für Katalyse e. V. Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Edwin Otten
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teja C, Roshini H, Thiyagamurthy P, Daniel JA, Devi SA, Vidya R, Nawaz Khan FR. Tetrabutylammonium-salt, a novel ionic medium for the synthesis of quinoline–hybrid chalcones, and its biological evaluation. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.2020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chitrala Teja
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hanumanthu Roshini
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pandurangan Thiyagamurthy
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J. Arul Daniel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S. Asha Devi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Vidya
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fazlur Rahman Nawaz Khan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Radhakrishnan A, Brown CM, Guy CS, Cooper C, Pacheco-Gomez R, Stansfeld PJ, Fullam E. Interrogation of the Pathogen Box reveals small molecule ligands against the mycobacterial trehalose transporter LpqY-SugABC. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1225-1233. [PMID: 36320433 PMCID: PMC9579956 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00104g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, claims ∼1.5 million lives annually. Effective chemotherapy is essential to control TB, however the emergence of drug-resistant strains of TB have seriously threatened global attempts to control and eradicate this deadly pathogen. Trehalose recycling via the LpqY-SugABC importer is essential for the virulence and survival of Mtb and inhibiting or hijacking this transport system is an attractive approach for the development of novel anti-tubercular and diagnostic agents. Therefore, we interrogated the drug-like compounds in the open-source Medicines for Malaria Pathogen Box and successfully identified seven compounds from the TB, kinetoplastids and reference compound disease sets that recognise LpqY. The molecules have diverse chemical scaffolds, are not specific trehalose analogues, and may be used as novel templates to facilitate the development of therapeutics that kill Mtb with a novel mechanism of action via the mycobacterial trehalose LpqY-SugABC transport system. Interrogation of the Pathogen Box identified diverse chemical scaffolds against the mycobacterial trehalose transporter.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chelsea M. Brown
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Collette S. Guy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Charlotte Cooper
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Raul Pacheco-Gomez
- Malvern Panalytical Ltd, Enigma Business Park, Grovewood Road, Malvern, WR14 1XZ, UK
| | - Phillip J. Stansfeld
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Elizabeth Fullam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Haldar R, Narayanan SJ. A novel ensemble based recommendation approach using network based analysis for identification of effective drugs for Tuberculosis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2022; 19:873-891. [PMID: 34903017 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal infectious disease which affected millions of people worldwide for many decades and now with mutating drug resistant strains, it poses bigger challenges in treatment of the patients. Computational techniques might play a crucial role in rapidly developing new or modified anti-tuberculosis drugs which can tackle these mutating strains of TB. This research work applied a computational approach to generate a unique recommendation list of possible TB drugs as an alternate to a popular drug, EMB, by first securing an initial list of drugs from a popular online database, PubChem, and thereafter applying an ensemble of ranking mechanisms. As a novelty, both the pharmacokinetic properties and some network based attributes of the chemical structure of the drugs are considered for generating separate recommendation lists. The work also provides customized modifications on a popular and traditional ensemble ranking technique to cater to the specific dataset and requirements. The final recommendation list provides established chemical structures along with their ranks, which could be used as alternatives to EMB. It is believed that the incorporation of both pharmacokinetic and network based properties in the ensemble ranking process added to the effectiveness and relevance of the final recommendation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rishin Haldar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swathi Jamjala Narayanan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore - 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Antimalarial Activity of Hybrid 4-Aminoquinoline-pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111174. [PMID: 34832956 PMCID: PMC8622706 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to current artemisinin-based combination therapies necessitate the discovery of new medicines. Pharmacophoric hybridization has become an alternative for drug resistance that lowers the risk of drug–drug adverse interactions. In this study, we synthesized a new series of hybrids by covalently linking the scaffolds of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole with 4-aminoquinoline via an ethyl linker. All synthesized hybrid molecules were evaluated through in vitro screenings against chloroquine-resistant (K1) and -sensitive (3D7) P. falciparum strains, respectively. Data from in vitro assessments showed that hybrid 4b displayed significant antiplasmodial activities against the 3D7 strain (EC50 = 0.0130 ± 0.0002 μM) and the K1 strain (EC50 = 0.02 ± 0.01 μM), with low cytotoxic effect against Vero mammalian cells. The high selectivity index value on the 3D7 strain (SI > 1000) and the K1 strain (SI > 800) and the low resistance index value from compound 4b suggested that the pharmacological effects of this compound were due to selective inhibition on the 3D7 and K1 strains. Molecular docking analysis also showed that 4b recorded the highest binding energy on P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase. Thus, P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase is considered a potential molecular target for the synthesized compound.
Collapse
|
10
|
Chaurasiya ND, Liu H, Doerksen RJ, Nanayakkara NPD, Walker LA, Tekwani BL. Enantioselective Interactions of Anti-Infective 8-Aminoquinoline Therapeutics with Human Monoamine Oxidases A and B. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050398. [PMID: 33922294 PMCID: PMC8146505 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
8-Aminoquinolines (8-AQs) are an important class of anti-infective therapeutics. The monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a key role in metabolism of 8-AQs. A major role for MAO-A in metabolism of primaquine (PQ), the prototypical 8-AQ antimalarial, has been demonstrated. These investigations were further extended to characterize the enantioselective interactions of PQ and NPC1161 (8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl) amino]-5-[3, 4-dichlorophenoxy]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline) with human MAO-A and -B. NPC1161B, the (R)-(−) enantiomer with outstanding potential for malaria radical cure, treatment of visceral leishmaniasis and pneumocystis pneumonia infections is poised for clinical development. PQ showed moderate inhibition of human MAO-A and -B. Racemic PQ and (R)-(−)-PQ both showed marginally greater (1.2- and 1.6-fold, respectively) inhibition of MAO-A as compared to MAO-B. However, (S)-(+)-PQ showed a reverse selectivity with greater inhibition of MAO-B than MAO-A. Racemic NPC1161 was a strong inhibitor of MAOs with 3.7-fold selectivity against MAO-B compared to MAO-A. The (S)-(+) enantiomer (NPC1161A) was a better inhibitor of MAO-A and -B compared to the (R)-(−) enantiomer (NPC1161B), with more than 10-fold selectivity for inhibition of MAO-B over MAO-A. The enantioselective interaction of NPC1161 and strong binding of NPC1161A with MAO-B was further confirmed by enzyme-inhibitor binding and computational docking analyses. Differential interactions of PQ and NPC1161 enantiomers with human MAOs may contribute to the enantioselective pharmacodynamics and toxicity of anti-infective 8-AQs therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Narayan D. Chaurasiya
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.C.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +11-205-581-2026 (N.D.C.); +1-1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
| | - Haining Liu
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.L.); (R.J.D.)
| | - Robert J. Doerksen
- Department of Bio-Molecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (H.L.); (R.J.D.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - N. P. Dhammika Nanayakkara
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Larry A. Walker
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (N.P.D.N.); (L.A.W.)
| | - Babu L. Tekwani
- Division of Drug Discovery, Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Research, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
- Correspondence: (N.D.C.); (B.L.T.); Tel.: +11-205-581-2026 (N.D.C.); +1-1-205-581-2205 (B.L.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Teja C, Khan FRN. Radical Transformations towards the Synthesis of Quinoline: A Review. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4153-4167. [PMID: 33135361 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quinoline is considered one of the most ubiquitous heterocycles due to its engaging biological activities and synthetic utility over organic transformations. Over the past few decades, numerous reports have been documented in the synthesis of quinolines. The classical methods including, Skraup, Friedlander, Doebner-von-Miller, Conrad-Limpach, Pfitzinger quinoline synthesis, and so forth, these are the well-known methods to construct principal quinoline scaffold with several advantages and limitations. Recently, radical insertion or catalyzed reactions have emerged as a powerful and efficient tool to construct heterocycles with high atom efficiency and step economy. In this concern, this minireview mainly focused on the developments of Quinoline synthesis via radical reactions. In addition, a brief description of the preparation procedure, reactivity, and mechanisms is also included, where as possible. Respectively, the synthesis of quinolines is classified and summarized based on its reactivity, so it will help the researchers to grab the information in this exploration area, as Quinolines are promising pharmacophores.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chitrala Teja
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Fazlur Rahman Nawaz Khan
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Facchetti G, Christodoulou MS, Mendoza LB, Cusinato F, Dalla Via L, Rimoldi I. Biological Properties of New Chiral 2-Methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-8-amine-based Compounds. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235561. [PMID: 33260896 PMCID: PMC7729733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a small library of 8-substituted 2-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives is presented. All the compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity in non-cancer human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and cancer cells: human T-lymphocyte cells (CEM), human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa), human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), ovarian carcinoma (A2780), and biphasic mesothelioma (MSTO-211H). Compounds 3a, 5a, and 2b, showing significant IC50 values against the whole panel of the selected cells, were further synthesized and tested as pure enantiomers in order to shed light on how their stereochemistry might impact on the related biological effect. The most active compound (R)-5a was able to affect cell cycle phases and to induce mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cellular ROS production in A2780 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Facchetti
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.S.C.); (I.R.)
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Michael S. Christodoulou
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.S.C.); (I.R.)
| | - Lina Barragán Mendoza
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.M.); (F.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán km 9, Coquimatlán 28400, Colima, Mexico
| | - Federico Cusinato
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.M.); (F.C.)
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Padova, via F. Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.B.M.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.F.); (L.D.V.)
| | - Isabella Rimoldi
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica “A. Marchesini”, Università degli Studi di Milano via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.S.C.); (I.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Joao I, Bujdáková H, Jordao L. Opportunist Coinfections by Nontuberculous Mycobacteria and Fungi in Immunocompromised Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110771. [PMID: 33147819 PMCID: PMC7693372 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and many fungal species (spp.) are commonly associated with opportunistic infections (OPIs) in immunocompromised individuals. Moreover, occurrence of concomitant infection by NTM (mainly spp. of Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium abscessus complex) and fungal spp. (mainly, Aspergillus fumigatus, Histoplasma capsulatum and Cryptococcus neoformans) is very challenging and is associated with poor patient prognosis. The most frequent clinical symptoms for coinfection and infection by single agents (fungi or NTM) are similar. For this reason, the accurate identification of the aetiological agent(s) is crucial to select the best treatment approach. Despite the significance of this topic it has not been sufficiently addressed in the literature. This review aims at summarizing case reports and studies on NTM and fungi coinfection during the last 20 years. In addition, it briefly characterizes OPIs and coinfection, describes key features of opportunistic pathogens (e.g., NTM and fungi) and human host predisposing conditions to OPIs onset and outcome. The review could interest a wide spectrum of audiences, including medical doctors and scientists, to improve awareness of these infections, leading to early identification in clinical settings and increasing research in the field. Improved diagnosis and availability of therapeutic options might contribute to improve the prognosis of patients’ survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Joao
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Helena Bujdáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (L.J.)
| | - Luisa Jordao
- National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (H.B.); (L.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Potential anti-TB investigational compounds and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy: a conspectus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5633-5662. [PMID: 32372202 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The latest WHO report estimates about 1.6 million global deaths annually from TB, which is further exacerbated by drug-resistant (DR) TB and comorbidities with diabetes and HIV. Exiguous dosing, incomplete treatment course, and the ability of the tuberculosis bacilli to tolerate and survive current first-line and second-line anti-TB drugs, in either their latent state or active state, has resulted in an increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant TB (TDR-TB). Although a better understanding of the TB microanatomy, genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome, has resulted in the discovery of a few novel promising anti-TB drug targets and diagnostic biomarkers of late, no new anti-TB drug candidates have been approved for routine therapy in over 50 years, with only bedaquiline, delamanid, and pretomanid recently receiving tentative regulatory approval. Considering this, alternative approaches for identifying possible new anti-TB drug candidates, for effectively eradicating both replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, are still urgently required. Subsequently, several antibiotic and non-antibiotic drugs with known treatment indications (TB targeted and non-TB targeted) are now being repurposed and/or derivatized as novel antibiotics for possible use in TB therapy. Insights gathered here reveal that more studies focused on drug-drug interactions between licensed and potential lead anti-TB drug candidates need to be prioritized. This write-up encapsulates the most recent findings regarding investigational compounds with promising anti-TB potential and drugs with repurposing potential in TB therapy.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bento CM, Gomes MS, Silva T. Looking beyond Typical Treatments for Atypical Mycobacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9010018. [PMID: 31947883 PMCID: PMC7168257 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Mycobacterium comprises not only the deadliest of bacterial pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but several other pathogenic species, including M. avium and M. abscessus. The incidence of infections caused by atypical or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has been steadily increasing, and is associated with a panoply of diseases, including pulmonary, soft-tissue, or disseminated infections. The treatment for NTM disease is particularly challenging, due to its long duration, to variability in bacterial susceptibility profiles, and to the lack of evidence-based guidelines. Treatment usually consists of a combination of at least three drugs taken from months to years, often leading to severe secondary effects and a high chance of relapse. Therefore, new treatment approaches are clearly needed. In this review, we identify the main limitations of current treatments and discuss different alternatives that have been put forward in recent years, with an emphasis on less conventional therapeutics, such as antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, iron chelators, or host-directed therapies. We also review new forms of the use of old drugs, including the repurposing of non-antibacterial molecules and the incorporation of antimicrobials into ionic liquids. We aim to stimulate advancements in testing these therapies in relevant models, in order to provide clinicians and patients with useful new tools with which to treat these devastating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara M. Bento
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.B.); (T.S.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.B.); (T.S.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Tânia Silva
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (C.M.B.); (T.S.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Olgen S, Kotra LP. Drug Repurposing in the Development of Anticancer Agents. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5410-5427. [PMID: 30009698 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180713155702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into repositioning known drugs to treat cancer other than the originally intended disease continues to grow and develop, encouraged in part, by several recent success stories. Many of the studies in this article are geared towards repurposing generic drugs because additional clinical trials are relatively easy to perform and the drug safety profiles have previously been established. OBJECTIVE This review provides an overview of anticancer drug development strategies which is one of the important areas of drug restructuring. METHODS Repurposed drugs for cancer treatments are classified by their pharmacological effects. The successes and failures of important repurposed drugs as anticancer agents are evaluated in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Drugs could have many off-target effects, and can be intelligently repurposed if the off-target effects can be employed for therapeutic purposes. In cancer, due to the heterogeneity of the disease, often targets are quite diverse, hence a number of already known drugs that interfere with these targets could be deployed or repurposed with appropriate research and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sureyya Olgen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Lakshmi P Kotra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3M2, Canada.,Center for Molecular Design and Preformulations, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada.,Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Antiproliferative evaluation of various aminoquinoline derivatives. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:661-672. [PMID: 31639093 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Four classes of aminoquinoline derivatives were prepared: primaquine ureas 1a-f, primaquine bis-ureas 2a-f, chloroquine fumardiamides 3a-f and mefloquine fumardiamides 4a-f. Their antiproliferative activities against breast adeno-carcinoma (MCF-7), lung carcinoma (H460) and colon carcinoma (HCT 116 and SW620) cell lines were evaluated in vitro, using MTT cell proliferation assay. The results revealed a low activity of primaquine urea and bis-urea derivatives and high activity of all fumardiamides, with IC50 values in low micromolar range against all tested cancer cell lines.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zorc B, Perković I, Pavić K, Rajić Z, Beus M. Primaquine derivatives: Modifications of the terminal amino group. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111640. [PMID: 31472472 PMCID: PMC7126120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Numerous modifications of the well-known antimalarial drug primaquine, both at the quinoline ring and at the primary amino group, have been reported, mostly to obtain antimalarial agents with improved bioavailability, reduced toxicity and/or prolonged activity. Modifications of the terminal amino group were made with the main idea to prevent the metabolic pathway leading to inactive and toxic carboxyprimaquine (follow-on strategy), but also to get compounds with different activity (repurposing strategy). The modifications undertaken until 2009 were included in a review published in the same year. The present review covers various classes of primaquine N-derivatives with diverse biological profiles, prepared in the last decade by our research group as well as the others. We have summarized the synthetic procedures applied for their preparation and discussed the main biological results. Several hits for the development of novel antiplasmodial, anticancer, antimycobacterial and antibiofilm agents were identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Perković
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Beus
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Feng LS, Xu Z, Chang L, Li C, Yan XF, Gao C, Ding C, Zhao F, Shi F, Wu X. Hybrid molecules with potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity against drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:931-971. [PMID: 31692025 DOI: 10.1002/med.21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a tropical disease, leading to around half a million deaths annually. Antimalarials such as quinolines are crucial to fight against malaria, but malaria control is extremely challenged by the limited pipeline of effective pharmaceuticals against drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum which are resistant toward almost all currently accessible antimalarials. To tackle the growing resistance, new antimalarial drugs are needed urgently. Hybrid molecules which contain two or more pharmacophores have the potential to overcome the drug resistance, and hybridization of quinoline privileged antimalarial building block with other antimalarial pharmacophores may provide novel molecules with enhanced in vitro and in vivo activity against drug-resistant (including multidrug-resistant) P falciparum. In recent years, numerous of quinoline hybrids were developed, and their activities against a panel of drug-resistant P falciparum strains were screened. Some of quinoline hybrids were found to possess promising in vitro and in vivo potency. This review emphasized quinoline hybrid molecules with potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activity against drug-resistant P falciparum, covering articles published between 2010 and 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhi Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Le Chang
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Feng Shi
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- WuXi AppTec Co, Ltd, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beus M, Fontinha D, Held J, Rajić Z, Uzelac L, Kralj M, Prudêncio M, Zorc B. Primaquine and Chloroquine Fumardiamides as Promising Antiplasmodial Agents. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152812. [PMID: 31374989 PMCID: PMC6695747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes a continuation of our efforts in the pursuit of novel antiplasmodial agents with optimized properties. Following our previous discovery of biologically potent asymmetric primaquine (PQ) and halogenaniline fumardiamides (1–6), we now report their significant in vitro activity against the hepatic stages of Plasmodium parasites. Furthermore, we successfully prepared chloroquine (CQ) analogue derivatives (11–16) and evaluated their activity against both the hepatic and erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium. Our results have shown that PQ fumardiamides (1–6) exert both higher activity against P. berghei hepatic stages and lower toxicity against human hepatoma cells than the parent drug and CQ derivatives (11–16). The favourable cytotoxicity profile of the most active compounds, 5 and 6, was corroborated by assays performed on human cells (human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and non-tumour embryonic kidney cells (HEK293T)), even when glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) was inhibited. The activity of CQ fumardiamides on P. falciparum erythrocytic stages was higher than that of PQ derivatives, comparable to CQ against CQ-resistant strain PfDd2, but lower than CQ when tested on the CQ-sensitive strain Pf3D7. In addition, both sets of compounds showed favourable drug-like properties. Hence, quinoline fumardiamides could serve as a starting point towards the development of safer and more effective antiplasmodial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jana Held
- University of Tübingen, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Wilhelmstraße 27, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Uzelac
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapy, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Branka Zorc
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation of novel mefloquine-based fumardiamides. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2019; 69:233-248. [PMID: 31259728 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The paper is focused on the synthesis and screening of the antiplasmodial activity of novel fumardiamides 5-10 with the mefloquine pharmacophore and a Michael acceptor motif. Multi-step reactions leading to the title compounds included two amide bond formations. The first amide bond was achieved by the reaction of (E)-ethyl 4-chloro-4-oxobut-2-enoate (1) and N1-(2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolin-4-yl) butane-1,4-diamine (2). The obtained ester 3 was hydrolyzed and gave acid 4, which then reacted with the selected halogenanilines in the presence of HATU/DIEA and formed products 5-10. Title compounds showed marked, dose dependent activity in vitro against hepatic stages of Plasmodium berghei. IC50 values of the most active compounds 5, 7 and 9 bearing 3-fluoro, 3-chloro and 3-trifluoromethyl substituents were 3.04-4.16 µmol L-1, respectively. On the other hand, the compounds exerted only weak activity against the erythrocytic stages of two P. falciparum strains (Pf3D7 and PfDd2) in vitro, with the exception of compound 5 (IC50 = 2.9 µmol L-1).
Collapse
|
22
|
Kos J, Ku CF, Kapustikova I, Oravec M, Zhang H, Jampilek J. 8‐Hydroxyquinoline‐2‐Carboxanilides as Antiviral Agents Against Avian Influenza Virus. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Kos
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyComenius University, Odbojarov 10 Bratislava 83232 Slovakia
| | - Chuen Fai Ku
- School of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist University 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Iva Kapustikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyComenius University, Odbojarov 10 Bratislava 83232 Slovakia
| | - Michal Oravec
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Belidla 986/4a 603 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Hong‐Jie Zhang
- School of Chinese MedicineHong Kong Baptist University 7 Baptist University Road, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesComenius University, Ilkovicova 6 842 15 Bratislava Slovakia
- Division of Biologically Active Complexes and Molecular MagnetsRegional Centre of Advanced Technologies and MaterialsFaculty of SciencePalacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li M, Ye Y, He L, Hui M, Ng TB, Wong JH, Tsui GC. Domino Cyclization/Trifluoromethylation of 2‐Alknylphenols for the Synthesis of 3‐(Trifluoromethyl)benzofurans and Evaluation of their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwan Li
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Yibin Ye
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Lisi He
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Mamie Hui
- Department of MicrobiologyThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Second generation of primaquine ureas and bis-ureas as potential antimycobacterial agents. Mol Divers 2018; 23:657-667. [PMID: 30523579 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-018-9899-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe design and synthesis of twelve novel compounds bearing primaquine motif and hydroxy- or halogenamine linked by an urea or bis-urea spacer. Preparation of ureas 3a-f started with the conversion of primaquine to benzotriazolide 2 and aminolysis of the later compound by 4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol or amino alcohols bearing fluorine atom, cycloalkyl or trifluoromethyl group under microwave irradiation. The four-step sequence leading to bis-ureas 6a-f included preparation of benzotriazolide 2 and two intermediates, semicarbazide 4 and benzotriazole bis-urea 5, which upon aminolysis with the same aminophenol or amino alcohols gave the title compounds. Antimycobacterial screening detected three active compounds against Mycobacterium marinum and M. tuberculosis, namely 3b, 3f and 6f, derived from cyclobutyl amino alcohol or amino phenol.
Collapse
|
25
|
Vlainić J, Kosalec I, Pavić K, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Pontiki E, Zorc B. Insights into biological activity of ureidoamides with primaquine and amino acid moieties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:376-382. [PMID: 29363364 PMCID: PMC6021035 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1423067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primaquine (PQ) ureidoamides 5a-f were screened for antimicrobial, biofilm eradication and antioxidative activities. Susceptibility of the tested microbial species towards tested compounds showed species- and compound-dependent activity. N-(diphenylmethyl)-2-[({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)amino]-4-methylpentanamide (5a) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(diphenylmethyl)-2-[({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)amino]acetamide (5d) showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus strains (MIC = 6.5 µg/ml). Further, compounds 5c and 5d had weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the tested compounds showed a wide spectrum of antifungal activity. In contrast, most of the compounds exerted strong activity in a biofilm eradication assay against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans, comparable to or even higher than gentamycin, amphotericin B or parent PQ. The most active compounds were 5a and 5b. Tested compounds were inactive against biofilm formation by C. parapsylosis, Enterococcus faecalis, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Compounds 5b-f significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation (80-99%), whereas compound 5c presented interesting LOX inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Vlainić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Insights into the mechanism of antiproliferative effects of primaquine-cinnamic acid conjugates on MCF-7 cells. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2018; 68:337-348. [PMID: 31259699 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In our previous paper, we showed that three primaquine-cinnamic acid conjugates composed of primaquine (PQ) residue and cinnamic acid derivatives (CADs) bound directly by an amide linkage (1) or through an acylsemicarbazide spacer (2 and 3) had significant growth inhibitory effects on some cancer cell lines. Compound 1 induced significant growth inhibition in the colorectal adenocarcinoma (SW620), human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines, while compounds 2 and 3 selectively inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of action of these PQ-CADs, morphological studies of the effects of test compounds on MCF-7 cells were undertaken using haematoxylin and eosin stain. Further analysis to determine the effects of test compounds on caspase activity and on the levels of apoptosis proteins were undertaken using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that compounds 1 and 3 induced morphological changes in MCF-7 cells characteristic of apoptosis, while 2-treated cells were in interphase. Cell cycle analysis showed that cells treated with 1 and 3 were in sub-G1, while cells treated with 2 were mainly in interphase (G1 phase). Further, the study showed that the treatment of MCF-7 cells with 1 and 3 resulted in poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage as well as caspase-9 activation, indicating that they induced apoptotic cell death. We further investigated their effects on two important processes during metastasis, namely, migration and invasion. Compounds 1 and 3 inhibited the migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells, while compound 2 had a marginal effect.
Collapse
|
27
|
Beus M, Rajić Z, Maysinger D, Mlinarić Z, Antunović M, Marijanović I, Fontinha D, Prudêncio M, Held J, Olgen S, Zorc B. SAHAquines, Novel Hybrids Based on SAHA and Primaquine Motifs, as Potential Cytostatic and Antiplasmodial Agents. ChemistryOpen 2018; 7:624-638. [PMID: 30151334 PMCID: PMC6104433 DOI: 10.1002/open.201800117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of SAHAquines and related primaquine (PQ) derivatives. SAHAquines are novel hybrid compounds that combine moieties of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), an anticancer agent with weak antiplasmodial activity, and PQ, an antimalarial drug with low antiproliferative activity. The preparation of SAHAquines is simple, cheap, and high yielding. It includes the following steps: coupling reaction between primaquine and a dicarboxylic acid monoester, hydrolysis, a new coupling reaction with O-protected hydroxylamine, and deprotection. SAHAquines 5 a-d showed significant reduction in cell viability. Among the three human cancer cell lines (U2OS, HepG2, and MCF-7), the most responsive were the MCF-7 cells. The antibodies against acetylated histone H3K9/H3K14 in MCF-7 cells revealed a significant enhancement following treatment with N-hydroxy-N'-{4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}pentanediamide (5 b). Ethyl (2E)-3-({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)prop-2-enoate (2 b) and SAHAquines were the most active compounds against both the hepatic and erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium parasites, some of them at sub-micromolar concentrations. The results of our research suggest that SAHAquines are promising leads for new anticancer and antimalarial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Beus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill University23655 Promenade Sir-William-Osler, McIntyre Medical Sciences BuildingMontrealQuebecH3G 1Y6Canada
| | - Zvonimir Mlinarić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Maja Antunović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Inga Marijanović
- Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebHorvatovac 102A10 000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Diana Fontinha
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Miguel Prudêncio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de LisboaAv. Prof. Egas Moniz1649-028LisboaPortugal
| | - Jana Held
- Institute of Tropical MedicineUniversity of TübingenWilhelmstraße 2772074TübingenGermany
| | - Sureyya Olgen
- Faculty of PharmacyBiruni University10th street No: 4534010 TopkapiIstanbulTurkey
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryUniversity of ZagrebA. Kovačića 110 000ZagrebCroatia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rajić Z, Beus M, Michnová H, Vlainić J, Persoons L, Kosalec I, Jampílek J, Schols D, Keser T, Zorc B. Asymmetric Primaquine and Halogenaniline Fumardiamides as Novel Biologically Active Michael Acceptors. Molecules 2018; 23:E1724. [PMID: 30011922 PMCID: PMC6100582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel primaquine (PQ) and halogenaniline asymmetric fumardiamides 4a⁻f, potential Michael acceptors, and their reduced analogues succindiamides 5a⁻f were prepared by simple three-step reactions: coupling reaction between PQ and mono-ethyl fumarate (1a) or mono-methyl succinate (1b), hydrolysis of PQ-dicarboxylic acid mono-ester conjugates 2a,b to corresponding acids 3a,b, and a coupling reaction with halogenanilines. 1-[bis(Dimethylamino)methylene]-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium 3-oxide hexafluorophosphate (HATU) was used as a coupling reagent along with Hünig's base. Compounds 4 and 5 were evaluated against a panel of bacteria, several Mycobacterium strains, fungi, a set of viruses, and nine different human tumor cell lines. p-Chlorofumardiamide 4d showed significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii, but also against Candida albicans (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 6.1⁻12.5 µg/mL). Together with p-fluoro and p-CF₃ fumardiamides 4b,f, compound 4d showed activity against Mycobacterium marinum and 4b,f against M. tuberculosis. In biofilm eradication assay, most of the bacteria, particularly S. aureus, showed susceptibility to fumardiamides. m-CF₃ and m-chloroaniline fumardiamides 4e and 4c showed significant antiviral activity against reovirus-1, sindbis virus and Punta Toro virus (EC50 = 3.1⁻5.5 µM), while 4e was active against coxsackie virus B4 (EC50 = 3.1 µM). m-Fluoro derivative 4a exerted significant cytostatic activity (IC50 = 5.7⁻31.2 μM). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells were highly susceptible towards m-substituted derivatives 4a,c,e (IC50 = 6.7⁻8.9 μM). Biological evaluations revealed that fumardiamides 4 were more active than succindiamides 5 indicating importance of Michael conjugated system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Rajić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Beus
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Hana Michnová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Josipa Vlainić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Leentje Persoons
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Josef Jampílek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, 83232 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Dominique Schols
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|