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Hao M, Ding H, Li L, Lv M, Xu H. Discovery of Pesticide Candidates from Natural Plant Products: Semisynthesis and Characterization of Andrographolide-Based Esters and Study of Their Pesticidal Properties and Toxicology. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:5574-5584. [PMID: 38468388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
To explore the use of nonfood plant-derived secondary metabolites for plant protection, a series of ester derivatives for controlling the major migratory agricultural pests were obtained by structural modification of andrographolide, a labdane diterpenoid isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Compound Id showed good insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda Smith. Compounds IIa (LC50: 0.382 mg/mL) and IIIc (LC50: 0.563 mg/mL), the acaricidal activities of which were, respectively, 13.1 and 8.9 times that of andrographolide (LC50: 4.996 mg/mL), exhibited strong acaricidal and control effects against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Boisduval. Against Aphis citricola Van der Goot, compounds IIIc and IVb displayed 3.9- and 3.7-fold pronounced aphicidal activity of andrographolide. Effects of compound Id on three protective enzymes (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) of S. frugiperda were also observed. The obvious differences of epidermal cuticle structures of mites treated with compound IIa were determined by scanning electron microscopy. Structure-activity relationships indicated that 14-ester derivatives of andrographolide showed potential insecticidal/acaricidal activities and can be further utilized as lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Hao
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haixia Ding
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China
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Van Chien T, Van Loc T, The Anh N, Van Sung T, Phuong Thao TT. Cytotoxic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 3,19-Isopropylidene-/Arylidene-Andrographolide Analogs. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300420. [PMID: 37466261 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3,19-isopropylidene-/or arylidene-andrographolide analogs were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by NMR spectroscopic methodology. Twenty-five analogs were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against HT-29, HepG2 and LNCaP cancer cell lines based on the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Analog 2 f exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values of 11.14 and 9.25 μM on HepG2 and LNCaP cancer cell lines, respectively. Esterification of hydroxy functional group at position C-14 in andrographolide analogs, 2 a and 2 b, showed somewhat higher cytotoxicity than the precursor. In addition, andrographolide analogs (2 a-2 d, 2 f, 3 a, 4 a and 4 h) were evaluated for the NO inhibitory activity in the LPS stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The most active analog 2 a significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) production from LPS stimulated RAW264.7 cells, with IC50 values of 0.34±0.02 μM providing encouraging results for anti-inflammatory compound development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Van Chien
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Van Loc
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen The Anh
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Van Sung
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Phuong Thao
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, 10000, Viet Nam
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Jain P, Satija J, Sudandiradoss C. Discovery of andrographolide hit analog as a potent cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor through consensus MD-simulation, electrostatic potential energy simulation and ligand efficiency metrics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8147. [PMID: 37208387 PMCID: PMC10199084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is the key enzyme responsible for the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins that display pro-inflammatory properties and thus, it is a potential target protein to develop anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, chemical and bio-informatics approaches have been employed to find a novel potent andrographolide (AGP) analog as a COX-2 inhibitor having better pharmacological properties than aspirin and rofecoxib (controls). The full amino acid sequenced human Alpha fold (AF) COX-2 protein (604AA) was selected and validated for its accuracy against the reported COX-2 protein structures (PDB ID: 5F19, 5KIR, 5F1A, 5IKQ and 1V0X) followed by multiple sequence alignment analysis to establish the sequence conservation. The systematic virtual screening of 237 AGP analogs against AF-COX-2 protein yielded 22 lead compounds based on the binding energy score (< - 8.0 kcal/mol). These were further screened out to 7 analogs by molecular docking analysis and investigated further for ADMET prediction, ligand efficiency metrics calculations, quantum mechanical analysis, MD simulation, electrostatic potential energy (EPE) docking simulation, and MM/GBSA. In-depth analysis revealed that AGP analog A3 (3-[2-[(1R,4aR,5R,6R,8aR)-6-hydroxy-5,6,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,5,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-4-hydroxyoxolan-2-one) forms the most stable complex with the AF-COX-2 showing the least RMSD value (0.37 ± 0.03 nm), a good number of hydrogen bonds (protein-ligand H-bond = 11, and protein H-bond = 525), minimum EPE score (- 53.81 kcal/mol), and lowest MM-GBSA before and after simulation (- 55.37 and - 56.25 kcal/mol, respectively) value compared to other analogs and controls. Thus, we suggest that the identified A3 AGP analog could be developed as a promising plant-based anti-inflammatory drug by inhibiting COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Jain
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Jitendra Satija
- Centre for Nanobiotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - C Sudandiradoss
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Tundis R, Patra JK, Bonesi M, Das S, Nath R, Das Talukdar A, Das G, Loizzo MR. Anti-Cancer Agent: The Labdane Diterpenoid-Andrographolide. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1969. [PMID: 37653887 PMCID: PMC10221142 DOI: 10.3390/plants12101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
In spite of the progress in treatment strategies, cancer remains a major cause of death worldwide. Therefore, the main challenge should be the early diagnosis of cancer and the design of an optimal therapeutic strategy to increase the patient's life expectancy as well as the continuation of the search for increasingly active and selective molecules for the treatment of different forms of cancer. In the recent decades, research in the field of natural compounds has increasingly shifted towards advanced and molecular level understandings, thus leading to the development of potent anti-cancer agents. Among them is the diterpene lactone andrographolide, isolated from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wall. ex Nees that showed shows a plethora of biological activities, including not only anti-cancer activity, but also anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory properties. Andrographolide has been shown to act as an anti-tumor drug by affecting specific molecular targets that play a part in the development and progression of several cancer types including breast, lung, colon, renal, and cervical cancer, as well as leukemia and hepatocarcinoma. This review comprehensively and systematically summarized the current research on the potential anti-cancer properties of andrographolide highlighting its mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, and potential side effects and discussing the future perspectives, challenges, and limitations of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.T.)
| | - Jayanta Kumar Patra
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Marco Bonesi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.T.)
| | - Subrata Das
- Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Karimganj College, Assam University, Assam 788710, India
| | - Rajat Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Assam 788011, India
| | - Anupam Das Talukdar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Assam 788011, India
| | - Gitishree Das
- Research Institute of Integrative Life Sciences, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Republic of Korea;
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy; (R.T.)
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Synthesis and anti-influenza virus activity evaluation of novel andrographolide derivatives. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fordham JM, Piacentini P, Santagostino M. Pd-Catalyzed Ring-Opening/Arylation/Cyclization of 2-Aminothiazole Derivatives Provides Modular Access to Isocytosine Analogues. J Org Chem 2022; 87:12688-12697. [PMID: 36075053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report a Pd-catalyzed ring-opening/arylation/cyclization reaction sequence between 2-aminothiazoles and aryl (pseudo)halides that provides modular access to isocytosine analogues. The scope of the reaction is broad with respect to both coupling partners and a robustness test demonstrated the functional group tolerance of the methodology. Visual kinetic analysis revealed that the product may inhibit catalyst turnover for some substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Fordham
- Chemical Development Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
| | - Paolo Piacentini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Santagostino
- Chemical Development Germany, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß 88397, Germany
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Zhang TY, Li CS, Li P, Bai XQ, Guo SY, Jin Y, Piao SJ. Synthesis and evaluation of ursolic acid-based 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. Mol Divers 2022; 26:27-38. [PMID: 33200293 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, two series of novel ursolic acid-based 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines derivatives were synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by evaluating their inhibition effect of using LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages in vitro; the effects of different concentrations of the compounds on the secretion of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6 were evaluated. Their toxicity was also assessed in vitro. Results showed that the most prominent compound 3 could significantly decrease production of the above inflammatory factors. Docking study was performed for the representative compounds 3, UA, and Celecoxib to explain their interaction with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) receptor active site. In vitro enzyme study implied that compound 3 exerted its anti-inflammatory activity through COX-2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi Zhang
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chun-Shi Li
- The Third People's Hospital of Dalian, Dalian, 116000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qian Bai
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Ying Guo
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jin
- Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Jun Piao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133000, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhang H, Li S, Si Y, Xu H. Andrographolide and its derivatives: Current achievements and future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113710. [PMID: 34315039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural product andrographolide isolated from the plant Andrographis paniculata shows a plethora of biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammation, anti-virus, anti-fibrosis, anti-obesity, immunomodulatory and hypoglycemic activities. Based on extensive chemical structural modifications, a series of andrographolide derivatives with improved bioavailability and druggability has been developed. Moreover, greater understanding of their mechanisms of action at the molecular and cellular level has been thoroughly investigated. In this review, we give an outlook for the therapeutical potential of andrographolide and its derivatives in diverse diseases and highlighted the drug design, pharmacokinetic and mechanistic studies for the past ten years, together with a brief overview of the pharmacological effects. Notably, we focused to provide a critical enlightenment of the area of andrographolide and its derivatives with the intent of indicating the future perspectives, challenges and limitations. We believe that this review paper will benefit drug discovery where andrographolide was used as a template, shed light on the identification of drug targets for andrographolide and its analogs, as well as increase our knowledge for using them for therapeutic application, including the treatment for various forms of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Yongsheng Si
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R&D and Preclinical Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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Ren X, Xu W, Sun J, Dong B, Awala H, Wang L. Current Trends on Repurposing and Pharmacological Enhancement of Andrographolide. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2346-2368. [PMID: 32778020 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200810135604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Andrographolide, the main bioactive component separated from Andrographis paniculata in 1951, has been scrutinized with a modern drug discovery approach for anti-inflammatory properties since 1984. Identification of new uses of existing drugs can be facilitated by searching for evidence linking them to known or yet undiscovered drug targets and human disease states to develop new therapeutic indications.Furthermore, a wide spectrum of biological properties of andrographolide such as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anti-malarial, anti-atherosclerosis are also reported. However, poor water solubility and instability limit its clinical application. It becomes crucial to enhance its pharmacological function and find a new treatment option for more diseases. Therefore, this article reviews the major recent developments in andrographolide, including repurposing applications in different diseases and underlying mechanisms, particularly focusing on pharmacological enhancement of andrographolide such as derivatives, chemical modifications with potent biological activity and drug delivery. The repurposing and pharmacological enhancement of andrographolide would not only have exciting therapeutic potential to different diseases to facilitate drug marketing, but also decrease the economic burden on healthcare worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ren
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Wenzhou Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Sciences and Technology for Stomatology Nanoengineering, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Cell Biology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hussein Awala
- Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Nabatieh, Lebanon
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
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Guo D, He L, Gao Y, Jin C, Lin H, Zhang L, Wang L, Zhou Y, Yao J, Duan Y, Yang R, Qiu W, Jiang W. Obeticholic Acid Derivative, T-2054 Suppresses Osteoarthritis via Inhibiting NF-κB-Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083807. [PMID: 33916928 PMCID: PMC8067620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disorder, has been reported as the most common cause of disability worldwide. The production of inflammatory cytokines is the main factor in OA. Previous studies have been reported that obeticholic acid (OCA) and OCA derivatives inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokines in acute liver failure, but they have not been studied in the progression of OA. In our study, we screened our small synthetic library of OCA derivatives and found T-2054 had anti-inflammatory properties. Meanwhile, the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells and ATDC5 cells were not affected by T-2054. T-2054 treatment significantly relieved the release of NO, as well as mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, T-2054 promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in TNF-α-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes. Moreover, T-2054 could relieve the infiltration of inflammatory cells and degeneration of the cartilage matrix and decrease the levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α in DMM-induced C57BL/6 mice models. At the same time, T-2054 showed no obvious toxicity to mice. Mechanistically, T-2054 decreased the extent of p-p65 expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and TNF-α-treated ATDC5 chondrocytes. In summary, we showed for the first time that T-2054 effectively reduced the release of inflammatory mediators, as well as promoted extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis via the NF-κB-signaling pathway. Our findings support the potential use of T-2054 as an effective therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Guo
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Liming He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (L.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Yaoxin Gao
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Chenxu Jin
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Haizhen Lin
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Liting Wang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (L.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Yixin Duan
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Renzheng Yang
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
| | - Wenwei Qiu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China; (L.H.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.J.)
| | - Wenzheng Jiang
- Department of Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; (D.G.); (Y.G.); (C.J.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.D.); (R.Y.)
- Correspondence: (W.Q.); (W.J.)
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Design and synthesis of 7-O-1,2,3-triazole hesperetin derivatives to relieve inflammation of acute liver injury in mice. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113162. [PMID: 33493826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the previous research results of our research group, to further improve the anti-inflammatory activity of hesperetin, we substituted triazole at the 7-OH branch of hesperetin. We also evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of 39 new hesperetin derivatives. All compounds showed inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW264.7 cells. Compound d5 showed a strong inhibitory effect on NO (half maximal inhibitory concentration = 2.34 ± 0.7 μM) and tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and (IL-6). Structure-activity relationships indicate that 7-O-triazole is buried in a medium-sized hydrophobic cavity that binds to the receptor. Compound d5 can also reduce the reactive oxygen species production and significantly inhibit the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 through the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. In vivo results indicate that d5 can reduce liver inflammation in mice with acute liver injury (ALI) induced by CCI4. In conclusion, d5 may be a candidate drug for treating inflammation associated with ALI.
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12
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Zhang S, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Chen H, Hao M, Tan Q, Hu C, Zhou H, Xu J, Gu Q. Synthesis and evaluation of andrographolide derivatives as potent anti-osteoporosis agents in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113185. [PMID: 33485256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we found that 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide (2), a derivative of andrographolide (AP, 1), had greatly reduced cytotoxicity compared with AP and exhibited moderate anti-osteoclastogenesis activity. Thirty compounds were synthesized by introducing anti-osteoporosis chemotypes at C-19 of 2. Six of them exhibited stronger inhibition of osteoclastogenesis than AP. Of note, compound 12g displayed the most potent activity with IC50 value of 0.35 μM. The expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes such as TRAcP, CTSK, NFATc1, and MMP-9 were also decreased by 12g treatment. Furthermore, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that compound 12g inhibited osteoclast differentiation through downregulation of RANKL-induced NF-κB signaling pathway. In an ovariectomized (OVX) female mice model, compound 12g significantly ameliorated bone loss. Therefore, compound 12g exhibited promising in vivo efficacy and low toxicity, indicating its therapeutic potential for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxuan Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuying Fang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mengjiao Hao
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingyun Tan
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Tran QT, Tan DW, Wong WF, Chai CL. From irreversible to reversible covalent inhibitors: Harnessing the andrographolide scaffold for anti-inflammatory action. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Gu L, Lu J, Li Q, Huang W, Wu N, Yu Q, Lu H, Zhang X. Synthesis, extracorporeal nephrotoxicity, and 3D-QSAR of andrographolide derivatives. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:592-606. [PMID: 32946197 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide is a traditional Chinese medicine monomer with many pharmacological activities, but has potential nephrotoxicity. Here, we aim to investigate the relationship between modification of andrographolide structure and its nephrotoxicity. Twenty-three andrographolide derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were confirmed by 1 H-NMR and HRMS. Nephrotoxicity of these compounds against human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells was evaluated using the MTT assay. The results indicated that most of them had significantly reduced nephrotoxicity, especially compounds III, V, and IXc , with IC50 values of 1,985, 1,300, and 806.9 μmol/L, respectively, which were obviously superior to andrographolide (IC50 30.60 μmol/L). However, compounds Ia -If (IC50 values < 30 μmol/L), the 14-OH derivatives of andrographolide, showed higher nephrotoxicity than that of andrographolide. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models of COMFA and COMSIA were established (COMFA: q2 = 0.639, r2 = 0.951; COMSIA: q2 = 0.569, r2 = 0.857). This model allowed proposing five new compounds with lower theoretical nephrotoxicity, which would be worthwhile to synthesize and evaluate. We believe that predicted models will help us to understand the structural modification requirements of andrographolide to reduce the nephrotoxicity, and further investigations will be needed to determine the mechanism involved in the effect of less nephrotoxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric, Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric, Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric, Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric, Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ningzi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric, Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric, Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Andrographolide: Chemical modification and its effect on biological activities. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Shen QK, Gong GH, Li G, Jin M, Cao LH, Quan ZS. Discovery and evaluation of novel synthetic 5-alkyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carbox-amide derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 35:85-95. [PMID: 31707866 PMCID: PMC6853232 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1680658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop novel anti-inflammatory agents, a series of 5-alkyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesised, and evaluated for anti-inflammatory effects using RAW264.7 cells. Structures of the synthesised compounds were determined using 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. All the compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity based on their inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO release. Among them, 5-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-[1, 2, 4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxaline-1-carboxamide (6p) showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity and inhibited NO release more potently than the lead compound D1. Further studies revealed that compound 6p reduced the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6, and that its anti-inflammatory activity involves the inhibition of COX-2 and iNOS and downregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signal pathway. Notably, compound 6p displayed more prominent anti-inflammatory activity than D1 and the positive control ibuprofen in the in vivo acute inflammatory model. Overall, these findings indicate that compound 6p is a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Kun Shen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Guo-Hua Gong
- Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System, Tongliao, China.,Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Gao- Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Mei- Jin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Hua Cao
- College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Zhe-Shan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources and Functional Molecules of the Changbai Mountain, Affiliated Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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Minhas R, Bansal Y, Bansal G. Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors: A comprehensive update. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:823-855. [PMID: 31502681 DOI: 10.1002/med.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is expressed in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli, generates nitric oxide (NO) that provides cytoprotection. Overexpression of iNOS increases the levels of NO, and this increased NO level is implicated in pathophysiology of complex multifactorial diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selective inhibition of iNOS is an effective approach in treatment of such complex diseases. l-Arginine, being a substrate for iNOS, is the natural lead to develop iNOS inhibitors. More than 200 research reports on development of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors by different research groups across the globe have appeared in literature so far. The first review on iNOS, in 2002, discussed the iNOS inhibitors under two classes that is, amino acid and non-amino acid derivatives. Other review articles discussing specific chemical classes of iNOS inhibitors also appeared during last decade. In the present review, all reports on both natural and synthetic iNOS inhibitors, published 2002 onwards, are studied, classified, and discussed to provide comprehensive information on iNOS inhibitors. The synthetic inhibitors are broadly classified into two categories that is, arginine and non-arginine analogs. The latter are further classified into amidines, five- or six-membered heterocyclics, fused cyclics, steroidal type, and chalcones analogs. Structures of the most/significantly potent compounds from each report are provided to know the functional groups important for incurring iNOS inhibitory activity and selectivity. This review is aimed to provide a comprehensive view to the medicinal chemists for rational designing of novel and potent iNOS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Minhas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Yogita Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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18
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Wang W, Wu Y, Yang K, Wu C, Tang R, Li H, Chen L. Synthesis of novel andrographolide beckmann rearrangement derivatives and evaluation of their HK2-related anti-inflammatory activities. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 173:282-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Kandanur SGS, Kundu S, Cadena C, Juan HS, Bajaj A, Guzman JD, Nanduri S, Golakoti NR. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 12-substituted-14-deoxy-andrographolide derivatives as apoptosis inducers. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00718-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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