1
|
Aldfer MM, Hulpia F, van Calenbergh S, De Koning HP. Mapping the transporter-substrate interactions of the Trypanosoma cruzi NB1 nucleobase transporter reveals the basis for its high affinity and selectivity for hypoxanthine and guanine and lack of nucleoside uptake. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2024; 258:111616. [PMID: 38401850 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite and the etiological agent of Chagas disease, a debilitating and sometimes fatal disease that continues to spread to new areas. Yet, Chagas disease is still only treated with two related nitro compounds that are insufficiently effective and cause severe side effects. Nucleotide metabolism is one of the known vulnerabilities of T. cruzi, as they are auxotrophic for purines, and nucleoside analogues have been shown to have genuine promise against this parasite in vitro and in vivo. Since purine antimetabolites require efficient uptake through transporters, we here report a detailed characterisation of the T. cruzi NB1 nucleobase transporter with the aim of elucidating the interactions between TcrNB1 and its substrates and finding the positions that can be altered in the design of novel antimetabolites without losing transportability. Systematically determining the inhibition constants (Ki) of purine analogues for TcrNB1 yielded their Gibbs free energy of interaction, ΔG0. Pairwise comparisons of substrate (hypoxanthine, guanine, adenine) and analogues allowed us to determine that optimal binding affinity by TcrNB1 requires interactions with all four nitrogen residues of the purine ring, with N1 and N9, in protonation state, functioning as presumed hydrogen bond donors and unprotonated N3 and N7 as hydrogen bond acceptors. This is the same interaction pattern as we previously described for the main nucleobase transporters of Trypanosoma brucei spp. and Leishmania major and makes it the first of the ENT-family genes that is functionally as well as genetically conserved between the three main kinetoplast pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M Aldfer
- School of Infection and Immunity, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8TA, UK
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Serge van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Harry P De Koning
- School of Infection and Immunity, Sir Graeme Davies Building, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, GlasgowG12 8TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fleuti M, Sanchez-Quirante T, Poštová Slavětínská L, Tloušt'ová E, Tichý M, Gurská S, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Biological Profiling of Quinolino-Fused 7-Deazapurine Nucleosides. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20557-20570. [PMID: 38737052 PMCID: PMC11080019 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
A series of quinolino-fused 7-deazapurine (pyrimido[5',4':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline) ribonucleosides were designed and synthesized. The synthesis of the key 11-chloro-pyrimido[5',4':4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline was based on the Negishi cross-coupling of iodoquinoline with zincated 4,6-dichloropyrimidine followed by azidation and thermal or photochemical cyclization. Vorbrüggen glycosylation of the tetracyclic heterocycle followed by cross-coupling or substitution reactions at position 11 gave the desired set of final nucleosides that showed moderate to weak cytostatic activity and fluorescent properties. The corresponding fused adenosine derivative was converted to the triphosphate and successfully incorporated to RNA using in vitro transcription with T7 RNA polymerase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Fleuti
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 CZ-12843, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Tania Sanchez-Quirante
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 CZ-12843, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt'ová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University
Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská
5, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University
Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská
5, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University
Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská
5, Olomouc CZ-77515, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague 2 CZ-12843, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, Prague 6 CZ-16610, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Present C, Girão RD, Lin C, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S, Moreira O, Ruivo LADS, Batista MM, Azevedo R, Batista DDGJ, Soeiro MDNC. N 6-methyltubercidin gives sterile cure in a cutaneous Leishmania amazonensis mouse model. Parasitology 2024; 151:506-513. [PMID: 38533610 PMCID: PMC11106500 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182024000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Leishmania is a trypanosomatid parasite that causes skin lesions in its cutaneous form. Current therapies rely on old and expensive drugs, against which the parasites have acquired considerable resistance. Trypanosomatids are unable to synthesize purines relying on salvaging from the host, and nucleoside analogues have emerged as attractive antiparasitic drug candidates. 4-Methyl-7-β-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (CL5564), an analogue of tubercidin in which the amine has been replaced by a methyl group, demonstrates activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Herein, we investigated its in vitro and in vivo activity against L. amazonensis. CL5564 was 6.5-fold (P = 0.0002) more potent than milteforan™ (ML) against intracellular forms in peritoneal mouse macrophages, and highly selective, while combination with ML gave an additive effect. These results stimulated us to study the activity of CL5564 in mouse model of cutaneous Leishmania infection. BALB/c female and male mice infected by L. amazonensis treated with CL5564 (10 mg kg−1, intralesional route for five days) presented a >93% reduction of paw lesion size likely ML given orally at 40 mg kg−1, while the combination (10 + 40 mg kg−1 of CL5564 and ML, respectively) caused >96% reduction. The qPCR confirmed the suppression of parasite load, but only the combination approach reached 66% of parasitological cure. These results support additional studies with nucleoside derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Present
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Roberson Donola Girão
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cai Lin
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Otacilio Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Alexandre de Souza Ruivo
- Laboratório de Virologia e Parasitologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Meuser Batista
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Azevedo
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise da Gama Jaen Batista
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro
- Laboratorio de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Chen L, Tian K, Li X. Tubercidin inhibits PRRSV replication via RIG-I/NF-κB pathways and interrupting viral nsp2 synthesis. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0347923. [PMID: 38299833 PMCID: PMC10913529 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03479-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an RNA virus with constantly emerging recombinant and mutant strains. Because of the high genetic diversity of PRRSV, current vaccines only provide partial protection against the infection of heterologous strains, which makes it a challenge for PRRSV prevention and control. Tubercidin is a naturally extracted compound with potential antiviral properties. However, whether tubercidin has anti-PRRSV ability is unknown. Our study found that tubercidin showed effective antiviral effects on PRRSV replication. In terms of mechanism, tubercidin suppressed PRRSV at the entry, replication, and release steps of the viral life cycle. Additionally, we demonstrated that tubercidin treatment promoted the activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell signaling pathway, thus increasing the type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, tubercidin restrained the viral non-structural protein 2 expression and viral dsRNA synthesis and ultimately inhibited PRRSV replication. Hence, our data showed that tubercidin is promising and has potential antiviral ability against PRRSV replication in vitro. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important swine diseases, which causes huge economic loss worldwide. However, there is no effective therapeutic method for PRRS prevention and control. Here, we found that tubercidin, a naturally extracted adenosine analog, exhibited strong anti-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) activity. Mechanically, tubercidin inhibited viral binding, replication, and release. Tubercidin suppressed PRRSV non-structural protein 2 expression, which is important for the formation of replication and transcription complex, leading to the block of viral RNA synthesis and PRRSV replication. Moreover, tubercidin could activate retinoic acid-inducible gene I/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell innate immune signaling pathway and increased the expression of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, which was the other way to inhibit PRRSV replication. Our work evaluated the potential value of tubercidin as an antiviral agent on PRRSV replication and provided a new way to prevent PRRSV replication in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenbang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xia Z, Kondhare D, Chandankar SS, Ingale SA, Leonard P, Seela F. Nucleobase-Functionalized 7-Deazaisoguanine and 7-Deazapurin-2,6-diamine Nucleosides: Halogenation, Cross-Coupling, and Cycloaddition. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1807-1822. [PMID: 38227281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The functionalization in position-7 of 7-deazaisoguanine and 7-deazapurin-2,6-diamine ribo- and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides by halogen atoms (chloro, bromo, iodo), and clickable alkynyl and vinyl side chains for copper-catalyzed and copper-free cycloadditions is described. Problems arising during the synthesis of the 7-iodinated isoguanine ribo- and 2'-deoxyribonucleosides were solved by the action of acetone. The impact of side chains and halogen atoms on the pKa values and hydrophobicity of nucleosides was investigated. Halogenated substituents increase the lipophilic character of nucleosides in the order Cl < Br < I and decrease the pK values of protonation. Photophysical properties (fluorescence, solvatochromism, and quantum yields) of azide-alkyne click adducts bearing pyrene as sensor groups were determined. Pyrene fluorescence was solvent-dependent and changed according to the linker lengths. Excimer emission was observed in dioxane for the long linker adduct. Bioorthogonal inverse-electron-demanding Diels-Alder cycloadditions (iEDDA) were conducted on the electron-rich vinyl groups of 7-deazaisoguanine and 7-deazapurin-2,6-diamine nucleosides as dienophiles and 3,6-dipyridyl-1,2,4,5-tetrazine as diene. The initially formed complex reaction mixture of isomers could be easily oxidized with iodine in tetrahydrofuran (THF)/pyridine leading to single aromatic tetrazine adducts within a short time and in excellent yields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Xia
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dasharath Kondhare
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Somnath Shivaji Chandankar
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sachin A Ingale
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Leonard
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Seela
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Nanotechnology, Heisenbergstrasse 11, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Laboratorium für Organische und Bioorganische Chemie, Institut für Chemie neuer Materialien, Universität Osnabrück, Barbarastrasse 7, 49069 Osnabrück, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng Y, Matheeussen A, Maes L, Caljon G, Sterk GJ, Leurs R. Structural Optimization of BIPPO Analogs as Potent Antimalarials. Molecules 2023; 28:4939. [PMID: 37446602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria continues to pose a significant health threat, causing thousands of deaths each year. The limited availability of vaccines and medications, combined with the emergence of drug resistance, further complicates the fight against this disease. In this study, we aimed to enhance the antimalarial potency of the previously reported hit compound BIPPO (pIC50 5.9). Through systematic modification of pyrazolopyrimidinone analogs, we discovered the promising analog 30 (NPD-3547), which exhibited approximately one log unit higher in vitro potency (pIC50 6.8) against Plasmodium falciparum. Furthermore, we identified several other BIPPO analogs (23, 28, 29 and 47a) with potent antimalarial activity (pIC50 > 6.0) and favorable metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomes. These compounds can serve as new tools for further optimization towards the development of potential candidates for antimalarial studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - An Matheeussen
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Geert Jan Sterk
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ungogo MA, Aldfer MM, Natto MJ, Zhuang H, Chisholm R, Walsh K, McGee M, Ilbeigi K, Asseri JI, Burchmore RJS, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S, De Koning HP. Cloning and Characterization of Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax Nucleoside Transporters Reveal the Potential of P1-Type Carriers for the Discovery of Broad-Spectrum Nucleoside-Based Therapeutics against Animal African Trypanosomiasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043144. [PMID: 36834557 PMCID: PMC9960827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
African Animal Trypanosomiasis (AAT), caused predominantly by Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. vivax and T. congolense, is a fatal livestock disease throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. Treatment options are very limited and threatened by resistance. Tubercidin (7-deazaadenosine) analogs have shown activity against individual parasites but viable chemotherapy must be active against all three species. Divergence in sensitivity to nucleoside antimetabolites could be caused by differences in nucleoside transporters. Having previously characterized the T. brucei nucleoside carriers, we here report the functional expression and characterization of the main adenosine transporters of T. vivax (TvxNT3) and T. congolense (TcoAT1/NT10), in a Leishmania mexicana cell line ('SUPKO') lacking adenosine uptake. Both carriers were similar to the T. brucei P1-type transporters and bind adenosine mostly through interactions with N3, N7 and 3'-OH. Expression of TvxNT3 and TcoAT1 sensitized SUPKO cells to various 7-substituted tubercidins and other nucleoside analogs although tubercidin itself is a poor substrate for P1-type transporters. Individual nucleoside EC50s were similar for T. b. brucei, T. congolense, T. evansi and T. equiperdum but correlated less well with T. vivax. However, multiple nucleosides including 7-halogentubercidines displayed pEC50>7 for all species and, based on transporter and anti-parasite SAR analyses, we conclude that nucleoside chemotherapy for AAT is viable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzuq A. Ungogo
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810107, Kaduna State, Nigeria
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mustafa M. Aldfer
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Manal J. Natto
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Hainan Zhuang
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Robyn Chisholm
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Katy Walsh
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - MarieClaire McGee
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Kayhan Ilbeigi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jamal Ibrahim Asseri
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Richard J. S. Burchmore
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Harry P. De Koning
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fiuza LFDA, Batista DGJ, Girão RD, Hulpia F, Finamore-Araújo P, Aldfer MM, Elmahallawy EK, De Koning HP, Moreira O, Van Calenbergh S, Soeiro MDNC. Phenotypic Evaluation of Nucleoside Analogues against Trypanosoma cruzi Infection: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228087. [PMID: 36432189 PMCID: PMC9695592 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), is a serious public health problem. Current treatment is restricted to two drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, displaying serious efficacy and safety drawbacks. Nucleoside analogues represent a promising alternative as protozoans do not biosynthesize purines and rely on purine salvage from the hosts. Protozoan transporters often present different substrate specificities from mammalian transporters, justifying the exploration of nucleoside analogues as therapeutic agents. Previous reports identified nucleosides with potent trypanocidal activity; therefore, two 7-derivatized tubercidins (FH11706, FH10714) and a 3′-deoxytubercidin (FH8513) were assayed against T. cruzi. They were highly potent and selective, and the uptake of the tubercidin analogues appeared to be mediated by the nucleoside transporter TcrNT2. At 10 μM, the analogues reduced parasitemia >90% in 2D and 3D cardiac cultures. The washout assays showed that FH10714 sterilized the infected cultures. Given orally, the compounds did not induce noticeable mouse toxicity (50 mg/kg), suppressed the parasitemia of T. cruzi-infected Swiss mice (25 mg/kg, 5 days) and presented DNA amplification below the limit of detection. These findings justify further studies with longer treatment regimens, as well as evaluations in combination with nitro drugs, aiming to identify more effective and safer therapies for Chagas disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila F. de A. Fiuza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Denise G. J. Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Roberson D. Girão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paula Finamore-Araújo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Mustafa M. Aldfer
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow 62694, UK
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow 62694, UK
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Harry P. De Koning
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow 62694, UK
| | - Otacílio Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20000-000, Brazil
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria de Nazaré C. Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2562-1368
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Trypanosoma cruzi TcrNT2 Nucleoside Transporter Is a Conduit for the Uptake of 5-F-2'-Deoxyuridine and Tubercidin Analogues. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228045. [PMID: 36432150 PMCID: PMC9693223 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the scarce validated drug targets against Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite's nucleoside salvage system has recently attracted considerable attention. Although the trypanocidal activity of tubercidin (7-deazapurine) has long been known, the identification of a class of 7-substituted tubercidin analogs with potent in vitro and in vivo activity and much-enhanced selectivity has made nucleoside analogs among the most promising lead compounds against CD. Here, we investigate the recently identified TcrNT2 nucleoside transporter and its potential role in antimetabolite chemotherapy. TcrNT2, expressed in a Leishmania mexicana cell line lacking the NT1 nucleoside transporter locus, displayed very high selectivity and affinity for thymidine with a Km of 0.26 ± 0.05 µM. The selectivity was explained by interactions of 2-oxo, 4-oxo, 5-Me, 3'-hydroxy and 5'-hydroxy with the transporter binding pocket, whereas a hydroxy group at the 2' position was deleterious to binding. This made 5-halogenated 2'-deoxyuridine analogues good substrates but 5-F-2'-deoxyuridine displayed disappointing activity against T. cruzi trypomastigotes. By comparing the EC50 values of tubercidin and its 7-substituted analogues against L. mexicana Cas9, Cas9ΔNT1 and Cas9ΔNT1+TcrNT2 it was shown that TcrNT2 can take up tubercidin and, at a minimum, a subset of the analogs.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang C, Slavětínská LP, Fleuti M, Klepetářová B, Tichý M, Gurská S, Pavliš P, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis of Polycyclic Hetero-Fused 7-Deazapurine Heterocycles and Nucleosides through C-H Dibenzothiophenation and Negishi Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19437-19446. [PMID: 36245092 PMCID: PMC9619403 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A new approach for synthesizing polycyclic heterofused
7-deazapurine
heterocycles and the corresponding nucleosides was developed based
on C–H functionalization of diverse (hetero)aromatics with
dibenzothiophene-S-oxide followed by the Negishi
cross-cooupling with bis(4,6-dichloropyrimidin-5-yl)zinc. This cross-coupling
afforded a series of (het)aryl-pyrimidines that were converted to
fused deazapurine heterocycles through azidation and thermal cyclization.
The fused heterocycles were glycosylated to the corresponding 2′-deoxy-
and ribonucleosides, and a series of derivatives were prepared by
nucleophilic substitutions at position 4. Four series of new polycyclic
thieno-fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides were synthesized using this
strategy. Most of the deoxyribonucleosides showed good cytotoxic activity,
especially for the CCRF-CEM cell line. Phenyl- and thienyl-substituted
thieno-fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides were fluorescent, and the former
one was converted to 2′-deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate for
enzymatic synthesis of labeled oligonucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic,Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marianne Fleuti
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic,Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
& Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavliš
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
& Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
& Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
& Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Hněvotínská
5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic,Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic,E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Campagnaro GD. Purine Transporters as Efficient Carriers for Anti-kinetoplastid Molecules: 3'-Deoxytubercidin versus Trypanosomes. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1727-1730. [PMID: 35925865 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
After a growing interest in the function of purine transporters in protozoa during the 1990s and early 2000s, the area experienced a lull phase. Recently, however, the potential of tubercidin derivatives, particularly 3'-deoxytubercidin, to cure Trypanosoma brucei infection seems to have started a new wave of interest in the subject, with a large number of newly designed compounds and extensive in vitro testing against T. brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp. Understanding the biochemical properties of purine transporters and using them as drug carriers seem to be emerging once again as a valuable tactic in the fight against neglected diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Daniel Campagnaro
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mabille D, Ilbeigi K, Hendrickx S, Ungogo MA, Hulpia F, Lin C, Maes L, de Koning HP, Van Calenbergh S, Caljon G. Nucleoside analogues for the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2022; 19:21-30. [PMID: 35567803 PMCID: PMC9111543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Animal trypanosomiasis (AT) is a parasitic disease with high socio-economic impact. Given the limited therapeutic options and problems of toxicity and drug resistance, this study assessed redirecting our previously identified antitrypanosomal nucleosides for the treatment of AT. Promising hits were identified with excellent in vitro activity across all important animal trypanosome species. Compound 7, an inosine analogue, and our previously described lead compound, 3'-deoxytubercidin (8), showed broad spectrum anti-AT activity, metabolic stability in the target host species and absence of toxicity, but with variable efficacy ranging from limited activity to full cure in mouse models of Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax infection. Several compounds show promise against T. evansi (surra) and T. equiperdum (dourine). Given the preferred target product profile for a broad-spectrum compound against AT, this study emphasizes the need to include T. vivax in the screening cascade given its divergent susceptibility profile and provides a basis for lead optimization towards such broad spectrum anti-AT compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Kayhan Ilbeigi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marzuq A Ungogo
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cai Lin
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nucleoside Transport and Nucleobase Uptake Null Mutants in Leishmania mexicana for the Routine Expression and Characterization of Purine and Pyrimidine Transporters. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158139. [PMID: 35897714 PMCID: PMC9331716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of transporters is highly challenging, as they cannot be isolated or studied in suspension, requiring a cellular or vesicular system, and, when mediated by more than one carrier, difficult to interpret. Nucleoside analogues are important drug candidates, and all protozoan pathogens express multiple equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) genes. We have therefore developed a system for the routine expression of nucleoside transporters, using CRISPR/cas9 to delete both copies of all three nucleoside transporters from Leishmania mexicana (ΔNT1.1/1.2/2 (SUPKO)). SUPKO grew at the same rate as the parental strain and displayed no apparent deficiencies, owing to the cells’ ability to synthesize pyrimidines, and the expression of the LmexNT3 purine nucleobase transporter. Nucleoside transport was barely measurable in SUPKO, but reintroduction of L. mexicana NT1.1, NT1.2, and NT2 restored uptake. Thus, SUPKO provides an ideal null background for the expression and characterization of single ENT transporter genes in isolation. Similarly, an LmexNT3-KO strain provides a null background for transport of purine nucleobases and was used for the functional characterization of T. cruzi NB2, which was determined to be adenine-specific. A 5-fluorouracil-resistant strain (Lmex5FURes) displayed null transport for uracil and 5FU, and was used to express the Aspergillus nidulans uracil transporter FurD.
Collapse
|
14
|
Venturelli A, Tagliazucchi L, Lima C, Venuti F, Malpezzi G, Magoulas GE, Santarem N, Calogeropoulou T, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Costi MP. Current Treatments to Control African Trypanosomiasis and One Health Perspective. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071298. [PMID: 35889018 PMCID: PMC9321528 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT, sleeping sickness) and Animal African Trypanosomiasis (AAT) are neglected tropical diseases generally caused by the same etiological agent, Trypanosoma brucei. Despite important advances in the reduction or disappearance of HAT cases, AAT represents a risky reservoir of the infections. There is a strong need to control AAT, as is claimed by the European Commission in a recent document on the reservation of antimicrobials for human use. Control of AAT is considered part of the One Health approach established by the FAO program against African Trypanosomiasis. Under the umbrella of the One Health concepts, in this work, by analyzing the pharmacological properties of the therapeutic options against Trypanosoma brucei spp., we underline the need for clearer and more defined guidelines in the employment of drugs designed for HAT and AAT. Essential requirements are addressed to meet the challenge of drug use and drug resistance development. This approach shall avoid inter-species cross-resistance phenomena and retain drugs therapeutic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Venturelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.V.); (L.T.); (F.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.V.); (L.T.); (F.V.); (G.M.)
- Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (CEM), University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Clara Lima
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (N.S.); (A.C.-d.-S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Federica Venuti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.V.); (L.T.); (F.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Giulia Malpezzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.V.); (L.T.); (F.V.); (G.M.)
| | - George E. Magoulas
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Nuno Santarem
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (N.S.); (A.C.-d.-S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Theodora Calogeropoulou
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece; (G.E.M.); (T.C.)
| | - Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva
- Host-Parasite Interactions Group, Institute of Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal; (C.L.); (N.S.); (A.C.-d.-S.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4099-002 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Paola Costi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (A.V.); (L.T.); (F.V.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vaňková K, Doleželová E, Tloušťová E, Hocková D, Zíková A, Janeba Z. Synthesis and anti-trypanosomal evaluation of novel N-branched acyclic nucleoside phosphonates bearing 7-aryl-7-deazapurine nucleobase. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114559. [PMID: 35763869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 7-aryl-7-deazaadenine-based N-branched acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (aza-ANPs) has been prepared using the optimized Suzuki cross-coupling reaction as the key synthetic step. The final free phosphonates 15a-h were inactive, due to their inefficient transport across cell membranes, but they inhibited Trypanosoma brucei adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (TbrAPRT1) with Ki values of 1.7-14.1 μM. The corresponding phosphonodiamidate prodrugs 14a-h exhibited anti-trypanosomal activity in the Trypanosoma brucei brucei cell-based assay with EC50 values in the range of 0.58-6.8 μM. 7-(4-Methoxy)phenyl-7-deazapurine derivative 14h, containing two phosphonate moieties, was the most potent anti-trypanosomal agent from the series, with EC50 = 0.58 μM and SI = 16. Finally, phosphonodiamidate prodrugs 14a-h exerted low micromolar cytotoxicity against leukemia and/or cancer cell lines tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Vaňková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Doleželová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušťová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Hocková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Exploration of 6-methyl-7-(Hetero)Aryl-7-Deazapurine ribonucleosides as antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114367. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Lin C, Jaén Batista DDG, Mazzeti AL, Donola Girão R, de Oliveira GM, Karalic I, Hulpia F, Soeiro MDNC, Maes L, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S. N 6-modification of 7-Deazapurine nucleoside analogues as Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Leishmania agents: Structure-activity relationship exploration and In vivo evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114165. [PMID: 35144125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are two poverty-related neglected tropical diseases that cause high mortality and morbidity. Current treatments suffer from severe limitations and novel, safer and more effective drugs are urgently needed. Both Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania are auxotrophic for purines and absolutely depend on uptake and assimilation of host purines. This led us to successfully explore purine nucleoside analogues as chemotherapeutic agents against these and other kinetoplastid infections. This study extensively explored the modification of the 6-amino group of tubercidin, a natural product with trypanocidal activity but unacceptable toxicity for clinical use. We found that mono-substitution of the amine with short alkyls elicits potent and selective antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activity. The methyl analogue 15 displayed the best in vitro activity against both T. cruzi and L. infantum and high selectivity versus host cells. Oral administration for five consecutive days in an acute Chagas disease mouse model resulted in significantly reduced peak parasitemia levels (75, 89 and 96% with 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively). as well as increased animal survival rates with the lower doses (83 and 67% for 12.5 and 25 mg/kg/day, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Lin
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Denise da Gama Jaén Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberson Donola Girão
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Melo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Izet Karalic
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maria de Nazaré C Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu C, Zhang Z, Liu T, Zhang W, Zhong W, Ling F. Hydrogen Evolution Enabled Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulations of Purines and 7-Deazapurines with Alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9508-9511. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed electrochemical regioselective annulation of 6-phenylpurines and 6-phenyl-7-deazapurines with alkynes has been developed. Electricity is used to recycle the active rhodium-based catalyst, promote the evolution of H2 and help...
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin C, Hulpia F, Karalic I, De Schepper L, Maes L, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S. 6-Methyl-7-deazapurine nucleoside analogues as broad-spectrum antikinetoplastid agents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-DRUGS AND DRUG RESISTANCE 2021; 17:57-66. [PMID: 34375904 PMCID: PMC8358123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites are the causative agents of Chagas disease (CD), leishmaniasis and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Despite a sustained decrease in the number of HAT cases, more efforts are needed to discover safe and effective therapies against CD and leishmaniasis. Kinetoplastid parasites lack the capability to biosynthesize purines de novo and thus critically depend on uptake and processing of purines from host cells. As such, modified purine nucleoside analogues may act as broad-spectrum antikinetoplastid agents. This study assessed the in vitro activity profile of 7-modified 6-methyl tubercidin derivatives against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania infantum, Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. b. rhodesiense, and led to the identification of analogues that display activity against all these species, such as 7-ethyl (13) and 7-chloro (7) analogues. These selected analogues also proved sufficiently stable in liver microsomes to warrant in vivo follow-up evaluation. New safe and effective therapies are needed for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis. The causative agents rely on the acquisition of purine nucleobases and nucleosides from host cells to grow and multiply. New 7-substituted 6-methyl-7-deazapurine ribonucleosides were synthesized. A 7-ethyl and 7-chloro analogue display low to submicromolar activity against T. brucei, T. cruzi and L. infantum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Lin
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Izet Karalic
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Laurens De Schepper
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Natto MJ, Hulpia F, Kalkman ER, Baillie S, Alhejeli A, Miyamoto Y, Eckmann L, Van Calenbergh S, de Koning HP. Deazapurine Nucleoside Analogues for the Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1752-1764. [PMID: 33974405 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in humans, but treatment options are limited. Here, we report a resorufin-based drug sensitivity assay for high-throughput microplate-based screening under hypoxic conditions. A 5203-compound enamine kinase library and several specialized compound series were tested for the inhibition of Trichomonas growth at 10 μM with Z' values of >0.5. Hits were rescreened in serial dilution to establish an IC50 concentration. A series of 7-substituted 7-deazaadenosine analogues emerged as highly potent anti-T. vaginalis agents, with EC50 values in the low double digit nanomolar range. These analogues exhibited excellent selectivity indices. Follow-up medicinal chemistry efforts identified an optimal ribofuranose and C7 substituent. Several nucleosides rapidly cleared cultures of T. vaginalis at a concentrations of just 2 × EC50. Preliminary in vivo evaluation in a murine trichomoniasis model (Tritrichomonas foetus) revealed promising activity upon topical administration, validating purine nucleoside analogues as a new class of antitrichomonal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manal J. Natto
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Campus Heymans (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Eric R. Kalkman
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Susan Baillie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Amani Alhejeli
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | | | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Campus Heymans (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Harry P. de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Nguyen VH, Tichý M, Rožánková S, Pohl R, Downey AM, Doleželová E, Tloušťová E, Slapničková M, Zíková A, Hocek M. Synthesis and anti-trypanosomal activity of 3'-fluororibonucleosides derived from 7-deazapurine nucleosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 40:127957. [PMID: 33741462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.127957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma brucei parasites cause Human African Trypanosomiasis and the current drugs for its treatment are often inefficient and toxic. This urges the need to development of new antitrypanosomal agents. We report the synthesis and biological profiling of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluororibonucleosides derived from 7-deazaadenine nucleosides bearing diverse substituents at position 7. They were synthesized through glycosylation of 6-chloro-7-bromo- or -7-iodo-7-deazapurine with protected 3'-fluororibose followed by cross-coupling reactions at position 7 and/or deprotection. Most of the title nucleosides displayed micromolar or submicromolar activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The most active were the 7-bromo- and 7-iododerivatives which exerted double-digit nanomolar activity against T. b. brucei and T. b. gambiense and no cytotoxicity and thus represent promising candidates for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Hai Nguyen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Samanta Rožánková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - A Michael Downey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Doleželová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušťová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Slapničková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin C, Ferreira de Almeida Fiuza L, Cardoso Santos C, Ferreira Nunes D, Cruz Moreira O, Bouton J, Karalic I, Maes L, Caljon G, Hulpia F, de Nazaré C Soeiro M, Van Calenbergh S. 6-Methyl-7-Aryl-7-Deazapurine Nucleosides as Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Agents: Structure-Activity Relationship and in vivo Efficacy. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2231-2253. [PMID: 33856742 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a tropical infectious disease resulting in progressive organ-damage and currently lacks efficient treatment and vaccine options. The causative pathogen, Trypanosoma cruzi, requires uptake and processing of preformed purines from the host because it cannot synthesize these de novo, instigating the evaluation of modified purine nucleosides as potential trypanocides. By modifying the pyrimidine part of a previously identified 7-aryl-7-deazapurine nucleoside, we found that substitution of a 6-methyl for a 6-amino group allows retaining T. cruzi amastigote growth inhibitory activity but confers improved selectivity towards mammalian cells. By keeping the 6-methyl group unaltered, and introducing different 7-aryl groups, we identified several analogues with sub-micromolar antitrypanosomal activity. The 7-(4-chlorophenyl) analogue 14, which was stable in microsomes, was evaluated in an acute mouse model. Oral administration of 25 mg/kg b.i.d. suppressed peak parasitemia and protected mice from infection-related mortality, gave similar reductions as the reference drug of blood parasite loads determined by qPCR, but as benznidazole failed to induce sterile cure in the short time period of drug exposure (5 days).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Lin
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ludmila Ferreira de Almeida Fiuza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Cardoso Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ferreira Nunes
- Plataforma de PCR em Tempo Real RPT09A-Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otacílio Cruz Moreira
- Plataforma de PCR em Tempo Real RPT09A-Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jakob Bouton
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Izet Karalic
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Gent, Belgium.,Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Maria de Nazaré C Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mabille D, Cardoso Santos C, Hendrickx R, Claes M, Takac P, Clayton C, Hendrickx S, Hulpia F, Maes L, Van Calenbergh S, Caljon G. 4E Interacting Protein as a Potential Novel Drug Target for Nucleoside Analogues in Trypanosoma brucei. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040826. [PMID: 33924674 PMCID: PMC8069773 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected parasitic disease for which the current treatment options are quite limited. Trypanosomes are not able to synthesize purines de novo and thus solely depend on purine salvage from the host environment. This characteristic makes players of the purine salvage pathway putative drug targets. The activity of known nucleoside analogues such as tubercidin and cordycepin led to the development of a series of C7-substituted nucleoside analogues. Here, we use RNA interference (RNAi) libraries to gain insight into the mode-of-action of these novel nucleoside analogues. Whole-genome RNAi screening revealed the involvement of adenosine kinase and 4E interacting protein into the mode-of-action of certain antitrypanosomal nucleoside analogues. Using RNAi lines and gene-deficient parasites, 4E interacting protein was found to be essential for parasite growth and infectivity in the vertebrate host. The essential nature of this gene product and involvement in the activity of certain nucleoside analogues indicates that it represents a potential novel drug target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (D.M.); (C.C.S.); (R.H.); (M.C.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Camila Cardoso Santos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (D.M.); (C.C.S.); (R.H.); (M.C.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular (LBC), Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC/Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rik Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (D.M.); (C.C.S.); (R.H.); (M.C.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Mathieu Claes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (D.M.); (C.C.S.); (R.H.); (M.C.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Peter Takac
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84506 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Scientica, Ltd., 83106 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Christine Clayton
- DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Sarah Hendrickx
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (D.M.); (C.C.S.); (R.H.); (M.C.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Campus Heymans, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (F.H.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (D.M.); (C.C.S.); (R.H.); (M.C.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Campus Heymans, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium; (F.H.); (S.V.C.)
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (D.M.); (C.C.S.); (R.H.); (M.C.); (S.H.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Perlíková P, Krajczyk A, Doleželová E, Slapničková M, Milisavljevic N, Slavětínská LP, Tloušt’ová E, Gurská S, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Zíková A, Hocek M. Synthesis and Antitrypanosomal Activity of 6-Substituted 7-Methyl-7-deazapurine Nucleosides. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:917-926. [PMID: 33769794 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei species is one of the most damaging neglected tropical diseases. While the number of newly diagnosed cases per year is record low, there is still high interest in the development of new antitrypanosomal agents in case of resistance to currently used drugs and their combinations, and to replace drugs with serious side effects. We report a series of 7-methyl-7-deazapurine (5-methyl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine) ribonucleosides bearing alkyl, methylsulfanyl, methylamino, or diverse alkoxy groups at position 6 that was prepared through glycosylation of 6-chloro-7-methyl-7-deazapurine followed by nucleophilic substitutions or cross-coupling reactions at position 6 and deprotection. Most of the title nucleosides displayed significant activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and T. b. gambiense at submicromolar or nanomolar concentrations and low cytotoxicity and thus represent promising candidates for further development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavla Perlíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Krajczyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Doleželová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Slapničková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Nemanja Milisavljevic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt’ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16000 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bouton J, Ferreira de Almeida Fiuza L, Cardoso Santos C, Mazzarella MA, Soeiro MDNC, Maes L, Karalic I, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S. Revisiting Pyrazolo[3,4- d]pyrimidine Nucleosides as Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi and Antileishmanial Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4206-4238. [PMID: 33784107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease and visceral leishmaniasis are two neglected tropical diseases responsible for numerous deaths around the world. For both, current treatments are largely inadequate, resulting in a continued need for new drug discovery. As both kinetoplastid parasites are incapable of de novo purine synthesis, they depend on purine salvage pathways that allow them to acquire and process purines from the host to meet their demands. Purine nucleoside analogues therefore constitute a logical source of potential antiparasitic agents. Earlier optimization efforts of the natural product tubercidin (7-deazaadenosine) involving modifications to the nucleobase 7-position and the ribofuranose 3'-position led to analogues with potent anti-Trypanosoma brucei and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activities. In this work, we report the design and synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine nucleosides with 3'- and 7-modifications and assess their potential as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and antileishmanial agents. One compound was selected for in vivo evaluation in an acute Chagas disease mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bouton
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Ludmila Ferreira de Almeida Fiuza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Cardoso Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Angela Mazzarella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Via del Liceo 1, Perugia 06100, Italy
| | - Maria de Nazaré Correia Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Izet Karalic
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bouton J, Furquim d'Almeida A, Maes L, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S, Hulpia F. Synthesis and evaluation of 3'-fluorinated 7-deazapurine nucleosides as antikinetoplastid agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113290. [PMID: 33667845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Kinetoplastid parasites are the causative agents of neglected tropical diseases with an unmet medical need. These parasites are unable to synthesize the purine ring de novo, and therefore rely on purine salvage to meet their purine demand. Evaluating purine nucleoside analogs is therefore an attractive strategy to identify antikinetoplastid agents. Several anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and anti-Trypanosoma brucei 7-deazapurine nucleosides were previously discovered, with the removal of the 3'-hydroxyl group resulting in a significant boost in activity. In this work we therefore decided to assess the effect of the introduction of a 3'-fluoro substituent in 7-deazapurine nucleosides on the anti-kinetoplastid activities. Hence, we synthesized two series of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluororibofuranosyl and 3'-deoxy-3'-fluoroxylofuranosyl nucleosides comprising 7-deazaadenine and -hypoxanthine bases and assayed these for antiparasitic activity. Several analogs with potent activity against T. cruzi and T. brucei were discovered, indicating that a fluorine atom in the 3'-position is a promising modification for the discovery of antiparasitic nucleosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Bouton
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Arno Furquim d'Almeida
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Synthesis and evaluation of a collection of purine-like C-nucleosides as antikinetoplastid agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113101. [PMID: 33385837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kinetoplastid parasites Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. are the causative agents of neglected tropical diseases with a serious burden in several parts of the world. These parasites are incapable of synthesizing purines de novo, and therefore rely on ingenious purine salvage pathways to acquire and process purines from their host. Purine nucleoside analogs that may interfere with these pathways therefore constitute a privileged source of new antikinetoplastid agents. In this study, we synthetized a collection of C-nucleosides employing five different heterocyclic nucleobase surrogates. C-nucleosides are chemically and enzymatically stable and allow for extensive structural modification. Inspired by earlier 7-deazaadenosine nucleosides and known antileishmanial C-nucleosides, we introduced different modifications tailored towards antikinetoplastid activity. Both adenosine and inosine analogs were synthesized with the aim of discovering new antikinetoplastid hits and expanding knowledge of structure-activity relationships. Several promising hits with potent activity against Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum were discovered, and the nature of the nucleobase surrogate was found to have a profound influence on the selectivity profile of the compounds.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nvau JB, Alenezi S, Ungogo MA, Alfayez IAM, Natto MJ, Gray AI, Ferro VA, Watson DG, de Koning HP, Igoli JO. Antiparasitic and Cytotoxic Activity of Bokkosin, A Novel Diterpene-Substituted Chromanyl Benzoquinone From Calliandra portoricensis. Front Chem 2020; 8:574103. [PMID: 33282826 PMCID: PMC7705231 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.574103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calliandra portoricensis is a medicinal plant growing freely in Nigeria. It is used traditionally to treat tuberculosis, as an anthelmintic and an abortifacient. Phytochemical fractionation and screening of its root extracts has yielded a novel (5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-4-oxo-1-chromanyl)-4-methoxy-p-benzoquinone (breverin)-substituted cassane diterpene, which was designated bokkosin. It was obtained from column chromatography of the ethyl acetate extract of the roots. The compound was characterized using IR, NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectral data. Promising antiparasitic activity was observed against the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as moderate activity against Trypanosoma congolense and Leishmania mexicana and low toxicity in mammalian cells, with the best in vitro EC50 values against T. b. brucei (0.69 μg/mL against a standard laboratory strain, and its multi-drug resistant clone (0.33 μg/mL). The effect on T. b. brucei in culture was rapid and dose-dependent, leading to apparently irreversible growth arrest and cell death after an exposure of just 2 h at 2 × or 4 × EC50. The identification of bokkosin constitutes the first isolation of this class of compound from any natural source and establishes the compound as a potential trypanocide that, considering its novelty, should now be tested for activity against other microorganisms as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John B. Nvau
- Department of Chemistry, Plateau State University, Bokkos, Nigeria
| | - Samya Alenezi
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marzuq A. Ungogo
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim A. M. Alfayez
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Manal J. Natto
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander I. Gray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie A. Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dave G. Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Harry P. de Koning
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - John O. Igoli
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Phytochemistry Research Group, University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Veselovská L, Kudlová N, Gurská S, Lišková B, Medvedíková M, Hodek O, Tloušťová E, Milisavljevic N, Tichý M, Perlíková P, Mertlíková‐Kaiserová H, Trylčová J, Pohl R, Klepetářová B, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Cytotoxic and Antiviral Activity Profiling of All‐Four Isomeric Series of Pyrido‐Fused 7‐Deazapurine Ribonucleosides. Chemistry 2020; 26:13002-13015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Veselovská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Natálie Kudlová
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Czech Republic Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Czech Republic Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Lišková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Martina Medvedíková
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Hodek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušťová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Nemanja Milisavljevic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Hlavova 8 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Perlíková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková‐Kaiserová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Jana Trylčová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klepetářová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Czech Republic Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Cancer Research Czech Republic Hněvotínská 5 775 15 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Flemingovo nam. 2 16610 Prague 6 Czech Republic
- Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Science Charles University in Prague Hlavova 8 12843 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Fleuti M, Bártová K, Slavětínská LP, Tloušt'ová E, Tichý M, Gurská S, Pavliš P, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis and Biological Profiling of Pyrazolo-Fused 7-Deazapurine Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:10539-10551. [PMID: 32692916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of 8-substituted 1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[3',4':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (methylpyrazolo-fused 7-deazapurine) ribonucleosides have been designed and synthesized. Two synthetic approaches to the key heterocyclic aglycon 7, (i) a six-step classical heterocyclization starting from 5-chloro-1-methyl-4-nitropyrazole and (ii) a three-step cross-coupling and cyclization approach starting from the zincated 4,6-dichloropyrimidine, gave comparable total yields of 18% vs 13%. The glycosylation of 7 was attempted by three different methods but only the Vorbrüggen silyl-base protocol was efficient and stereoselective to give desired β-anomeric nucleoside intermediate 17A. Its nucleophilic substitutions or cross-coupling reactions at position 8 and deprotection of the sugar moiety gave eight derivatives of pyrazolo-fused deazapurine ribonucleosides, some of which were weakly fluorescent. Methyl, amino, and methylsulfanyl derivatives exerted submicromolar cytotoxic effects in vitro against a panel of cancer and leukemia cell lines as well as antiviral effects against hepatitis C virus in the replicon assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Fleuti
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Bártová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušt'ová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavliš
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hulpia F, Campagnaro GD, Alzahrani KJ, Alfayez IA, Ungogo MA, Mabille D, Maes L, de Koning HP, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S. Structure-Activity Relationship Exploration of 3'-Deoxy-7-deazapurine Nucleoside Analogues as Anti- Trypanosoma brucei Agents. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:2045-2056. [PMID: 32568511 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei parasites. These protists are unable to produce the purine ring, making them vulnerable to the effects of purine nucleoside analogues. Starting from 3'-deoxytubercidin (5), a lead compound with activity against central-nervous-stage human African trypanosomiasis, we investigate the structure-activity relationships of the purine and ribofuranose rings. The purine ring tolerated only modifications at C7, while from the many alterations of the 3'-deoxyribofuranosyl moiety only the arabino analogue 48 showed pronounced antitrypanosomal activity. Profiling of the most potent analogues against resistant T. brucei strains (resistant to pentamidine, diminazene, and isometamidium) showed reduced dependence on uptake mediated by the P2 aminopurine transporter relative to 5. The introduction of a 7-substituent confers up to 10-fold increased affinity for the P1 nucleoside transporter while generally retaining high affinity for P2. Four of the most promising analogues were found to be metabolically stable, earmarking them as suitable backup analogues for lead 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Gustavo D. Campagnaro
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21974, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A. Alfayez
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Marzuq A. Ungogo
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ahmadu Bello University, 810211 Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Harry P. de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ouyang W, Huang H, Yang R, Ding H, Xiao Q. First Total Synthesis of 5'- O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl Tubercidin. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E398. [PMID: 32751067 PMCID: PMC7459636 DOI: 10.3390/md18080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of 5'-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl tubercidin was successfully developed. It is a structurally unique disaccharide 7-deazapurine nucleoside exhibiting fungicidal activity, and was isolated from blue-green algae. The total synthesis was accomplished in eight steps with 27% overall yield from commercially available 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-ribose. The key step involves stereoselective α-O-glycosylation of the corresponding 7-bromo-6-chloro-2',3'-O-isopropylidene-β-d-tubercidin with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate. All spectra are in accordance with the reported data for natural 5'-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl tubercidin. Meanwhile, 5'-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl tubercidin was also prepared using the same strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (W.O.); (R.Y.); (H.D.)
| | | | | | - Qiang Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (W.O.); (R.Y.); (H.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang C, Pohl R, Tichý M, Gurská S, Pavliš P, Džubák P, Hajdúch M, Hocek M. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Biological Profiling of Benzothieno-Fused 7-Deazapurine Ribonucleosides. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8085-8101. [PMID: 32432875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two isomeric series of benzothieno-fused 7-deazapurine (benzo[4',5']thieno[3',2':4,5]- and benzo[4',5']thieno[2',3':4,5]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine) ribonucleosides were designed and synthesized. Key steps of the synthesis included the Negishi coupling of zincated dichloropyrimidine with 2- or 3-iodobenzothiophene followed by azidation, thermal or photochemical cyclization, glycosylation, and final functionalization at position 6 through cross-couplings or nucleophilic substitutions. Deprotection gave the final nucleosides, some of which showed moderate cytotoxic and antiviral activity. Most of the free nucleosides showed moderate to strong fluorescence with emission maxima of 362-554 nm. 2'-Deoxyribonucleoside and its 5'-O-triphosphate were also prepared from benzothieno-fused 7-deazaadenine derivative, and the triphosphate was a good substrate for KOD XL DNA polymerase in primer extension synthesis of modified DNA which exerted a weak fluorescence which was slightly enhanced in double-stranded DNA as compared to single-stranded oligonucleotides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tichý
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Soňa Gurská
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pavliš
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Džubák
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacky University and University Hospital in Olomouc, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Hněvotínská 5, CZ-77515 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hocek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, CZ-12843 Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Campagnaro GD, de Koning HP. Purine and pyrimidine transporters of pathogenic protozoa - conduits for therapeutic agents. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1679-1714. [PMID: 32144812 DOI: 10.1002/med.21667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purines and pyrimidines are essential nutrients for any cell. Most organisms are able to synthesize their own purines and pyrimidines, but this ability was lost in protozoans that adapted to parasitism, leading to a great diversification in transporter activities in these organisms, especially for the acquisition of amino acids and nucleosides from their hosts throughout their life cycles. Many of these transporters have been shown to have sufficiently different substrate affinities from mammalian transporters, making them good carriers for therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize the knowledge obtained on purine and pyrimidine activities identified in protozoan parasites to date and discuss their importance for the survival of these parasites and as drug carriers, as well as the perspectives of developments in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo D Campagnaro
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hulpia F, Bouton J, Campagnaro GD, Alfayez IA, Mabille D, Maes L, de Koning HP, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S. C6-O-alkylated 7-deazainosine nucleoside analogues: Discovery of potent and selective anti-sleeping sickness agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 188:112018. [PMID: 31931339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.112018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis, a deadly infectious disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei spp., is spread to new hosts by bites of infected tsetse flies. Currently approved therapies all have their specific drawbacks, prompting a search for novel therapeutic agents. T. brucei lacks the enzymes necessary to forge the purine ring from amino acid precursors, rendering them dependent on the uptake and interconversion of host purines. This dependency renders analogues of purines and corresponding nucleosides an interesting source of potential anti-T. brucei agents. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated a series of 7-substituted 7-deazainosine derivatives and found that 6-O-alkylated analogues in particular showed highly promising in vitro activity with EC50 values in the mid-nanomolar range. SAR investigation of the O-alkyl chain showed that antitrypanosomal activity increased, and also cytotoxicity, with alkyl chain length, at least in the linear alkyl chain series. However, this could be attenuated by introducing a terminal branch point, resulting in the highly potent and selective analogues, 36, 37 and 38. No resistance related to transporter-mediated uptake could be identified, earmarking several of these analogues for further in vivo follow-up studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jakob Bouton
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gustavo D Campagnaro
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ibrahim A Alfayez
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Harry P de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Hulpia F, Mabille D, Campagnaro GD, Schumann G, Maes L, Roditi I, Hofer A, de Koning HP, Caljon G, Van Calenbergh S. Combining tubercidin and cordycepin scaffolds results in highly active candidates to treat late-stage sleeping sickness. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5564. [PMID: 31804484 PMCID: PMC6895180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
African trypanosomiasis is a disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei parasites with limited treatment options. Trypanosoma is unable to synthesize purines de novo and relies solely on their uptake and interconversion from the host, constituting purine nucleoside analogues a potential source of antitrypanosomal agents. Here we combine structural elements from known trypanocidal nucleoside analogues to develop a series of 3’-deoxy-7-deazaadenosine nucleosides, and investigate their effects against African trypanosomes. 3’-Deoxytubercidin is a highly potent trypanocide in vitro and displays curative activity in animal models of acute and CNS-stage disease, even at low doses and oral administration. Whole-genome RNAi screening reveals that the P2 nucleoside transporter and adenosine kinase are involved in the uptake and activation, respectively, of this analogue. This is confirmed by P1 and P2 transporter assays and nucleotide pool analysis. 3’-Deoxytubercidin is a promising lead to treat late-stage sleeping sickness. Trypanosoma brucei relies on uptake and conversion of purines from the host, which constitutes a potential drug target. Here, Hulpia et al. combine structural elements from known trypanocidal nucleoside analogues and develop a potent trypanocide with curative activity in animal models of acute and late stage sleeping sickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Dorien Mabille
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gustavo D Campagnaro
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gabriela Schumann
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Isabel Roditi
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 4, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hofer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Harry P de Koning
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000, Gent, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Osada H. Discovery and applications of nucleoside antibiotics beyond polyoxin. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:855-864. [PMID: 31554959 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside antibiotics possess various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and herbicidal activities. RIKEN scientists contributed to this area of research with two representative antifungal nucleoside antibiotics, blasticidin S and polyoxin. Blasticidin S was the first antibiotic exploited in agriculture worldwide. Meanwhile, the polyoxins discovered by Isono and Suzuki are still used globally as an agricultural antibiotic. In this review article, the research on nucleoside antibiotics mainly done by Isono and his collaborators is summarized from the discovery of polyoxin to subsequent investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lin C, Hulpia F, da Silva CF, Batista DDGJ, Van Hecke K, Maes L, Caljon G, Soeiro MDNC, Van Calenbergh S. Discovery of Pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine (1,7-Dideazapurine) Nucleoside Analogues as Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi Agents. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8847-8865. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cai Lin
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Cristiane França da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denise da Gama Jaen Batista
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- XStruct, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S3, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1 (S7), B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Maria de Nazaré C. Soeiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (Campus Heymans), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Bandaru SSM, Bhilare S, Cardozo J, Chrysochos N, Schulzke C, Sanghvi YS, Gunturu KC, Kapdi AR. Pd/PTABS: Low-Temperature Thioetherification of Chloro(hetero)arenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8921-8940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shatrughn Bhilare
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Jesvita Cardozo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald D-17487, Germany
| | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für Biochemie, Universität Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4, Greifswald D-17487, Germany
| | - Yogesh S. Sanghvi
- Rasayan Inc., 2802 Crystal Ridge Road, Encinitas, California 92024-6615, United States
| | | | - Anant R. Kapdi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Indian Oil Odisha Campus, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Mouza
Samantpuri, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751013, India
| |
Collapse
|