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Xu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang M, Chen L, Tian K, Li X. Tubercidin inhibits PRRSV replication via RIG-I/NF-κB pathways and interrupting viral nsp2 synthesis. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0347923. [PMID: 38299833 PMCID: PMC10913529 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03479-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an RNA virus with constantly emerging recombinant and mutant strains. Because of the high genetic diversity of PRRSV, current vaccines only provide partial protection against the infection of heterologous strains, which makes it a challenge for PRRSV prevention and control. Tubercidin is a naturally extracted compound with potential antiviral properties. However, whether tubercidin has anti-PRRSV ability is unknown. Our study found that tubercidin showed effective antiviral effects on PRRSV replication. In terms of mechanism, tubercidin suppressed PRRSV at the entry, replication, and release steps of the viral life cycle. Additionally, we demonstrated that tubercidin treatment promoted the activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell signaling pathway, thus increasing the type I interferon and inflammatory cytokine expression. Furthermore, tubercidin restrained the viral non-structural protein 2 expression and viral dsRNA synthesis and ultimately inhibited PRRSV replication. Hence, our data showed that tubercidin is promising and has potential antiviral ability against PRRSV replication in vitro. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important swine diseases, which causes huge economic loss worldwide. However, there is no effective therapeutic method for PRRS prevention and control. Here, we found that tubercidin, a naturally extracted adenosine analog, exhibited strong anti-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) activity. Mechanically, tubercidin inhibited viral binding, replication, and release. Tubercidin suppressed PRRSV non-structural protein 2 expression, which is important for the formation of replication and transcription complex, leading to the block of viral RNA synthesis and PRRSV replication. Moreover, tubercidin could activate retinoic acid-inducible gene I/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell innate immune signaling pathway and increased the expression of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, which was the other way to inhibit PRRSV replication. Our work evaluated the potential value of tubercidin as an antiviral agent on PRRSV replication and provided a new way to prevent PRRSV replication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenbang Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Rabaan AA, AlShehail BM, Halwani MA, Alshengeti A, Najim MA, Garout M, Bajunaid HA, Alshamrani SA, Al Fares MA, Alissa M, Alwashmi ASS. Investigation of Zika virus methyl transferase inhibitors using steered molecular dynamics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:1711-1724. [PMID: 37325855 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2224882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) spread is considered a major public health threat by the World Health Organization (WHO). There are no vaccines or drugs available to control the infection of the Zika virus, therefore a highly effective medicinal molecule is urgently required. In this study, a computationally intensive investigation was performed to identify a potent natural compound that could inhibit the ZIKV NS5 methyltransferase. This research approach is based on target-based drug identification principles where the native inhibitor SAH (S-adenosylhomocysteine) of ZIKV NS5 methyltransferase was selected as a reference. High-throughput virtual screening and tanimoto similarity coefficient were applied to the natural compound library for ranking the potential candidates. The top five compounds were selected for interaction analysis, MD simulation, total binding free energy through MM/GBSA, and steered MD simulation. Among these compounds, Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate, Tubercidin, and 5-Iodotubercidin showed stable binding to the protein compared to the native compound, SAH. These three compounds also showed less fluctuations in RMSF in contrast to native compound. Additionally, the same interacting residues observed in SAH also made strong interactions with these three compounds. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate monohydrate and 5-Iodotubercidin had greater total binding free energies than the reference ligand. Moreover, the dissociation resistance of all three compounds was equivalent to that of the reference ligand. This study suggested binding properties of three-hit compounds that could be used to develop drugs against Zika virus infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Bashayer M AlShehail
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A Halwani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Alshengeti
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Prince Mohammad Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, National Guard Health Affairs, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa A Najim
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Garout
- Department of Community Medicine and Health Care for Pilgrims, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A Bajunaid
- Makkah Specialized Laboratory, Fakeeh Care group, Hadda, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona A Al Fares
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alissa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameen S S Alwashmi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Ren L, Chen L, Nie L, Shavandi A, Yunusov KE, Aharodnikau UE, Solomevich SO, Jiang G. Red Blood Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Polydopamine and Bioactive Glass Composite Nanoformulation for Combined Chemo/Chemodynamic/Photothermal Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:442-454. [PMID: 38047725 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of different therapeutic strategies, including chemotherapy (CT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT), are needed to effectively address evolving drug resistance and the adverse effects of traditional cancer treatment. Herein, a camouflage composite nanoformulation (TCBG@PR), an antitumor agent (tubercidin, Tub) loaded into Cu-doped bioactive glasses (CBGs) and subsequently camouflaged by polydopamine (PDA), and red blood cell membranes (RBCm), was successfully constructed for targeted and synergetic antitumor therapies by combining CT of Tub, CDT of doped copper ions, and PTT of PDA. In addition, the TCBG@PRs composite nanoformulation was camouflaged with a red blood cell membrane (RBCm) to improve biocompatibility, longer blood retention times, and excellent cellular uptake properties. It integrated with long circulation and multimodal synergistic treatment (CT, CDT, and PTT) with the benefit of RBCms to avoid immune clearance for efficient targeted delivery to tumor locations, producing an "all-in-one" nanoplatform. In vivo results showed that the TCBG@PRs composite nanoformulation prolonged blood circulation and improved tumor accumulation. The combination of CT, CDT, and PTT therapies enhanced the antitumor therapeutic activity, and light-triggered drug release reduced systematic toxicity and increased synergistic antitumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanfang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Luping Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lianxu Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lei Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Amin Shavandi
- École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 3BIO10 BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| | - Khaydar E Yunusov
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent 100128, Uzbekistan
| | - Uladzislau E Aharodnikau
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Sergey O Solomevich
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk 220030, Belarus
| | - Guohua Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Biomaterials and Functional Fibers, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Sun Q, Liao X, Yan J, Jiang G, Huo F, Wang G, Li H. In vitro activity of tubercidin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and nontuberculosis Mycobacteria. J Med Microbiol 2023; 72. [PMID: 37910006 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubercidin is an adenosine analogue that has been shown to exhibit good activity against some tumours and parasites. In this study, the in vitro activity of tubercidin was evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and nontuberculosis Mycobacteria (NTM). For determining the MICs of tubercidin, 23 fully drug-sensitive (DS) Mtb strains, 33 multi-drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains, 29 pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (pre-XDR-TB) strains, 21 extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) strains, 17 rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and nine slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) references strains were tested by microplate-based Alamar Blue assay (MABA) method. The results indicate that tubercidin has high in vitro activity against some drug-resistance Mtb strains and NTM reference strains, which warrants further investigation on the actions of tubercidin and its derivatives as potential drugs for mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Sun
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinlei Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guanglu Jiang
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Fengmin Huo
- National Clinical Laboratory on Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guirong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Institute, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
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Natto MJ, Hulpia F, Kalkman ER, Baillie S, Alhejeli A, Miyamoto Y, Eckmann L, Van Calenbergh S, de Koning HP. Deazapurine Nucleoside Analogues for the Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1752-1764. [PMID: 33974405 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted disease in humans, but treatment options are limited. Here, we report a resorufin-based drug sensitivity assay for high-throughput microplate-based screening under hypoxic conditions. A 5203-compound enamine kinase library and several specialized compound series were tested for the inhibition of Trichomonas growth at 10 μM with Z' values of >0.5. Hits were rescreened in serial dilution to establish an IC50 concentration. A series of 7-substituted 7-deazaadenosine analogues emerged as highly potent anti-T. vaginalis agents, with EC50 values in the low double digit nanomolar range. These analogues exhibited excellent selectivity indices. Follow-up medicinal chemistry efforts identified an optimal ribofuranose and C7 substituent. Several nucleosides rapidly cleared cultures of T. vaginalis at a concentrations of just 2 × EC50. Preliminary in vivo evaluation in a murine trichomoniasis model (Tritrichomonas foetus) revealed promising activity upon topical administration, validating purine nucleoside analogues as a new class of antitrichomonal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal J. Natto
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Fabian Hulpia
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Campus Heymans (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Eric R. Kalkman
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Susan Baillie
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Amani Alhejeli
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | | | | | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Campus Heymans (FFW), Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Harry P. de Koning
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
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Ouyang W, Huang H, Yang R, Ding H, Xiao Q. First Total Synthesis of 5'- O-α-d-Glucopyranosyl Tubercidin. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E398. [PMID: 32751067 PMCID: PMC7459636 DOI: 10.3390/md18080398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The first total synthesis of 5'-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl tubercidin was successfully developed. It is a structurally unique disaccharide 7-deazapurine nucleoside exhibiting fungicidal activity, and was isolated from blue-green algae. The total synthesis was accomplished in eight steps with 27% overall yield from commercially available 1-O-acetyl-2,3,5-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-ribose. The key step involves stereoselective α-O-glycosylation of the corresponding 7-bromo-6-chloro-2',3'-O-isopropylidene-β-d-tubercidin with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-glucopyranosyl trichloroacetimidate. All spectra are in accordance with the reported data for natural 5'-O-α-d-glucopyranosyl tubercidin. Meanwhile, 5'-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl tubercidin was also prepared using the same strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (W.O.); (R.Y.); (H.D.)
| | | | | | - Qiang Xiao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (W.O.); (R.Y.); (H.D.)
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D’Errico S, Falanga AP, Capasso D, Di Gaetano S, Marzano M, Terracciano M, Roviello GN, Piccialli G, Oliviero G, Borbone N. Probing the DNA Reactivity and the Anticancer Properties of a Novel Tubercidin-Pt(II) Complex. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070627. [PMID: 32635488 PMCID: PMC7407906 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we reported on the synthesis of a novel Pt(II) neutral complex having as ligand the nucleoside tubercidin, a potent anti-tumor agent extracted from the bacterium Streptomyces Tubercidicus. In detail, the chelation of the metal by a diamine linker installed at C6 purine position of tubercidin assured the introduction of a cisplatin-like unit in the molecular scaffold. The behavior of the synthesized complex with a double-strand DNA model was monitored by CD spectroscopy and compared with that of cisplatin and tubercidin. In addition, the cell viability was evaluated against HeLa, A375 and WM266 human cancer cell lines using the MTT test. Lastly, the results of the apoptotic assay (FITC Annexin V) performed on the HeLa cancer cell line are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano D’Errico
- CESTEV, University of Naples Federico II, via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Andrea Patrizia Falanga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Domenica Capasso
- CESTEV, University of Naples Federico II, via Tommaso De Amicis, 95, 80145 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Sonia Di Gaetano
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.G.); (G.N.R.)
| | - Maria Marzano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.); (G.P.); (N.B.)
| | - Monica Terracciano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.); (G.P.); (N.B.)
| | - Giovanni Nicola Roviello
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (S.D.G.); (G.N.R.)
| | - Gennaro Piccialli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.); (G.P.); (N.B.)
- ISBE-IT—Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giorgia Oliviero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples Federico II, via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- ISBE-IT—Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-679896
| | - Nicola Borbone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (M.M.); (M.T.); (G.P.); (N.B.)
- ISBE-IT—Candidate National Node of Italy for ISBE, Research Infrastructure for Systems Biology Europe, University of Naples Federico II, via Domenico Montesano, 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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Shu S, Mahadeo DC, Liu X, Liu W, Parent CA, Korn ED. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is localized at the front of chemotaxing cells, suggesting a role for transmethylation during migration. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:19788-93. [PMID: 17172447 PMCID: PMC1750865 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0609385103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotaxis of bacteria requires regulated methylation of chemoreceptors. However, despite considerable effort in the 1980s, transmethylation has never been established as a component of eukaryotic cell chemotaxis. S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), the product formed when the methyl group of the universal donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is transferred to an acceptor molecule, is a potent inhibitor of all transmethylation reactions. In eukaryotic cells, this inhibition is relieved by hydrolysis of SAH to adenosine and homocysteine catalyzed by SAH hydrolase (SAHH). We now report that SAHH, which is diffuse in the cytoplasm of nonmotile Dictyostelium amoebae and human neutrophils, concentrates with F-actin in pseudopods at the front of motile, chemotaxing cells, but is not present in filopodia or at the very leading edge. Tubercidin, an inhibitor of SAHH, inhibits both chemotaxis and chemotaxis-dependent cell streaming of Dictyostelium, and chemotaxis of neutrophils at concentrations that have little effect on cell viability. Tubercidin does not inhibit starvation-induced expression of the cAMP receptor, cAR1, or G protein-mediated stimulation of adenylyl cyclase activity and actin polymerization in Dictyostelium. Tubercidin has no effect on either capping of Con A receptors or phagocytosis in Dictyostelium. These results add SAHH to the list of proteins that redistribute in response to chemotactic signals in Dictyostelium and neutrophils and strongly suggest a role for transmethylation in chemotaxis of eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shu
- *Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and
| | - Dana C. Mahadeo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Xiong Liu
- *Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and
| | - Wenli Liu
- *Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and
| | - Carole A. Parent
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Edward D. Korn
- *Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and
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