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Russo C, Russomanno P, D'Amore VM, Alfano AI, Santoro F, Guzelj S, Gobec M, Amato J, Pagano B, Marinelli L, Carotenuto A, Tron GC, Di Leva FS, Jakopin Ž, Brancaccio D, Giustiniano M. Discovery of 2,3-Diaminoindole Derivatives as a Novel Class of NOD Antagonists. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3004-3017. [PMID: 38301029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 are members of the pattern recognition receptors involved in the innate immune response. Overactivation of NOD1 is implicated in inflammatory disorders, multiple sclerosis, and cancer cell metastases. NOD1 antagonists would represent valuable pharmacological tools to gain further insight into protein roles, potentially leading to new therapeutic strategies. We herein report the expansion of the chemical space of NOD1 antagonists via a multicomponent synthetic approach affording a novel chemotype, namely, 2,3-diaminoindoles. These efforts resulted in compound 37, endowed with low micromolar affinity toward NOD1. Importantly, a proof-of-evidence of direct binding to NOD1 of Noditinib-1 and derivative 37 is provided here for the first time. Additionally, the combination of computational studies and NMR-based displacement assays enabled the characterization of the binding modality of 37 to NOD1, thus providing key unprecedented knowledge for the design of potent and selective NOD1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pasquale Russomanno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Maria D'Amore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonella Ilenia Alfano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Federica Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luciana Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Gian Cesare Tron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Francesco Saverio Di Leva
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Diego Brancaccio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Giustiniano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
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Guzelj S, Weiss M, Slütter B, Frkanec R, Jakopin Ž. Covalently Conjugated NOD2/TLR7 Agonists Are Potent and Versatile Immune Potentiators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15085-15101. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Weiss
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bram Slütter
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Novel Scaffolds for Modulation of NOD2 Identified by Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081054. [PMID: 36008948 PMCID: PMC9405794 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) is an innate immune pattern recognition receptor responsible for the recognition of bacterial peptidoglycan fragments. Given its central role in the formation of innate and adaptive immune responses, NOD2 represents a valuable target for modulation with agonists and antagonists. A major challenge in the discovery of novel small-molecule NOD2 modulators is the lack of a co-crystallized complex with a ligand, which has limited previous progress to ligand-based design approaches and high-throughput screening campaigns. To that end, a hybrid docking and pharmacophore modeling approach was used to identify key interactions between NOD2 ligands and residues in the putative ligand-binding site. Following docking of previously reported NOD2 ligands to a homology model of human NOD2, a structure-based pharmacophore model was created and used to virtually screen a library of commercially available compounds. Two compounds, 1 and 3, identified as hits by the pharmacophore model, exhibited NOD2 antagonist activity and are the first small-molecule NOD2 modulators identified by virtual screening to date. The newly identified NOD2 antagonist scaffolds represent valuable starting points for further optimization.
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Guzelj S, Bizjak Š, Jakopin Ž. Discovery of Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists with Single-Digit Nanomolar Potency. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1270-1277. [PMID: 35978688 PMCID: PMC9377006 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Bizjak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Guzelj S, Nabergoj S, Gobec M, Pajk S, Klančič V, Slütter B, Frkanec R, Štimac A, Šket P, Plavec J, Mlinarič-Raščan I, Jakopin Ž. Structural Fine-Tuning of Desmuramylpeptide NOD2 Agonists Defines Their In Vivo Adjuvant Activity. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7809-7838. [PMID: 34043358 PMCID: PMC8279416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
report on the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of
a series of nucleotide-binding oligomerization-domain-containing protein
2 (NOD2) desmuramylpeptide agonists with improved in vitro and in vivo adjuvant properties. We identified
two promising compounds: 68, a potent nanomolar in vitro NOD2 agonist, and the more lipophilic 75, which shows superior adjuvant activity in vivo. Both compounds had immunostimulatory effects on peripheral blood
mononuclear cells at the protein and transcriptional levels, and augmented
dendritic-cell-mediated activation of T cells, while 75 additionally enhanced the cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood
mononuclear cells against malignant cells. The C18 lipophilic
tail of 75 is identified as a pivotal structural element
that confers in vivo adjuvant activity in conjunction
with a liposomal delivery system. Accordingly, liposome-encapsulated 75 showed promising adjuvant activity in mice, surpassing
that of muramyl dipeptide, while achieving a more balanced Th1/Th2
immune response, thus highlighting its potential as a vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo Guzelj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Nabergoj
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martina Gobec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stane Pajk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Veronika Klančič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bram Slütter
- Div. BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ruža Frkanec
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Adela Štimac
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Primož Šket
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Žiga Jakopin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Wang Z, Li Y, Chen F, Qian PC, Cheng J. The intramolecular reaction of acetophenone N-tosylhydrazone and vinyl: Brønsted acid-promoted cationic cyclization toward polysubstituted indenes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:1810-1813. [PMID: 33480891 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07966a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of TsNHNH2, a Brønsted acid-promoted intramolecular cyclization of o-(1-arylvinyl) acetophenone derivatives was developed, leading to polysubstituted indenes with complexity and diversity in moderate to excellent yields. In sharp contrast with either the radical or carbene involved cyclization of aldehydic N-tosylhydrazone with vinyl, a cationic cyclization pathway was involved, where N-tosylhydrazone served as an electrophile and alkylation reagent during this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Wang
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China
| | - Fan Chen
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Peng-Cheng Qian
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Cheng
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials & Technology, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, P. R. China and Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology, College of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, P. R. China.
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Identification of benzofused five-membered sultams, potent dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112575. [PMID: 32731185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 play important roles in immune system activation. Recently, a shift has occurred due to the emerging knowledge that preventing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) signaling could facilitate the treatment of some cancers, which warrants the search for dual antagonists of NOD1 and NOD2. Herein, we undertook the synthesis and identification of a new class of derivatives of dual NOD1/NOD2 antagonists with novel benzofused five-membered sultams. Compound 14k was finally demonstrated to be the most potent molecule that inhibits both NOD1-and NOD2-stimulated NF-κB and MAPK signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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