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Zhao C, Wang C, Zhou Y, Hu T, Zhang Y, Lv X, Li J, Zhou Y. Discovery of Potential Anti-Microbial Molecules and Spectrum Correlation Effect of Ardisia crenata Sims via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Molecular Docking. Molecules 2024; 29:1178. [PMID: 38474690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Ardisia crenata Sims, an important ethnic medicine, is recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia for treating laryngeal diseases and upper respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of extracts and potential antimicrobial compounds of A. crenata Sims. It was found that the roots of A. crenata Sims have a potential inhibitory effect on Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus, with MICs of 1.56 mg/mL and 0.39 mg/mL, and the leaves of A. crenata Sims have a potential inhibitory effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, with MICs of 3.12 mg/mL and 6.77 mg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, five compounds including one catechin and four bergenins were obtained from roots. These components were identified on the fingerprint spectrum, representing chromatographic peaks 16, 21, 22, 23, and 25, respectively. Among these, 11-β-d-glucopyranosyl-bergenin and (-)-gallocatechin showed potential inhibition for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC of 0.26 and 0.33 mg/mL, respectively. The roots, stems, and leaves of A. crenata Sims are very similar in chemical composition, with large differences in content. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed that 16 batches of A. crenata Sims could be divided into four main production areas: Guizhou, Jiangsu, Guangxi, and Jiangxi. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that 11-β-d-glucopyranosyl-bergenin had a better affinity for Casein lytic proteinase P (ClpP), and (-)-gallocatechin possessed a strong affinity for LasA hydrolysis protease and LasB elastase. These findings suggest catechin and bergenins from A. crenata Sims can be used as antimicrobial activity molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changbin Wang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Lv
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
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Arunrungvichian K, Vajragupta O, Hayakawa Y, Pongrakhananon V. Targeting Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Lung Cancer: Insights, Challenges, and Therapeutic Strategies. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:28-41. [PMID: 38230275 PMCID: PMC10789132 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is an ion-gated calcium channel that plays a significant role in various aspects of cancer pathogenesis, particularly in lung cancer. Preclinical studies have elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying α7 nAChR-associated lung cancer proliferation, chemotherapy resistance, and metastasis. Understanding and targeting this mechanism are crucial for developing therapeutic interventions aimed at disrupting α7 nAChR-mediated cancer progression and improving treatment outcomes. Drug research and discovery have determined natural compounds and synthesized chemical antagonists that specifically target α7 nAChR. However, approved α7 nAChR antagonists for clinical use are lacking, primarily due to challenges related to achieving the desired selectivity, efficacy, and safety profiles required for effective therapeutic intervention. This comprehensive review provided insights into the molecular mechanisms associated with α7 nAChR and its role in cancer progression, particularly in lung cancer. Furthermore, it presents an update on recent evidence about α7 nAChR antagonists and addresses the challenges encountered in drug research and discovery in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntarat Arunrungvichian
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Unit
of Compounds Library for Drug Discovery, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Research
Affairs, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Institute
of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department
of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Preclinical
Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research
Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Giraudo A, Pallavicini M, Bolchi C. Small molecule ligands for α9* and α7 nicotinic receptors: a survey and an update, respectively. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106801. [PMID: 37236412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The α9- and α7-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate numerous physiological and pathological processes by complex mechanisms that are currently the subject of intensive study and debate. In this regard, selective ligands serve as invaluable investigative tools and, in many cases, potential therapeutics for the treatment of various CNS disfunctions and diseases, neuropathic pain, inflammation, and cancer. However, the present scenario differs significantly between the two aforementioned nicotinic subtypes. Over the past few decades, a large number of selective α7-nAChR ligands, including full, partial and silent agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators, have been described and reviewed. Conversely, reports on selective α9-containing nAChR ligands are relatively scarce, also due to a more recent characterization of this receptor subtype, and hardly any focusing on small molecules. In this review, we focus on the latter, providing a comprehensive overview, while providing only an update over the last five years for α7-nAChR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Giraudo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Pallavicini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bolchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, via Mangiagalli 25, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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Dorahy G, Chen JZ, Balle T. Computer-Aided Drug Design towards New Psychotropic and Neurological Drugs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031324. [PMID: 36770990 PMCID: PMC9921936 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders are a therapeutic area in drug discovery where demand for new treatments greatly exceeds approved treatment options. This is complicated by the high failure rate in late-stage clinical trials, resulting in exorbitant costs associated with bringing new CNS drugs to market. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) techniques minimise the time and cost burdens associated with drug research and development by ensuring an advantageous starting point for pre-clinical and clinical assessments. The key elements of CADD are divided into ligand-based and structure-based methods. Ligand-based methods encompass techniques including pharmacophore modelling and quantitative structure activity relationships (QSARs), which use the relationship between biological activity and chemical structure to ascertain suitable lead molecules. In contrast, structure-based methods use information about the binding site architecture from an established protein structure to select suitable molecules for further investigation. In recent years, deep learning techniques have been applied in drug design and present an exciting addition to CADD workflows. Despite the difficulties associated with CNS drug discovery, advances towards new pharmaceutical treatments continue to be made, and CADD has supported these findings. This review explores various CADD techniques and discusses applications in CNS drug discovery from 2018 to November 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Dorahy
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jake Zheng Chen
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Thomas Balle
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Inhibitors of HIV-1 and Cathepsin L Proteases Identified from the Insect Gall of Hypericum kouytchense. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121499. [PMID: 36558950 PMCID: PMC9784874 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypericum kouytchense Lévl is a semi-evergreen plant of the Hypericaceae family. Its roots and seeds have been used in a number of traditional remedies for antipyretic, detoxification, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral functions. However, to date, no bioactivity compounds have been characterized from the insect gall of H. kouytchens. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activities of different extracts from the insect gall of H. kouytchen against cathepsin L, HIV-1 and renin proteases and identified the active ingredients using UPLC-HRMS. Four different polar extracts (HW, H30, H60 and H85) of the H. kouytchense insect gall exhibited antiviral activities with IC50 values of 10.0, 4.0, 3.2 and 17.0 µg/mL against HIV-1 protease; 210.0, 34.0, 24.0 and 30.0 µg/mL against cathepsin L protease; and 180.0, 65.0, 44.0 and 39.0 µg/mL against human renin, respectively. Ten compounds were identified and quantified in the H. kouytchense insect gall extracts. Epicatechin, eriodictyol and naringenin chalcone were major ingredients in the extracts with contents ranging from 3.9 to 479.2 µg/mg. For HIV-1 protease, seven compounds showed more than 65% inhibition at a concentration of 1000.0 µg/mL, especially for hypericin and naringenin chalcone with IC50 values of 1.8 and 33.0 µg/mL, respectively. However, only hypericin was active against cathepsin L protease with an IC50 value of 17100.0 µg/mL, and its contents were from 0.99 to 11.65 µg/mg. Furthermore, we attempted to pinpoint the interactions between the active compounds and the proteases using molecular docking analysis. Our current results imply that the extracts and active ingredients could be further formulated and/or developed for potential prevention and treatment of HIV or SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Pan B, Li S, Xiao J, Yang X, Xie S, Zhou Y, Yang J, Wei Y. Dual Inhibition of HIV-1 and Cathepsin L Proteases by Sarcandra glabra. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175552. [PMID: 36080318 PMCID: PMC9457736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impose a huge threat on human health due to rapid viral mutations. Thus, it is imperative to develop more potent antivirals with both prophylactic and treatment functions. In this study, we screened for potential antiviral compounds from Sarcandra glabra (SG) against Cathepsin L and HIV-1 proteases. A FRET assay was applied to investigate the inhibitory effects and UPLC-HRMS was employed to identify and quantify the bioactive components. Furthermore, molecular docking was carried out to get a glimpse of the binding of active compounds to the proteases. Our results showed that the SG extracts (SGW, SG30, SG60, and SG85) inhibited HIV-1 protease with an IC50 of 0.003~0.07 mg/mL and Cathepsin L protease with an IC50 of 0.11~0.26 mg/mL. Fourteen compounds were identified along with eight quantified from the SG extracts. Chlorogenic acid, which presented in high content in the extracts (12.7~15.76 µg/mg), possessed the most potent inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease (IC50 = 0.026 mg/mL) and Cathepsin L protease (inhibition: 40.8% at 0.01 mg/mL). Thus, SG extracts and the active ingredients could potentially be used to prevent/treat viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2, due to their dual-inhibition functions against viral proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Junwei Xiao
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shouxia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-0851-88233090 (Y.Z.)
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-0851-88233090 (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.Y.); (Y.W.); Tel.: +86-0851-88233090 (Y.Z.)
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Asha RN, Sankarganesh M, Bhuvanesh N, Nayagam BRD. Synthesis, structural, spectral, antidiabetic, DNA interactions and molecular docking investigations of a piperidine derivative. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
The α7-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is one of the most unique and interesting of all the members of the cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels. Since it was first identified initially as a binding site for α-bungarotoxin in mammalian brain and later as a functional homomeric receptor with relatively high calcium permeability, it has been pursued as a potential therapeutic target for numerous indications, from Alzheimer disease to asthma. In this review, we discuss the history and state of the art for targeting α7 receptors, beginning with subtype-selective agonists and the basic pharmacophore for the selective activation of α7 receptors. A key feature of α7 receptors is their rapid desensitization by standard "orthosteric" agonist, and we discuss insights into the conformational landscape of α7 receptors that has been gained by the development of ligands binding to allosteric sites. Some of these sites are targeted by positive allosteric modulators that have a wide range of effects on the activation profile of the receptors. Other sites are targeted by direct allosteric agonist or antagonists. We include a perspective on the potential importance of α7 receptors for metabotropic as well as ionotropic signaling. We outline the challenges that exist for future development of drugs to target this important receptor and approaches that may be considered to address those challenges. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The α7-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is acknowledged as a potentially important therapeutic target with functional properties associated with both ionotropic and metabotropic signaling. The functional properties of α7 nAChR can be regulated in diverse ways with the variety of orthosteric and allosteric ligands described in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Papke
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.L.P) and Chemistry (N.A.H.), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nicole A Horenstein
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (R.L.P) and Chemistry (N.A.H.), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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