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Marshall CM, Federice JG, Bell CN, Cox PB, Njardarson JT. An Update on the Nitrogen Heterocycle Compositions and Properties of U.S. FDA-Approved Pharmaceuticals (2013-2023). J Med Chem 2024; 67:11622-11655. [PMID: 38995264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This Perspective is a continuation of our analysis of U.S. FDA-approved small-molecule drugs (1938-2012) containing nitrogen heterocycles. In this study we report drug structure and property analyses of 321 unique new small-molecule drugs approved from January 2013 to December 2023 as well as information about frequency of important heteroatoms such as sulfur and fluorine and key small nitrogen substituents (CN and NO2). The most notable change is an incredible increase in drugs containing at least one nitrogen heterocycle─82%, compared to 59% from preceding decades─as well as a significant increase in the number of nitrogen heterocycles per drug. Pyridine has claimed the #1 high-frequency nitrogen heterocycle occurrence spot from piperidine (#2), with pyrimidine (#5), pyrazole (#6), and morpholine (#9) being the big top 10 climbers. Also notable is high number of fused nitrogen heterocycles, apparently driven largely by newly approved cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - John G Federice
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Chloe N Bell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philip B Cox
- Discovery Research, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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2
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de Abreu RMF, Brockmann T, Villinger A, Ehlers P, Langer P. Synthesis and properties of 6-alkynyl-5-aryluracils. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:898-911. [PMID: 38711590 PMCID: PMC11070962 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of a new and straightforward chemoselective method for the synthesis of uracil-based structures by combining Suzuki-Miyaura and Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling is reported. The methodology was applied to synthesize a series of novel compounds. The tolerance of the combination of different functional groups was tested. The influence of different functional groups on the physical properties was studied by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy, providing new insights into the potential applications of uracil-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Till Brockmann
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Universität Rostock, Institut für Chemie, A.-Einstein-Str.3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Str.29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Cyniak JS, Kasprzak A. Grind, shine and detect: mechanochemical synthesis of AIE-active polyaromatic amide and its application as molecular receptor of monovalent anions or nucleotides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:13227-13236. [PMID: 38655472 PMCID: PMC11037028 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02129k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A mechanochemical synthesis of novel polyaromatic amide consisting of 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and 1,1',2,2'-tetraphenylethylene skeletons has been established. The designed mechanochemical approach using readily available and low-cost equipment allowed a twofold increase in reaction yield, a 350-fold reduction in reaction time and a significant reduction in the use of harmful reactants in comparison to the solution synthesis method. The parameters of Green Chemistry were used to highlight the advantages of the developed synthesis method over the solution-based approach. The title compound was found to exhibit attractive optical properties related to the Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) behaviour. Taking the advantage of AIE-active properties of the synthesized polyaromatic amide, its application as effective and versatile molecular receptor towards detection of monovalent anions, as well as bio-relevant anions - nucleotides, has been demonstrated. The values of the binding constants were at the satisfactory level of 104, the detection limit values were low and ranged from 0.2 μM to 19.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub S Cyniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego Str. 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology Noakowskiego Str. 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
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Wu Y, Zhang H, Zhu J, Zhang Z, Ma S, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Yuan J, Guo X, Li Y, Zhang S. The Effect of Fermentation on the Chemical Constituents of Gastrodia Tuber Hallimasch Powder (GTHP) Estimated by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC. Molecules 2024; 29:1663. [PMID: 38611942 PMCID: PMC11013358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of fermentation on the chemical constituents of Gastrodia Tuder Halimasch Powder (GTHP), to establish its fingerprinting and multicomponent content determination, and to provide a basis for the processing, handling, and clinical application of this herb. METHODS Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was used to conduct a preliminary analysis of the chemical constituents in GTHP before and after fermentation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine some major differential components of GTHP and establish fingerprints. Cluster analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were employed for comprehensive evaluation. RESULTS Seventy-nine compounds were identified, including flavonoids, organic acids, nucleosides, terpenoids, and others. The CA and PCA results showed that ten samples were divided into three groups. Through standard control and HPLC analysis, 10 compounds were identified from 22 peaks, namely uracil, guanosine, adenosine, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), daidzin, genistin, glycitein, daidzein, genistein, and ergosterol. After fermentation, GTHP exhibited significantly higher contents of uracil, guanosine, adenosine, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and ergosterol and significantly lower genistein and daidzein contents. CONCLUSIONS The UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS and HPLC methods can effectively identify a variety of chemical components before and after the fermentation of GTHP. This study provides a valuable reference for further research on the rational clinical application and quality control improvement of GTHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jianguang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhenling Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Research and Development on the Whole Industry Chain of Yu-Yao, Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine Production, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Characteristic Processing Technology, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Songbo Ma
- Luoyang Wokang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Luoyang 471521, China
| | - Yongqi Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yiming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xing Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yajing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
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Lalhmangaihzuala S, Vanlaldinpuia K, Khiangte V, Laldinpuii Z, Liana T, Lalhriatpuia C, Pachuau Z. Therapeutic applications of carbohydrate-based compounds: a sweet solution for medical advancement. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10810-2. [PMID: 38554170 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10810-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, one of the most abundant biomolecules found in nature, have been seen traditionally as a dietary component of foods. Recent findings, however, have unveiled their medicinal potential in the form of carbohydrates-derived drugs. Their remarkable structural diversity, high optical purity, bioavailability, low toxicity and the presence of multiple functional groups have positioned them as a valuable scaffold and an exciting frontier in contemporary therapeutics. At present, more than 170 carbohydrates-based therapeutics have been granted approval by varying regulatory agencies such as United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Japan Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA), Chinese National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). This article explores an overview of the fascinating potential and impact of carbohydrate-derived compounds as pharmacological agents and drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Lalhmangaihzuala
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Khiangte Vanlaldinpuia
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India.
| | - Vanlalngaihawma Khiangte
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Zathang Laldinpuii
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
| | - Thanhming Liana
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Chhakchhuak Lalhriatpuia
- Department of Chemistry, Pachhunga University College, Mizoram University, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Zodinpuia Pachuau
- Department of Chemistry, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796004, India
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6
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Wang C, Peng QY, Wu Y, He YL, Zheng XH, Wang HB, Xin JM, He Q, Xie J, Tang L. Iodine-catalyzed regioselective direct sulfenylation of uracil with sulfonyl hydrazide as sulfur source under solvent free conditions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:4587-4590. [PMID: 38318618 PMCID: PMC10840085 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A facile method was developed for the selective thioetherification of uracils using sulfonyl hydrazide as the thioetherification reagent. This method offers advantages such as avoiding the use of additives and expensive metal catalysts, and providing good to excellent yields of various uracil thioethers. Experimental studies have demonstrated that the reaction follows a free radical pathway. Notably, the reaction can be carried out without solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formulation (R&D) Department Guiyang 550001 China
| | - Qi-Yun Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
| | - Yan-Ling He
- Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 China
| | - Xiao-He Zheng
- Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Taizhou Zhejiang 318000 China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Zhejiang Hongyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Linhai Zhejiang 317016 China
| | - Jia-Min Xin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Formulation (R&D) Department Guiyang 550001 China
| | - Qing He
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
| | - Lei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University Guiyang China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medcial University Guiyang China
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7
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Poslu AH, Aslan ŞE, Koz G, Senturk E, Koz Ö, Senturk M, Nalbantsoy A, Öztekin A, Ekinci D. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel salicylidene uracils: Cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines and inhibitory action on enzymatic activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024; 357:e2300374. [PMID: 37902389 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of salicylidene uracil (1-18) derived from 5-aminouracil and substituted salicylaldehydes were analyzed for cytotoxic activity and enzyme inhibitory potency. Nine out of eighteen derivatives (6-8, 10, 12-15, 18) are novel molecules synthesized for the first time in this work, and other derivatives were previously synthesized by our group. The compounds were characterized by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. All compounds were tested for their in vitro cytotoxicity against PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma), A549 (human alveolar adenocarcinoma), and SHSY-5Y (human neuroblastoma) cancer cell lines and the nontumorigenic HEK293 (human embryonic kidney cells) cell line. The 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde derived compound (8) was toxic to PC-3 human prostate adenocarcinoma cells, showing a promising IC50 value at 7.05 ± 0.76 μM. The present study also aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the compounds against several key enzymes, namely carbonic anhydrase I and II (CA I and CA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and glutathione reductase (GR), which are implicated in various global disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, cancer, malaria, diabetes, and glaucoma. The inhibitory profiles of the tested compounds were assessed by determining their Ki values, which ranged from 2.96 to 9.24 nM for AChE, 3.78 to 12.57 nM for BChE, 8.42 to 25.74 nM for CA I, 7.24 to 19.74 nM for CA II, and 0.541 to 1.124 μM for GR. Molecular docking studies were also performed for all compounds. Most derivatives exhibited much more effective inhibitory action compared with clinically used standards. Thus, our findings indicate that the salicylidene derivatives presented in this study are promising drug candidates that need further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Halıç Poslu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Şafak Esra Aslan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
- Technology Transfer Office, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Gamze Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Esra Senturk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ömer Koz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Murat Senturk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Aykut Öztekin
- Health Services of Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ekinci
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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8
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Singh AK, Kumar A, Arora S, Kumar R, Verma A, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Kumar P. Current insights and molecular docking studies of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 103:e14372. [PMID: 37817296 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a lethal disease that is prevalent worldwide. According to the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) data, 38.4 million people worldwide were living with HIV in 2021. Viral reverse transcriptase (RT) is an excellent target for drug intervention. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) were the first class of approved antiretroviral drugs. Later, a new type of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were approved as anti-HIV drugs. Zidovudine, didanosine, and stavudine are FDA-approved NRTIs, while nevirapine, efavirenz, and delavirdine are FDA-approved NNRTIs. Several agents are in clinical trials, including apricitabine, racivir, elvucitabine, doravirine, dapivirine, and elsulfavirine. This review addresses HIV-1 structure, replication cycle, reverse transcription, and HIV drug targets. This study focuses on NRTIs and NNRTIs, their binding sites, mechanisms of action, FDA-approved drugs and drugs in clinical trials, their resistance and adverse effects, their molecular docking studies, and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sahil Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Amita Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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Backer N, Kumar A, Singh AK, Singh H, Narasimhan B, Kumar P. Medicinal chemistry aspects of uracil containing dUTPase inhibitors targeting colorectal cancer. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103853. [PMID: 38070703 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyuridine-5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase), a vital enzyme in pyrimidine metabolism, is a prime target for treating colorectal cancer. Uracil shares structural traits with DNA/RNA bases, prompting exploration by medicinal chemists for pharmacological modifications. Some existing drugs, including thymidylate synthase (TS) and dUTPase inhibitors, incorporate uracil moieties. These derivatives hinder crucial cell proliferation pathways encompassing TS, dUTPases, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, and uracil-DNA glycosylase. This review compiles uracil derivatives that have served as dUTPase inhibitors across various organisms, forming a library for targeting human dUTPase. Insights into their structural requisites for human applications and comparative analyses of binding pockets are provided for analyzing the compounds against human dUTPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeel Backer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Ankit Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India.
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10
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Liu W, Chen L, Miao K, You Y, Li J, Lu J, Zhang Y. Identification and validation of diagnostic biomarkers for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy based on untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses of urine metabolite profiles. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2023; 23:828. [PMID: 38036952 PMCID: PMC10691115 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a prevalent pregnancy-specific complication that presents with maternal itching and elevated serum bile acid levels. ICP is associated with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, severely decreasing the pregnant woman's quality of life. Timely identification of ICP is crucial for effective management and improved outcomes. METHODS We collected urine samples from 8 patients with ICP and 8 healthy individuals. We used Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) to detect metabolite expression levels, then conducted a series of bioinformatic analyses to explore the potential biological meanings of differentially expressed metabolites, and preliminarily discovered several candidate biomarkers. To validate these candidate biomarkers, we performed Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) detection and analyzed their diagnostic values using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS Untargeted metabolomics data showed that 6129 positive peaks and 6218 negative peaks were extracted from each specimen. OPLS-DA analysis and the heat map for cluster analysis showed satisfactory capability in discriminating ICP specimens from controls. Subsequent analysis extracted 64 significantly differentially expressed metabolites, which could be potential biomarkers for diagnosis of ICP. Based on the KEGG enrichment analyses, six candidate biomarkers were preliminarily identified. Two most promising biomarkers (3-hydroxypropionic acid and uracil) were validated by targeted metabolomics analyses with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0.920 and 0.850 respectively. CONCLUSION Based on preliminary screening from untargeted metabolomics and subsequent validation through targeted metabolomics, 3-hydroxypropionic acid and uracil were identified as promising diagnostic biomarkers for ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weici Liu
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
- The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Lingyan Chen
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Keyan Miao
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yilan You
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China
| | - Jianfeng Lu
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China.
- Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214023, China.
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11
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Lone MN, Gul S, Mehraj U, Sofi S, Dar AH, Ganie SA, Wani NA, Mir MA, Zargar MA. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Uracil Derivatives as Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitors. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6212-6231. [PMID: 36849711 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is driven by nucleic acid metabolism, and thymidylate synthase (TYMS) catalyzes a rate-limiting step in nucleotide synthesis. As a result, thymidylate synthase has emerged as a critical target in chemotherapy. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is currently being used to treat a wide range of cancers, including breast, pancreatic, head and neck, colorectal, ovarian, and gastric cancers The objective of this study was to establish a new methodology for the low-cost, one-pot synthesis of uracil derivatives (UD-1 to UD-5) and to evaluate their therapeutic potential in BC cells. One-pot organic synthesis processes using a single solvent were used for the synthesis of drug analogues of Uracil. Integrated bioinformatics using GEPIA2, UALCAN, and KM plotter were utilized to study the expression pattern and prognostic significance of TYMS, the key target gene of 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer patients. Cell viability, cell proliferation, and colony formation assays were used as in vitro methods to validate the in silico lead obtained. BC patients showed high levels of thymidylate synthase, and high expression of thymidylate synthase was found associated with poor prognosis. In silico studies indicated that synthesized uracil derivatives have a high affinity for thymidylate synthase. Notably, the uracil derivatives dramatically inhibited the proliferation and colonization potential of BC cells in vitro. In conclusion, our study identified novel uracil derivatives as promising therapeutic options for breast cancer patients expressing the augmented levels of thymidylate synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nadeem Lone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical & Chemical Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Shazia Gul
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Umar Mehraj
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Shazia Sofi
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Abid Hamid Dar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India
| | - Shabir Ahmad Ganie
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Nissar Ahmad Wani
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India.
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India.
| | - Mohammed A Zargar
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India.
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12
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Li Y, Zhang M, Zhang Z. Mechanisms and Stereoselectivities in the NHC-Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation of 2-Bromoenal and 6-Methyluracil-5-carbaldehyde. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12997-13008. [PMID: 37642149 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
To disclose the reaction mechanism and selectivity in the NHC-catalyzed reaction of 2-bromoenal and 6-methyluracil-5-carbaldehyde, a systematic computational study has been performed. According to DFT computations, the catalytic cycle is divided into eight elementary steps: nucleophilic attack of the NHC on 2-bromoenal, 1,2-proton transfer, C-Br bond dissociation, 1,3-proton transfer, addition to 6-methyluracil-5-carbaldehyde, [2 + 2] cycloaddition, NHC dissociation, and decarboxylation. The Bronsted acid DABCO·H+ plays a crucial role in proton transfer and decarboxylation steps. The addition to 6-methyluracil-5-carbaldehyde determines both chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity, leading to R-configured carbocycle-fused uracil, in agreement with experimental results. NCI analysis indicates that the CH···N, CH···π, and LP···π interactions should be the key factor for determining the stereoselectivity. ELF analysis shows the main role of the NHC in promoting C-Br bond dissociation. The mechanistic insights obtained in the present work may guide the rational design of potential NHC catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
| | - Mingchao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
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13
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El Baraka Y, Hamdoun G, El Brahmi N, El Kazzouli S. Unlocking the Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for C-H Activation and Cross-Coupling Reactions: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:4651. [PMID: 37375204 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Green chemistry principles have underpinned the development of deep eutectic solvents (DESs). In this brief overview, we discuss the potential of DESs as a greener alternative to volatile organic solvents for cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions in organic chemistry. DESs offer numerous benefits, such as easy preparation, low toxicity, high biodegradability, and the potential to replace volatile organic compounds. The ability of DESs to recover the catalyst-solvent system enhances their sustainability. This review highlights recent advances and challenges in utilizing DESs as a reaction media, as well as the impact of physicochemical properties on the reaction process. Several types of reactions are studied to highlight their effectiveness at promoting C-C bond formation. Aside from demonstrating the success of DESs in this context, this review also discusses the limitations and future prospects of DESs in organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine El Baraka
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Ghanem Hamdoun
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology, Euromed University of Fes (UEMF), Meknes Road, Fez 30000, Morocco
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14
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Tang D, Quan C, Huang S, Wei F. Integrating LC-MS and HS-GC-MS for the metabolite characterization of the Chinese medicinal plant Platostoma palustre under different processing methods. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1181942. [PMID: 37275652 PMCID: PMC10235517 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1181942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Platostoma palustre (or Mesona chinensis Benth) is an important medicinal and edible plant in China and Southeast Asian countries. To study the effects of different processing methods on the quality, nutrition, and flavor of P. palustre, we adopted the LC-MS and HS-GC-MS to compare the influences of tedding (S), sweating (M), and drying (H) on the metabolites and volatile substances of P. palustre. Biochemical determinations revealed that the M treatment could promote the accumulation of the contents of total sugar, soluble sugar, and total pectin compared with the H and S treatments but decrease the total flavonoid contents. LC-MS and HS-GC-MS uncovered 98 differential metabolites and 27 differential volatile substances among the three treatments, respectively. Overall, the M treatment facilitated the stabilization and improvement of the quality of polysaccharides and volatile substances, while the H treatment could promote the level of amino acids in P. palustre. The current study provided a theoretical reference for establishing standardized processing methods and sustaining the quality stability of P. palustre in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Center, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Changqian Quan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Center, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
| | - Suhua Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
- National Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Center, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, China
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15
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Zhurakulov S, Rakhimov S, Kodirov MA, Vinogradova VI, Sagdullaev S. Aminomethylation of Uracil and 6-Methyluracil by 3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine and Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives. Chem Nat Compd 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-023-03987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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16
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Wang H, Fu Y, Zhao Q, Liu Z, Wang C, Xue Y, Shen Q. Effects of heat-treated starch and protein from foxtail millet (Setaria italica) on type 2 diabetic mice. Food Chem 2023; 404:134735. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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17
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Fan L, Pan Z, Liao X, Zhong Y, Guo J, Pang R, Chen X, Ye G, Su Y. Uracil restores susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to aminoglycosides through metabolic reprogramming. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1133685. [PMID: 36762116 PMCID: PMC9902350 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1133685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has now become a major nosocomial pathogen bacteria and resistant to many antibiotics. Therefore, Development of novel approaches to combat the disease is especially important. The present study aimed to provide a novel approach involving the use of nucleotide-mediated metabolic reprogramming to tackle intractable methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Objective: This study aims to explore the bacterial effects and mechanism of uracil and gentamicin in S. aureus. Methods: Antibiotic bactericidal assays was used to determine the synergistic bactericidal effect of uracil and gentamicin. How did uracil regulate bacterial metabolism including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle by GC-MS-based metabolomics. Next, genes and activity of key enzymes in the TCA cycle, PMF, and intracellular aminoglycosides were measured. Finally, bacterial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ATP levels were also assayed in this study. Results: In the present study, we found that uracil could synergize with aminoglycosides to kill MRSA (USA300) by 400-fold. Reprogramming metabolomics displayed uracil reprogrammed bacterial metabolism, especially enhanced the TCA cycle to elevate NADH production and proton motive force, thereby promoting the uptake of antibiotics. Furthermore, uracil increased cellular respiration and ATP production, resulting the generation of ROS. Thus, the combined activity of uracil and antibiotics induced bacterial death. Inhibition of the TCA cycle or ROS production could attenuate bactericidal efficiency. Moreover, uracil exhibited bactericidal activity in cooperation with aminoglycosides against other pathogenic bacteria. In a mouse mode of MRSA infection, the combination of gentamicin and uracil increased the survival rate of infected mice. Conclusion: Our results suggest that uracil enhances the activity of bactericidal antibiotics to kill Gram-positive bacteria by modulating bacterial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyuan Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Pan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Liao
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, and Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Yilin Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhai Chen
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guozhu Ye
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, and Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Yubin Su, ; Guozhu Ye,
| | - Yubin Su
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yubin Su, ; Guozhu Ye,
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18
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Wang Z, Sun Y, Wu Y, Chen R, Xu Y, Cai Y, Chu M, Dou X, Zhang Y, Qin Y, Gu M, Qiao Y, Zhang Q, Li Q, Wang X, Wu J, Wu R. Metabonomic analysis of human and 12 kinds of livestock mature milk. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100581. [PMID: 36845482 PMCID: PMC9944509 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature milk, as a nutrient-rich endogenous metabolite, has various beneficial effects on the human body. In order to investigate the specific nutrients provided by different dairy products to humans, we used UHPLC-Q-TOF MS to analyze the highly significantly differentially expressed metabolites in 13 species of mammalian mature milk, which were grouped into 17 major metabolite classes with 1992 metabolites based on chemical classification. KEGG shows that 5 pathways in which differentially significant metabolites are actively involved are ABC transporters, Purine metabolism, Pyrimidine metabolism, Phosphotransferase system, Galactose metabolism. The study found that pig milk and goat milk are closer to human milk and contain more nutrients that are beneficial to human health, followed by camel milk and cow milk. In the context of dairy production, the development of goat milk is more likely to meet human needs and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yinggang Sun
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanzhi Wu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yafei Cai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Chu
- Lanzhou Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xingtang Dou
- Liaoning Province Modern Agricultural Production Base Construction Engineering Center. Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ming Gu
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yanjun Qiao
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qiu Zhang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Corresponding author.
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19
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Ziganshina AY, Mansurova EE, Voloshina AD, Lyubina AP, Amerhanova SK, Shulaeva MM, Nizameev IR, Kadirov MK, Bakhtiozina LR, Semenov VE, Antipin IS. Thymine-Modified Nanocarrier for Doxorubicin Delivery in Glioblastoma Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020551. [PMID: 36677608 PMCID: PMC9864328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor glioblastoma is one of the worst types of cancer. The blood-brain barrier prevents drugs from reaching brain cells and shields glioblastoma from treatment. The creation of nanocarriers to improve drug delivery and internalization effectiveness may be the solution to this issue. In this paper, we report on a new nanocarrier that was developed to deliver the anticancer drug doxorubicin to glioblastoma cells. The nanocarrier was obtained by nanoemulsion polymerization of diallyl disulfide with 1-allylthymine. Diallyl disulfide is a redox-sensitive molecule involved in redox cell activities, and thymine is a uracil derivative and one of the well-known bioactive compounds that can enhance the pharmacological activity of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin was successfully introduced into the nanocarrier with a load capacity of about 4.6%. Biological studies showed that the doxorubicin nanocarrier composition is far more cytotoxic to glioblastoma cells (T98G) than it is to cancer cells (M-HeLa) and healthy cells (Chang liver). The nanocarrier improves the penetration of doxorubicin into T98G cells and accelerates the cells' demise, as is evident from flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy data. The obtained nanocarrier, in our opinion, is a promising candidate for further research in glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Y. Ziganshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Elina E. Mansurova
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky Str. 1/29, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexandra D. Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna P. Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Syumbelya K. Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina M. Shulaeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irek R. Nizameev
- Department of Nanotechnologies in Electronics, Kazan National Research Technical University Named after A. N. Tupolev—KAI, 10, K. Marx Str., 420111 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marsil K. Kadirov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Leysan R. Bakhtiozina
- Alexander Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Lobachevsky Str. 1/29, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav E. Semenov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor S. Antipin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
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20
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Yan S, Peng Y, Wu Z, Cheng L, Li H, Xu H, Huang Y, Zhang W, Li Y. Distinct metabolic biomarkers to distinguish IgG4-related disease from Sjogren's syndrome and pancreatic cancer and predict disease prognosis. BMC Med 2022; 20:497. [PMID: 36575511 PMCID: PMC9795602 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) remains unclear. IgG4-RD often mimics other diseases, including pancreatic cancer (PC) and Sjogren's syndrome (SS), which may easily lead to misdiagnosis. This study was performed to explore the metabolite changes and potential biomarkers of IgG4-RD and other misdiagnosed diseases. METHODS Untargeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomics profiling of plasma samples from a cohort comprising healthy controls (HCs) and patients with IgG4-RD (n = 87), PC (n = 33), and SS (n = 31) was performed. A random forest machine learning model was used to verify the relevance of the identified metabolites in the diagnosis of different diseases and the prediction of disease prognosis. RESULTS The ATP-binding cassette transporter pathway was found to be most closely related to IgG4-RD, which was significantly up-regulated in the IgG4-RD group than in all the matched groups. Five metabolites were proved to be valuable biomarkers for IgG4-RD. Caftaric acid, maltotetraose, D-glutamic acid, 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine, and hydroxyproline were useful in distinguishing between IgG4-RD, PC, SS, and HC [area under the curve (AUC) = 1]. A combination of phenylalanine betaine, 1-(1z-hexadecenyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, Pi 40:8, uracil, and N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide showed a moderate value in predicting relapse in patients with IgG4-RD (AUC = 0.8). CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the metabolite changes of IgG4-RD and provide new insights for deepening our understanding of IgG4-RD despite the lack of validation in external cohorts. Metabolomic biomarkers have significance in the clinical diagnosis and disease prognosis of IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Honglin Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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21
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Synthesis of 6-Methyluracilpentylviologen Resorcinarene Cavitand. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Resorcinarenes, as macrocyclic compounds, are widely used to recognize substrates and create supramolecular assemblies. Their bowl-like form organizes functional groups at the upper and lower rims, which has a substantial impact on the molecular recognition of various substrates. As a result, resorcinarenes make good drug nanocarrier candidates. This paper presents the synthesis of a new resorcinarene cavitand functionalized along the upper rim with methyluracil and viologen fragments for its potential use in drug delivery. Methyluracils and viologens are well-known receptor-targeted compounds capable of facilitating the vector transfer of drugs and increasing the effectiveness of their action on cells. The paper describes the synthesis of resorcinarene modified with methyluracil and viologen groups along with its structure determined by 1H-, 13C-NMR and IR spectroscopy.
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22
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Kumar P, Das S. Kinetics and adsorption isotherm model of 2-thiouracil adsorbed onto the surface of reduced graphene oxide-copper oxide nanocomposite material. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Cao X, Du X, Jiao H, An Q, Chen R, Fang P, Wang J, Yu B. Carbohydrate-based drugs launched during 2000 -2021. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3783-3821. [PMID: 36213536 PMCID: PMC9532563 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are fundamental molecules involved in nearly all aspects of lives, such as being involved in formating the genetic and energy materials, supporting the structure of organisms, constituting invasion and host defense systems, and forming antibiotics secondary metabolites. The naturally occurring carbohydrates and their derivatives have been extensively studied as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases. During 2000 to 2021, totally 54 carbohydrate-based drugs which contain carbohydrate moities as the major structural units have been approved as drugs or diagnostic agents. Here we provide a comprehensive review on the chemical structures, activities, and clinical trial results of these carbohydrate-based drugs, which are categorized by their indications into antiviral drugs, antibacterial/antiparasitic drugs, anticancer drugs, antidiabetics drugs, cardiovascular drugs, nervous system drugs, and other agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojing Du
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Heng Jiao
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Quanlin An
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruoxue Chen
- Zhongshan Hospital Institute of Clinical Science, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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24
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Potentiometric and spectroscopic studies of the complex formation in the 6-methyl-2-thiouracil and copper(ii) ion system. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Hajali N, Taghva Manesh A, Seif A. Formations of bimolecular barbituric acid complexes through hydrogen bonding interactions: DFT analyses of structural and electronic features. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Formations of bimolecular barbituric acid (BA) complexes through hydrogen-bonding (HB) interactions were investigated in this work. BA has been known as a starting compound of pharmaceutical compounds developments, in which the molecular and atomic features of parent BA in homo-paring with another BA molecule were investigated here. The models were optimized to reach the stabilized structures and their properties were evaluated at the molecular and atomic scales. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to provide required information for achieving the goal of this work. Six dimer models were obtained finally according to examining all possible starting dimers configurations for involving in optimization calculations. N-H . . . O and C-H . . . O interactions were also involved in dimers formations besides participation of the X-center of parent BA in interaction. Molecular and atomic scales features were evaluated for characterizing the dimers formations. As a consequence, several configurations of BA dimers were obtained showing the importance of performing such structural analyses for developing further compounds from BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Hajali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Taghva Manesh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Seif
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Investigating thiouracil adsorption by an iron-doped carbon particle: Analyzing structural, electronic, and QTAIM features. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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27
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Vijayakumar BG, Ramesh D, Kumaravel SM, Theresa M, Sethumadhavan A, Venkatesan BP, Radhakrishnan EK, Mani M, Kannan T. Chitosan with pendant (E)-5-((4-acetylphenyl) diazenyl)-6-aminouracil groups as synergetic antimicrobial agents. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4048-4058. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00240j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conventional antimicrobial agents are losing the war against drug resistance day-by-day. Chitosan biopolymer is one of the alternative materials that lends itself well to this application by fine-tuning its bioactivity...
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28
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Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Awad SM, Ali SM, Mansour YE, Fatahala SS. Synthesis and Evaluation of Some Uracil Nucleosides as Promising Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:2988. [PMID: 34069874 PMCID: PMC8157375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is so widespread, several antiviral drugs have been developed to treat it, among which are uracil nucleosides. However, there are major problems with the current medications such as severe side-effects and drug resistance. Here we present some newly synthesized cyclic and acyclic uracil nucleosides that showed very promising activity against HSV-1 compared to acyclovir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mohamed Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (S.M.A.); (Y.E.M.)
| | - Shima Mahmoud Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt;
| | - Yara Essam Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (S.M.A.); (Y.E.M.)
| | - Samar Said Fatahala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain-Helwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt; (S.M.A.); (Y.E.M.)
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Marcantonio E, Curti C, Battistini L, Sartori A, Cardinale L, Pelosi G, Zanardi F. Direct, Asymmetric Synthesis of Carbocycle‐Fused Uracils via [4+2] Cycloadditions: a Noncovalent Organocatalysis Approach. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202100082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Marcantonio
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Claudio Curti
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Lucia Battistini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Luana Cardinale
- Department of Chemistry University of Hamburg Martin Luther King Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 17A 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Franca Zanardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco Università di Parma Parco Area delle Scienze 27A 43124 Parma Italy
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