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Asghar A, Chohan TA, Khurshid U, Saleem H, Mustafa MW, Khursheed A, Alafnan A, Batul R, Bin Break MK, Almansour K, Anwar S. A systematic review on understanding the mechanistic pathways and clinical aspects of natural CDK inhibitors on cancer progression.: Unlocking cellular and biochemical mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 393:110940. [PMID: 38467339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.110940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Cell division, differentiation, and controlled cell death are all regulated by phosphorylation, a key biological function. This mechanism is controlled by a variety of enzymes, with cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) being particularly important in phosphorylating proteins at serine and threonine sites. CDKs, which contain 20 unique components, serve an important role in regulating vital physiological functions such as cell cycle progression and gene transcription. Methodologically, an extensive literature search was performed using reputable databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Keywords encompassed "cyclin kinase," "cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors," "CDK inhibitors," "natural products," and "cancer therapy." The inclusion criteria, focused on relevance, publication date, and language, ensured a thorough representation of the most recent research in the field, encompassing articles published from January 2015 to September 2023. Categorization of CDKs into those regulating transcription and those orchestrating cell cycle phases provides a comprehensive understanding of their diverse functions. Ongoing clinical trials featuring CDK inhibitors, notably CDK7 and CDK4/6 inhibitors, illuminate their promising potential in various cancer treatments. This review undertakes a thorough investigation of CDK inhibitors derived from natural (marine, terrestrial, and peptide) sources. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive comprehension of the chemical classifications, origins, target CDKs, associated cancer types, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Asghar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali Chohan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Umair Khurshid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Mian Waqar Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khursheed
- Department of Pharmacy, Grand Asian University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahila Batul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
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Gong Y, Li H. CDK7 in breast cancer: mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:226. [PMID: 38605321 PMCID: PMC11010440 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) serves as a pivotal regulator in orchestrating cellular cycle dynamics and gene transcriptional activity. Elevated expression levels of CDK7 have been ubiquitously documented across a spectrum of malignancies and have been concomitantly correlated with adverse clinical outcomes. This review delineates the biological roles of CDK7 and explicates the molecular pathways through which CDK7 exacerbates the oncogenic progression of breast cancer. Furthermore, we synthesize the extant literature to provide a comprehensive overview of the advancement of CDK7-specific small-molecule inhibitors, encapsulating both preclinical and clinical findings in breast cancer contexts. The accumulated evidence substantiates the conceptualization of CDK7 as a propitious therapeutic target in breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Huiping Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang S, Li Z, Yin B, Liu Y, Zhang L. Discovery of a Dual-Target Inhibitor of CDK7 and HDAC1 That Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Migration in Colorectal Cancer. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300281. [PMID: 37821774 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression or dysfunction of cyclin-dependent kinase 7(CDK7) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) are associated with the occurrence and progression of various cancers. In this study, we developed a series of dual-target inhibitors by designing and synthesizing compounds that incorporate the pharmacophores of THZ2 and SAHA. The most potent dual-target inhibitor displayed robust inhibitory activity against several types of cancer cells and demonstrated promising inhibitory effects on both CDK7 and HDAC1. After further mechanistic studies, it was discovered that this inhibitor effectively arrested HCT-116 cells at the G2 phase and induced apoptosis. Additionally, it also significantly hindered the migration of HCT-116 cells and exhibited notable anti-tumor effects. These findings offer strong support for the development of dual-target inhibitors of CDK7 and HDAC1 and provide a promising avenue for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Shuangqian Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhijia Li
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Bo Yin
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
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El-Gazzar MG, El-Gazzar MG, Ghorab MM. Quinazolinone derivatives as new potential CDK4/6 inhibitors, apoptosis inducers and radiosensitizers for breast cancer. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1133-1147. [PMID: 37529897 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Targeting CDK4/6 has advanced breast cancer treatment. Herein, new quinazolinones were synthesized with acetamide linkers as potential anti-breast cancer agents. Methods & results: In vitro cytotoxic evaluation on human breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and MDA-MB-231) identified 1,3-benzodioxole (5d) to be of the highest potency. It showed good inhibitory activity on CDK4/6. Compound 5d arrested the cell cycle at the G1-phase, caused induction of early and late apoptosis in an Annexin V-FITC assay, led to an increase in the level of caspase-3 and upregulated Bax expression and downregulated Bcl-2 in MCF7 cells. Compound 5d showed good radiosensitizing activity when combined with a single dose of 8-Gy γ-radiation. Conclusion: This study introduces quinazolinone scaffolds as new CDK4/6 inhibitors for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Gm El-Gazzar
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Marwa G El-Gazzar
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Ghorab
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research & Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 11787, Egypt
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Wu Z, Hu L, Ru K, Zhang W, Xu X, Liu S, Liu H, Jia Y, Liang S, Chen Z, Qian A. Ellagic acid inhibits CDK12 to increase osteoblast differentiation and alleviate osteoporosis in hindlimb-unloaded and ovariectomized mice. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154745. [PMID: 36931096 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent bone disease occurred commonly in astronauts and postmenopausal women due to mechanical unloading and estrogen deficiency, respectively. At present, there are some traditional Chinese medicine compounds for preventing and treating osteoporosis induced by simulated microgravity, but the detailed components of the traditional Chinese medicines still need to be confirmed and osteoporosis is still untreatable due to a lack of effective small-molecule natural medicine. PURPOSE To explore the role of cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) in osteoporosis induced by simulated microgravity and the therapeutic effect of CDK12-targeted Ellagic Acid (EA) on osteoporosis. METHODS Our previous study has suggested that CDK12 as a potential target for treating and preventing osteoporosis. In this study, the role of CDK12 in osteoblasts and mice bone tissues was further studied under simulated microgravity. And by targeting CDK12, natural small-molecule product EA was screened out based on a large scale through the weighted set similarity (WES) method and the therapeutic effects of EA on osteoporosis was investigated in hindlimb-unloaded (HU) mouse model and ovariectomized (OVX) model. RESULTS The results demonstrated that simulated microgravity inhibited bone formation and up-regulated the expression of CDK12. Furthermore, CDK12-siRNA or THZ531 (an inhibitor of CDK 12) promoted osteoblast differentiation, while the overexpression of CDK12 inhibited osteoblasts differentiation. And we further proved that CDK12-targeted EA showed a rescue effect on osteoblast differentiation inhibition caused by simulated microgravity. EA (50 mg·kg-1·day-1) daily intragastric administration alleviated the symptoms of osteoporosis and accompanied with the improvement of trabecular bone and cortical bone parameters with significantly overexpression of CDK12. CONCLUSION EA efficiently improves osteoporosis by targeting CDK12, which is a suppresser of osteoblast differentiation and a novel therapeutic target for treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Wu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Lifang Hu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Kang Ru
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xia Xu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shuyu Liu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yunxia Jia
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shujing Liang
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Airong Qian
- Lab for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
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Nanostructures as Photothermal Agents in Tumor Treatment. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010277. [PMID: 36615470 PMCID: PMC9822183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional methods of tumor treatment such as surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have certain limitations, and their treatment effects are not always satisfactory. As a new tumor treatment method, photothermal therapy based on nanostructures has attracted the attention of researchers due to its characteristics of minimally invasive, low side effects, and inhibition of cancer metastasis. In recent years, there has been a variety of inorganic or organic nanostructures used in the field of photothermal tumor treatment, and they have shown great application prospects. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of nanomaterials/nanostructures as photothermal agents (PTAs) for photothermal therapy as well as their research progress are reviewed. For the sake of clarity, the recently reported nanomaterials/nanostructures for photothermal therapy of tumor are classified into five main categories, i.e., carbon nanostructures, noble metal nanostructures, transition metal sulfides, organic polymer, and other nanostructures. In addition, future perspectives or challenges in the related field are discussed.
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Semghouli A, Remete AM, Kiss L. Synthesis of New β‐Amino Acid Scaffolds by Means of Ring‐Rearrangement Metathesis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anas Semghouli
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Stereochemistry Research Group Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Attila M. Remete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Szeged Eötvös u. 6 H-6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Loránd Kiss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Stereochemistry Research Group Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2 H-1117 Budapest Hungary
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8
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Pandiyan S, Wang L. A comprehensive review on recent approaches for cancer drug discovery associated with artificial intelligence. Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106140. [PMID: 36179510 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Through the revolutionization of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in clinical research, significant improvement is observed in diagnosis of cancer. Utilization of these AI technologies, such as machine and deep learning, is imperative for the discovery of novel anticancer drugs and improves existing/ongoing cancer therapeutics. However, building a model for complicated cancers and their types remains a challenge due to lack of effective therapeutics that hinder the establishment of effective computational tools. In this review, we exploit recent approaches and state-of-the-art in implementing AI methods for anticancer drug discovery, and discussed how advances in these applications need to be considered in the current cancer therapeutics. Considering the immense potential of AI, we explore molecular docking and their interactions to recognize metabolic activities that support drug design. Finally, we highlight corresponding strategies in applying machine and deep learning methods to various types of cancer with their pros and cons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeevi Pandiyan
- Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China; School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Nantong Research Institute for Advanced Communication Technologies, Nantong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Research Center for Intelligent Information Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China; School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China; Nantong Research Institute for Advanced Communication Technologies, Nantong, China.
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9
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Kargbo R. Selective Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors and Their Application in Cancer Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1561-1563. [PMID: 36267128 PMCID: PMC9578029 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Every cell cycle step is a well-regulated process controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Selectivity to individual CDKs is crucial in minimizing potential off target complications. Disclosures in this Patent Highlight provides CDK2-selective inhibitor compounds and methods for treating cancers.
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10
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Gu X, Shen H, Bai W, Xiang Z, Li X, Zhang R, Shi F, Li H, Zhu G, Guo S. Endometrial cancer prognosis prediction using correlation models based on CDK family genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:1021600. [PMID: 36299580 PMCID: PMC9589062 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1021600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an important role in cell division. Given that abnormal cell proliferation caused by dysregulation of cell division is one of the major causes of endometrial cancer (EC), it is important to elucidate the role of CDK family genes in the diagnosis and prognosis of EC. In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used to analyze the frequency of copy number variations and somatic mutations in 26 CDK family genes. Subsequently, the expression of these genes in EC was assessed, and their relationship with overall survival (OS) was examined via Kaplan–Meier analysis to assess their prognostic significance. A prognostic model based on seven CDK genes was constructed using Lasso and Cox regression, and the predictive performance of the model was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier analysis and column line plots. The correlation between CDK genes and immune cells was also examined. Patients with EC in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis. The results of qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses validated that CDK16 is highly expressed in EC tissues. Patients with EC with high CDK16 expression had worse 10-year OS than patients with low CDK16 expression. These findings suggest that the prognostic model constructed based on CDK genes can help to develop individualized and targeted treatment strategies for patients with EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Gu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Honghong Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenqi Bai
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Fan Shi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huiyuan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guangzheng Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Suyang Guo
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- *Correspondence: Suyang Guo,
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11
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Recent Advances in Natural Product-Based Hybrids as Anti-Cancer Agents. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196632. [PMID: 36235168 PMCID: PMC9572494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the top leading causes of death worldwide. It is a heterogenous disease characterized by unregulated cell proliferation and invasiveness of abnormal cells. For the treatment of cancer, natural products have been widely used as a source of therapeutic ingredients since ancient times. Although natural compounds and their derivatives have demonstrated strong antitumor activity in many types of cancer, their poor pharmacokinetic properties, low cell selectivity, limited bioavailability and restricted efficacy against drug-resistant cancer cells hinder their wide clinical application. Conjugation of natural products with other bioactive molecules has given rise to a new field in drug discovery resulting to the development of novel, bifunctional and more potent drugs for cancer therapy to overcome the current drawbacks. This review discusses multiple categories of such bifunctional conjugates and highlights recent trends and advances in the development of natural product hybrids. Among them, ADCs, PDCs, ApDCs, PROTACs and AUTOTACs represent emerging therapeutic agents against cancer.
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12
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He H, Liu Q, Chen L, Wang J, Yuan Y, Li H, Qian X, Zhao Z, Chen Z. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives as potent and selective CDK4/6 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 76:128991. [PMID: 36130661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases play an important role in the regulation of cell cycle and transcription. Selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of cancer. In this article, we described the design and synthesis of a series of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives as dual CDK4/6 inhibitors. Among them, the most promising compound L2 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against CDK4 and CDK6 with IC50 values of 16.7 nM and 30.5 nM respectively and showed excellent selectivity to CDK1/2/7/9. Moreover, compound L2 displayed potent antiproliferative activities at low digital micromolar range via inducing apoptosis in breast and colon cancer cells. In all, we developed a new series of pteridine-7(8H)-one derivatives which exhibited promising antitumor activities as selective CDK4/6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuhong Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Rana M, Faizan MI, Dar SH, Ahmad T. Design and Synthesis of Carbothioamide/Carboxamide-Based Pyrazoline Analogs as Potential Anticancer Agents: Apoptosis, Molecular Docking, ADME Assay, and DNA Binding Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22639-22656. [PMID: 35811873 PMCID: PMC9260921 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
To discover anticancer drugs with novel structures and expand our research scope, pyrazoline derivatives (3a-3l) were designed and synthesized through cyclization of chalcones with thiosemicarbazide/semicarbazide in CH3COOH as a solvent. All newly synthesized pyrazoline derivatives were fully characterized using several spectroscopic experiments such as 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and mass analysis. By HPLC, the purity of all analogs was found above 95% and both lead compounds (3a and 3h) were also validated by HRMS. Anticancer activity of synthesized pyrazoline derivatives (3a-3l) was investigated by the MTT assay against the human lung cancer cell (A549), human cervical cancer cell (HeLa), and human primary normal lung cells (HFL-1). Staurosporine (STS) was used as a standard drug. The anticancer results showed that two potent analogs 3a and 3h exhibit excellent activity against A549 (IC50 = 13.49 ± 0.17 and 22.54 ± 0.25 μM) and HeLa cells (IC50 = 17.52 ± 0.09 and 24.14 ± 0.86 μM) and low toxicity against the HFL-1 (IC50 = 114.50 ± 0.01 and 173.20 ± 10 μM). The flow cytometry was further used to confirm the anticancer activity of potent derivatives against the A549 cancer cell line. DNA binding interaction of anticancer agents 3a and 3h with Ct-DNA has been carried out by absorption, fluorescence, EtBr (dye displacement assay), circular dichroism, cyclic voltammetry and time-resolved fluorescence, which showed noncovalent binding mode of interaction. Anticancer activity of both lead compounds (3a and 3h) may be attributed to DNA binding. The evaluation of the antioxidant potential of pyrazoline analogs 3a and 3h by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical showed promising antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 0.132 ± 0.012 and 0.215 ± 0.025 μg/mL, respectively. In silico molecular docking of pyrazoline derivatives was also performed using autodock vina software against the DNA hexamer with PDB ID: 1Z3F and ADMET properties to explore their best hits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Md Imam Faizan
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sajad Hussain Dar
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research & Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Huang Z, Wang T, Wang C, Fan Y. CDK9 Inhibitors in Cancer Research. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:688-710. [PMID: 35814933 PMCID: PMC9215160 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) played an essential role in regulating transcriptional elongation. Aberrations in CDK9 activity have been observed in various cancers, which made CDK9 was an attractive therapeutic...
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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