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Hui Z, Deng H, Zhang X, Garrido C, Lirussi F, Ye XY, Xie T, Liu ZQ. Development and therapeutic potential of DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107608. [PMID: 38981210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The deployment of DNA damage response (DDR) combats various forms of DNA damage, ensuring genomic stability. Cancer cells' propensity for genomic instability offers therapeutic opportunities to selectively kill cancer cells by suppressing the DDR pathway. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a nuclear serine/threonine kinase, is crucial for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Therefore, targeting DNA-PK is a promising cancer treatment strategy. This review elaborates on the structures of DNA-PK and its related large protein, as well as the development process of DNA-PK inhibitors, and recent advancements in their clinical application. We emphasize our analysis of the development process and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of DNA-PK inhibitors based on different scaffolds. We hope this review will provide practical information for researchers seeking to develop novel DNA-PK inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hui
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China
| | - Haowen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231, Label LipSTIC and Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Dijon, France; Faculté de médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Georges François Leclerc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Lirussi
- INSERM U1231, Label LipSTIC and Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Franche Comté, France, University Hospital of Besançon (CHU), France
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China.
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China.
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2
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Ye BJ, Li DF, Li XY, Hao JL, Liu DJ, Yu H, Zhang CD. Methylation synthetic lethality: Exploiting selective drug targets for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 597:217010. [PMID: 38849016 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
In cancer, synthetic lethality refers to the drug-induced inactivation of one gene and the inhibition of another in cancer cells by a drug, resulting in the death of only cancer cells; however, this effect is not present in normal cells, leading to targeted killing of cancer cells. Recent intensive epigenetic research has revealed that aberrant epigenetic changes are more frequently observed than gene mutations in certain cancers. Recently, numerous studies have reported various methylation synthetic lethal combinations involving DNA damage repair genes, metabolic pathway genes, and paralogs with significant results in cellular models, some of which have already entered clinical trials with promising results. This review systematically introduces the advantages of methylation synthetic lethality and describes the lethal mechanisms of methylation synthetic lethal combinations that have recently demonstrated success in cellular models. Furthermore, we discuss the future opportunities and challenges of methylation synthetic lethality in targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Ye
- Clinical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Di-Fei Li
- Clinical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Xin-Yun Li
- Clinical Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Jia-Lin Hao
- Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Di-Jie Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China
| | - Chun-Dong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China; Department of Surgical Oncology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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3
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Uboveja A, Aird KM. Interplay between altered metabolism and DNA damage and repair in ovarian cancer. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300166. [PMID: 38873912 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and is often associated with both DNA repair deficiency and extensive metabolic reprogramming. While still emerging, the interplay between these pathways can affect ovarian cancer phenotypes, including therapeutic resistance to the DNA damaging agents that are standard-of-care for this tumor type. In this review, we will discuss what is currently known about cellular metabolic rewiring in ovarian cancer that may impact DNA damage and repair in addition to highlighting how specific DNA repair proteins also promote metabolic changes. We will also discuss relevant data from other cancers that could be used to inform ovarian cancer therapeutic strategies. Changes in the choice of DNA repair mechanism adopted by ovarian cancer are a major factor in promoting therapeutic resistance. Therefore, the impact of metabolic reprogramming on DNA repair mechanisms in ovarian cancer has major clinical implications for targeted combination therapies for the treatment of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Uboveja
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine M Aird
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Liu Z, Jiang K, Liu Y, Li J, Huang S, Li P, Xu L, Xu X, Hu X, Zeng X, Huang Z, Zhou Y, Li J, Long K, Wang M. Discovery of Preclinical Candidate AD1058 as a Highly Potent, Selective, and Brain-Penetrant ATR Inhibitor for the Treatment of Advanced Malignancies. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 39053006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR) plays a crucial role in regulating the cellular DNA-damage response (DDR), making it a promising target for antitumor drug development through synthetic lethality. In this study, we present the discovery and detailed characterization of AD1058, a highly potent and selective ATR inhibitor, with good preclinical pharmacokinetic profiles. AD1058 exhibits superior efficacy in inhibiting cell proliferation, disrupting the cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis compared to AZD6738. AD1058 displays potent antitumor effects as a single agent or in combination with clinically approved tumor therapies such as PARP inhibitors, ionizing radiotherapy, or chemotherapy in vivo. Considering its enhanced ability to permeate the blood-brain barrier, AD1058 is a promising clinical candidate for the treatment of brain metastases and leptomeningeal metastases in solid tumors. Additionally, among reported ATR inhibitors, AD1058 features the shortest synthesis route and the highest efficiency to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kailong Jiang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junfei Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Siqi Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Xiaomin Xu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Xiaobei Hu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xia Zeng
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Zehui Huang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jia Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai Long
- Shanghai Annova Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan 528400, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Hu YM, Liu XC, Hu L, Dong ZW, Yao HY, Wang YJ, Zhao WJ, Xiang YK, Liu Y, Wang HB, Yin QK. Inhibition of the ATR-DNAPKcs-RB axis drives G1/S-phase transition and sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) to DNA holliday junctions. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116310. [PMID: 38788960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Targeting the DNA damage response (DDR) is a promising strategy in oncotherapy, as most tumor cells are sensitive to excess damage due to their repair defects. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and RAD3-related protein (ATR) is a damage response signal transduction sensor, and its therapeutic potential in tumor cells needs to be precisely investigated. Herein, we identified a new axis that could be targeted by ATR inhibitors to decrease the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNAPKcs), downregulate the expression of the retinoblastoma (RB), and drive G1/S-phase transition. Four-way DNA Holliday junctions (FJs) assembled in this process could trigger S-phase arrest and induce lethal chromosome damage in RB-positive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Furthermore, these unrepaired junctions also exerted toxic effects to RB-deficient TNBC cells when the homologous recombination repair (HRR) was inhibited. This study proposes a precise strategy for treating TNBC by targeting the DDR and extends our understanding of ATR and HJ in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Miao Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xue-Cun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, China
| | - Hong-Ying Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wen-Jing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yu-Ke Xiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Qi-Kun Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Basic Science Research Center Base (Pharmaceutical Science), Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
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6
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Gu L, Liu M, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Wang Y, Xu ZX. Telomere-related DNA damage response pathways in cancer therapy: prospective targets. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1379166. [PMID: 38910895 PMCID: PMC11190371 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1379166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the structural integrity of genomic chromosomal DNA is an essential role of cellular life and requires two important biological mechanisms: the DNA damage response (DDR) mechanism and telomere protection mechanism at chromosome ends. Because abnormalities in telomeres and cellular DDR regulation are strongly associated with human aging and cancer, there is a reciprocal regulation of telomeres and cellular DDR. Moreover, several drug treatments for DDR are currently available. This paper reviews the progress in research on the interaction between telomeres and cellular DNA damage repair pathways. The research on the crosstalk between telomere damage and DDR is important for improving the efficacy of tumor treatment. However, further studies are required to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Gu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mingdi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Honglan Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yishu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Ng YB, Akincilar SC. Shaping DNA damage responses: Therapeutic potential of targeting telomeric proteins and DNA repair factors in cancer. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2024; 76:102460. [PMID: 38776747 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2024.102460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Shelterin proteins regulate genomic stability by preventing inappropriate DNA damage responses (DDRs) at telomeres. Unprotected telomeres lead to persistent DDR causing cell cycle inhibition, growth arrest, and apoptosis. Cancer cells rely on DDR to protect themselves from DNA lesions and exogenous DNA-damaging agents such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Therefore, targeting DDR machinery is a promising strategy to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to existing cancer therapies. However, the success of these DDR inhibitors depends on other mutations, and over time, patients develop resistance to these therapies. This suggests the need for alternative approaches. One promising strategy is co-inhibiting shelterin proteins with DDR molecules, which would offset cellular fitness in DNA repair in a mutation-independent manner. This review highlights the associations and dependencies of the shelterin complex with the DDR proteins and discusses potential co-inhibition strategies that might improve the therapeutic potential of current inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bin Ng
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Semih Can Akincilar
- Laboratory of NFκB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Republic of Singapore.
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8
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Mirzayans R. Changing the Landscape of Solid Tumor Therapy from Apoptosis-Promoting to Apoptosis-Inhibiting Strategies. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5379-5396. [PMID: 38920994 PMCID: PMC11202608 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The many limitations of implementing anticancer strategies under the term "precision oncology" have been extensively discussed. While some authors propose promising future directions, others are less optimistic and use phrases such as illusion, hype, and false hypotheses. The reality is revealed by practicing clinicians and cancer patients in various online publications, one of which has stated that "in the quest for the next cancer cure, few researchers bother to look back at the graveyard of failed medicines to figure out what went wrong". The message is clear: Novel therapeutic strategies with catchy names (e.g., synthetic "lethality") have not fulfilled their promises despite decades of extensive research and clinical trials. The main purpose of this review is to discuss key challenges in solid tumor therapy that surprisingly continue to be overlooked by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) and numerous other authors. These challenges include: The impact of chemotherapy-induced genome chaos (e.g., multinucleation) on resistance and relapse, oncogenic function of caspase 3, cancer cell anastasis (recovery from late stages of apoptosis), and pitfalls of ubiquitously used preclinical chemosensitivity assays (e.g., cell "viability" and tumor growth delay studies in live animals) that score such pro-survival responses as "lethal" events. The studies outlined herein underscore the need for new directions in the management of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmik Mirzayans
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada
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9
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Zhou J, Zhang MY, Gao AA, Zhu C, He T, Herman JG, Guo MZ. Epigenetic silencing schlafen-11 sensitizes esophageal cancer to ATM inhibitor. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2060-2073. [PMID: 38764821 PMCID: PMC11099458 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i5.2060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is a cutting-edge strategy. It has been reported that Schlafen-11 (SLFN11) contributes to increase chemosensitivity by participating in DDR. However, the detailed mechanism is unclear. AIM To investigate the role of SLFN11 in DDR and the application of synthetic lethal in esophageal cancer with SLFN11 defects. METHODS To reach the purpose, eight esophageal squamous carcinoma cell lines, 142 esophageal dysplasia (ED) and 1007 primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples and various techniques were utilized, including methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, CRISPR/Cas9 technique, Western blot, colony formation assay, and xenograft mouse model. RESULTS Methylation of SLFN11 was exhibited in 9.15% of (13/142) ED and 25.62% of primary (258/1007) ESCC cases, and its expression was regulated by promoter region methylation. SLFN11 methylation was significantly associated with tumor differentiation and tumor size (both P < 0.05). However, no significant associations were observed between promoter region methylation and age, gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, TNM stage, or lymph node metastasis. Utilizing DNA damaged model induced by low dose cisplatin, SLFN11 was found to activate non-homologous end-joining and ATR/CHK1 signaling pathways, while inhibiting the ATM/CHK2 signaling pathway. Epigenetic silencing of SLFN11 was found to sensitize the ESCC cells to ATM inhibitor (AZD0156), both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION SLFN11 is frequently methylated in human ESCC. Methylation of SLFN11 is sensitive marker of ATM inhibitor in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Mei-Ying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ai-Ai Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tao He
- Departments of Pathology, Characteristic Medical Center of The Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China
| | - James G Herman
- The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Ming-Zhou Guo
- School of Medicine, NanKai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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10
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Chen XY, Wu ZX, Wang JQ, Teng QX, Tang H, Liu Q, Chen ZS, Chen W. Multidrug resistance transporters P-gp and BCRP limit the efficacy of ATR inhibitor ceralasertib in cancer cells. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1400699. [PMID: 38756373 PMCID: PMC11096521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1400699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic effect of chemotherapy and targeted therapy are known to be limited by drug resistance. Substantial evidence has shown that ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters P-gp and BCRP are significant contributors to multidrug resistance (MDR) in cancer cells. In this study, we demonstrated that a clinical-staged ATR inhibitor ceralasertib is susceptible to P-gp and BCRP-mediated MDR. The drug resistant cancer cells were less sensitive to ceralasertib compared to the parental cells. Moreover, ceralasertib resistance can be reversed by inhibiting the drug efflux activity of P-gp and BCRP. Interestingly, ceralasertib was able to downregulate the level of P-gp but not BCRP, suggesting a potential regulation between ATR signaling and P-gp expression. Furthermore, computational docking analysis predicted high affinities between ceralasertib and the drug-binding sites of P-gp and BCRP. In summary, overexpression of P-gp and BCRP are sufficient to confer cancer cells resistance to ceralasertib, underscoring their role as biomarkers for therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yu Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Jing-Quan Wang
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Qiu-Xu Teng
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Hailin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Institute for Biotechnology, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Wenkuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Zhanataev AK, Kulakova AV, Luzina OA, Khomenko TM, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF, Durnev AD. Enhancement of the Clastogenic Effects of Topotecan In Vivo by Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 Inhibitors. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:30-34. [PMID: 38954304 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Topotecan administered intraperitoneally at single doses of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/kg induced chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells of F1(CBA×C57BL/6) hybrid mice in a dose-dependent manner. A tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) inhibitor, an usnic acid derivative OL9-116 was inactive in a dose range of 20-240 mg/kg, but enhanced the cytogenetic effect of topotecan (0.25 mg/kg) at a dose of 40 mg/kg (per os). The TDP1 inhibitor, a coumarin derivative TX-2552 (at doses of 20, 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg per os), increased the level of aberrant metaphases induced by topotecan (0.25 mg/kg) by 2.1-2.6 times, but was inactive at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The results indicate that TDP1 inhibitors enhance the clastogenic activity of topotecan in mouse bone marrow cells in vivo and are characterized by different dose profiles of the co-mutagenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Zhanataev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A V Kulakova
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
| | - O A Luzina
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - T M Khomenko
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K P Volcho
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - N F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - A D Durnev
- V. V. Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Pusch FF, Dorado García H, Xu R, Gürgen D, Bei Y, Brückner L, Röefzaad C, von Stebut J, Bardinet V, Chamorro Gonzalez R, Eggert A, Schulte JH, Hundsdörfer P, Seifert G, Haase K, Schäfer BW, Wachtel M, Kühl AA, Ortiz MV, Wengner AM, Scheer M, Henssen AG. Elimusertib has Antitumor Activity in Preclinical Patient-Derived Pediatric Solid Tumor Models. Mol Cancer Ther 2024; 23:507-519. [PMID: 38159110 PMCID: PMC10985474 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-23-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The small-molecule inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), elimusertib, is currently being tested clinically in various cancer entities in adults and children. Its preclinical antitumor activity in pediatric malignancies, however, is largely unknown. We here assessed the preclinical activity of elimusertib in 38 cell lines and 32 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models derived from common pediatric solid tumor entities. Detailed in vitro and in vivo molecular characterization of the treated models enabled the evaluation of response biomarkers. Pronounced objective response rates were observed for elimusertib monotherapy in PDX, when treated with a regimen currently used in clinical trials. Strikingly, elimusertib showed stronger antitumor effects than some standard-of-care chemotherapies, particularly in alveolar rhabdomysarcoma PDX. Thus, elimusertib has strong preclinical antitumor activity in pediatric solid tumor models, which may translate to clinically meaningful responses in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian F. Pusch
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heathcliff Dorado García
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robin Xu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dennis Gürgen
- Experimental Pharmacology and Oncology (EPO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Bei
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lotte Brückner
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (BIMSB/BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Röefzaad
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jennifer von Stebut
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Bardinet
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rocío Chamorro Gonzalez
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Hundsdörfer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Helios Klinikum Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Seifert
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja A. Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin—Core Unit Immunopathology for Experimental Models, Charité Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael V. Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | | | - Monika Scheer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton G. Henssen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin (BIMSB/BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Odhiambo DA, Pittman AN, Rickard AG, Castillo RJ, Bassil AM, Chen J, Ravotti ML, Xu ES, Himes JE, Daniel AR, Watts TL, Williams NT, Luo L, Kirsch DG, Mowery YM. Preclinical Evaluation of the ATR Inhibitor BAY 1895344 as a Radiosensitizer for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1315-1327. [PMID: 38104870 PMCID: PMC11294978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite aggressive multimodal treatment that typically includes definitive or adjuvant radiation therapy (RT), locoregional recurrence rates approach 50% for patients with locally advanced human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Thus, more effective therapeutics are needed to improve patient outcomes. We evaluated the radiosensitizing effects of ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related (ATR) inhibitor (ATRi) BAY 1895344 in preclinical models of HNSCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS Murine and human HPV-negative HNSCC cells (MOC2, MOC1, JHU-012) were treated with vehicle or ATRi with or without 4 Gy. Checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation and DNA damage (γH2AX) were evaluated by Western blot, and ATRi half-maximal inhibitory concentration was determined by MTT assay for HNSCC cells and immortalized murine oral keratinocytes. In vitro radiosensitization was tested by clonogenic assay. Cell cycle distribution and mitotic catastrophe were evaluated by flow cytometry. Mitotic aberrations were quantified by fluorescent microscopy. Tumor growth delay and survival were assessed in mice bearing MOC2 or JHU-012 transplant tumors treated with vehicle, ATRi, RT (10 Gy × 1 or 8 Gy × 3), or combined ATRi + RT. RESULTS ATRi caused dose-dependent reduction in checkpoint kinase 1 phosphorylation at 1 hour post-RT (4 Gy) and dose-dependent increase in γH2AX at 18 hours post-RT. Addition of RT to ATRi led to decreased BAY 1895344 half-maximal inhibitory concentration in HNSCC cell lines but not in normal tissue surrogate immortalized murine oral keratinocytes. Clonogenic assays demonstrated radiosensitization in the HNSCC cell lines. ATRi abrogated the RT-induced G2/M checkpoint, leading to mitosis with unrepaired DNA damage and increased mitotic aberrations (multinucleated cells, micronuclei, nuclear buds, nucleoplasmic bridges). ATRi and RT significantly delayed tumor growth in MOC2 and JHU-012 in vivo models, with improved overall survival in the MOC2 model. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that BAY 1895344 increased in vitro and in vivo radiosensitivity in HPV-negative HNSCC preclinical models, suggesting therapeutic potential warranting evaluation in clinical trials for patients with locally advanced or recurrent HPV-negative HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashlyn G Rickard
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | - Joshua Chen
- College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University
| | - Madison L Ravotti
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
| | - Eric S Xu
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Duke University
| | | | | | - Tammara L Watts
- Dept. of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University
| | | | - Lixia Luo
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Duke University
| | - David G Kirsch
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Duke University
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology and Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto
| | - Yvonne M Mowery
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Duke University
- Dept. of Radiation Oncology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center/University of Pittsburgh
- Dept. of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University
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14
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Chiappa M, Guffanti F, Grasselli C, Panini N, Corbelli A, Fiordaliso F, Damia G. Different Patterns of Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells with Homologous Recombination Proficient and Deficient Background. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3049. [PMID: 38474294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Platinum compounds are very active in first-line treatments of ovarian carcinoma. In fact, high rates of complete remission are achieved, but most patients eventually relapse with resistant disease. Many mechanisms underlying the platinum-resistant phenotype have been reported. However, there are no data in the same isogenic cell system proficient and deficient in homologous recombination (HR) on platinum-acquired resistance that might unequivocally clarify the most important mechanism associated with resistance. We generated and characterized cisplatin (DDP)-resistant murine ovarian ID8 cell lines in a HR-deficient and -proficient background. Specific upregulation of the NER pathway in the HR-proficient and -resistant cells and partial restoration of HR in Brca1-/--resistant cells were found. Combinations of different inhibitors of the DNA damage response pathways with cisplatin were strongly active in both resistant and parental cells. The data from the ID8 isogenic system are in line with current experimental and clinical evidence and strongly suggest that platinum resistance develops in different ways depending on the cell DNA repair status (i.e., HR-proficient or HR-deficient), and the upregulation and/or restoration of repair pathways are major determinants of DDP resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Chiappa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Guffanti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Grasselli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicolò Panini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corbelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Fiordaliso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via M. Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
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15
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Mavroeidi D, Georganta A, Panagiotou E, Syrigos K, Souliotis VL. Targeting ATR Pathway in Solid Tumors: Evidence of Improving Therapeutic Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2767. [PMID: 38474014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) system is a complicated network of signaling pathways that detects and repairs DNA damage or induces apoptosis. Critical regulators of the DDR network include the DNA damage kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated Rad3-related kinase (ATR) and ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). The ATR pathway coordinates processes such as replication stress response, stabilization of replication forks, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair. ATR inhibition disrupts these functions, causing a reduction of DNA repair, accumulation of DNA damage, replication fork collapse, inappropriate mitotic entry, and mitotic catastrophe. Recent data have shown that the inhibition of ATR can lead to synthetic lethality in ATM-deficient malignancies. In addition, ATR inhibition plays a significant role in the activation of the immune system by increasing the tumor mutational burden and neoantigen load as well as by triggering the accumulation of cytosolic DNA and subsequently inducing the cGAS-STING pathway and the type I IFN response. Taken together, we review stimulating data showing that ATR kinase inhibition can alter the DDR network, the immune system, and their interplay and, therefore, potentially provide a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy, using ATR inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination with genotoxic drugs and/or immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Mavroeidi
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Georganta
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Panagiotou
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Syrigos
- Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria General Hospital for Chest Diseases, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis L Souliotis
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 116 35 Athens, Greece
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16
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Black WC, Abdoli A, An X, Auger A, Beaulieu P, Bernatchez M, Caron C, Chefson A, Crane S, Diallo M, Dorich S, Fader LD, Ferraro GB, Fournier S, Gao Q, Ginzburg Y, Hamel M, Han Y, Jones P, Lanoix S, Lacbay CM, Leclaire ME, Levy M, Mamane Y, Mulani A, Papp R, Pellerin C, Picard A, Skeldon A, Skorey K, Stocco R, St-Onge M, Truchon JF, Truong VL, Zimmermann M, Zinda M, Roulston A. Discovery of the Potent and Selective ATR Inhibitor Camonsertib (RP-3500). J Med Chem 2024; 67:2349-2368. [PMID: 38299539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
ATR is a key kinase in the DNA-damage response (DDR) that is synthetic lethal with several other DDR proteins, making it an attractive target for the treatment of genetically selected solid tumors. Herein we describe the discovery of a novel ATR inhibitor guided by a pharmacophore model to position a key hydrogen bond. Optimization was driven by potency and selectivity over the related kinase mTOR, resulting in the identification of camonsertib (RP-3500) with high potency and excellent ADME properties. Preclinical evaluation focused on the impact of camonsertib on myelosuppression, and an exploration of intermittent dosing schedules to allow recovery of the erythroid compartment and mitigate anemia. Camonsertib is currently undergoing clinical evaluation both as a single agent and in combination with talazoparib, olaparib, niraparib, lunresertib, or gemcitabine (NCT04497116, NCT04972110, NCT04855656). A preliminary recommended phase 2 dose for monotherapy was identified as 160 mg QD given 3 days/week.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cameron Black
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Abbas Abdoli
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Xiuli An
- New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Anick Auger
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | | | | | - Cathy Caron
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Amandine Chefson
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Sheldon Crane
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Mohamed Diallo
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Stéphane Dorich
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Lee D Fader
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Gino B Ferraro
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Sara Fournier
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Qi Gao
- J-Star Research, Inc., 3001 Hadley Road, Suites 1-5A, South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080, United States
| | - Yelena Ginzburg
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Martine Hamel
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Yongshuai Han
- New York Blood Center Enterprises, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Paul Jones
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Lanoix
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Cyrus M Lacbay
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Leclaire
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Maayan Levy
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yael Mamane
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Amina Mulani
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Robert Papp
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Charles Pellerin
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Audrey Picard
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Alexander Skeldon
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Kathryn Skorey
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Rino Stocco
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Miguel St-Onge
- Ventus Therapeutics, Inc., 7150 Frederick-Banting, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 2A1, Canada
| | - Jean-François Truchon
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Vouy Linh Truong
- Nuchem Sciences, Inc., 2350 Rue Cohen, Suite 201, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4R 2N6, Canada
| | - Michal Zimmermann
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Michael Zinda
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
| | - Anne Roulston
- Repare Therapeutics, Inc., 7171 Frederick-Banting, Building 2, Saint-Laurent, Quebec H4S 1Z9, Canada
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17
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Di Bona M, Bakhoum SF. Micronuclei and Cancer. Cancer Discov 2024; 14:214-226. [PMID: 38197599 PMCID: PMC11265298 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-1073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Chromosome-containing micronuclei are a feature of human cancer. Micronuclei arise from chromosome mis-segregation and characterize tumors with elevated rates of chromosomal instability. Although their association with cancer has been long recognized, only recently have we broadened our understanding of the mechanisms that govern micronuclei formation and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we provide a brief historical account of micronuclei, depict the mechanisms underpinning their creation, and illuminate their capacity to propel tumor evolution through genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional transformations. We also posit the prospect of leveraging micronuclei as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in chromosomally unstable cancers. SIGNIFICANCE Micronuclei in chromosomally unstable cancer cells serve as pivotal catalysts for cancer progression, instigating transformative genomic, epigenetic, and transcriptional alterations. This comprehensive review not only synthesizes our present comprehension but also outlines a framework for translating this knowledge into pioneering biomarkers and therapeutics, thereby illuminating novel paths for personalized cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Di Bona
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel F. Bakhoum
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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18
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Huang F, Zhang C, Yang W, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Guo W, Wang B. Identification of a DNA damage repair-related LncRNA signature for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy response of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:155. [PMID: 38326754 PMCID: PMC10851502 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA damage repair (DDR) may affect tumorigenesis and therapeutic response in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) can regulate DDR and play a vital role in maintaining genomic stability in cancers. Here, we identified a DDR-related prognostic signature in HCC and explored its potential clinical value. METHODS Data of HCC samples were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and a list of DDR-related genes was extracted from the Molecular Signatures database (MSigDB). A DDR-related lncRNAs signature associated to overall survival (OS) was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-cox regression, and was further validated by the Kaplan-Meier curve and receiver operating characteristic curve. A nomogram integrating other clinical risk factors was established. Moreover, the relationships between the signature with somatic mutation, immune landscape and drug sensitivity were explored. RESULTS The prognostic model of 5 DDR-related lncRNAs was constructed and classified patients into two risk groups at median cut-off. The low-risk group had a better OS, and the signature was an independent prognostic indicator in HCC. A nomogram of the signature combined with TNM stage was constructed. TP53 gene was more frequently mutated in the high-risk group. Marked differences in immune cells were observed, such as CD4 + T cells, NK cells and macrophages, between the two groups. Moreover, an increase in the expression of immune checkpoint molecules was found in the high-risk group. The low-risk group presented with a significantly higher response to sorafenib or cisplatin. Finally, potential value of this signature was validated in real-world HCC patients. CONCLUSION Our findings provided a promising insight into DDR-related lncRNAs in HCC and a personalized prediction tool for prognosis and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinrong Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery & Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xiamen, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wusong Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Beili Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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19
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Chen W, Kang Y, Sheng W, Huang Q, Cheng J, Pei S, Meng Y. A new 4-gene-based prognostic model accurately predicts breast cancer prognosis and immunotherapy response by integrating WGCNA and bioinformatics analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1331841. [PMID: 38370403 PMCID: PMC10869553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1331841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BRCA) is a common malignancy in women, and its resistance to immunotherapy is a major challenge. Abnormal expression of genes is important in the occurrence and development of BRCA and may also affect the prognosis of patients. Although many BRCA prognosis model scores have been developed, they are only applicable to a limited number of disease subtypes. Our goal is to develop a new prognostic score that is more accurate and applicable to a wider range of BRCA patients. Methods BRCA patient data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database was used to identify breast cancer-related genes (BRGs). Differential expression analysis of BRGs was performed using the 'limma' package in R. Prognostic BRGs were identified using co-expression and univariate Cox analysis. A predictive model of four BRGs was established using Cox regression and the LASSO algorithm. Model performance was evaluated using K-M survival and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The predictive ability of the signature in immune microenvironment and immunotherapy was investigated. In vitro experiments validated POLQ function. Results Our study identified a four-BRG prognostic signature that outperformed conventional clinicopathological characteristics in predicting survival outcomes in BRCA patients. The signature effectively stratified BRCA patients into high- and low-risk groups and showed potential in predicting the response to immunotherapy. Notably, significant differences were observed in immune cell abundance between the two groups. In vitro experiments demonstrated that POLQ knockdown significantly reduced the viability, proliferation, and invasion capacity of MDA-MB-231 or HCC1806 cells. Conclusion Our 4-BRG signature has the potential as an independent biomarker for predicting prognosis and treatment response in BRCA patients, complementing existing clinicopathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yakun Kang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyi Sheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiyan Huang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiale Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shengbin Pei
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - You Meng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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20
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Chotiprasidhi P, Sato-Espinoza AK, Wangensteen KJ. Germline Genetic Associations for Hepatobiliary Cancers. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:623-638. [PMID: 38163482 PMCID: PMC10899027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary cancers (HBCs) include hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and gallbladder carcinoma, which originate from the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder, respectively. They are responsible for a substantial burden of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite knowledge of risk factors and advancements in therapeutics and surgical interventions, the prognosis for most patients with HBC remains bleak. There is evidence from familial aggregation and case-control studies to suggest a familial risk component in HBC susceptibility. Recent progress in genomics research has led to the identification of germline variants including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in cancer-associated genes associated with HBC risk. These findings emerged from genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing techniques such as whole-exome sequencing. Patients with other cancer types, including breast, colon, ovarian, prostate, and pancreatic cancer, are recommended by guidelines to undergo germline genetic testing, but similar recommendations are lagging in HBC. This prompts the question of whether multi-gene panel testing should be integrated into clinical guidelines for HBC management. Here, we review the hereditary genetics of HBC, explore studies investigating SNPs and P/LP variants in HBC patients, discuss the clinical implications and potential for personalized treatments and impact on patient's family members, and conclude that additional studies are needed to examine how genetic testing can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perapa Chotiprasidhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Kirk J Wangensteen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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21
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Du J, Dong Y, Zuo W, Deng Y, Zhu H, Yu Q, Li M. Mec1-Rad53 Signaling Regulates DNA Damage-Induced Autophagy and Pathogenicity in Candida albicans. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1181. [PMID: 38132782 PMCID: PMC10744610 DOI: 10.3390/jof9121181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA damage activates the DNA damage response and autophagy in C. albicans; however, the relationship between the DNA damage response and DNA damage-induced autophagy in C. albicans remains unclear. Mec1-Rad53 signaling is a critical pathway in the DNA damage response, but its role in DNA damage-induced autophagy and pathogenicity in C. albicans remains to be further explored. In this study, we compared the function of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins in DNA damage-induced autophagy and traditional macroautophagy and explored the role of Mec1-Rad53 signaling in regulating DNA damage-induced autophagy and pathogenicity. We found that core Atg proteins are required for these two types of autophagy, while the function of Atg17 is slightly different. Our results showed that Mec1-Rad53 signaling specifically regulates DNA damage-induced autophagy but has no effect on macroautophagy. The recruitment of Atg1 and Atg13 to phagophore assembly sites (PAS) was significantly inhibited in the mec1Δ/Δ and rad53Δ/Δ strains. The formation of autophagic bodies was obviously affected in the mec1Δ/Δ and rad53Δ/Δ strains. We found that DNA damage does not induce mitophagy and ER autophagy. We also identified two regulators of DNA damage-induced autophagy, Psp2 and Dcp2, which regulate DNA damage-induced autophagy by affecting the protein levels of Atg1, Atg13, Mec1, and Rad53. The deletion of Mec1 or Rad53 significantly reduces the ability of C. albicans to systematically infect mice and colonize the kidneys, and it makes C. albicans more susceptible to being killed by macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300071, China; (J.D.); (Y.D.); (W.Z.); (Y.D.); (H.Z.); (Q.Y.)
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22
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Vokes NI, Galan Cobo A, Fernandez-Chas M, Molkentine D, Treviño S, Druker V, Qian Y, Patel S, Schmidt S, Hong L, Lewis J, Rinsurongkawong W, Rinsurongkawong V, Lee JJ, Negrao MV, Gibbons DL, Vaporciyan A, Le X, Wu J, Zhang J, Rigney U, Iyer S, Dean E, Heymach JV. ATM Mutations Associate with Distinct Co-Mutational Patterns and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:4958-4972. [PMID: 37733794 PMCID: PMC10690143 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is the most frequently mutated DNA damage repair gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular correlates of ATM mutations and their clinical implications have not been fully elucidated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Clinicopathologic and genomic data from 26,587 patients with NSCLC from MD Anderson, public databases, and a de-identified nationwide (US-based) NSCLC clinicogenomic database (CGDB) were used to assess the co-mutation landscape, protein expression, and mutational processes in ATM-mutant tumors. We used the CGDB to evaluate ATM-associated outcomes in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) with or without chemotherapy, and assessed the effect of ATM loss on STING signaling and chemotherapy sensitivity in preclinical models. RESULTS Nonsynonymous mutations in ATM were observed in 11.2% of samples (2,980/26,587) and were significantly associated with mutations in KRAS, but mutually exclusive with EGFR (q < 0.1). KRAS mutational status constrained the ATM co-mutation landscape, with strong mutual exclusivity with TP53 and KEAP1 within KRAS-mutated samples. Those ATM mutations that co-occurred with TP53 were more likely to be missense mutations and associate with high mutational burden, suggestive of non-functional passenger mutations. In the CGDB cohort, dysfunctional ATM mutations associated with improved OS only in patients treated with ICI-chemotherapy, and not ICI alone. In vitro analyses demonstrated enhanced upregulation of STING signaling in ATM knockout cells with the addition of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS ATM mutations define a distinct subset of NSCLC associated with KRAS mutations, increased TMB, decreased TP53 and EGFR co-occurrence, and potential increased sensitivity to ICIs in the context of DNA-damaging chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie I. Vokes
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ana Galan Cobo
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - David Molkentine
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Santiago Treviño
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Vitaly Druker
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Qian
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sonia Patel
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephanie Schmidt
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingzhi Hong
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeff Lewis
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Waree Rinsurongkawong
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - J. Jack Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marcelo V. Negrao
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Don L. Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ara Vaporciyan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Una Rigney
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia Iyer
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Dean
- Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John V. Heymach
- Department of Thoracic and Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Wei W, Shi F, Xu Y, Jiao Y, Zhang Y, Ou Q, Wu X, Yang L, Lai J. The enrichment of Fanconi anemia/homologous recombination pathway aberrations in ATM/ATR-mutated NSCLC was accompanied by unique molecular features and poor prognosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:874. [PMID: 38041093 PMCID: PMC10690992 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATM and ATR are two critical factors to regulate DNA damage response (DDR), and their mutations were frequently observed in different types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given that the majority of identified ATM/ATR mutations were variants of uncertain significance, the clinical/molecular features of pathogenic ATM/ATR aberrations have not been comprehensively investigated in NSCLC. METHODS Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses were conducted to investigate the molecular features in 191 NSCLC patients who harbored pathogenic/likely pathogenic ATM/ATR mutations and 308 NSCLC patients who did not have any types of ATM/ATR variants. The results were validated using an external cohort of 2727 NSCLC patients (including 48 with ATM/ATR pathogenic mutations). RESULTS Most pathogenic ATM/ATR genetic alterations were frameshift and nonsense mutations that disrupt critical domains of the two proteins. ATM/ATR-mutated patients had significantly higher tumor mutational burdens (TMB; P < 0.001) and microsatellite instabilities (MSI; P = 0.023), but not chromosomal instabilities, than those without any ATM/ATR variations. In particular, KRAS mutations were significantly enriched in ATM-mutated patients (P = 0.014), whereas BRCA2 mutations (P = 0.014), TP53 mutations (P = 0.014), and ZNF703 amplification (P = 0.008) were enriched in ATR-mutated patients. Notably, patients with ATM/ATR pathogenic genetic alterations were likely to be accompanied by mutations in Fanconi anemia (FA) and homologous recombination (HR) pathways, which were confirmed using both the study (P < 0.001) and validation (P < 0.001) cohorts. Furthermore, the co-occurrence of FA/HR aberrations could contribute to increased TMB and MSI, and patients with both ATM/ATR and FA/HR mutations tended to have worse overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated the unique clinical and molecular features of pathogenic ATM/ATR mutations in NSCLC, which helps better understand the cancerous involvement of these DDR regulators, as well as directing targeted therapies and/or immunotherapies to treat ATM/ATR-mutated NSCLC, especially those with co-existing FA/HR aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuxiang Ou
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Geneseeq Research Institute, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, 210032, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyi Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 188 Shizi Street, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinhuo Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350025, Fujian, China.
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Huang X, You L, Nepovimova E, Psotka M, Malinak D, Valko M, Sivak L, Korabecny J, Heger Z, Adam V, Wu Q, Kuca K. Inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinase family (PIKK). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2237209. [PMID: 37489050 PMCID: PMC10392309 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2237209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKK) are two structurally related families of kinases that play vital roles in cell growth and DNA damage repair. Dysfunction of PIKK members and aberrant stimulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway are linked to a plethora of diseases including cancer. In recent decades, numerous inhibitors related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling have made great strides in cancer treatment, like copanlisib and sirolimus. Notably, most of the PIKK inhibitors (such as VX-970 and M3814) related to DNA damage response have also shown good efficacy in clinical trials. However, these drugs still require a suitable combination therapy to overcome drug resistance or improve antitumor activity. Based on the aforementioned facts, we summarised the efficacy of PIKK, PI3K, and AKT inhibitors in the therapy of human malignancies and the resistance mechanisms of targeted therapy, in order to provide deeper insights into cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Li You
- College of Physical Education and Health, Chongqing College of International Business and Economics, Chongqing, China
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Psotka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Valko
- Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Sivak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Qinghua Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Zhang X, Zhao Q, Wang T, Long Q, Sun Y, Jiao L, Gullerova M. DNA damage response, a double-edged sword for vascular aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 92:102137. [PMID: 38007046 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Vascular aging is a major risk factor for age-related cardiovascular diseases, which have high rates of morbidity and mortality. It is characterized by changes in the blood vessels, such as macroscopically increased vascular diameter and intima-medial thickness, chronic inflammation, vascular calcification, arterial stiffening, and atherosclerosis. DNA damage and the subsequent various DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are important causative factors of vascular aging. Deficient DDR, which may result in the accumulation of unrepaired damaged DNA or mutations, can lead to vascular aging. On the other hand, over-activation of some DDR proteins, such as poly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), also can enhance the process of vascular aging, suggesting that DDR can have both positive and negative effects on vascular aging. Despite the evidence reviewed in this paper, the role of DDR in vascular aging and potential therapeutic targets remain poorly understood and require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- M.D. Program, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China
| | - Qilin Long
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Yixin Sun
- First Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqun Jiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; China International Neuroscience Institute (China-INI), Beijing 100053, China; Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Monika Gullerova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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Chen JW, Shan TK, Wei TW, Jiang QQ, Du C, Gu LF, Yang TT, Zhou LH, Wang SB, Bao YL, Wang H, Ji Y, Xie LP, Gu AH, Sun CQ, Wang QM, Wang LS. SIRT3-dependent mitochondrial redox homeostasis mitigates CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine treatment induced cardiotoxicity in hiPSC-CMs and mice. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:3209-3226. [PMID: 37798514 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Administration of CHK1-targeted anticancer therapies is associated with an increased cumulative risk of cardiac complications, which is further amplified when combined with gemcitabine. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we generated hiPSC-CMs and murine models to elucidate the mechanisms underlying CHK1 inhibition combined with gemcitabine-induced cardiotoxicity and identify potential targets for cardioprotection. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with 25 mg/kg CHK1 inhibitor AZD7762 and 20 mg/kg gemcitabine for 3 weeks. hiPSC-CMs and NMCMs were incubated with 0.5 uM AZD7762 and 0.1 uM gemcitabine for 24 h. Both pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of CHK1 and administration of gemcitabine induced mtROS overproduction and pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes by disrupting mitochondrial respiration, ultimately causing heart atrophy and cardiac dysfunction in mice. These toxic effects were further exacerbated with combination administration. Using mitochondria-targeting sequence-directed vectors to overexpress CHK1 in cardiomyocyte (CM) mitochondria, we identified the localization of CHK1 in CM mitochondria and its crucial role in maintaining mitochondrial redox homeostasis for the first time. Mitochondrial CHK1 function loss mediated the cardiotoxicity induced by AZD7762 and CHK1-knockout. Mechanistically, mitochondrial CHK1 directly phosphorylates SIRT3 and promotes its expression within mitochondria. On the contrary, both AZD7762 or CHK1-knockout and gemcitabine decreased mitochondrial SIRT3 abundance, thus resulting in respiration dysfunction. Further hiPSC-CMs and mice experiments demonstrated that SIRT3 overexpression maintained mitochondrial function while alleviating CM pyroptosis, and thereby improving mice cardiac function. In summary, our results suggest that targeting SIRT3 could represent a novel therapeutic approach for clinical prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity induced by CHK1 inhibition and gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Kai Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Wen Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Qi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Du
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Feng Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Tong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Lin Bao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Hua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Qi Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Lapa BS, Costa MI, Figueiredo D, Jorge J, Alves R, Monteiro AR, Serambeque B, Laranjo M, Botelho MF, Carreira IM, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Gonçalves AC. AZD-7648, a DNA-PK Inhibitor, Induces DNA Damage, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle Arrest in Chronic and Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15331. [PMID: 37895013 PMCID: PMC10607085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-homologous end joining pathway is vital for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) playing a critical role. Altered DNA damage response (DDR) in chronic (CML) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) offers potential therapeutic opportunities. We studied the therapeutic potential of AZD-7648 (DNA-PK inhibitor) in CML and AML cell lines. This study used two CML (K-562 and LAMA-84) and five AML (HEL, HL-60, KG-1, NB-4, and THP-1) cell lines. DDR gene mutations were obtained from the COSMIC database. The copy number and methylation profile were evaluated using MS-MLPA and DDR genes, and telomere length using qPCR. p53 protein expression was assessed using Western Blot, chromosomal damage through cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, and γH2AX levels and DSB repair kinetics using flow cytometry. Cell density and viability were analyzed using trypan blue assay after treatment with AZD-7648 in concentrations ranging from 10 to 200 µM. Cell death, cell cycle distribution, and cell proliferation rate were assessed using flow cytometry. The cells displayed different DNA baseline damage, DDR gene expressions, mutations, genetic/epigenetic changes, and p53 expression. Only HEL cells displayed inefficient DSB repair. The LAMA-84, HEL, and KG-1 cells were the most sensitive to AZD-7648, whereas HL-60 and K-562 showed a lower effect on density and viability. Besides the reduction in cell proliferation, AZD-7648 induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA damage. In conclusion, these results suggest that AZD-7648 holds promise as a potential therapy for myeloid leukemias, however, with variations in drug sensitivity among tested cell lines, thus supporting further investigation to identify the specific factors influencing sensitivity to this DNA-PK inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Santos Lapa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Costa
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diana Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
| | - Joana Jorge
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Alves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Monteiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
| | - Beatriz Serambeque
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Marques Carreira
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Cytogenetics and Genomics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
- Hematology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), University Clinics of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.L.); (M.I.C.); (J.J.); (R.A.); (A.R.M.); (A.B.S.-R.)
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Group of Environmental Genetics of Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine (FMUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (B.S.); (I.M.C.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-061 Coimbra, Portugal
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Thapa R, Afzal O, Bhat AA, Goyal A, Alfawaz Altamimi AS, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Singh SK, Dua K, Thangavelu L, Gupta G. New horizons in lung cancer management through ATR/CHK1 pathway modulation. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1807-1818. [PMID: 37877252 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Molecular profiling has contributed to a new classification of lung cancer, driving advancements in research and therapy. The ataxia telangiectasia and rad3/checkpoint kinase 1 (ATR/CHK1) pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability, and its activation has been linked to the development of lung cancer, drug resistance and poor prognosis. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated promising results in targeting this pathway. ATR and CHK1 are proteins that collaborate to repair DNA damage caused by radiation or chemotherapy. ATR/CHK1 inhibitors are currently under investigation in preclinical and clinical trials. This article explores the ATR/CHK1 pathway and its potential for treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Thapa
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Ahmad Bhat
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
| | - Ahsas Goyal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, U.P., India
| | | | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Ultimo-NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, India
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University Dehradun, 248007, India
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González-Arzola K, Díaz-Quintana A. Mitochondrial Factors in the Cell Nucleus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13656. [PMID: 37686461 PMCID: PMC10563088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The origin of eukaryotic organisms involved the integration of mitochondria into the ancestor cell, with a massive gene transfer from the original proteobacterium to the host nucleus. Thus, mitochondrial performance relies on a mosaic of nuclear gene products from a variety of genomes. The concerted regulation of their synthesis is necessary for metabolic housekeeping and stress response. This governance involves crosstalk between mitochondrial, cytoplasmic, and nuclear factors. While anterograde and retrograde regulation preserve mitochondrial homeostasis, the mitochondria can modulate a wide set of nuclear genes in response to an extensive variety of conditions, whose response mechanisms often merge. In this review, we summarise how mitochondrial metabolites and proteins-encoded either in the nucleus or in the organelle-target the cell nucleus and exert different actions modulating gene expression and the chromatin state, or even causing DNA fragmentation in response to common stress conditions, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, unfolded protein stress, and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa—CABIMER, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas—Universidad de Sevilla—Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas—cicCartuja, Universidad de Sevilla—C.S.I.C, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Fitoz A, Yazan Z. Experimental and theoretical approaches to interactions between DNA and purine metabolism products. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 248:125961. [PMID: 37487992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a significant target for small organic and inorganic drug molecules. Understanding the DNA interaction mechanism of these molecules is vital for new drug designs. In this work, interactions between xanthine (XT), theophylline (TP), and theobromine (TB) with calf-thymus double-strained DNA (dsDNA) were monitored via an experimental and theoretical approach. Experimentally, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques were used on the surface of the NiO/MWCNT/NNaM/PGE electrochemical platform in vitro. Kinetic parameters, including diffusion coefficients, surface concentrations, and standard heterogeneous rate constants, were measured in the absence and presence of DNA using scan rate studies. In the presence of DNA, kinetic parameters were observed to be reduced significantly. Thermodynamic parameters, such as DNA binding constants and standard free Gibbs energies, were calculated for each molecule using the CV and DPV techniques. Both techniques suggested a binding affinity order of XT > TB > TP. Theoretically, density functional theory was applied for geometry optimization, natural bond orbital analyses, and molecular orbital energies of XT, TP, and TB. Experimental and theoretical binding affinities confirm each other. The most energetically stable ligand-DNA complexes expressed that XT, TP, and TB interact with dsDNA via minor groove binding mode, using mostly hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Fitoz
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06560, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yazan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06560, Turkey.
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Irie T, Sawa M. CDC7 kinase inhibitors: a survey of recent patent literature (2017-2022). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:493-501. [PMID: 37735909 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2262138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CDC7 is a serine/threonine kinase which plays an important role in DNA replication. Inhibition of CDC7 in cancer cells causes lethal S phase or M phase progression, whereas inhibition of CDC7 in normal cells does not cause cell death and only leads to cell cycle arrest at the DNA replication checkpoint. Therefore, CDC7 has been recognized as a potential target for novel therapeutic interventions in cancers. AREAS COVERED Patent literature claiming novel small molecule compounds inhibiting CDC7 disclosed from 2017 to 2022. EXPERT OPINION Despite the indisputable positive impact of CDC7 as a drug target, there have been reported only a handful of chemical scaffolds as CDC7 inhibitors. Several CDC7 inhibitors have been progressed into clinical trials for cancer treatments, but they did not result in satisfactory efficacies in those trials. One possible reason for the failure might be due to the dose-limiting toxicities, and some of the observed toxicities were thought to be not related to CDC7 inhibition, suggesting it should be important to identify novel chemical scaffolds to eliminate unwanted toxicities. Another important factor is the patient stratification that would enable greater response, and the identification of such predictive biomarkers should be the key to success for the development of CDC7 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Irie
- Drug Discovery and Development, Carna Biosciences, Inc, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaaki Sawa
- Drug Discovery and Development, Carna Biosciences, Inc, Kobe, Japan
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Duan Y, Zhuang L, Xu Y, Cheng H, Xia J, Lu T, Chen Y. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as novel ATR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106535. [PMID: 37086581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Targeting ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) kinase is being pursued as a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of advanced solid tumor with specific DNA damage response deficiency. Herein, we report a series of pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives with potent ATR inhibitory activity through structure-based drug design. Among them, the representative compound 10q exhibited excellent potency against ATR in both biochemical and cellular assays. More importantly, 10q exhibited good liver microsomes stability in different species and also showed moderate inhibitory activity against HT-29 cells in combination treatment with the ATM inhibitor AZD1390. Thus, this work provides a promising lead compound against ATR for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Duan
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Yerong Xu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jiawei Xia
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Xie D, Jiang B, Wang S, Wang Q, Wu G. The mechanism and clinical application of DNA damage repair inhibitors combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of urologic cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1200466. [PMID: 37305685 PMCID: PMC10248030 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Urologic cancers such as kidney, bladder, prostate, and uroepithelial cancers have recently become a considerable global health burden, and the response to immunotherapy is limited due to immune escape and immune resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to find appropriate and effective combination therapies to improve the sensitivity of patients to immunotherapy. DNA damage repair inhibitors can enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells by increasing tumor mutational burden and neoantigen expression, activating immune-related signaling pathways, regulating PD-L1 expression, and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment to activate the immune system and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Based on promising experimental results from preclinical studies, many clinical trials combining DNA damage repair inhibitors (e.g., PARP inhibitors and ATR inhibitors) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors) are underway in patients with urologic cancers. Results from several clinical trials have shown that the combination of DNA damage repair inhibitors with immune checkpoint inhibitors can improve objective rates, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) in patients with urologic tumors, especially in patients with defective DNA damage repair genes or a high mutational load. In this review, we present the results of preclinical and clinical trials of different DNA damage repair inhibitors in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in urologic cancers and summarize the potential mechanism of action of the combination therapy. Finally, we also discuss the challenges of dose toxicity, biomarker selection, drug tolerance, drug interactions in the treatment of urologic tumors with this combination therapy and look into the future direction of this combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qifei Wang
- *Correspondence: Guangzhen Wu, ; Qifei Wang,
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Duan Y, Cheng H, Zhuang L, Xia J, Xu Y, Zhang R, Sun R, Lu T, Chen Y. Discovery of Thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR) kinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 255:115370. [PMID: 37130473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related (ATR) kinase regulates the DNA damage response (DDR), which plays a critical role in the ATR-Chk1 signaling pathway. ATR inhibition can induce synthetic lethality (SL) with several DDR deficiencies, making it an attractive drug target for cancers with DDR defects. In this study, we developed a series of selective and potent ATR inhibitors with a thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine scaffold using a hybrid design. We identified compound 34 as a representative molecule that inhibited ATR kinase with an IC50 value of 1.5 nM and showed reduced potency against other kinases tested. Compound 34 also exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against LoVo cells and SL effects against HT-29 cells. Moreover, compound 34 demonstrated good pharmacokinetic properties, in vivo antitumor efficacy, and no obvious toxicity in the LoVo xenograft tumor model. Therefore, compound 34 is a promising lead compound for drug development to combat specific DDR deficiencies in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Duan
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Haodong Cheng
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Lili Zhuang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Jiawei Xia
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Yerong Xu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Ruyue Zhang
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- School of Sciences, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211198, PR China.
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Gillespie MS, Ward CM, Davies CC. DNA Repair and Therapeutic Strategies in Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1897. [PMID: 36980782 PMCID: PMC10047301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
First-line cancer treatments successfully eradicate the differentiated tumour mass but are comparatively ineffective against cancer stem cells (CSCs), a self-renewing subpopulation thought to be responsible for tumour initiation, metastasis, heterogeneity, and recurrence. CSCs are thus presented as the principal target for elimination during cancer treatment. However, CSCs are challenging to drug target because of numerous intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of drug resistance. One such mechanism that remains relatively understudied is the DNA damage response (DDR). CSCs are presumed to possess properties that enable enhanced DNA repair efficiency relative to their highly proliferative bulk progeny, facilitating improved repair of double-strand breaks induced by radiotherapy and most chemotherapeutics. This can occur through multiple mechanisms, including increased expression and splicing fidelity of DNA repair genes, robust activation of cell cycle checkpoints, and elevated homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Herein, we summarise the current knowledge concerning improved genome integrity in non-transformed stem cells and CSCs, discuss therapeutic opportunities within the DDR for re-sensitising CSCs to genotoxic stressors, and consider the challenges posed regarding unbiased identification of novel DDR-directed strategies in CSCs. A better understanding of the DDR mediating chemo/radioresistance mechanisms in CSCs could lead to novel therapeutic approaches, thereby enhancing treatment efficacy in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Gillespie
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Ciara M. Ward
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
| | - Clare C. Davies
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (M.S.G.)
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Solarczyk K, Kordon-Kiszala M. Let’s not take DNA breaks for granted. The importance of direct detection of DNA breaks for the successful development of DDR inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1118716. [PMID: 36968210 PMCID: PMC10034645 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful development of a drug candidate requires availability of robust methods that enable precise and quantitative assessment of the biological effects exerted by the molecule of interest. In case of DNA Damage Response inhibitors, the most proximal readout of their efficiency is the level of induced DNA damage, usually - DNA breaks. Here we review the methods that are currently used for the assessment of the level of DNA damage, with special attention to their specificity and sensitivity. We also discuss the most common problems and challenges related to the classic IF or IHC methods that indirectly report on the activation of DNA repair mechanisms as the downstream effects of occurrence of the DNA lesions. Finally, we highlight the advent of new tools, such as STRIDE, which have the potential to transform the landscape of DDR functional biomarkers.
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PD-1/PD-L1 and DNA Damage Response in Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040530. [PMID: 36831197 PMCID: PMC9954559 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of immunotherapy for cancer treatment is rapidly becoming more widespread. Immunotherapeutic agents are frequently combined with various types of treatments to obtain a more durable antitumor clinical response in patients who have developed resistance to monotherapy. Chemotherapeutic drugs that induce DNA damage and trigger DNA damage response (DDR) frequently induce an increase in the expression of the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) that can be employed by cancer cells to avoid immune surveillance. PD-L1 exposed on cancer cells can in turn be targeted to re-establish the immune-reactive tumor microenvironment, which ultimately increases the tumor's susceptibility to combined therapies. Here we review the recent advances in how the DDR regulates PD-L1 expression and point out the effect of etoposide, irinotecan, and platinum compounds on the anti-tumor immune response.
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Chen X, Wen Q, Kou L, Xie X, Li J, Li Y. Incidence and risk of hypertension associated with PARP inhibitors in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:107. [PMID: 36717798 PMCID: PMC9887889 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the incidence and risk of hypertension associated with poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in cancer patients and provide reference for clinicians. METHODS We used R software to conduct a meta-analysis of phase II/III randomized controlled trials (RCT) on PARP inhibitors for cancer treatment published in PubMed, Embase, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library and Web of Science from inception to July 29th, 2022. RESULTS We included 32 RCTs with 10,654 participants for this meta-analysis. For total PARP inhibitors, the incidence and risk ratio of all-grade hypertension were 12% and 1.22 (95% CI: 0.91-1.65, P = 0.19, I2 = 81%), and the incidence and risk ratio of grade 3-4 hypertension were 4% and 1.24 (95% CI: 0.74-2.08, P = 0.42, I2 = 68%). Compared with the control group, the niraparib group, olaparib 800 mg/day group, and olaparib plus cediranib group increased the risk of any grade and grade 3-4 hypertension, while the veliparib group and rucaparib group did not increase the risk of any grade and grade 3-4 hypertension, and olaparib 200 mg-600 mg/day group (exclude olaparib plus cediranib regime) reduced the risk of any grade and grade 3-4 hypertension. CONCLUSION Olaparib 200-600 mg/day (excluding olaparib plus cediranib regimen) may be the most suitable PARP inhibitor for cancer patients with high risk of hypertension, followed by veliparib and rucaparib. Niraparib, olaparib 800 mg/day and olaparib combined with cediranib may increase the risk of developing hypertension in cancer patients, clinicians should strengthen the monitoring of blood pressure in cancer patients and give medication in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Chen
- grid.488387.8Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China ,grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- grid.488387.8Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Liqiu Kou
- grid.488387.8Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China ,grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaolu Xie
- grid.488387.8Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China ,grid.410578.f0000 0001 1114 4286School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- grid.488387.8Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yaling Li
- grid.488387.8Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Tu JL, Wu BH, Wu HB, Wang JE, Zhang ZL, Gao KY, Zhang LX, Chen QR, Zhou YC, Tan JH, Huang ZS, Chen SB. Design, synthesis and evaluation of N3-substituted quinazolinone derivatives as potential Bloom's Syndrome protein (BLM) helicase inhibitor for sensitization treatment of colorectal cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114944. [PMID: 36459756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway is critical for repairing double-strand breaks (DSB). Inhibition of the HRR pathway is usually considered a promising strategy for anticancer therapy. The Bloom's Syndrome Protein (BLM), a DNA helicase, is essential for promoting the HRR pathway. Previously, we discovered quinazolinone derivative 9h as a potential BLM inhibitor, which suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell HCT116. Herein, a new series of quinazolinone derivatives with N3-substitution was designed and synthesized to improve the anticancer activity and explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR). After evaluating their BLM inhibitory activity, the SAR was discussed, leading to identifying compound 21 as a promising BLM inhibitor. 21 exhibited the potent BLM-dependent cytotoxicity against the CRC cells but weak against normal cells. Further evaluation revealed that 21 could disrupt the HRR level while inhibiting BLM located on the DSB site and trigger DNA damage in the CRC cells. This compound effectively suppressed the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells, along with cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Consequently, 21 might be a promising candidate for treating CRC, and the BLM might be a new potential therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Li Tu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Bi-Han Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Heng-Bo Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-En Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zi-Lin Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kun-Yu Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lu-Xuan Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qin-Rui Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying-Chen Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Heng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shuo-Bin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Li S, Wang T, Fei X, Zhang M. ATR Inhibitors in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235902. [PMID: 36497387 PMCID: PMC9740197 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC) is one of the deadliest types of epithelial ovarian cancer, and it is associated with a poor prognosis as the median overall survival (OS) is less than 12 months. Targeted therapy is a popular emerging treatment method. Several targeted therapies, including those using bevacizumab and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), have been used to treat PROC. Ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-Related Protein Kinase inhibitors (ATRi) have attracted attention as a promising class of targeted drugs that can regulate the cell cycle and influence homologous recombination (HR) repair. In recent years, many preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of ATRis in PROC. This review focuses on the anticancer mechanism of ATRis and the progress of research on ATRis for PROC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xichang Fei
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Oncology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence:
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Turchi JJ, Pawelczak KS, Weinfeld M, McHugh PJ. Editorial: Targeting DNA repair and the DNA damage response: Beyond the standard PI3 kinase-like kinases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1023500. [PMID: 36237323 PMCID: PMC9552535 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1023500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John J. Turchi
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter J. McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Targeting JWA for Cancer Therapy: Functions, Mechanisms and Drug Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194655. [PMID: 36230577 PMCID: PMC9564207 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary JWA has been identified as a potential therapeutic target for several cancers. In this review, we summarize the tumor suppressive functions of the JWA gene and its role in anti-cancer drug development. The focus is on elucidating the key regulatory proteins up and downstream of JWA and their signaling networks. We also discuss current strategies for targeting JWA (JWA peptides, small molecule agonists, and JWA-targeted Pt (IV) prodrugs). Abstract Tumor heterogeneity limits the precision treatment of targeted drugs. It is important to find new tumor targets. JWA, also known as ADP ribosylation factor-like GTPase 6 interacting protein 5 (ARL6IP5, GenBank: AF070523, 1998), is a microtubule-associated protein and an environmental response gene. Substantial evidence shows that JWA is low expressed in a variety of malignancies and is correlated with overall survival. As a tumor suppressor, JWA inhibits tumor progression by suppressing multiple oncogenes or activating tumor suppressor genes. Low levels of JWA expression in tumors have been reported to be associated with multiple aspects of cancer progression, including angiogenesis, proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance. In this review, we will discuss the structure and biological functions of JWA in tumors, examine the potential therapeutic strategies for targeting JWA and explore the directions for future investigation.
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Jia W, Zhang M, Zhu J, Shi L. Strategies for studying in vivo biochemical formation pathways and multilevel distributions of sulfanilamide metabolites in food (2012-2022). Food Chem 2022; 388:133039. [PMID: 35489175 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Sulfonamide metabolites are a major source of food pollution worldwide. However, the formation of internal sulfanilamide metabolites has only been investigated for selected compounds. In this paper, the fragmentation mechanism and characteristic ions of sulfonamide metabolites are reviewed using density functional theory and Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The result of the protonation site, rearrangement and bond breaking induced fragmentations at C6H6NO2S+m/z 156.01138, C6H6NO+m/z 108.04439, and C6H6N+m/z 92.04948. Mass shifts are calculated for derivative metabolites, including hydrogenation, acetylation, oxidation, glucosylation, glucosidation, sulfation, deamination, formylation, desulfonation and O-aminomethylation. Given their homologous series, it is demonstrated that similar metabolic reactions occur for all sulfonamides. The suspicious sulfonamide metabolites are confirmed by d-labelling experiments and reference standards. This is the first review of the latest advances in the field of sulfonamide metabolite prediction (2012-2022), and scheme design for metabolite multirresidue screening, as well as the challenges in the mass spectrometry evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jiying Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
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Ding Z, Pan W, Xiao Y, Cheng B, Huang G, Chen J. Discovery of novel 7,8-dihydropteridine-6(5H)-one-based DNA-PK inhibitors as potential anticancer agents via scaffold hopping strategy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114401. [PMID: 35468512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is an essential element in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway and has been regarded as a druggable target for antineoplastic agents. Starting from AZD-7648, a potent DNA-PK inhibitor being investigated in phase II clinical trials for advanced cancer treatment, two series of DNA-PK inhibitors were rationally designed via scaffold hopping strategy, synthesized, and assessed for their biological activity. Most compounds exhibited potent biochemical activity on DNA-PK enzymatic assay with IC50 values below 300 nM. Among these compounds, DK1 showed the best DNA-PK-inhibitory potency (IC50 = 0.8 nM), slightly better than that of AZD-7648 (IC50 = 1.58 nM). Mode of action studies revealed that compound DK1 decreased the expression levels of γH2A.X and demonstrated synergistic antiproliferative activity against a series of cancer cell lines when used in combination with doxorubicin. Moreover, DK1 showed reasonable in vitro drug-like properties and favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics as an oral drug candidate. Importantly, the combination therapy of DK1 with DNA double-strand break (DSB)-inducing agent doxorubicin showed synergistic anticancer efficacy in the HL-60 xenograft model with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 52.4% and 62.4% for tumor weight and tumor volume, respectively. In conclusion, DK1 is a novel DNA-PK inhibitor with great promise for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Ding
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519041, PR China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Nanhai People's Hospital, Foshan, Guangdong, 528200, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Wuchang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan Wuchang Hospital, Wuchang, 430063, PR China
| | - Binbin Cheng
- School of Medicine, Hubei Polytechnic University, Hubei Key Laboratory for Kidney Disease Pathogenesis and Intervention, Huangshi, 435003, PR China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Yuebei People's Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong, 51200, PR China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Zhang C, Xu H, Sui X, Chen L, Chen B, Lv H, Wang S, Wang X. Icaritin inhibits PLK1 to activate DNA damage response in NK/T cell lymphoma and increases sensitivity to GELOX regime. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:288-304. [PMID: 35663228 PMCID: PMC9127125 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a highly aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, and L-asparaginase (GELOX) is one of the first-line chemotherapy regimens of NKTCL. Yet, the prognosis of NKTCL is poor. Icaritin is an herb-derived monomer from icariin with antitumor effects. We found that icaritin induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis of NKTCL both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, icaritin inhibited the dissemination of NKTCL in vivo. RNA sequencing revealed the Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) gene and DNA damage response (DDR) as the targets of icaritin. Mechanistically, icaritin inhibited PLK1 to promote checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) homodimerization and its T387 phosphorylation, which further activated p53, leading to the activation of the DDR pathway. Moreover, inhibiting PLK1 increased Forkhead box O3a nuclear localization, the latter of which activated ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), an early sensor of DNA damage. Then ATM phosphorylated Chk2 T68 and initiated Chk2 activation. Remarkably, the combined treatment of icaritin and GELOX achieved better antitumor efficacy than single treatment in vivo. In summary, our results proved the efficacy of icaritin treating NKTCL, provided insights into its antitumor molecular mechanism, and revealed the application value of icaritin in facilitating clinical NKTCL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.,Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxian Sui
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Chen
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bobin Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Haozhen Lv
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Songmei Wang
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education & Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China
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Lopez KE, Bouchier-Hayes L. Lethal and Non-Lethal Functions of Caspases in the DNA Damage Response. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121887. [PMID: 35741016 PMCID: PMC9221191 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the caspase family are well known for their roles in the initiation and execution of cell death. Due to their function in the removal of damaged cells that could otherwise become malignant, caspases are important players in the DNA damage response (DDR), a network of pathways that prevent genomic instability. However, emerging evidence of caspases positively or negatively impacting the accumulation of DNA damage in the absence of cell death demonstrates that caspases play a role in the DDR that is independent of their role in apoptosis. This review highlights the apoptotic and non-apoptotic roles of caspases in the DDR and how they can impact genomic stability and cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla E. Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lisa Bouchier-Hayes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
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D’Orazi G, Cirone M. Interconnected Adaptive Responses: A Way Out for Cancer Cells to Avoid Cellular Demise. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112780. [PMID: 35681760 PMCID: PMC9179898 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Different from normal cells, cancer cells must hyperactivate a variety of integrated responses in order to survive their basal stress or its exacerbation caused by exposure to anti-cancer agents. As cancer cells become particularly dependent on these adaptive responses, namely UPR, DDR autophagy, anti-oxidant and heat shock responses, this turns out to be an Achille’s heel, which allows them to be selectively killed while sparing normal unstressed cells. Better knowledge of the cross-talk between these adaptive processes and their impact on the immune system is needed to design more effective anti-cancer therapies, as reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. D’Annunzio”, 66013 Chieti, Italy;
- Unit of Cellular Networks, Department of Research and Advanced Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cirone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome LA Sapienza, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Yin C, Alqahtani A, Noel MS. The Next Frontier in Pancreatic Cancer: Targeting the Tumor Immune Milieu and Molecular Pathways. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2619. [PMID: 35681599 PMCID: PMC9179513 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive cancer with abysmal prognosis. It is currently the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, despite being the 11th most common cancer. Chemotherapy is standard of care in all stages of pancreatic cancer, yet survival, particularly in the advanced stages, often remains under one year. We are turning to immunotherapies and targeted therapies in PDAC in order to directly attack the core features that make PDAC notoriously resistant to chemotherapy. While the initial studies of these agents in PDAC have generally been disappointing, we find optimism in recent preclinical and early clinical research. We find that despite the immunosuppressive effects of the PDAC tumor microenvironment, new strategies, such as combining immune checkpoint inhibitors with vaccine therapy or chemokine receptor antagonists, help elicit strong immune responses. We also expand on principles of DNA homologous recombination repair and highlight opportunities to use agents, such as PARP inhibitors, that exploit deficiencies in DNA repair pathways. Lastly, we describe advances in direct targeting of driver mutations and metabolic pathways and highlight some technological achievements such as novel KRAS inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus S. Noel
- Ruesch Center for the Cure of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA; (C.Y.); (A.A.)
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Xie B, Luo A. Nucleic Acid Sensing Pathways in DNA Repair Targeted Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:903781. [PMID: 35557952 PMCID: PMC9089908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.903781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The repair of DNA damage is a complex process, which helps to maintain genome fidelity, and the ability of cancer cells to repair therapeutically DNA damage induced by clinical treatments will affect the therapeutic efficacy. In the past decade, great success has been achieved by targeting the DNA repair network in tumors. Recent studies suggest that DNA damage impacts cellular innate and adaptive immune responses through nucleic acid-sensing pathways, which play essential roles in the efficacy of DNA repair targeted therapy. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of innate immune response triggered by DNA damage through nucleic acid-sensing pathways, including DNA sensing via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex (MRN) complex, and RNA sensing via the TLR3/7/8 and retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs). Furthermore, we will focus on the recent developments in the impacts of nucleic acid-sensing pathways on the DNA damage response (DDR). Elucidating the DDR-immune response interplay will be critical to harness immunomodulatory effects to improve the efficacy of antitumor immunity therapeutic strategies and build future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingteng Xie
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqin Luo
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biological Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing, China
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Jang SW, Kim JM. The RPA inhibitor HAMNO sensitizes Fanconi anemia pathway-deficient cells. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1468-1478. [PMID: 35506981 PMCID: PMC9278452 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2074200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) DNA repair pathway is required for DNA inter-strand crosslink (ICL) repair. Besides its role in ICL repair, FA proteins play a central role in stabilizing stalled replication forks, thereby ensuring genome integrity. We previously demonstrated that depletion of replication protein A (RPA) induces the activation of FA pathway leading to FANCD2 monoubiquitination and FANCD2 foci formation. Thus, we speculated that FA-deficient cells would be more sensitive to RPA inhibition compared to FA-proficient cells. Following treatment with RPA inhibitor HAMNO, we observed significant induction in FANCD2 monoubiquitination and foci formation as observed in RPA depletion. In addition, HAMNO treatment caused increased levels of ϒ-H2AX and S-phase accumulation in FA-deficient cells. Importantly, FA-deficient cells showed more increased sensitivity to HAMNO than FA-proficient cells. Moreover, in combination with cisplatin, HAMNO further enhanced the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in FA-deficient cells, while being less toxic against FA-proficient cells. This result suggests that RPA inhibition might be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of FA pathway-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Won Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jellanamdo, 58128, Republic of Korea
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