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Hossain MA. Targeting the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathway for cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 979:176727. [PMID: 38866361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Cancer often involves the overactivation of RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK (MAPK) and PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathways due to mutations in genes like RAS, RAF, PTEN, and PIK3CA. Various strategies are employed to address the overactivation of these pathways, among which targeted therapy emerges as a promising approach. Directly targeting specific proteins, leads to encouraging results in cancer treatment. For instance, RTK inhibitors such as imatinib and afatinib selectively target these receptors, hindering ligand binding and reducing signaling initiation. These inhibitors have shown potent efficacy against Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Other inhibitors, like lonafarnib targeting Farnesyltransferase and GGTI 2418 targeting geranylgeranyl Transferase, disrupt post-translational modifications of proteins. Additionally, inhibition of proteins like SOS, SH2 domain, and Ras demonstrate promising anti-tumor activity both in vivo and in vitro. Targeting downstream components with RAF inhibitors such as vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and sorafenib, along with MEK inhibitors like trametinib and binimetinib, has shown promising outcomes in treating cancers with BRAF-V600E mutations, including myeloma, colorectal, and thyroid cancers. Furthermore, inhibitors of PI3K (e.g., apitolisib, copanlisib), AKT (e.g., ipatasertib, perifosine), and mTOR (e.g., sirolimus, temsirolimus) exhibit promising efficacy against various cancers such as Invasive Breast Cancer, Lymphoma, Neoplasms, and Hematological malignancies. This review offers an overview of small molecule inhibitors targeting specific proteins within the RAS upstream and downstream signaling pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Arafat Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj, 8100, Bangladesh.
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2
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Guo Z, Duan Y, Sun K, Zheng T, Liu J, Xu S, Xu J. Advances in SHP2 tunnel allosteric inhibitors and bifunctional molecules. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116579. [PMID: 38889611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
SHP2 is a non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase encoded by PTPN11, which performs the functions of regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and survival through removing tyrosine phosphorylation and modulating various signaling pathways. The overexpression of SHP2 or its mutations is related to developmental diseases and several cancers. Numerous allosteric inhibitors with striking inhibitory potency against SHP2 allosteric pockets have recently been identified, and several SHP2 tunnel allosteric inhibitors have been applied in clinical trials to treat cancers. However, based on clinical results, the efficacy of single-agent treatments has been proven to be suboptimal. Most clinical trials involving SHP2 inhibitors have adopted drug combination strategies. This review briefly discusses the research progress on SHP2 allosteric inhibitors and pathway-dependent drug combination strategies for SHP2 in cancer therapy. In addition, we summarize the current bifunctional molecules of SHP2 and elaborate on the design and structural optimization strategies of these bifunctional molecules in detail, offering further direction for the research on novel SHP2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Yiping Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Tiandong Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Shengtao Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
| | - Jinyi Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Rajala A, Rajala R, Bhat MA, Eminhizer M, Hao J, Du J, Rajala RVS. Age-related retinal degeneration resulting from the deletion of Shp2 tyrosine phosphatase in photoreceptor neurons. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:577. [PMID: 39117618 PMCID: PMC11310310 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Shp2, a critical SH2-domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase, is essential for cellular regulation and implicated in metabolic disruptions, obesity, diabetes, Noonan syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, and cancers. This study focuses on Shp2 in rod photoreceptor cells, revealing its enrichment, particularly in rods. Deletion of Shp2 in rods leads to age-dependent photoreceptor degeneration. Shp2 targets occludin (OCLN), a tight junction protein, and its deletion reduces OCLN expression in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The isolation of actively translating mRNAs from rods lacking Shp2, followed by RNA sequencing, reveals alterations in cell cycle regulation. Additionally, altered retinal metabolism is observed in retinal cells lacking Shp2. Our studies indicate that Shp2 is crucial for maintaining the structure and function of photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammaji Rajala
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Rahul Rajala
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mohd A Bhat
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Mark Eminhizer
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jeff Hao
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Jianhai Du
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Raju V S Rajala
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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Zhang X, Yuan L, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Li C, Wu M, Huang Y. Liquid-liquid phase separation in diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e640. [PMID: 39006762 PMCID: PMC11245632 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), an emerging biophysical phenomenon, can sequester molecules to implement physiological and pathological functions. LLPS implements the assembly of numerous membraneless chambers, including stress granules and P-bodies, containing RNA and protein. RNA-RNA and RNA-protein interactions play a critical role in LLPS. Scaffolding proteins, through multivalent interactions and external factors, support protein-RNA interaction networks to form condensates involved in a variety of diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Modulating LLPS phenomenon in multiple pathogenic proteins for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer could present a promising direction, though recent advances in this area are limited. Here, we summarize in detail the complexity of LLPS in constructing signaling pathways and highlight the role of LLPS in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. We also explore RNA modifications on LLPS to alter diseases progression because these modifications can influence LLPS of certain proteins or the formation of stress granules, and discuss the possibility of proper manipulation of LLPS process to restore cellular homeostasis or develop therapeutic drugs for the eradication of diseases. This review attempts to discuss potential therapeutic opportunities by elaborating on the connection between LLPS, RNA modification, and their roles in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders Health Sciences Institute China Medical University Shenyang China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Qun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chunting Li
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
| | - Min Wu
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou Zhejiang China
- The Joint Research Center Affiliated Xiangshan Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Ningbo China
| | - Yongye Huang
- College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
- Key Laboratory of Bioresource Research and Development of Liaoning Province College of Life and Health Sciences Northeastern University Shenyang China
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Bhasin S, Das A. Marine alkaloid rigidin analogues as potential selective inhibitors of SHP1, a new strategy for cancer immunotherapeutics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5590-5606. [PMID: 37349914 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2227708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
SHP1 is a protein tyrosine phosphatase playing a central role in immunity, cell growth, development, and survival. The inhibition of SHP1 can help in better prognosis in various disorders like breast and ovarian cancer, melanoma, atherosclerosis, hypoxia, hypoactive immune response, and familial dysautonomia. The currently available inhibitors of SHP1 have the side effect of inhibiting the activity of SHP2, which shares >60% sequence similarity with SHP1 but has distinct biological functions. Thus, there is a need to search for novel specific inhibitors of SHP1. The current study uses a combination of virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulations, followed by PCA and MM-GBSA analysis, to screen about 35000 compounds; to predict that two rigidin analogues can potentially selectively inhibit SHP1 but not SHP2. Our studies demonstrate that these rigidin analogues are more potent at inhibiting SHP1 than the commercially available inhibitor NSC-87877. Further, cross-binding studies with SHP2 exhibited poor binding efficiency and lower stability of the complex, thus indicating a specificity of the rigidin analogues for SHP1, which is crucial in preventing side effects due to the diverse physiological functions of SHP2 in cellular signaling, proliferation, and hematopoiesis. Additionally, SHP1 is essential in mediating the inhibitory signaling in antitumor immune cells like NK and T cells. Hence, the rigidin analogues that inhibit SHP1 will potentiate the anti-tumor immune response by the release of inhibitory function of NK cells, thus driving NK activating response, in addition to their intrinsic anti-tumor function. Thus, SHP1 inhibition is a novel double-blade approach towards anti-cancer immunotherapeutics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidharth Bhasin
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Delhi, India
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Liu S, Zhao Y, Mo H, Hua X, Chen X, Wang W, Li Y, Yan J, Song J. Genetic variations in PTPN11 lead to a recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction phenotype in childhood hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00534-8. [PMID: 38936599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Left ventricular septal myotomy provides a favorable prognosis for children with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). However, some children still suffer from recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) after surgery. Poor prognosis exists for HOCM caused by PTPN11 mutation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the clinical features of recurrent obstruction in children with HOCM caused by pathogenic mutations in the PTPN11 gene. METHODS Fifty-six children who were diagnosed with HOCM underwent septal myectomies. Whole-exome sequencing of 49 pediatric cardiomyopathy-associated genes (including PTPN11) was performed. We performed hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and wheat germ agglutinin staining of those tissues positive and negative for PTPN11. RESULTS Whole-exome sequencing results showed 11 children with the PTPN11 mutation (19.6%). In long-term follow-up (median 37 months, maximum 9 years), children with the PTPN11 mutation had 6 (54.5%) recurrent LVOTOs compared with other groups (P = .015) but similar survival rates (P = .514). The mean postoperative time to recurrent obstruction was 22 ± 7 months. Children with PTPN11 mutation were 9-fold more likely to experience the risk associated with recurrent obstruction (95% confidence interval, 1.77-45.81, P < .001). Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and wheat germ agglutinin staining also revealed more cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in tissues with the PTPN11 mutation. CONCLUSIONS Children with PTPN11 mutation-associated hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a greater risk of recurrent LVOTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Han Mo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiumeng Hua
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weiteng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yijing Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiangping Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Lee S, Kim J, Ryu HH, Jang H, Lee D, Lee S, Song JM, Lee YS, Ho Suh Y. SHP2 regulates GluA2 tyrosine phosphorylation required for AMPA receptor endocytosis and mGluR-LTD. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316819121. [PMID: 38657042 PMCID: PMC11066993 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316819121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications regulate the properties and abundance of synaptic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors that mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system. During long-term depression (LTD), protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) dephosphorylate tyrosine residues in the C-terminal tail of AMPA receptor GluA2 subunit, which is essential for GluA2 endocytosis and group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent LTD. However, as a selective downstream effector of mGluRs, the mGluR-dependent PTP responsible for GluA2 tyrosine dephosphorylation remains elusive at Schaffer collateral (SC)-CA1 synapses. In the present study, we find that mGluR5 stimulation activates Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) by increasing phospho-Y542 levels in SHP2. Under steady-state conditions, SHP2 plays a protective role in stabilizing phospho-Y869 of GluA2 by directly interacting with GluA2 phosphorylated at Y869, without affecting GluA2 phospho-Y876 levels. Upon mGluR5 stimulation, SHP2 dephosphorylates GluA2 at Y869 and Y876, resulting in GluA2 endocytosis and mGluR-LTD. Our results establish SHP2 as a downstream effector of mGluR5 and indicate a dual action of SHP2 in regulating GluA2 tyrosine phosphorylation and function. Given the implications of mGluR5 and SHP2 in synaptic pathophysiology, we propose SHP2 as a promising therapeutic target for neurodevelopmental and autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Hee Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Hanbyul Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - DoEun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Seungha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Jae-man Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
- Transplantation Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul03080, South Korea
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Fasano G, Petrini S, Bonavolontà V, Paradisi G, Pedalino C, Tartaglia M, Lauri A. Assessment of the FRET-based Teen sensor to monitor ERK activation changes preceding morphological defects in a RASopathy zebrafish model and phenotypic rescue by MEK inhibitor. Mol Med 2024; 30:47. [PMID: 38594640 PMCID: PMC11005195 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RASopathies are genetic syndromes affecting development and having variable cancer predisposition. These disorders are clinically related and are caused by germline mutations affecting key players and regulators of the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway generally leading to an upregulated ERK activity. Gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in PTPN11, encoding SHP2, a cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase positively controlling RAS function, underlie approximately 50% of Noonan syndromes (NS), the most common RASopathy. A different class of these activating mutations occurs as somatic events in childhood leukemias. METHOD Here, we evaluated the application of a FRET-based zebrafish ERK reporter, Teen, and used quantitative FRET protocols to monitor non-physiological RASopathy-associated changes in ERK activation. In a multi-level experimental workflow, we tested the suitability of the Teen reporter to detect pan-embryo ERK activity correlates of morphometric alterations driven by the NS-causing Shp2D61G allele. RESULTS Spectral unmixing- and acceptor photobleaching (AB)-FRET analyses captured pathological ERK activity preceding the manifestation of quantifiable body axes defects, a morphological pillar used to test the strength of SHP2 GoF mutations. Last, the work shows that by multi-modal FRET analysis, we can quantitatively trace back the modulation of ERK phosphorylation obtained by low-dose MEK inhibitor treatment to early development, before the onset of morphological defects. CONCLUSION This work proves the usefulness of FRET imaging protocols on both live and fixed Teen ERK reporter fish to readily monitor and quantify pharmacologically- and genetically-induced ERK activity modulations in early embryos, representing a useful tool in pre-clinical applications targeting RAS-MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fasano
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Stefania Petrini
- Microscopy facility, Research laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Valeria Bonavolontà
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Graziamaria Paradisi
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
- Department for Innovation in Biological Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, 01100, Italy
| | - Catia Pedalino
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy.
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, 00146, Italy.
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9
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Fu Y, Li G, Fu X, Xing S, Zhao ZJ. RNA-Seq Analysis Reveals Altered Expression of Cell Adhesion-Related Genes Following PZR Knockout in Lung Cancer Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:2122-2136. [PMID: 37470934 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04664-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein zero related (PZR) serves as a substrate and anchor protein for SHP-2, the product of the proto-oncogene PTPN11 that is frequently mutated in cancers. The expression level of PZR is elevated in various cancers, which is correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. The role of PZR in lung cancer is not fully studied. To investigate how PZR affects signaling pathways involved in LUAD development, we utilized the CRISPR technology to knock out PZR expression in SPC-A1 lung adenocarcinoma cells and then conducted RNA sequencing to profile the transcriptome. Our results showed that 226 genes exhibited differential expressions in PZR-knockout SPC-A1 cells vs wild-type cells. Many of the genes encode proteins involved in cell adhesion, migration, actin cytoskeleton organization, and regulation of cell shape. Furthermore, our experimental data showed that PZR-knockout SPC-A1 cells displayed faster attachment to tissue culture dishes and slower detachment from the dishes upon EDTA treatment. The data suggest an important role of PZR in cell-matrix interaction and may provide new insights into the signaling events that regulate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, the Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueqi Fu
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shu Xing
- Edmond H. Fischer Signal Transduction Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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10
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Orlova A, Guseva D, Demina N, Polyakov A, Ryzhkova O. Spectrum of Mutations in PTPN11 in Russian Cohort. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:345. [PMID: 38540404 PMCID: PMC10970286 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome is a group of diseases with a similar clinical picture, consisting of 16 diseases caused by mutations in 15 genes. According to the literature, approximately half of all cases are attributed to Noonan syndrome type 1, NSML, caused by mutations in the PTPN11 gene. We analyzed 456 unrelated probands using a gene panel NGS, and in 206 cases, the cause of the disease was identified. Approximately half of the cases (107) were caused by variants in the PTPN11 gene, including three previously undescribed variants, one of which was classified as VOUS, and the other two as LP causative complex alleles. Frequent variants of the PTPN11 gene characteristics for Russian patients were identified, accounting for more than 38% (c.922A>G p.Asn308Asp, c.417G>C p.Glu139Asp, c.1403C>T p.Thr468Met) of all cases with mutations in the PTPN11 gene. A comparative characterization of frequent variants of the PTPN11 gene in different populations is shown. The most common features of Noonan syndrome in the studied sample were facial dysmorphisms and cardiovascular system abnormalities. A lower representation of patients with growth delay was observed compared to previously described samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Orlova
- SRC «Genome», Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daria Guseva
- Counselling Unit, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (N.D.)
| | - Nina Demina
- Counselling Unit, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (N.D.)
| | - Aleksander Polyakov
- DNA-Diagnostics Laboratory, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Oksana Ryzhkova
- SRC «Genome», Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
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11
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Chen X, Keller SJ, Hafner P, Alrawashdeh AY, Avery TY, Norona J, Zhou J, Ruess DA. Tyrosine phosphatase PTPN11/SHP2 in solid tumors - bull's eye for targeted therapy? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1340726. [PMID: 38504984 PMCID: PMC10948527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1340726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Encoded by PTPN11, the Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) integrates signals from various membrane-bound receptors such as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), cytokine and integrin receptors and thereby promotes cell survival and proliferation. Activating mutations in the PTPN11 gene may trigger signaling pathways leading to the development of hematological malignancies, but are rarely found in solid tumors. Yet, aberrant SHP2 expression or activation has implications in the development, progression and metastasis of many solid tumor entities. SHP2 is involved in multiple signaling cascades, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-, PI3K-AKT-, JAK-STAT- and PD-L1/PD-1- pathways. Although not mutated, activation or functional requirement of SHP2 appears to play a relevant and context-dependent dichotomous role. This mostly tumor-promoting and infrequently tumor-suppressive role exists in many cancers such as gastrointestinal tumors, pancreatic, liver and lung cancer, gynecological entities, head and neck cancers, prostate cancer, glioblastoma and melanoma. Recent studies have identified SHP2 as a potential biomarker for the prognosis of some solid tumors. Based on promising preclinical work and the advent of orally available allosteric SHP2-inhibitors early clinical trials are currently investigating SHP2-directed approaches in various solid tumors, either as a single agent or in combination regimes. We here provide a brief overview of the molecular functions of SHP2 and collate current knowledge with regard to the significance of SHP2 expression and function in different solid tumor entities, including cells in their microenvironment, immune escape and therapy resistance. In the context of the present landscape of clinical trials with allosteric SHP2-inhibitors we discuss the multitude of opportunities but also limitations of a strategy targeting this non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase for treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chen
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Steffen Johannes Keller
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Hafner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Asma Y. Alrawashdeh
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Yul Avery
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johana Norona
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jinxue Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dietrich Alexander Ruess
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Center for Surgery, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Saint-Laurent C, Mazeyrie L, Yart A, Edouard T. Novel therapeutic perspectives in Noonan syndrome and RASopathies. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1011-1019. [PMID: 37863846 PMCID: PMC10951041 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Noonan syndrome belongs to the family of RASopathies, a group of multiple congenital anomaly disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding components or regulators of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway. Collectively, all these pathogenic variants lead to increased RAS/MAPK activation. The better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the different manifestations of NS and RASopathies has led to the identification of molecular targets for specific pharmacological interventions. Many specific agents (e.g. SHP2 and MEK inhibitors) have already been developed for the treatment of RAS/MAPK-driven malignancies. In addition, other molecules with the property of modulating RAS/MAPK activation are indicated in non-malignant diseases (e.g. C-type natriuretic peptide analogues in achondroplasia or statins in hypercholesterolemia). Conclusion: Drug repositioning of these molecules represents a challenging approach to treat or prevent medical complications associated with RASopathies. What is Known: • Noonan syndrome and related disorders are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding components or regulators of the RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway, resulting in increased activation of this pathway. • This group of disorders is now known as RASopathies and represents one of the largest groups of multiple congenital anomaly diseases known. What is New: • The identification of pathophysiological mechanisms provides new insights into the development of specific therapeutic strategies, in particular treatment aimed at reducing RAS/MAPK hyperactivation. • Drug repositioning of specific agents already developed for the treatment of malignant (e.g. SHP2 and MEK inhibitors) or non-malignant diseases (e.g. C-type natriuretic peptide analogues in achondroplasia or statins in hypercholesterolaemia) represents a challenging approach to the treatment of RASopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Saint-Laurent
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale 1301, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique 5070, Toulouse, France
- Endocrine, Bone Diseases, and Genetics Unit, Reference Center for Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, FIRENDO Network, Children's Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, 330 Avenue de Grande-Bretagne TSA 70034, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Laurène Mazeyrie
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale 1301, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique 5070, Toulouse, France
| | - Armelle Yart
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale 1301, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique 5070, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas Edouard
- RESTORE Research Center, Université de Toulouse, Institut National de La Santé Et de La Recherche Médicale 1301, Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique 5070, Toulouse, France.
- Endocrine, Bone Diseases, and Genetics Unit, Reference Center for Endocrine Diseases of Growth and Development, FIRENDO Network, Children's Hospital, Toulouse University Hospital, 330 Avenue de Grande-Bretagne TSA 70034, 31059, Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
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13
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Kim SH, Bulos ML, Adams JA, Yun BK, Bishop AC. Single Ion Pair Is Essential for Stabilizing SHP2's Open Conformation. Biochemistry 2024; 63:273-281. [PMID: 38251939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Src-homology-2-domain-containing PTP-2 (SHP2) is a widely expressed signaling enzyme whose misregulation is associated with multiple human pathologies. SHP2's enzymatic activity is controlled by a conformational equilibrium between its autoinhibited ("closed") state and its activated ("open") state. Although SHP2's closed state has been extensively characterized, the putative structure of its open form has only been revealed in the context of a highly activated mutant (E76K), and no systematic studies of the biochemical determinants of SHP2's open-state stabilization have been reported. To identify amino-acid interactions that are critical for stabilizing SHP2's active state, we carried out a mutagenic study of residues that lie at potentially important interdomain interfaces of the open conformation. The open/closed equilibria of the mutants were evaluated, and we identified several interactions that contribute to the stabilization of SHP2's open state. In particular, our findings establish that an ion pair between glutamate 249 on SHP2's PTP domain and arginine 111 on an interdomain loop is the key determinant of SHP2's open-state stabilization. Mutations that disrupt the R111/E249 ion pair substantially shift SHP2's open/closed equilibrium to the closed state, even compared to wild-type SHP2's basal-state equilibrium, which strongly favors the closed state. To the best of our knowledge, the ion-pair variants uncovered in this study are the first known SHP2 mutants in which autoinhibition is augmented with respect to the wild-type protein. Such "hyperinhibited" mutants may provide useful tools for signaling studies that investigate the connections between SHP2 inhibition and the suppression of human disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean H Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry & Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Maya L Bulos
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry & Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Jennifer A Adams
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry & Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - B Koun Yun
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry & Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
| | - Anthony C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry and Program in Biochemistry & Biophysics, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States
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14
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Liu X, Li M, Chen L, Wen F, Zheng S, Ge W. High expression of SHP2 predicts a promising prognosis in colorectal cancer. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:29-35. [PMID: 38358185 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_894_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is hyper-activated in some solid tumors. Previous findings suggest that the expression of SHP2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) may be associated with prognosis. However, validation with large sample data is lacking. Materials and Methods: Tissue microarrays containing 860 CRCs and 197 mucosal tissues adjacent to the tumors were constructed. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of SHP2. Differences between SHP2 expression and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were used to analyze the relationships between SHP2 expression and the overall survival of patients. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors. Results SHP2 expression in CRCs tissues was significantly higher than those in adjacent mucosal tissues (P < 0.001). SHP2 expression was related to tumor differentiation, depth of invasion, distant metastasis, vascular tumor thrombus, lymph node metastasis, and TNM classification (P < 0.05). The prognosis of the high-expression group of SHP2 was significantly better than that of the low-expression group (P = 0.008). Univariate analysis showed that the expression of SHP2 was a prognostic factor for CRC (P = 0.008). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that SHP2 remained an independent prognostic factor for CRC (P = 0.033). Conclusion The expression of SHP2 was significantly higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. High expression of SHP2 was associated with a promising outcome, suggesting that SHP2 may be a favorable prognostic indicator of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibo Liu
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Pathology, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lirong Chen
- Department of Pathology, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fei Wen
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiting Ge
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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15
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Wu C, Zheng P, Ma L, Xu C, Hu L, Yang Z, Fei F, Shen Z, Zhang X, Wu Z, Cheng H, Mao W, Ke Y. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2 in Macrophages Acts as an Antiatherosclerotic Regulator in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:202-217. [PMID: 37942607 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages have versatile roles in atherosclerosis. SHP2 (Src homology 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating macrophage activation. However, the mechanism of SHP2 regulation of macrophage function in an atherosclerotic microenvironment remains unknown. METHODS APOE (apolipoprotein E) or LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) null mice treated with SHP099 were fed a Western diet for 8 weeks, while Shp2MKO:ApoE-/- or Shp2MKO:Ldlr-/- mice and exo-AAV8-SHP2E76K/ApoE-/- mice were fed a Western diet for 12 weeks. In vitro, levels of proinflammatory factors and phagocytic function were then studied in mouse peritoneal macrophages. RNA sequencing was used to identify PPARγ (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor γ) as the key downstream molecule. A PPARγ agonist was used to rescue the phenotypes observed in SHP2-deleted mice. RESULTS Pharmacological inhibition and selective deletion in macrophages of SHP2 aggravated atherosclerosis in APOE and LDLR null mice with increased plaque macrophages and apoptotic cells. In vitro, SHP2 deficiency in APOE and LDLR null macrophages enhanced proinflammatory polarization and its efferocytosis was dramatically impaired. Conversely, the expression of gain-of-function mutation of SHP2 in mouse macrophages reduced atherosclerosis. The SHP2 agonist lovastatin repressesed macrophage inflammatory activation and enhanced efferocytosis. Mechanistically, RNA sequencing analysis identified PPARγ as a key downstream transcription factor. PPARγ was decreased in macrophages upon SHP2 deletion and inhibition. Importantly, PPARγ agonist decreased atherosclerosis in SHP2 knockout mice, restored efferocytotic defects, and reduced inflammatory activation in SHP2 deleted macrophages. PPARγ was decreased by the ubiquitin-mediated degradation upon SHP2 inhibition or deletion. Finally, we found that SHP2 was downregulated in atherosclerotic vessels. CONCLUSIONS Overall, SHP2 in macrophages was found to act as an antiatherosclerotic regulator by stabilizing PPARγ in APOE/LDLR null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China (C.W., L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.W., L.H., W.M.)
| | - Peiyao Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, China (L.M.)
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luoxia Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China (C.W., L.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Chinese and Western Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China (C.W., L.H., W.M.)
| | - Zhiyi Yang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Fei
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China (F.F.)
| | - Zhuxia Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, China (Z.S.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziheng Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.W.)
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (P.Z., C.X., Z.Y., H.C.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital (W.M.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (X.Z., Y.K.), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Bishop AC, Serbina A. Targeting Nonconserved and Pathogenic Cysteines of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases with Small Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2743:271-283. [PMID: 38147221 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3569-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important therapeutic targets for a range of human pathologies. However, the common architecture of PTP active sites impedes the discovery of selective PTP inhibitors. Our laboratory has recently developed methods to inhibit PTPs allosterically by targeting cysteine residues that either (i) are not conserved in the PTP family or (ii) result from pathogenic mutations. Here, we describe screening protocols for the identification of selective inhibitors that covalently engage such "rare" cysteines in target PTPs. Moreover, to elucidate the breadth of possible applications of our cysteine-directed screening protocols, we provide a brief overview of the nonconserved cysteines present in all human classical PTP domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Serbina
- Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA
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17
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Anselmi M, Hub JS. Atomistic ensemble of active SHP2 phosphatase. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1289. [PMID: 38129686 PMCID: PMC10739809 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05682-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
SHP2 phosphatase plays an important role in regulating several intracellular signaling pathways. Pathogenic mutations of SHP2 cause developmental disorders and are linked to hematological malignancies and cancer. SHP2 comprises two tandemly-arranged SH2 domains, a catalytic PTP domain, and a disordered C-terminal tail. Under physiological, non-stimulating conditions, the catalytic site of PTP is occluded by the N-SH2 domain, so that the basal activity of SHP2 is low. Whereas the autoinhibited structure of SHP2 has been known for two decades, its active, open structure still represents a conundrum. Since the oncogenic mutant SHP2E76K almost completely populates the active, open state, this mutant has been extensively studied as a model for activated SHP2. By molecular dynamics simulations and accurate explicit-solvent SAXS curve predictions, we present the heterogeneous atomistic ensemble of constitutively active SHP2E76K in solution, encompassing a set of conformational arrangements and radii of gyration in agreement with experimental SAXS data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Anselmi
- Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | - Jochen S Hub
- Theoretical Physics and Center for Biophysics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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18
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Yi JS, Perla S, Bennett AM. An Assessment of the Therapeutic Landscape for the Treatment of Heart Disease in the RASopathies. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1193-1204. [PMID: 35156148 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls a plethora of developmental and post-developmental processes. It is now clear that mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway cause developmental diseases collectively referred to as the RASopathies. The RASopathies include Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Costello syndrome. RASopathy patients exhibit a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHD), such as valvular abnormalities and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Since the cardiovascular defects are the most serious and recurrent cause of mortality in RASopathy patients, it is critical to understand the pathological signaling mechanisms that drive the disease. Therapies for the treatment of HCM and other RASopathy-associated comorbidities have yet to be fully realized. Recent developments have shown promise for the use of repurposed antineoplastic drugs that target the RAS-MAPK pathway for the treatment of RASopathy-associated HCM. However, given the impact of the RAS-MAPK pathway in post-developmental physiology, establishing safety and evaluating risk when treating children will be paramount. As such insight provided by preclinical and clinical information will be critical. This review will highlight the cardiovascular manifestations caused by the RASopathies and will discuss the emerging therapies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Zhao S, Mekbib KY, van der Ent MA, Allington G, Prendergast A, Chau JE, Smith H, Shohfi J, Ocken J, Duran D, Furey CG, Hao LT, Duy PQ, Reeves BC, Zhang J, Nelson-Williams C, Chen D, Li B, Nottoli T, Bai S, Rolle M, Zeng X, Dong W, Fu PY, Wang YC, Mane S, Piwowarczyk P, Fehnel KP, See AP, Iskandar BJ, Aagaard-Kienitz B, Moyer QJ, Dennis E, Kiziltug E, Kundishora AJ, DeSpenza T, Greenberg ABW, Kidanemariam SM, Hale AT, Johnston JM, Jackson EM, Storm PB, Lang SS, Butler WE, Carter BS, Chapman P, Stapleton CJ, Patel AB, Rodesch G, Smajda S, Berenstein A, Barak T, Erson-Omay EZ, Zhao H, Moreno-De-Luca A, Proctor MR, Smith ER, Orbach DB, Alper SL, Nicoli S, Boggon TJ, Lifton RP, Gunel M, King PD, Jin SC, Kahle KT. Mutation of key signaling regulators of cerebrovascular development in vein of Galen malformations. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7452. [PMID: 37978175 PMCID: PMC10656524 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and most severe of congenital brain arteriovenous malformations, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP (RASA1) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (2042.5-fold, p = 4.79 x 10-7). Rare, damaging transmitted variants were enriched in Ephrin receptor-B4 (EPHB4) (17.5-fold, p = 1.22 x 10-5), which cooperates with p120 RasGAP to regulate vascular development. Additional probands had damaging variants in ACVRL1, NOTCH1, ITGB1, and PTPN11. ACVRL1 variants were also identified in a multi-generational VOGM pedigree. Integrative genomic analysis defined developing endothelial cells as a likely spatio-temporal locus of VOGM pathophysiology. Mice expressing a VOGM-specific EPHB4 kinase-domain missense variant (Phe867Leu) exhibited disrupted developmental angiogenesis and impaired hierarchical development of arterial-capillary-venous networks, but only in the presence of a "second-hit" allele. These results illuminate human arterio-venous development and VOGM pathobiology and have implications for patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kedous Y Mekbib
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martijn A van der Ent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Garrett Allington
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Prendergast
- Yale Zebrafish Research Core, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jocelyn E Chau
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hannah Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - John Shohfi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jack Ocken
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Duran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Charuta G Furey
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Le Thi Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phan Q Duy
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Reeves
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Di Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Boyang Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Timothy Nottoli
- Yale Genome Editing Center, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Suxia Bai
- Yale Genome Editing Center, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Myron Rolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xue Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weilai Dong
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Po-Ying Fu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yung-Chun Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paulina Piwowarczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katie Pricola Fehnel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alfred Pokmeng See
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bermans J Iskandar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Beverly Aagaard-Kienitz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Quentin J Moyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evan Dennis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emre Kiziltug
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam J Kundishora
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tyrone DeSpenza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ana B W Greenberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Andrew T Hale
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - James M Johnston
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Eric M Jackson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shih-Shan Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William E Butler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bob S Carter
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Chapman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J Stapleton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aman B Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georges Rodesch
- Service de Neuroradiologie Diagnostique et Thérapeutique, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Smajda
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Hôpital Fondation A. de Rothschild, Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Berenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tanyeri Barak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andres Moreno-De-Luca
- Department of Radiology, Autism & Developmental Medicine Institute, Genomic Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Mark R Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darren B Orbach
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurointerventional Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Cardiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard P Lifton
- Laboratory of Human Genetics and Genomics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murat Gunel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip D King
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, US.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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20
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Tojjari A, Saeed A, Sadeghipour A, Kurzrock R, Cavalcante L. Overcoming Immune Checkpoint Therapy Resistance with SHP2 Inhibition in Cancer and Immune Cells: A Review of the Literature and Novel Combinatorial Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5384. [PMID: 38001644 PMCID: PMC10670368 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SHP2 (Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing Phosphatase 2) is a protein tyrosine phosphatase widely expressed in various cell types. SHP2 plays a crucial role in different cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Aberrant activation of SHP2 has been implicated in multiple human cancers and is considered a promising therapeutic target for treating these malignancies. The PTPN11 gene and functions encode SHP2 as a critical signal transduction regulator that interacts with key signaling molecules in both the RAS/ERK and PD-1/PD-L1 pathways; SHP2 is also implicated in T-cell signaling. SHP2 may be inhibited by molecules that cause allosteric (bind to sites other than the active site and attenuate activation) or orthosteric (bind to the active site and stop activation) inhibition or via potent SHP2 degraders. These inhibitors have anti-proliferative effects in cancer cells and suppress tumor growth in preclinical models. In addition, several SHP2 inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for cancer treatment. This review aims to provide an overview of the current research on SHP2 inhibitors, including their mechanism of action, structure-activity relationships, and clinical development, focusing on immune modulation effects and novel therapeutic strategies in the immune-oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Tojjari
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Anwaar Saeed
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Arezoo Sadeghipour
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-175, Iran
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, Genome Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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21
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He Y, Nan D, Wang H. Role of Non-Receptor-Type Tyrosine Phosphatases in Brain-Related Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6530-6541. [PMID: 37458988 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase is a class of enzymes that catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosines in protein molecules. They are involved in cellular signaling by regulating the phosphorylation status of a variety of receptors and signaling molecules within the cell, thereby influencing cellular physiological and pathological processes. In this article, we detail multiple non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase and non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase genes involved in the pathological process of brain disease. These include PTPN6, PTPN11, and PTPN13, which are involved in glioma signaling; PTPN1, PTPN5, and PTPN13, which are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease Tau protein lesions, PTPN23, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of Epilepsy and PTPN1, which is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The role of mitochondrial tyrosine phosphatase in brain diseases was also discussed. Non-receptor tyrosine phosphatases have great potential for targeted therapies in brain diseases and are highly promising research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Ding Nan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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22
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Kaneko K, Liang Y, Liu Q, Zhang S, Scheiter A, Song D, Feng GS. Identification of CD133 + intercellsomes in intercellular communication to offset intracellular signal deficit. eLife 2023; 12:RP86824. [PMID: 37846866 PMCID: PMC10581692 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
CD133 (prominin 1) is widely viewed as a cancer stem cell marker in association with drug resistance and cancer recurrence. Herein, we report that with impaired RTK-Shp2-Ras-Erk signaling, heterogenous hepatocytes form clusters that manage to divide during mouse liver regeneration. These hepatocytes are characterized by upregulated CD133 while negative for other progenitor cell markers. Pharmaceutical inhibition of proliferative signaling also induced CD133 expression in various cancer cell types from multiple animal species, suggesting an inherent and common mechanism of stress response. Super-resolution and electron microscopy localize CD133 on intracellular vesicles that apparently migrate between cells, which we name 'intercellsome.' Isolated CD133+ intercellsomes are enriched with mRNAs rather than miRNAs. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals lower intracellular diversity (entropy) of mitogenic mRNAs in Shp2-deficient cells, which may be remedied by intercellular mRNA exchanges between CD133+ cells. CD133-deficient cells are more sensitive to proliferative signal inhibition in livers and intestinal organoids. These data suggest a mechanism of intercellular communication to compensate for intracellular signal deficit in various cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kaneko
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Alexander Scheiter
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Institute of Pathology, University of RegensburgRegensburgGermany
| | - Dan Song
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, Department of Molecular Biology, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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23
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Ou Y, Yuan JC, Zheng Y, Zhang JM, He T, Liang Z, Zhou YK. Case report: Noonan syndrome with protein-losing enteropathy. Front Genet 2023; 14:1237821. [PMID: 37829277 PMCID: PMC10565653 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1237821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Noonan syndrome (NS) is characterized by typical facial features, short stature, congenital heart defects and other comorbidities. Lymphedema and chylous pleural effusions are also common in NS, but protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) is rarely reported. Case presentation: We present the case of a 19-year-old Chinese woman presenting with PLE. Small intestine biopsy showed obvious expansion of lymphatic vessels. The gene mutation results of the patient indicated a c.184T>G missense mutation (p.Tyr62Asp) in the PTPN11 gene (NM_002834.3). Conclusion: NS accompanied by PLE is not common, but hypoproteinemia attributable to PLE may be more common in patients with NS than previously thought. It remains uncertain whether mutation of the PTPN11 gene is related to PLE, indicating that further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Kunhua Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jun-Chao Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Kunhua Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Kunhua Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jin-Man Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Kunhua Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tian He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Kunhua Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhi Liang
- Department of Information Center, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Kunhua Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yi-Kun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Kunhua Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
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24
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Zhang M, Zhang J, Wang D, Liu Z, Xing K, Wang Y, Jiao M, Wang Y, Shi B, Zhang H, Zhang Y. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 improves the developmental potential of bovine oocytes by activating SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 during maturation†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:282-298. [PMID: 37498179 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro maturation of mammalian oocytes is an important means in assisted reproductive technology. Most bovine immature oocytes complete nuclear maturation, but less than half develop to the blastocyst stage after fertilization. Thus, inefficient in vitro production is mainly caused by a suboptimal in vitro culture process, in which oocyte quality appears to be the limiting factor. In our study, a potential maternal regulator, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12, was identified by analyzing transcriptome data. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 supplementation promoted the developmental potential of oocytes by improving protein synthesis and reorganizing cortical granules and mitochondria during in vitro maturation, which eventually increased blastocyst formation efficiency and cell number after parthenogenesis, fertilization, and cloning. All these promoting effects by C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 were achieved by activating SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2, thereby promoting the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. These findings provide an in vitro maturation system that closely resembles the maternal environment to provide high-quality oocytes for in vitro production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Debao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kangning Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mei Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hexu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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25
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Zou Y, Zheng H, Ning Y, Yang Y, Wen Q, Fan S. New insights into the important roles of phase seperation in the targeted therapy of lung cancer. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:150. [PMID: 37580790 PMCID: PMC10426191 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01101-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease characterized by abnormal growth and proliferation of lung cells. It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, accounting for approximately 18% of all cancer deaths. In recent years, targeted therapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat lung cancer, which involves the use of drugs that selectively target specific molecules or signaling pathways that are critical for the growth and survival of cancer cells. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a fundamental biological process that occurs when proteins and other biomolecules separate into distinct liquid phases in cells. LLPS is essential for various cellular functions, including the formation of membraneless organelles, the regulation of gene expression, and the response to stress and other stimuli. Recent studies have shown that LLPS plays a crucial role in targeted therapy of lung cancer, including the sequestration of oncogenic proteins and the development of LLPS-based drug delivery systems. Understanding the mechanisms of LLPS in these processes could provide insights into new therapeutic strategies to overcome drug resistance in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Ning
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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26
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Tsubata T. Siglec cis-ligands and their roles in the immune system. Glycobiology 2023; 33:532-544. [PMID: 37154567 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are a family of membrane molecules primarily expressed in immune cells. Most of them are inhibitory receptors containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs in the cytoplasmic tail. On the cell surface, sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are mostly bound by sialylated glycans on membrane molecules expressed in the same cell (cis-ligands). Although ligands of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins are not efficiently identified by conventional methods such as immunoprecipitation, in situ labeling including proximity labeling is useful in identifying both cis-ligands and the sialylated ligands expressed by other cells (trans-ligands) of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. Interaction of the inhibitory sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins with cis-ligands including both those with and without signaling function modulates the inhibitory activity of sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins by multiple different ways. This interaction also modulates signaling function of the cis-ligands. So far, little is known about the role of the interaction between sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins and the cis-ligands. Nonetheless, recent studies showed that the inhibitory activity of CD22 (also known as Siglec-2) is regulated by endogenous ligands, most likely cis-ligands, differentially in resting B cells and those in which B-cell antigen receptor is ligated. This differential regulation plays a role in quality control of signaling-competent B cells and also partial restoration of B-cell antigen receptor signaling in immunodeficient B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tsubata
- Department of Pathology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo 101-8310, Japan
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27
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Zhang S, Pei G, Li B, Li P, Lin Y. Abnormal phase separation of biomacromolecules in human diseases. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1133-1152. [PMID: 37475546 PMCID: PMC10423695 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane-less organelles (MLOs) formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) are associated with numerous important biological functions, but the abnormal phase separation will also dysregulate the physiological processes. Emerging evidence points to the importance of LLPS in human health and diseases. Nevertheless, despite recent advancements, our knowledge of the molecular relationship between LLPS and diseases is frequently incomplete. In this review, we outline our current understanding about how aberrant LLPS affects developmental disorders, tandem repeat disorders, cancers and viral infection. We also examine disease mechanisms driven by aberrant condensates, and highlight potential treatment approaches. This study seeks to expand our understanding of LLPS by providing a valuable new paradigm for understanding phase separation and human disorders, as well as to further translate our current knowledge regarding LLPS into therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Gaofeng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Boya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Pilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- Frontier Research Center for Biological StructureTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyTsinghua University-Peking University Joint Centre for Life SciencesSchool of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research at Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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28
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He C, Peng Z, Zhang D, Guo Y, Liang T, Zhao Y, Yu L, Zhang Q, Chang Z, Xiao Y, Li N, Xue H, Wu S, Zhao ZJ, Zhang C, Chen Y. Sunitinib selectively targets leukemogenic signaling of mutant SHP2 in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115588. [PMID: 37187274 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Leukemogenic SHP2 mutations occur in 35% of patients with juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), a hematopoietic malignancy with poor response to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently needed for patients with JMML. Previously, we established a novel cell model of JMML with HCD-57, a murine erythroleukemia cell line that depends on EPO for survival. SHP2-D61Y or -E76K drove the survival and proliferation of HCD-57 in absence of EPO. In this study, we identified sunitinib as a potent compound to inhibit SHP2-mutant cells by screening a kinase inhibitor library with our model. We used cell viability assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, immunoblotting, and a xenograft model to evaluate the effect of sunitinib against SHP2-mutant leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. The treatment of sunitinib selectively induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in mutant SHP2-transformed HCD-57, but not parental cells. It also inhibited cell viability and colony formation of primary JMML cells with mutant SHP2, but not bone marrow mononuclear cells from healthy donors. Immunoblotting showed that the treatment of sunitinib blocked the aberrantly activated signals of mutant SHP2 with deceased phosphorylation levels of SHP2, ERK, and AKT. Furthermore, sunitinib effectively reduced tumor burdens of immune-deficient mice engrafted with mutant-SHP2 transformed HCD-57. Our data demonstrated that sunitinib selectively inhibited SHP2-mutant leukemia cells, which could serve as an effective therapeutic strategy for SHP2-mutant JMML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao He
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Nanfang-Chunfu Children's Institute of Hematology, Taixin Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Dengyang Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Guo
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianqi Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liuting Yu
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiguang Chang
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Xiao
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Li
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongman Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shunjie Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhizhuang Joe Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Edmond H. Fischer Translational Medical Research Laboratory, Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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Berry MA, Bland AR, Ashton JC. Mechanisms of synergistic suppression of ALK-positive lung cancer cell growth by the combination of ALK and SHP2 inhibitors. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10041. [PMID: 37339995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Alectinib is the first line of treatment for patients with ALK-positive lung cancer, but the survival rate beyond 2-3 years is low. Co-targeting secondary oncogenic drivers such as SHP2 is a potential strategy for improving drug efficacy. This is because SHP2 is expressed ubiquitously, but ALK expression is largely restricted to cancer cells. Thus, the combination of ALK and SHP2 inhibitors may provide a way to restrict synergistic cytotoxicity to cancer cells only, by reducing the dose of SHP2 inhibitors required for anticancer action and minimising SHP2-dependent systemic toxicity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the combination of a SHP2 inhibitor (SHP099) with alectinib would synergistically suppress the growth of ALK-positive lung cancer cells. Our results demonstrated that the drug combination significantly and synergistically decreased cell viability at relatively low concentrations in ALK-positive H3122 and H2228 cells, due to G1 cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis because of suppressed downstream RAS/MAPK signalling. The drug combination also induced the expression of mediators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, Bim and cleaved caspase-3, and modulated the expression of cell cycle mediators cyclin D1, cyclin B1, and phosphorylated CDK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Berry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - A R Bland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J C Ashton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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30
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Seo SU, Woo SM, Kwon TK. Cathepsin K inhibition induces Raptor destabilization and mitochondrial dysfunction via Syk/SHP2/Src/OTUB1 axis-mediated signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:366. [PMID: 37330581 PMCID: PMC10276854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05884-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The Raptor signaling pathway is a critical point of intervention in the invasion and progression of cancer. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase Src-mediated phosphorylation of OTUB1-Y26 plays a critical role in Raptor stabilization, whereas cathepsin K inhibitor (odanacatib; ODN) and knockdown (siRNA) induce Raptor destabilization. However, the mechanisms involved in cathepsin K inhibition-induced OTUB1-Y26 phosphorylation in Raptor stabilization have not been yet elucidated. This study showed that cathepsin K inhibition activates SHP2, a tyrosine phosphatase, that dephosphorylates OTUB1 and destabilizes Raptor, whereas SHP2 deletion and pharmacological inhibition increase OTUB1-Y26 phosphorylation and Raptor expression. SHP2 deletion also led to the inhibition of ODN-induced mitochondrial ROS, fusion, and dysfunction. Furthermore, cathepsin K inhibition phosphorylated spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) at Y525 and Y526, resulting in the SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation of OTUB1-Y26. Collectively, our findings identified Syk not only as an upstream tyrosine kinase required for SHP2 activation but also showed a critical mechanism that regulates ODN-induced Raptor downregulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In conclusion, Syk/SHP2/Src/OTUB1 axis-mediated signaling can act as a therapeutic target in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, South Korea.
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31
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Cao L, Ai Y, Dong Y, Li D, Wang H, Sun K, Wang C, Zhang M, Yan D, Li H, Liang G, Yang B. Bioinformatics analysis reveals the landscape of immune cell infiltration and novel immune-related biomarkers in moyamoya disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1101612. [PMID: 37265961 PMCID: PMC10230076 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to identify immune infiltration characteristics and new immunological diagnostic biomarkers in the cerebrovascular tissue of moyamoya disease (MMD) using bioinformatics analysis. Methods: GSE189993 and GSE141022 were downloaded from the GEO database. Differentially expressed gene and PPI analysis were performed. After performing WGCNA, the most significant module associated with MMD was obtained. Next, functional pathways according to GSEA, GO, and KEGG were enriched for the aforementioned core genes obtained from PPI and WGCNA. Additionally, immune infiltration, using the CIBERSORT deconvolution algorithm, immune-related biomarkers, and the relationship between these genes, was further explored. Finally, diagnostic accuracy was verified with ROC curves in the validation dataset GSE157628. Results: A total of 348 DEGs were screened, including 89 downregulated and 259 upregulated genes. The thistlel module was detected as the most significant module associated with MMD. Functional analysis of the core genes was chiefly involved in the immune response, immune system process, protein tyrosine kinase activity, secretory granule, and so on. Among 13 immune-related overlapping genes, 4 genes (BTK, FGR, PTPN11, and SYK) were identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers, where PTPN11 showed the highest specificity and sensitivity. Meanwhile, a higher proportion of eosinophils, not T cells or B cells, was demonstrated in the specific immune infiltration landscape of MMD. Conclusion: Immune activities and immune cells were actively involved in the progression of MMD. BTK, FGR, PTPN11, and SYK were identified as potential immune diagnostic biomarkers. These immune-related genes and cells may provide novel insights for immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunzheng Ai
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongpeng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiwen Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenchao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Manxia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongming Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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32
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Welsh CL, Allen S, Madan LK. Setting sail: Maneuvering SHP2 activity and its effects in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 2023; 160:17-60. [PMID: 37704288 PMCID: PMC10500121 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of tyrosine phosphorylation being a critical modulator of cancer signaling, proteins regulating phosphotyrosine levels in cells have fast become targets of therapeutic intervention. The nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) coded by the PTPN11 gene "SHP2" integrates phosphotyrosine signaling from growth factor receptors into the RAS/RAF/ERK pathway and is centrally positioned in processes regulating cell development and oncogenic transformation. Dysregulation of SHP2 expression or activity is linked to tumorigenesis and developmental defects. Even as a compelling anti-cancer target, SHP2 was considered "undruggable" for a long time owing to its conserved catalytic PTP domain that evaded drug development. Recently, SHP2 has risen from the "undruggable curse" with the discovery of small molecules that manipulate its intrinsic allostery for effective inhibition. SHP2's unique domain arrangement and conformation(s) allow for a truly novel paradigm of inhibitor development relying on skillful targeting of noncatalytic sites on proteins. In this review we summarize the biological functions, signaling properties, structural attributes, allostery and inhibitors of SHP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin L Welsh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sarah Allen
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Lalima K Madan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States.
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Jensen NR, Kelly RR, Kelly KD, Khoo SK, Sidles SJ, LaRue AC. From Stem to Sternum: The Role of Shp2 in the Skeleton. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 112:403-421. [PMID: 36422682 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Src homology-2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that is vital for skeletal development and maintenance of chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Study of SHP2 function in small animal models has led to insights in phenotypes observed in SHP2-mutant human disease, such as Noonan syndrome. In recent years, allosteric SHP2 inhibitors have been developed to specifically target the protein in neoplastic processes. These inhibitors are highly specific and have great potential for disease modulation in cancer and other pathologies, including bone disorders. In this review, we discuss the importance of SHP2 and related signaling pathways (e.g., Ras/MEK/ERK, JAK/STAT, PI3K/Akt) in skeletal development. We review rodent models of pathologic processes caused by germline mutations that activate SHP2 enzymatic activity, with a focus on the skeletal phenotype seen in these patients. Finally, we discuss SHP2 inhibitors in development and their potential for disease modulation in these genetic diseases, particularly as it relates to the skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel R Jensen
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan R Kelly
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kirsten D Kelly
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Stephanie K Khoo
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sara J Sidles
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Amanda C LaRue
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Health Care System, Research Service, Charleston, SC, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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34
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Zhao S, Mekbib KY, van der Ent MA, Allington G, Prendergast A, Chau JE, Smith H, Shohfi J, Ocken J, Duran D, Furey CG, Le HT, Duy PQ, Reeves BC, Zhang J, Nelson-Williams C, Chen D, Li B, Nottoli T, Bai S, Rolle M, Zeng X, Dong W, Fu PY, Wang YC, Mane S, Piwowarczyk P, Fehnel KP, See AP, Iskandar BJ, Aagaard-Kienitz B, Kundishora AJ, DeSpenza T, Greenberg ABW, Kidanemariam SM, Hale AT, Johnston JM, Jackson EM, Storm PB, Lang SS, Butler WE, Carter BS, Chapman P, Stapleton CJ, Patel AB, Rodesch G, Smajda S, Berenstein A, Barak T, Erson-Omay EZ, Zhao H, Moreno-De-Luca A, Proctor MR, Smith ER, Orbach DB, Alper SL, Nicoli S, Boggon TJ, Lifton RP, Gunel M, King PD, Jin SC, Kahle KT. Genetic dysregulation of an endothelial Ras signaling network in vein of Galen malformations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.18.532837. [PMID: 36993588 PMCID: PMC10055230 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.18.532837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and severe congenital brain arteriovenous malformation, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP ( RASA1 ) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (p=4.79×10 -7 ). Rare, damaging transmitted variants were enriched in Ephrin receptor-B4 ( EPHB4 ) (p=1.22×10 -5 ), which cooperates with p120 RasGAP to limit Ras activation. Other probands had pathogenic variants in ACVRL1 , NOTCH1 , ITGB1 , and PTPN11 . ACVRL1 variants were also identified in a multi-generational VOGM pedigree. Integrative genomics defined developing endothelial cells as a key spatio-temporal locus of VOGM pathophysiology. Mice expressing a VOGM-specific EPHB4 kinase-domain missense variant exhibited constitutive endothelial Ras/ERK/MAPK activation and impaired hierarchical development of angiogenesis-regulated arterial-capillary-venous networks, but only when carrying a "second-hit" allele. These results illuminate human arterio-venous development and VOGM pathobiology and have clinical implications.
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35
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Zhang Y, Qi J, Zhao J, Li M, Zhang Y, Hu H, Wei L, Zhou K, Qin H, Qu P, Cao W, Liu E. Effect of Dietetic Obesity on Testicular Transcriptome in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030557. [PMID: 36980830 PMCID: PMC10048326 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disorder resulting from behavioral, environmental and heritable causes, and can have a negative impact on male reproduction. There have been few experiments in mice, rats, and rabbits on the effects of obesity on reproduction, which has inhibited the development of better treatments for male subfertility caused by obesity. Nonhuman primates are most similar to human beings in anatomy, physiology, metabolism, and biochemistry and are appropriate subjects for obesity studies. In this investigation, we conducted a transcriptome analysis of the testes of cynomolgus monkeys on high-fat, high-fructose, and cholesterol-rich diets to determine the effect of obesity on gene expression in testes. The results showed that the testes of obese monkeys had abnormal morphology, and their testes transcriptome was significantly different from that of non-obese animals. We identified 507 differentially abundant genes (adjusted p value < 0.01, log2 [FC] > 2) including 163 up-regulated and 344 down-regulated genes. Among the differentially abundant genes were ten regulatory genes, including IRF1, IRF6, HERC5, HERC6, IFIH1, IFIT2, IFIT5, IFI35, RSAD2, and UBQLNL. Gene ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analysis was conducted, and we found that processes and pathways associated with the blood testes barrier (BTB), immunity, inflammation, and DNA methylation in gametes were preferentially enriched. We also found abnormal expression of genes related to infertility (TDRD5, CLCN2, MORC1, RFX8, SOHLH1, IL2RB, MCIDAS, ZPBP, NFIA, PTPN11, TSC22D3, MAPK6, PLCB1, DCUN1D1, LPIN1, and GATM) and down-regulation of testosterone in monkeys with dietetic obesity. This work not only provides an important reference for research and treatment on male infertility caused by obesity, but also valuable insights into the effects of diet on gene expression in testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Miaojing Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yulin Zhang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Huizhong Hu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Liangliang Wei
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Hongyu Qin
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Pengxiang Qu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Wenbin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education of China, Xi’an 710049, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (E.L.)
| | - Enqi Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: (W.C.); (E.L.)
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Dorenkamp M, Nasiry M, Semo D, Koch S, Löffler I, Wolf G, Reinecke H, Godfrey R. Pharmacological Targeting of the RAGE-NFκB Signalling Axis Impedes Monocyte Activation under Diabetic Conditions through the Repression of SHP-2 Tyrosine Phosphatase Function. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030513. [PMID: 36766855 PMCID: PMC9914555 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a vital role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major CVD risk factor, and T2DM-induced aberrant activation and enhanced migration of monocytes is a vital pathomechanism that leads to atherogenesis. We recently reported the upregulation of SHP-2 phosphatase expression in mediating the VEGF resistance of T2DM patient-derived monocytes or methylglyoxal- (MG, a glucose metabolite and advanced glycation end product (AGE) precursor) treated monocytes. However, the exact mechanisms leading to SHP-2 upregulation in hyperglycemic monocytes are unknown. Since inflammation and accumulation of AGEs is a hallmark of T2DM, we hypothesise that inflammation and AGE-RAGE (Receptor-for-AGEs) signalling drive SHP-2 expression in monocytes and blockade of these pathways will repress SHP-2 function. Indeed, monocytes from T2DM patients revealed an elevated SHP-2 expression. Under normoglycemic conditions, the serum from T2DM patients strongly induced SHP-2 expression, indicating that the T2DM serum contains critical factors that directly regulate SHP-2 expression. Activation of pro-inflammatory TNFα signalling cascade drove SHP-2 expression in monocytes. In line with this, linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between TNFα expression and SHP-2 transcript levels in T2DM monocytes. Monocytes exposed to MG or AGE mimetic AGE-BSA, revealed an elevated SHP-2 expression and co-treatment with an NFκB inhibitor or genetic inhibition of p65 reversed it. The pharmacological inhibition of RAGE was sufficient to block MG- or AGE-BSA-induced SHP-2 expression and activity. Confirming the importance of RAGE-NFκB signalling in regulating SHP-2 expression, the elevated binding of NFκB to the SHP-2 promoter-induced by MG or AGE-BSA-was reversed by RAGE and NFκB inhibition. Besides, we detected elevated RAGE levels in human and murine T2DM monocytes and monocytes exposed to MG or AGE-BSA. Importantly, MG and AGE-BSA treatment of non-T2DM monocytes phenocopied the aberrant pro-migratory phenotype of T2DM monocytes, which was reversed entirely by either SHP-2- or RAGE inhibition. In conclusion, these findings suggest a new therapeutic approach to prevent accelerated atherosclerosis in T2DM patients since inhibiting the RAGE-NFκB-SHP-2 axis impeded the T2DM-driven, SHP-2-dependent monocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Dorenkamp
- Vascular Signalling, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Madina Nasiry
- Vascular Signalling, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dilvin Semo
- Vascular Signalling, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sybille Koch
- Vascular Signalling, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ivonne Löffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Holger Reinecke
- Vascular Signalling, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rinesh Godfrey
- Vascular Signalling, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology I—Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-83-57089; Fax: +49-251-83-55747
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37
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Hendriks WJAJ, van Cruchten RTP, Pulido R. Hereditable variants of classical protein tyrosine phosphatase genes: Will they prove innocent or guilty? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1051311. [PMID: 36755664 PMCID: PMC9900141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1051311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases, together with protein tyrosine kinases, control many molecular signaling steps that control life at cellular and organismal levels. Impairing alterations in the genes encoding the involved proteins is expected to profoundly affect the quality of life-if compatible with life at all. Here, we review the current knowledge on the effects of germline variants that have been reported for genes encoding a subset of the protein tyrosine phosphatase superfamily; that of the thirty seven classical members. The conclusion must be that the newest genome research tools produced an avalanche of data that suggest 'guilt by association' for individual genes to specific disorders. Future research should face the challenge to investigate these accusations thoroughly and convincingly, to reach a mature genotype-phenotype map for this intriguing protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,*Correspondence: Wiljan J. A. J. Hendriks,
| | | | - Rafael Pulido
- Biomarkers in Cancer Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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38
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Zhang J, Ye C, Zhu Y, Wang J, Liu J. The Cell-Specific Role of SHP2 in Regulating Bone Homeostasis and Regeneration Niches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032202. [PMID: 36768520 PMCID: PMC9917188 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Src homology-2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase (SHP2), encoded by PTPN11, has been proven to participate in bone-related diseases, such as Noonan syndrome (NS), metachondromatosis and osteoarthritis. However, the mechanisms of SHP2 in bone remodeling and homeostasis maintenance are complex and undemonstrated. The abnormal expression of SHP2 can influence the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and chondrocytes. Meanwhile, SHP2 mutations can act on the immune system, vasculature and nervous system, which in turn affect bone development and remodeling. Signaling pathways regulated by SHP2, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Indian hedgehog (IHH) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), are also involved in the proliferation, differentiation and migration of bone functioning cells. This review summarizes the recent advances of SHP2 on osteogenesis-related cells and niche cells in the bone marrow microenvironment. The phenotypic features of SHP2 conditional knockout mice and underlying mechanisms are discussed. The prospective applications of the current agonists or inhibitors that target SHP2 in bone-related diseases are also described. Full clarification of the role of SHP2 in bone remodeling will shed new light on potential treatment for bone related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengxinyue Ye
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yufan Zhu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Jin Liu
- Laboratory for Aging Research, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (J.L.)
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Wu J, Deng Y, Zhang X, Ma J, Zheng X, Chen Y. Suchilactone inhibits the growth of acute myeloid leukaemia by inactivating SHP2. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:144-153. [PMID: 34962431 PMCID: PMC8725822 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2017467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Suchilactone, a lignan compound extracted from Monsonia angustifolia E.Mey. ex A.Rich. (Geraniaceae), has little research on pharmacological activity; whether suchilactone has inhibitory effect on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the antitumor effect of suchilactone and its mechanism in AML. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of suchilactone on cell growth were detected by CCK-8 and flow cytometry. Network pharmacology was conducted to explore target of suchilactone. Gene expression was detected by western blot and RT-PCR. SHI-1 cells (1 × 106 cell per mouse) were subcutaneously inoculated into the female SCID mice. Suchilactone (15 and 30 mg/kg) was dissolved in PBS with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium and administered (i.g.) to mice once a day for 19 days, while the control group received PBS with 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose sodium. Tumour tissues were stained with Ki-67 and TUNEL. RESULTS Suchilactone exerted an effective inhibition on the growth of SHI-1 cells with IC50 of 17.01 μM. Then, we found that suchilactone binds to the SHP2 protein and inhibits its activation, and suchilactone interacted with SHP2 to inhibit cell proliferation and promote cell apoptosis via blocking the activation of SHP2. Moreover, Suchilaction inhibited tumour growth of AML xenografts in mice, as the tumour weight decreased from 0.618 g (control) to 0.35 g (15 mg/kg) and 0.258 g (30 mg/kg). Suchilactone inhibited Ki-67 expression and increased TUNEL expression in tumour tissue. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to demonstrate suchilactone inhibits AML growth, suggesting that suchilactone is a candidate drug for the treatment of AML.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Geraniaceae/chemistry
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, SCID
- Network Pharmacology
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Yuan Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Xinqi Zheng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
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Tartaglia M, Aoki Y, Gelb BD. The molecular genetics of RASopathies: An update on novel disease genes and new disorders. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:425-439. [PMID: 36394128 PMCID: PMC10100036 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced signaling through RAS and the mitogen-associated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade underlies the RASopathies, a family of clinically related disorders affecting development and growth. In RASopathies, increased RAS-MAPK signaling can result from the upregulated activity of various RAS GTPases, enhanced function of proteins positively controlling RAS function or favoring the efficient transmission of RAS signaling to downstream transducers, functional upregulation of RAS effectors belonging to the MAPK cascade, or inefficient signaling switch-off operated by feedback mechanisms acting at different levels. The massive effort in RASopathy gene discovery performed in the last 20 years has identified more than 20 genes implicated in these disorders. It has also facilitated the characterization of several molecular activating mechanisms that had remained unappreciated due to their minor impact in oncogenesis. Here, we provide an overview on the discoveries collected during the last 5 years that have delivered unexpected insights (e.g., Noonan syndrome as a recessive disease) and allowed to profile new RASopathies, novel disease genes and new molecular circuits contributing to the control of RAS-MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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41
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McLeish KR, Fernandes MJ. Understanding inhibitory receptor function in neutrophils through the lens of
CLEC12A. Immunol Rev 2022; 314:50-68. [PMID: 36424898 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first leukocytes recruited from the circulation in response to invading pathogens or injured cells. To eradicate pathogens and contribute to tissue repair, recruited neutrophils generate and release a host of toxic chemicals that can also damage normal cells. To avoid collateral damage leading to tissue injury and organ dysfunction, molecular mechanisms evolved that tightly control neutrophil response threshold to activating signals, the strength and location of the response, and the timing of response termination. One mechanism of response control is interruption of activating intracellular signaling pathways by the 20 inhibitory receptors expressed by neutrophils. The two inhibitory C-type lectin receptors expressed by neutrophils, CLEC12A and DCIR, exhibit both common and distinct molecular and functional mechanisms, and they are associated with different diseases. In this review, we use studies on CLEC12A as a model of inhibitory receptor regulation of neutrophil function and participation in disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms leading to inhibitory receptor specificity offers the possibility of using physiologic control of neutrophil functions as a pharmacologic tool to control inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R. McLeish
- Department of Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville Kentucky USA
| | - Maria J. Fernandes
- Infectious and Immune Diseases Division CHU de Québec‐Laval University Research Center Québec Québec Canada
- Department of Microbiology‐Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Laval University Québec Québec Canada
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Ryan A, Janosko CP, Courtney TM, Deiters A. Engineering SHP2 Phosphatase for Optical Control. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2687-2697. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Chasity P. Janosko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Taylor M. Courtney
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Solman M, Woutersen DTJ, den Hertog J. Modeling (not so) rare developmental disorders associated with mutations in the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1046415. [PMID: 36407105 PMCID: PMC9672471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1046415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology region 2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a highly conserved protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), which is encoded by PTPN11 and is indispensable during embryonic development. Mutations in PTPN11 in human patients cause aberrant signaling of SHP2, resulting in multiple rare hereditary diseases, including Noonan Syndrome (NS), Noonan Syndrome with Multiple Lentigines (NSML), Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML) and Metachondromatosis (MC). Somatic mutations in PTPN11 have been found to cause cancer. Here, we focus on the role of SHP2 variants in rare diseases and advances in the understanding of its pathogenesis using model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Solman
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Jeroen den Hertog,
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Asmamaw MD, Shi XJ, Zhang LR, Liu HM. A comprehensive review of SHP2 and its role in cancer. Cell Oncol 2022; 45:729-753. [PMID: 36066752 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00698-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Src homology 2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase ubiquitously expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of several tissues. SHP2 modulates diverse cell signaling events that control metabolism, cell growth, differentiation, cell migration, transcription and oncogenic transformation. It interacts with diverse molecules in the cell, and regulates key signaling events including RAS/ERK, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT and PD-1 pathways downstream of several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) upon stimulation by growth factors and cytokines. SHP2 acts as both a phosphatase and a scaffold, and plays prominently oncogenic functions but can be tumor suppressor in a context-dependent manner. It typically acts as a positive regulator of RTKs signaling with some inhibitory functions reported as well. SHP2 expression and activity is regulated by such factors as allosteric autoinhibition, microRNAs, ubiquitination and SUMOylation. Dysregulation of SHP2 expression or activity causes many developmental diseases, and hematological and solid tumors. Moreover, upregulated SHP2 expression or activity also decreases sensitivity of cancer cells to anticancer drugs. SHP2 is now considered as a compelling anticancer drug target and several classes of SHP2 inhibitors with different mode of action are developed with some already in clinical trial phases. Moreover, novel SHP2 substrates and functions are rapidly growing both in cell and cancer. In view of this, we comprehensively and thoroughly reviewed literatures about SHP2 regulatory mechanisms, substrates and binding partners, biological functions, roles in human cancers, and different classes of small molecule inhibitors target this oncoprotein in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moges Dessale Asmamaw
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shi
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450001, People's Republic of China.
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45
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The Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP2: A New Target for Insulin Resistance? Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092139. [PMID: 36140242 PMCID: PMC9495760 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The SH2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP2) plays essential roles in fundamental signaling pathways, conferring on it versatile physiological functions during development and in homeostasis maintenance, and leading to major pathological outcomes when dysregulated. Many studies have documented that SHP2 modulation disrupted glucose homeostasis, pointing out a relationship between its dysfunction and insulin resistance, and the therapeutic potential of its targeting. While studies from cellular or tissue-specific models concluded on both pros-and-cons effects of SHP2 on insulin resistance, recent data from integrated systems argued for an insulin resistance promoting role for SHP2, and therefore a therapeutic benefit of its inhibition. In this review, we will summarize the general knowledge of SHP2’s molecular, cellular, and physiological functions, explaining the pathophysiological impact of its dysfunctions, then discuss its protective or promoting roles in insulin resistance as well as the potency and limitations of its pharmacological modulation.
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Yan H, Jiang M, Yang F, Tang X, Lin M, Zhou C, Tan Y, Liu D. Ajuforrestin A, an Abietane Diterpenoid from Ajuga ovalifolia var. calanthe, Induces A549 Cell Apoptosis by Targeting SHP2. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175469. [PMID: 36080236 PMCID: PMC9457730 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src-homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2), which is encoded by PTPN11, participates in many cellular signaling pathways and is closely related to various tumorigenesis. Inhibition of the abnormal activity of SHP2 by small molecules is an important part of cancer treatment. Here, three abietane diterpenoids, named compounds 1–3, were isolated from Ajuga ovalifolia var. calantha. Spectroscopic analysis was used to identify the exact structure of the compounds. The enzymatic kinetic experiment and the cellular thermal shift assay showed compound 2 selectively inhibited SHP2 activity in vitro. Molecular docking indicated compound 2 targeted the SHP2 catalytic domain. The predicted pharmacokinetic properties by SwissADME revealed that compound 2 passed the majority of the parameters of common drug discovery rules. Compound 2 restrained A549 proliferation (IC50 = 8.68 ± 0.96 μM), invasion and caused A549 cell apoptosis by inhibiting the SHP2–ERK/AKT signaling pathway. Finally, compound 2 (Ajuforrestin A) is a potent and efficacious SHP2 inhibitor and may be a promising compound for human lung epithelial cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fujin Yang
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Integrative Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Key Laboratory of External Therapies of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Eczema, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
| | - Xueyong Tang
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Integrative Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Key Laboratory of External Therapies of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Eczema, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Integrative Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Key Laboratory of External Therapies of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Eczema, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
| | - Chunyan Zhou
- General Surgery, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400021, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (D.L.)
| | - Deming Liu
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Integrative Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Key Laboratory of External Therapies of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Eczema, Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, China
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (Y.T.); (D.L.)
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Fauser J, Huyot V, Matsche J, Szynal BN, Alexeev Y, Kota P, Karginov AV. Dissecting protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling by engineered chemogenetic control of its activity. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:e202111066. [PMID: 35829702 PMCID: PMC9284425 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) are critical mediators of dynamic cell signaling. A tool capable of identifying transient signaling events downstream of PTPases is essential to understand phosphatase function on a physiological time scale. We report a broadly applicable protein engineering method for allosteric regulation of PTPases. This method enables dissection of transient events and reconstruction of individual signaling pathways. Implementation of this approach for Shp2 phosphatase revealed parallel MAPK and ROCK II dependent pathways downstream of Shp2, mediating transient cell spreading and migration. Furthermore, we show that the N-SH2 domain of Shp2 regulates MAPK-independent, ROCK II-dependent cell migration. Engineered targeting of Shp2 activity to different protein complexes revealed that Shp2-FAK signaling induces cell spreading whereas Shp2-Gab1 or Shp2-Gab2 mediates cell migration. We identified specific transient morphodynamic processes induced by Shp2 and determined the role of individual signaling pathways downstream of Shp2 in regulating these events. Broad application of this approach is demonstrated by regulating PTP1B and PTP-PEST phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Fauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Vincent Huyot
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jacob Matsche
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Barbara N. Szynal
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Pradeep Kota
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Andrei V. Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Djptpn11 is indispensable for planarian regeneration by affecting early wound response genes expression and the Wnt pathway. Biochimie 2022; 201:184-195. [PMID: 35868605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Planarian is an ideal model system of studying regeneration. Stem cell system and positional control genes (PCGs) are two important factors for perfect regeneration of planarians and they combine to promote their regeneration. Even so, how wounds regulate proliferation and neoblast fate is still important areas to address. Ptpn11 (Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11), one of PTP (Protein tyrosine phosphatase) family members, plays an important role in cellular processes including cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Nevertheless, the role of ptpn11 in the planarian regeneration has not been fully studied. In this study, we identify the Djptpn11 gene to observe its function in planarian regeneration. The results reveal that the regeneration is severely inhibited and cause the disorder homeostasis in planarians. Furthermore, the stem cells proliferation and differentiation decreases while the apoptosis increases following Djptpn11 RNAi. At the same time, Djptpn11 affects the expression levels of early wound response genes (Djegr2, Dj1-jun, Djrunt1, Djwnt1 and Djnotum). Djwnt1 and Djnotum are two key Wnt signaling pathway genes and Djptpn11 affects the expression levels of Djwnt1 and Djnotum in the early and late stages of planarian regeneration. In general, Djptpn11 is indispensable for the homeostasis and regeneration of planarian by affecting the stem cells, early wound response genes and the Wnt pathway.
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Liquid-liquid phase separation in tumor biology. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:221. [PMID: 35803926 PMCID: PMC9270353 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a novel principle for explaining the precise spatial and temporal regulation in living cells. LLPS compartmentalizes proteins and nucleic acids into micron-scale, liquid-like, membraneless bodies with specific functions, which were recently termed biomolecular condensates. Biomolecular condensates are executors underlying the intracellular spatiotemporal coordination of various biological activities, including chromatin organization, genomic stability, DNA damage response and repair, transcription, and signal transduction. Dysregulation of these cellular processes is a key event in the initiation and/or evolution of cancer, and emerging evidence has linked the formation and regulation of LLPS to malignant transformations in tumor biology. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the detailed mechanisms of biomolecular condensate formation and biophysical function and review the recent major advances toward elucidating the multiple mechanisms involved in cancer cell pathology driven by aberrant LLPS. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic perspectives of LLPS in cancer research and the most recently developed drug candidates targeting LLPS modulation that can be used to combat tumorigenesis.
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50
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The role and therapeutic implication of protein tyrosine phosphatases in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113188. [PMID: 35676788 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are important regulator of neuronal signal transduction and a growing number of PTPs have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the brains of patients with AD, there are a variety of abnormally phosphorylated proteins, which are closely related to the abnormal expression and activity of PTPs. β-Amyloid plaques (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau protein are two pathological hallmarks of AD, and their accumulation ultimately leads to neurodegeneration. Studies have shown that protein phosphorylation signaling pathways mediates intracellular accumulation of Aβ and tau during AD development and are involved in synaptic plasticity and other stress responses. Here, we summarized the roles of PTPs related to the pathogenesis of AD and analyzed their therapeutic potential in AD.
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