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Oxilia G, Bortolini E, Marciani G, Menghi Sartorio JC, Vazzana A, Bettuzzi M, Panetta D, Arrighi S, Badino F, Figus C, Lugli F, Romandini M, Silvestrini S, Sorrentino R, Moroni A, Donadio C, Morigi MP, Slon V, Piperno M, Talamo S, Collina C, Benazzi S. Direct evidence that late Neanderthal occupation precedes a technological shift in southwestern Italy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2022; 179:18-30. [PMID: 36790758 PMCID: PMC9541503 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES During the middle-to-upper Paleolithic transition (50,000 and 40,000 years ago), interaction between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens varied across Europe. In southern Italy, the association between Homo sapiens fossils and non-Mousterian material culture, as well as the mode and tempo of Neanderthal demise, are still vividly debated. In this research, we focus on the study of two human teeth by using 3D geometric morphometric approaches for a reliable taxonomical attribution as well as obtaining new radiometric dates on the archeological sequence. MATERIAL AND METHODS This work presents two lower deciduous molars uncovered at Roccia San Sebastiano (Mondragone-Caserta, Italy), stratigraphically associated with Mousterian (RSS1) and Uluzzian (RSS2) artifacts. To obtain a probabilistic attribution of the two RSS teeth to each reference taxa group composed of Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, we performed and compared the performance of three supervised learning algorithms (flexible discriminant analysis, multiadaptive regression splines, and random forest) on both crown and cervical outlines obtained by virtual morphometric methods. RESULTS We show that RSS1, whose Mousterian context appears more recent than 44,800-44,230 cal BP, can be attributed to a Neanderthal, while RSS2, found in an Uluzzian context that we dated to 42,640-42,380 cal BP, is attributed to Homo sapiens. DISCUSSION This site yields the most recent direct evidence for a Neanderthal presence in southern Italy and confirms a later shift to upper Paleolithic technology in southwestern Italy compared to the earliest Uluzzian evidence at Grotta del Cavallo (Puglia, Italy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Eugenio Bortolini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly,Department of Archaeology and AnthropologyInstitució Milà i Fontanals de Investigación en Humanidades, CSICBarcelonaSpain
| | - Giulia Marciani
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of Siena, U. R. Preistoria e AntropologiaSienaItaly
| | | | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Matteo Bettuzzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi”University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | | | - Simona Arrighi
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of Siena, U. R. Preistoria e AntropologiaSienaItaly
| | - Federica Badino
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly,CNR Institute of Environmental Geology and GeoengineeringMilanItaly
| | - Carla Figus
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Federico Lugli
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly,Department of Chemical and Geological SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly
| | - Matteo Romandini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Sara Silvestrini
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly
| | - Adriana Moroni
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of Siena, U. R. Preistoria e AntropologiaSienaItaly
| | - Carlo Donadio
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and ResourcesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Maria Pia Morigi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “Augusto Righi”University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Viviane Slon
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Evolutionary GeneticsLeipzigGermany,Tel Aviv University, Department of Anatomy and Anthropology and Department of Human Molecular Genetics and BiochemistrySackler Faculty of MedicineTel AvivIsrael,Tel Aviv University, The Dan David Center for Human Evolution and Biohistory ResearchTel AvivIsrael
| | | | - Sahra Talamo
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”University of BolognaBolognaItaly,Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural HeritageUniversity of BolognaRavennaItaly,Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
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Erythro–Magneto–HA–Virosome: A Bio-Inspired Drug Delivery System for Active Targeting of Drugs in the Lungs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179893. [PMID: 36077300 PMCID: PMC9455992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, finding more efficient and selective administration routes has gained significant attention due to its crucial role in the bioavailability, absorption rate and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic substances. The pulmonary delivery of drugs has become an attractive target of scientific and biomedical interest in the health care research area, as the lung, thanks to its high permeability and large absorptive surface area and good blood supply, is capable of absorbing pharmaceuticals either for local deposition or for systemic delivery. Nevertheless, the pulmonary drug delivery is relatively complex, and strategies to mitigate the effects of mechanical, chemical and immunological barriers are required. Herein, engineered erythrocytes, the Erythro–Magneto–Hemagglutinin (HA)–virosomes (EMHVs), are used as a novel strategy for efficiently delivering drugs to the lungs. EMHV bio-based carriers exploit the physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles to achieve effective targeting after their intravenous injection thanks to an external magnetic field. In addition, the presence of hemagglutinin fusion proteins on EMHVs’ membrane allows the DDS to anchor and fuse with the target tissue and locally release the therapeutic compound. Our results on the biomechanical and biophysical properties of EMHVs, such as the membrane robustness and deformability and the high magnetic susceptibility, as well as their in vivo biodistribution, highlight that this bio-inspired DDS is a promising platform for the controlled and lung-targeting delivery of drugs, and represents a valuable alternative to inhalation therapy to fulfill unmet clinical needs.
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Panetta D, Tollapi L, Paolicchi A, Marri E, Aringhieri G, Caramella D. Comparative structural analysis of polyurethane and silicone catheters of totally implantable venous access devices by micro-computed tomography. SAGE Open Med 2021; 9:20503121211059949. [PMID: 34881041 PMCID: PMC8646823 DOI: 10.1177/20503121211059949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate microstructural alterations of explanted long-term central venous catheters of totally implantable venous access devices, using micro-computed tomography. Methods: A total of 16 catheters (9 made of silicone and 7 made of polyurethane), all non-fractured, have been analyzed in this study. Eight catheters were implanted for an average duration of 994 days (min–max: 98–2731 days), while the remaining eight catheters (four for each material, forming the SIref and PUref control groups) were analyzed before implant and used as a reference. X-ray micro-computed tomography was used to reconstruct the three-dimensional geometry of selected segments of each catheter (ca. 10 cm per sample). Results: Morphometric analysis of the catheters revealed increases wall thickness and section area in the polyurethane group as compared with the reference central venous catheters of the same materials (wall thickness: 403 ± 12 μm in the polyurethane (PU) group vs 382 ± 4 μm in PUref, p = 0.014; wall cross-section area: 2.04 ± 0.09 mm2 in PU vs 1.91 ± 0.03 mm2 in PUref, p = 0.04), whereas implanted silicone catheters showed a larger luminal cross section as compared with their controls (lumen cross-section area = 0.851 ± 0.020 mm2 in silicone (SI) group vs 0.811 ± 0.007 mm2 in SIref, p = 0.007). All analyzed samples in this study presented some type of alteration in the catheter walls, namely, hyperdense spots (below 0.1 mm size), air gaps/bubbles and displacements of inner and outer axes causing heterogeneous wall thickness. The incidence of air gaps showed no difference with respect to both material type and duration of implant, whereas the SI group revealed more hyperdense spots as compared to all other groups. Conclusion: Morphological change and local structural alteration can occur in both silicone and polyurethane catheters. This evidence suggests the need for further studies connecting those morphological changes with modification of mechanical robustness, which ultimately can play a role for patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Tollapi
- Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy Unit - Vascular Access Team, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adriana Paolicchi
- Anesthesiology and Pain Therapy Unit - Vascular Access Team, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Marri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giacomo Aringhieri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Caramella
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Pascali G, Panetta D, De Simone M, Burchielli S, Lucchesi V, Sanguinetti E, Zanoni S, Iozzo P, Saccomanni G, Manera C, Salvadori PA. Preliminary Investigation of a Novel 18F Radiopharmaceutical for Imaging CB2 Receptors in a SOD Mouse Model. Aust J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/ch20247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We successfully radiolabelled a novel prospective cannabinoid type 2 receptor ligand with 18F and tested its biodistribution in animal models by positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging. The radiolabelling process was conducted on an alkyl mesylate fragment of the main naphthyridine core, using highly efficient microfluidic technology. No preliminary protection was needed, and the product was purified by semi-prep HPLC and SPE formulation, allowing the desired diastereomeric mixture to be obtained in 29% radiochemical yield and>95% radiochemically pure. SOD1G93A mice were used as model of overexpression of CB2 receptors; PET imaging revealed a significant increase of the tracer distribution volume in the brain of symptomatic subjects compared with the asymptomatic ones.
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Romandini M, Oxilia G, Bortolini E, Peyrégne S, Delpiano D, Nava A, Panetta D, Di Domenico G, Martini P, Arrighi S, Badino F, Figus C, Lugli F, Marciani G, Silvestrini S, Menghi Sartorio JC, Terlato G, Hublin JJ, Meyer M, Bondioli L, Higham T, Slon V, Peresani M, Benazzi S. A late Neanderthal tooth from northeastern Italy. J Hum Evol 2020; 147:102867. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Mota C, Milazzo M, Panetta D, Trombi L, Gramigna V, Salvadori PA, Giannotti S, Bruschini L, Stefanini C, Moroni L, Berrettini S, Danti S. 3D fiber deposited polymeric scaffolds for external auditory canal wall. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:63. [PMID: 29736776 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6071-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The external auditory canal (EAC) is an osseocartilaginous structure extending from the auricle to the eardrum, which can be affected by congenital, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases, thus reconstructive materials are needed. Current biomaterial-based approaches for the surgical reconstruction of EAC posterior wall still suffer from resorption (biological) and extrusion (synthetic). In this study, 3D fiber deposited scaffolds based on poly(ethylene oxide terephthalate)/poly(butylene terephthalate) were designed and fabricated to replace the EAC wall. Fiber diameter and scaffold porosity were optimized, leading to 200 ± 33 µm and 55% ± 5%, respectively. The mechanical properties were evaluated, resulting in a Young's modulus of 25.1 ± 7.0 MPa. Finally, the EAC scaffolds were tested in vitro with osteo-differentiated human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) with different seeding methods to produce homogeneously colonized replacements of interest for otologic surgery. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of EAC wall scaffolds aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to the ear under the Tissue Engineering paradigm, including shape, porosity, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteoinduced hMSCs. This study demonstrated the fabrication feasibility of outer ear canal wall scaffolds via additive manufacturing. Aimed to match several important requirements for biomaterial application to ear replacements under the Tissue Engineering paradigm, including shape, porosity and pore size, surface area, mechanical properties and favorable in vitro interaction with osteo-differentiated mesenchymal stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Mota
- Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine (MERLN), Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Milazzo
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Trombi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vera Gramigna
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Germaneto, CZ, Italy
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Giannotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bruschini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cesare Stefanini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, PI, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine (MERLN), Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Berrettini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Emergency Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pontedera, PI, Italy.
- Dept. of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, Largo L. Lazzarino 2, Pisa, Italy.
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7
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Buti L, Le Cabec A, Panetta D, Tripodi M, Salvadori PA, Hublin JJ, Feeney RNM, Benazzi S. 3D enamel thickness in Neandertal and modern human permanent canines. J Hum Evol 2017; 113:162-172. [PMID: 29054166 PMCID: PMC5667889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enamel thickness figures prominently in studies of human evolution, particularly for taxonomy, phylogeny, and paleodietary reconstruction. Attention has focused on molar teeth, through the use of advanced imaging technologies and novel protocols. Despite the important results achieved thus far, further work is needed to investigate all tooth classes. We apply a recent approach developed for anterior teeth to investigate the 3D enamel thickness of Neandertal and modern human (MH) canines. In terms of crown size, the values obtained for both upper and lower unworn/slightly worn canines are significantly greater in Neandertals than in Upper Paleolithic and recent MH. The 3D relative enamel thickness (RET) is significantly lower in Neandertals than in MH. Moreover, differences in 3D RET values between the two groups appear to decrease in worn canines beginning from wear stage 3, suggesting that both the pattern and the stage of wear may have important effects on the 3D RET value. Nevertheless, the 3D average enamel thickness (AET) does not differ between the two groups. In both groups, 3D AET and 3D RET indices are greater in upper canines than in lower canines, and overall the enamel is thicker on the occlusal half of the labial aspect of the crown, particularly in MH. By contrast, the few early modern humans investigated show the highest volumes of enamel while for all other components of 3D enamel, thickness this group holds an intermediate position between Neandertals and recent MH. Overall, our study supports the general findings that Neandertals have relatively thinner enamel than MH (as also observed in molars), indicating that unworn/slightly worn canines can be successfully used to discriminate between the two groups. Further studies, however, are needed to understand whether these differences are functionally related or are the result of pleiotropic or genetic drift effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Buti
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, V. Ariani, 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Adeline Le Cabec
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, F-38043 Grenoble Cédex 9, France.
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology - CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Tripodi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology - CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology - CNR, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Robin N M Feeney
- UCD School of Medicine, Health Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, V. Ariani, 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Margherita C, Oxilia G, Barbi V, Panetta D, Hublin JJ, Lordkipanidze D, Meshveliani T, Jakeli N, Matskevich Z, Bar-Yosef O, Belfer-Cohen A, Pinhasi R, Benazzi S. Morphological description and morphometric analyses of the Upper Palaeolithic human remains from Dzudzuana and Satsurblia caves, western Georgia. J Hum Evol 2017; 113:83-90. [PMID: 29054170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Margherita
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Ddegli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Ddegli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Ddel Proconsolo 12, 50122 Firenze, Italy
| | - Veronica Barbi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Ddegli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Jacques Hublin
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Nino Jakeli
- Georgian National Museum, Department of Prehistory, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | | | - Ofer Bar-Yosef
- Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University, 11 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anna Belfer-Cohen
- The Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem 91905, Israel
| | - Ron Pinhasi
- School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via Ddegli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy; Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Reconstruction of stented coronary arteries from optical coherence tomography images: Feasibility, validation, and repeatability of a segmentation method. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177495. [PMID: 28574987 PMCID: PMC5456060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an established catheter-based imaging modality for the assessment of coronary artery disease and the guidance of stent placement during percutaneous coronary intervention. Manual analysis of large OCT datasets for vessel contours or stent struts detection is time-consuming and unsuitable for real-time applications. In this study, a fully automatic method was developed for detection of both vessel contours and stent struts. The method was applied to in vitro OCT scans of eight stented silicone bifurcation phantoms for validation purposes. The proposed algorithm comprised four main steps, namely pre-processing, lumen border detection, stent strut detection, and three-dimensional point cloud creation. The algorithm was validated against manual segmentation performed by two independent image readers. Linear regression showed good agreement between automatic and manual segmentations in terms of lumen area (r>0.99). No statistically significant differences in the number of detected struts were found between the segmentations. Mean values of similarity indexes were >95% and >85% for the lumen and stent detection, respectively. Stent point clouds of two selected cases, obtained after OCT image processing, were compared to the centerline points of the corresponding stent reconstructions from micro computed tomography, used as ground-truth. Quantitative comparison between the corresponding stent points resulted in median values of ~150 μm and ~40 μm for the total and radial distances of both cases, respectively. The repeatability of the detection method was investigated by calculating the lumen volume and the mean number of detected struts per frame for seven repeated OCT scans of one selected case. Results showed low deviation of values from the median for both analyzed quantities. In conclusion, this study presents a robust automatic method for detection of lumen contours and stent struts from OCT as supported by focused validation against both manual segmentation and micro computed tomography and by good repeatability.
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Oxilia G, Fiorillo F, Boschin F, Boaretto E, Apicella SA, Matteucci C, Panetta D, Pistocchi R, Guerrini F, Margherita C, Andretta M, Sorrentino R, Boschian G, Arrighi S, Dori I, Mancuso G, Crezzini J, Riga A, Serrangeli MC, Vazzana A, Salvadori PA, Vandini M, Tozzi C, Moroni A, Feeney RNM, Willman JC, Moggi-Cecchi J, Benazzi S. The dawn of dentistry in the late upper Paleolithic: An early case of pathological intervention at Riparo Fredian. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2017; 163:446-461. [PMID: 28345756 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early evidence for the treatment of dental pathology is found primarily among food-producing societies associated with high levels of oral pathology. However, some Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers show extensive oral pathology, suggesting that experimentation with therapeutic dental interventions may have greater antiquity. Here, we report the second earliest probable evidence for dentistry in a Late Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherer recovered from Riparo Fredian (Tuscany, Italy). MATERIALS AND METHODS The Fredian 5 human consists of an associated maxillary anterior dentition with antemortem exposure of both upper first incisor (I1 ) pulp chambers. The pulp chambers present probable antemortem modifications that warrant in-depth analyses and direct dating. Scanning electron microscopy, microCT and residue analyses were used to investigate the purported modifications of external and internal surfaces of each I1 . RESULTS The direct date places Fredian 5 between 13,000 and 12,740 calendar years ago. Both pulp chambers were circumferentially enlarged prior to the death of this individual. Occlusal dentine flaking on the margin of the cavities and striations on their internal aspects suggest anthropic manipulation. Residue analyses revealed a conglomerate of bitumen, vegetal fibers, and probable hairs adherent to the internal walls of the cavities. DISCUSSION The results are consistent with tool-assisted manipulation to remove necrotic or infected pulp in vivo and the subsequent use of a composite, organic filling. Fredian 5 confirms the practice of dentistry-specifically, a pathology-induced intervention-among Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers. As such, it appears that fundamental perceptions of biomedical knowledge and practice were in place long before the socioeconomic changes associated with the transition to food production in the Neolithic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Oxilia
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy.,Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Flavia Fiorillo
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Francesco Boschin
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Boaretto
- Max Planck-Weizmann Center for Integrative Archaeology and Anthropology, D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Salvatore A Apicella
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Chiara Matteucci
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Rossella Pistocchi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Franca Guerrini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Sant'Alberto 163, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Cristiana Margherita
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Massimo Andretta
- School of Science, University of Bologna, Via dell'Agricoltura 5, Ravenna, 48123, Italy
| | - Rita Sorrentino
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences - BiGeA University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, Bologna, 40126, Italy
| | - Giovanni Boschian
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, Pisa, 56125, Italy
| | - Simona Arrighi
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Irene Dori
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mancuso
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Jacopo Crezzini
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Riga
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Maria C Serrangeli
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Antonino Vazzana
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, IFC-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, Pisa, 56124, Italy
| | - Mariangela Vandini
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Conservation Science Laboratory for Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy
| | - Carlo Tozzi
- Department of Civilisations and Forms of Knowledge, University of Pisa, Via Pasquale Paoli, 15, Pisa, 56126, Italy
| | - Adriana Moroni
- Study Centre for the Quaternary Period (CeSQ), Via Nuova dell'Ammazzatoio 7, Sansepolcro, Arezzo, I-52037, Italy.,Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, University of Siena, Research Unit in Prehistory and Anthropology, Via Laterina 8, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Robin N M Feeney
- UCD School of Medicine, Health Science Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John C Willman
- Department of Anthropology, Campus Box 1114, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri, 63130
| | - Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via del Proconsolo, 12, Firenze, 50122, Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage, Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna, 48121, Italy.,Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
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11
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Magnetically driven nanoparticles:18FDG-radiolabelling and positron emission tomography biodistribution study. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2017; 11:561-571. [DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Arnaud J, Benazzi S, Romandini M, Livraghi A, Panetta D, Salvadori PA, Volpe L, Peresani M. A Neanderthal deciduous human molar with incipient carious infection from the Middle Palaeolithic De Nadale cave, Italy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 162:370-376. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Arnaud
- Section of Prehistorical and Anthropological Sciences, Department of Humanities; University of Ferrara; LT, Teknehub, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32 Ferrara 44121 Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage; University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1; Ravenna 48121 Italy
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6; Leipzig 04103 Germany
| | - Matteo Romandini
- Section of Prehistorical and Anthropological Sciences, Department of Humanities; University of Ferrara; LT, Teknehub, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32 Ferrara 44121 Italy
| | - Alessandra Livraghi
- Section of Prehistorical and Anthropological Sciences, Department of Humanities; University of Ferrara; LT, Teknehub, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32 Ferrara 44121 Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Piero A. Salvadori
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology, Via G. Moruzzi 1; Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Lisa Volpe
- Teknehub - Department di Physic and Earth Sciences; University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1; Ferrara 44121 Italy
| | - Marco Peresani
- Section of Prehistorical and Anthropological Sciences, Department of Humanities; University of Ferrara; LT, Teknehub, C.so Ercole I d'Este 32 Ferrara 44121 Italy
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13
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Fabbri PF, Panetta D, Sarti L, Martini F, Salvadori PA, Caramella D, Fedi M, Benazzi S. Middle paleolithic human deciduous incisor from Grotta del Cavallo, Italy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:506-512. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pier Francesco Fabbri
- Dipartimento di Beni Culturali; Università del Salento; Via D. Birago 64 Lecce 73100 Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology; National Research Council; Via G. Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Lucia Sarti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Storiche e dei Beni Culturali; Università di Siena; Via Roma 56 Siena 53100 Italy
| | - Fabio Martini
- Dipartimento di Storia; Archeologia, Geografia, Arte e Spettacolo, sede di Paletnologia; Via S.Egidio Firenze 21 50122 Italy
| | - Piero A. Salvadori
- CNR Institute of Clinical Physiology; National Research Council; Via G. Moruzzi 1 Pisa 56124 Italy
| | - Davide Caramella
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia; Università di Pisa; via Savi 10 Pisa 56126 Italy
| | - Mariaelena Fedi
- INFN Sezione di Firenze; via Sansone 1 Sesto Fiorentino 50019 Italy
| | - Stefano Benazzi
- Department of Cultural Heritage; University of Bologna; Via degli Ariani 1 Ravenna 48121 Italy
- Department of Human Evolution; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology; DeutscherPlatz 6 Leipzig 04103 Germany
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14
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Piscivory in a Miocene Cetotheriidae of Peru: first record of fossilized stomach content for an extinct baleen-bearing whale. Naturwissenschaften 2015; 102:70. [PMID: 26553062 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-015-1319-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Instead of teeth, modern mysticetes bear hair-fringed keratinous baleen plates that permit various bulk-filtering predation techniques (from subsurface skimming to lateral benthic suction and engulfment) devoted to various target prey (from small invertebrates to schooling fish). Current knowledge about the feeding ecology of extant cetaceans is revealed by stomach content analyses and observations of behavior. Unfortunately, no fossil stomach contents of ancient mysticetes have been described so far; the investigation of the diet of fossil baleen whales, including the Neogene family Cetotheriidae, remains thus largely speculative. We report on an aggregate of fossil fish remains found within a mysticete skeleton belonging to an undescribed late Miocene (Tortonian) cetotheriid from the Pisco Formation (Peru). Micro-computed tomography allowed us to interpret it as the fossilized content of the forestomach of the host whale and to identify the prey as belonging to the extant clupeiform genus Sardinops. Our discovery represents the first direct evidence of piscivory in an ancient edentulous mysticete. Since among modern mysticetes only Balaenopteridae are known to ordinarily consume fish, this fossil record may indicate that part of the cetotheriids experimented some degree of balaenopterid-like engulfment feeding. Moreover, this report corresponds to one of the geologically oldest records of Sardinops worldwide, occurring near the Tortonian peak of oceanic primary productivity and cooling phase. Therefore, our discovery evokes a link between the rise of Cetotheriidae; the setup of modern coastal upwelling systems; and the radiation of epipelagic, small-sized, schooling clupeiform fish in such highly productive environments.
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15
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Canciani B, Ruggiu A, Giuliani A, Panetta D, Marozzi K, Tripodi M, Salvadori PA, Cilli M, Ohira Y, Cancedda R, Tavella S. Effects of long time exposure to simulated micro- and hypergravity on skeletal architecture. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 51:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Athanasiou LS, Rigas GA, Sakellarios AI, Exarchos TP, Siogkas PK, Naka KK, Panetta D, Pelosi G, Vozzi F, Michalis LK, Parodi O, Fotiadis DI. Computerized methodology for micro-CT and histological data inflation using an IVUS based translation map. Comput Biol Med 2015; 65:168-76. [PMID: 25771781 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A framework for the inflation of micro-CT and histology data using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images, is presented. The proposed methodology consists of three steps. In the first step the micro-CT/histological images are manually co-registered with IVUS by experts using fiducial points as landmarks. In the second step the lumen of both the micro-CT/histological images and IVUS images are automatically segmented. Finally, in the third step the micro-CT/histological images are inflated by applying a transformation method on each image. The transformation method is based on the IVUS and micro-CT/histological contour difference. In order to validate the proposed image inflation methodology, plaque areas in the inflated micro-CT and histological images are compared with the ones in the IVUS images. The proposed methodology for inflating micro-CT/histological images increases the sensitivity of plaque area matching between the inflated and the IVUS images (7% and 22% in histological and micro-CT images, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros S Athanasiou
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, PO Box 1186, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - George A Rigas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, PO Box 1186, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Antonis I Sakellarios
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, PO Box 1186, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Themis P Exarchos
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, PO Box 1186, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece; FORTH-Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Research, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis K Siogkas
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, PO Box 1186, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Katerina K Naka
- Michaelidion Cardiac Center and Dept. of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, IT, 56124, Italy
| | - Gualtiero Pelosi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, IT, 56124, Italy
| | - Federico Vozzi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, IT, 56124, Italy
| | - Lampros K Michalis
- Michaelidion Cardiac Center and Dept. of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Oberdan Parodi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, IT, 56124, Italy
| | - Dimitrios I Fotiadis
- Unit of Medical Technology and Intelligent Information Systems, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, PO Box 1186, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece; FORTH-Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biomedical Research, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece; Michaelidion Cardiac Center and Dept. of Cardiology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, GR 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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17
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Benazzi S, Slon V, Talamo S, Negrino F, Peresani M, Bailey SE, Sawyer S, Panetta D, Vicino G, Starnini E, Mannino MA, Salvadori PA, Meyer M, Paabo S, Hublin JJ. The makers of the Protoaurignacian and implications for Neandertal extinction. Science 2015; 348:793-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Al Kayal T, Panetta D, Canciani B, Losi P, Tripodi M, Burchielli S, Ottoni P, Salvadori PA, Soldani G. Evaluation of the effect of a gamma irradiated DBM-pluronic F127 composite on bone regeneration in Wistar rat. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125110. [PMID: 25897753 PMCID: PMC4405568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is widely used for bone regeneration. Since DBM is prepared in powder form its handling properties are not optimal and limit the clinical use of this material. Various synthetic and biological carriers have been used to enhance the DBM handling. In this study we evaluated the effect of gamma irradiation on the physical-chemical properties of Pluronic and on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) amount in DBM samples. In vivo studies were carried out to investigate the effect on bone regeneration of a gamma irradiated DBM-Pluronic F127 (DBM-PF127) composite implanted in the femur of rats. Gamma irradiation effects (25 kGy) on physical-chemical properties of Pluronic F127 were investigated by rheological and infrared analysis. The BMP-2/BMP-7 amount after DBM irradiation was evaluated by ELISA. Bone regeneration capacity of DBM-PF127 containing 40% (w/w) of DBM was investigated in transcortical holes created in the femoral diaphysis of Wistar rat. Bone porosity, repaired bone volume and tissue organization were evaluated at 15, 30 and 90 days by Micro-CT and histological analysis. The results showed that gamma irradiation did not induce significant modification on physical-chemical properties of Pluronic, while a decrease in BMP-2/BMP-7 amount was evidenced in sterilized DBM. Micro-CT and histological evaluation at day 15 post-implantation revealed an interconnected trabeculae network in medullar cavity and cellular infiltration and vascularization of DBM-PF127 residue. In contrast a large rate of not connected trabeculae was observed in Pluronic filled and unfilled defects. At 30 and 90 days the DBM-PF127 samples shown comparable results in term of density and thickness of the new formed tissue respect to unfilled defect. In conclusion a gamma irradiated DBM-PF127 composite, although it may have undergone a significant decrease in the concentration of BMPs, was able to maintains bone regeneration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Al Kayal
- Institute of Clinical Physiology- CNR, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Barbara Canciani
- University & IRCCS AOU San Martino—IST, National Institute for Cancer Research, DIMES, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Losi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology- CNR, Pisa, Italy
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Rigas GA, Athanasiou LS, Sakellarios AI, Exarchos TP, Siogkas PK, Naka KK, Panetta D, Pelosi G, Michalis LK, Parodi O, Fotiadis DI. Methodology for micro-CT data inflation using intravascular ultrasound images. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2015; 2014:1099-102. [PMID: 25570154 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a framework for the inflation of micro-CT data using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) images, is presented. The proposed methodology consists of four steps. In the first step a centerline is extracted from the micro-CT images. In the second step the micro CT images are segmented automatically using the k-means algorithm. In the third step IVUS- micro-CT images are co-registered based on fiducial markers selected manually by the experts. Finally, the images are inflated by applying a transformation method on each image. The transformation method is based on the IVUS and micro-CT contour difference. The proposed methodology for inflating micro-CT images could increase the reliability of correct plaque labeling process as well to enhance the accuracy of the produced training dataset from the micro-CT images.
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20
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Clark DP, Badea CT. Micro-CT of rodents: state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Phys Med 2014; 30:619-34. [PMID: 24974176 PMCID: PMC4138257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Micron-scale computed tomography (micro-CT) is an essential tool for phenotyping and for elucidating diseases and their therapies. This work is focused on preclinical micro-CT imaging, reviewing relevant principles, technologies, and applications. Commonly, micro-CT provides high-resolution anatomic information, either on its own or in conjunction with lower-resolution functional imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). More recently, however, advanced applications of micro-CT produce functional information by translating clinical applications to model systems (e.g., measuring cardiac functional metrics) and by pioneering new ones (e.g. measuring tumor vascular permeability with nanoparticle contrast agents). The primary limitations of micro-CT imaging are the associated radiation dose and relatively poor soft tissue contrast. We review several image reconstruction strategies based on iterative, statistical, and gradient sparsity regularization, demonstrating that high image quality is achievable with low radiation dose given ever more powerful computational resources. We also review two contrast mechanisms under intense development. The first is spectral contrast for quantitative material discrimination in combination with passive or actively targeted nanoparticle contrast agents. The second is phase contrast which measures refraction in biological tissues for improved contrast and potentially reduced radiation dose relative to standard absorption imaging. These technological advancements promise to develop micro-CT into a commonplace, functional and even molecular imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Clark
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3302, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - C T Badea
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3302, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Giuffra V, Panetta D, Salvadori PA, Fornaciari G. A historical case of amelogenesis imperfecta: Giovanna of Austria, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1547-1578). Eur J Oral Sci 2013; 122:1-6. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Giuffra
- Division of Paleopathology; Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
| | | | | | - Gino Fornaciari
- Division of Paleopathology; Department of Translational Research on New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery; University of Pisa; Pisa Italy
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22
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Menichetti L, Kusmic C, Panetta D, Arosio D, Petroni D, Matteucci M, Salvadori PA, Casagrande C, L’Abbate A, Manzoni L. MicroPET/CT imaging of αvβ3 integrin via a novel 68Ga-NOTA-RGD peptidomimetic conjugate in rat myocardial infarction. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2013; 40:1265-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s00259-013-2432-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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