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Basak S, Varma S, Duttaroy AK. Modulation of fetoplacental growth, development and reproductive function by endocrine disrupters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215353. [PMID: 37854189 PMCID: PMC10579913 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal endocrine homeostasis is vital to a successful pregnancy, regulated by several hormones such as human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, leptin, glucocorticoid, insulin, prostaglandin, and others. Endocrine stress during pregnancy can modulate nutrient availability from mother to fetus, alter fetoplacental growth and reproductive functions. Endocrine disrupters such as bisphenols (BPs) and phthalates are exposed in our daily life's highest volume. Therefore, they are extensively scrutinized for their effects on metabolism, steroidogenesis, insulin signaling, and inflammation involving obesity, diabetes, and the reproductive system. BPs have their structural similarity to 17-β estradiol and their ability to bind as an agonist or antagonist to estrogen receptors to elicit an adverse response to the function of the endocrine and reproductive system. While adults can negate the adverse effects of these endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), fetuses do not equip themselves with enzymatic machinery to catabolize their conjugates. Therefore, EDC exposure makes the fetoplacental developmental window vulnerable to programming in utero. On the one hand prenatal BPs and phthalates exposure can impair the structure and function of the ovary and uterus, resulting in placental vascular defects, inappropriate placental expression of angiogenic growth factors due to altered hypothalamic response, expression of nutrient transporters, and epigenetic changes associated with maternal endocrine stress. On the other, their exposure during pregnancy can affect the offspring's metabolic, endocrine and reproductive functions by altering fetoplacental programming. This review highlights the latest development in maternal metabolic and endocrine modulations from exposure to estrogenic mimic chemicals on subcellular and transgenerational changes in placental development and its effects on fetal growth, size, and metabolic & reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saikanth Varma
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Shi Y, Wang CC, Wu L, Zhang Y, Xu A, Wang Y. Pathophysiological Insight into Fatty Acid-Binding Protein-4: Multifaced Roles in Reproduction, Pregnancy, and Offspring Health. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12655. [PMID: 37628833 PMCID: PMC10454382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4), commonly known as adipocyte-fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), is a pleiotropic adipokine that broadly affects immunity and metabolism. It has been increasingly recognized that FABP4 dysfunction is associated with various metabolic syndromes, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic inflammation. However, its explicit roles within the context of women's reproduction and pregnancy remain to be investigated. In this review, we collate recent studies probing the influence of FABP4 on female reproduction, pregnancy, and even fetal health. Elevated circulating FABP4 levels have been found to correlate with impaired reproductive function in women, such as polycystic ovary syndrome and endometriosis. Throughout pregnancy, FABP4 affects maternal-fetal interface homeostasis by affecting both glycolipid metabolism and immune tolerance, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, gestational obesity, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. Moreover, maternal FABP4 levels exhibit a substantial linkage with the metabolic health of offspring. Herein, we discuss the emerging significance and potential application of FABP4 in reproduction and pregnancy health and delve into its underlying mechanism at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Chi-Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liqun Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China;
| | - Yunqing Zhang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China; (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
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3
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal Fatty Acid Metabolism in Pregnancy and Its Consequences in the Feto-Placental Development. Front Physiol 2022; 12:787848. [PMID: 35126178 PMCID: PMC8811195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.787848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal plasma fatty acids are critically required for cell growth and development, cell signaling, and the development of critical structural and functional aspects of the feto-placental unit. In addition, the fatty acids modulate the early stages of placental development by regulating angiogenesis in the first-trimester human placenta. Preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the third trimester is critical for optimal fetal brain development. Maternal status such as obesity, diabetes, and dietary intakes may affect the functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in maternal-fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Fatty acids traverse the placental membranes via several plasma membrane fatty acid transport/binding proteins (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, and FFARs) and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). This review discusses the maternal metabolism of fatty acids and their effects on early placentation, placental fatty acid transport and metabolism, and their roles in feto-placental growth and development. The review also highlights how maternal fat metabolism modulates lipid processing, including transportation, esterification, and oxidation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Asim K. Duttaroy,
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
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Jiang L, Yilmaz M, Uehara M, Cavazzoni CB, Kasinath V, Zhao J, Naini SM, Li X, Banouni N, Fiorina P, Shin SR, Tullius SG, Bromberg JS, Sage PT, Abdi R. Characterization of Leptin Receptor + Stromal Cells in Lymph Node. Front Immunol 2022; 12:730438. [PMID: 35111151 PMCID: PMC8801441 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymph node (LN)-resident stromal cells play an essential role in the proper functioning of LNs. The stromal compartment of the LN undergoes significant compensatory changes to produce a milieu amenable for regulation of the immune response. We have identified a distinct population of leptin receptor-expressing (LepR+) stromal cells, located in the vicinity of the high endothelial venules (HEVs) and lymphatics. These LepR+ stromal cells expressed markers for fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), but they lacked markers for follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and marginal reticular cells (MRCs). Leptin signaling deficiency led to heightened inflammatory responses within the LNs of db/db mice, leakiness of HEVs, and lymphatic fragmentation. Leptin signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway supported LN stromal cell survival and promoted the anti-inflammatory properties of these cells. Conditional knockout of the LepR+ stromal cells in LNs resulted in HEV and extracellular matrix (ECM) abnormalities. Treatment of ob/ob mice with an agonist leptin fusion protein restored the microarchitecture of LNs, reduced intra-LN inflammatory responses, and corrected metabolic abnormalities. Future studies are needed to study the importance of LN stomal cell dysfunction to the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses in type 2 diabetes (T2D) in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Mine Yilmaz
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cecilia B. Cavazzoni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vivek Kasinath
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Said Movahedi Naini
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter T. Sage
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center, Renal Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Ticiani E, Pu Y, Gingrich J, Veiga-Lopez A. Bisphenol S Impairs Invasion and Proliferation of Extravillous Trophoblasts Cells by Interfering with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:671. [PMID: 35054855 PMCID: PMC8776214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta supports fetal growth and is vulnerable to exogenous chemical exposures. We have previously demonstrated that exposure to the emerging chemical bisphenol S (BPS) can alter placental endocrine function. Mechanistically, we have demonstrated that BPS interferes with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, reducing placenta cell fusion. Extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs), a placenta cell type that aids with vascular remodeling, require EGF to invade into the maternal endometrium. We hypothesized that BPS would impair EGF-mediated invasion and proliferation in EVTs. Using human EVTs (HTR-8/SVneo cells), we tested whether BPS could inhibit the EGF response by blocking EGFR activation. We also evaluated functional endpoints of EGFR signaling, including EGF endocytosis, cell invasion and proliferation, and endovascular differentiation. We demonstrated that BPS blocked EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR by acting as a competitive antagonist to EGFR. Transwell assay and a three-dimensional microfluidic chip invasion assay revealed that BPS exposure can block EGF-mediated cell invasion. BPS also blocked EGF-mediated proliferation and endovascular differentiation. In conclusion, BPS can prevent EGF-mediated EVT proliferation and invasion through EGFR antagonism. Given the role of EGFR in trophoblast proliferation and differentiation during placental development, our findings suggest that maternal exposure to BPS may contribute to placental dysfunction via EGFR-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Ticiani
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yong Pu
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.T.); (Y.P.)
| | - Jeremy Gingrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (E.T.); (Y.P.)
- The Chicago Center for Health and the Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Li Y, He G, Chen D, Yu B, Yu J, Zheng P, Huang Z, Luo Y, Luo J, Mao X, Yan H, He J. Supplementing daidzein in diets improves the reproductive performance, endocrine hormones and antioxidant capacity of multiparous sows. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1052-1060. [PMID: 34738035 PMCID: PMC8546373 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Certain hormones play important roles in modulating mammalian reproductive behaviour. Daidzein is a well-known isoflavonic phytoestrogen that possesses oestrogenic activity. This study was conducted to probe the effects of daidzein supplementation in gestation diets on the reproductive performance in sows. A total of 120 multiparous sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 60) and fed either a base diet (control) or one containing 200 mg/kg daidzein during gestation. We discovered that daidzein supplementation significantly increased the total number of piglets born per litter and number of piglets born alive per litter (P < 0.05), decreased the farrowing time (P < 0.05) and increased the serum oestrogen and progesterone concentrations (P < 0.05) at 35 d of gestation. Moreover, serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were higher in the daidzein-treated group than in the control group at 35 d of gestation (P < 0.05). Daidzein increased the serum SOD activity and total anti-oxidative capacity (T-AOC) at 85 d of gestation (P < 0.05). Interestingly, daidzein elevated the expression levels of the sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 1 (SLC38A1) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) genes in the placenta (P < 0.05). These results suggest that daidzein ingestion could improve sow reproductive performance by changing serum hormones, elevating anti-oxidative capacity and up-regulating critical functional genes in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | | | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, China
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Húngaro TGR, Gregnani MF, Alves-Silva T, Herse F, Alenina N, Bader M, Araújo RC. Cortisol Dose-Dependently Impairs Migration and Tube-like Formation in a Trophoblast Cell Line and Modulates Inflammatory and Angiogenic Genes. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080980. [PMID: 34440184 PMCID: PMC8393357 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several stimuli can change maternal hormone levels during pregnancy. These changes may affect trophoblastic cells and modulate the development of the embryo and the placental tissue itself. Changes in cortisol levels are associated with impaired trophoblast implantation and function, in addition to other pregnancy complications. This study aims to analyze the effects of low and high doses of cortisol on an extravillous trophoblast cell line, and the effects of various exposures to this hormone. SGHPL-4 cells were treated with cortisol at five doses (0–1000 nM) and two exposures (continuous: 24 h/day; and intermittent: 2 h/day). In intermittent treatment, cortisol acted mainly as an anti-inflammatory hormone, repressing gene expression of kinin B1 receptors, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Continuous treatment modulated inflammatory and angiogenic pathways, significantly repressing angiogenic factors and their receptors. Cortisol affected cell migration and tube-like structures formation. In conclusion, both continuous and intermittent exposure to cortisol repressed the expression of inflammatory genes, while only continuous exposure repressed the expression of angiogenic genes, suggesting that a sustained increase in the levels of this hormone is more harmful than a high short-term increase. Cortisol also impaired tube-like structures formation, and kinin receptors may be involved in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talita Guerreiro Rodrigues Húngaro
- Nephrology Program, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil;
| | - Marcos F. Gregnani
- Molecular Biology Program, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.F.G.); (T.A.-S.)
| | - Thaís Alves-Silva
- Molecular Biology Program, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.F.G.); (T.A.-S.)
| | - Florian Herse
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.H.); (N.A.)
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), a Cooperation of Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.H.); (N.A.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (F.H.); (N.A.)
- Berlin Institute of Health, 10178 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center of Molecular Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Ronaldo C. Araújo
- Nephrology Program, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil;
- Molecular Biology Program, Laboratory of Genetics and Exercise Metabolism, Biophysics Department, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (M.F.G.); (T.A.-S.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.); (R.C.A.)
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α-Solanine Causes Cellular Dysfunction of Human Trophoblast Cells via Apoptosis and Autophagy. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13010067. [PMID: 33477438 PMCID: PMC7830445 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The trophoblast, an embryonic tissue, exerts a crucial role in the processes of implantation and placentation. Toxins in food can cause malfunction of trophoblasts, resulting in apoptosis, oxidative stress, and abnormal angiogenesis. α-solanine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid, has antitumor properties on several cancer cells. However, its effect on human trophoblasts has not been elucidated. In this study, human extravillous trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells were exposed to α-solanine. Cellular functions including proliferation, migration, invasion, tube formation, and apoptosis were assessed. To monitor autophagic flux, trophoblasts were transfected with a mCherry-GFP-LC3B vector using lentiviral transduction, and expression of autophagy-related biomarkers including Beclin 1, Atgl3, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3 (MAP1-LC3) were detected. The results show that application of 20 μM α-solanine or above inhibited the cell viability, migration, invasion, and tube formation of the human trophoblast. Cell cycle was arrested at S and G2/M phases in response to 30 μM α-solanine. α-solanine induced apoptosis of HTR-8/SVneo cells and triggered autophagy by increasing the autophagic gene expression and stimulating the formation of autophagosome and autophagic flux. In conclusion, α-solanine can impair the functions of human trophoblast cells via activation of cell apoptosis and autophagy.
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Starks RR, Abu Alhasan R, Kaur H, Pennington KA, Schulz LC, Tuteja G. Transcription Factor PLAGL1 Is Associated with Angiogenic Gene Expression in the Placenta. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218317. [PMID: 33171905 PMCID: PMC7664191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the placenta is important for transporting nutrients and waste between the maternal and fetal blood supply, secreting hormones, and serving as a protective barrier. To better understand placental development, we must understand how placental gene expression is regulated. We used RNA-seq data and ChIP-seq data for the enhancer associated mark, H3k27ac, to study gene regulation in the mouse placenta at embryonic day (e) 9.5, when the placenta is developing a complex network of blood vessels. We identified several upregulated transcription factors with enriched binding sites in e9.5-specific enhancers. The most enriched transcription factor, PLAGL1 had a predicted motif in 233 regions that were significantly associated with vasculature development and response to insulin stimulus genes. We then performed several experiments using mouse placenta and a human trophoblast cell line to understand the role of PLAGL1 in placental development. In the mouse placenta, Plagl1 is expressed in endothelial cells of the labyrinth layer and is differentially expressed in placentas from mice with gestational diabetes compared to placentas from control mice in a sex-specific manner. In human trophoblast cells, siRNA knockdown significantly decreased expression of genes associated with placental vasculature development terms. In a tube assay, decreased PLAGL1 expression led to reduced cord formation. These results suggest that Plagl1 regulates overlapping gene networks in placental trophoblast and endothelial cells, and may play a critical role in placental development in normal and complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah R. Starks
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.R.S.); (R.A.A.); (H.K.)
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Rabab Abu Alhasan
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.R.S.); (R.A.A.); (H.K.)
| | - Haninder Kaur
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.R.S.); (R.A.A.); (H.K.)
| | | | - Laura C. Schulz
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Missouri, Columba, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Geetu Tuteja
- Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; (R.R.S.); (R.A.A.); (H.K.)
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Correspondence:
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10
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Basak S, Srinivas V, Mallepogu A, Duttaroy AK. Curcumin stimulates angiogenesis through VEGF and expression of HLA‐G in first‐trimester human placental trophoblasts. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1237-1251. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo POB 1046, Blindern N‐0316 Oslo Norway
- ICMR‐National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | | | - Aswani Mallepogu
- ICMR‐National Institute of Nutrition Hyderabad Telangana 500007 India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Oslo POB 1046, Blindern N‐0316 Oslo Norway
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11
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal dietary fatty acids and their roles in human placental development. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 155:102080. [PMID: 32120190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential for feto-placental growth and development. Maternal fatty acids and their metabolites are involved in every stage of pregnancy by supporting cell growth and development, cell signaling, and modulating other critical aspects of structural and functional processes. Early placentation process is critical for placental growth and function. Several fatty acids modulate angiogenesis as observed by increased tube formation and secretion of angiogenic growth factors in first-trimester human placental trophoblasts. Long-chain fatty acids stimulate angiogenesis in these cells via vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), or eicosanoids. Inadequate placental angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion of the maternal decidua and uterine spiral arterioles leads to structural and functional deficiency of placenta, which contributes to preeclampsia, pre-term intrauterine growth restriction, and spontaneous abortion and also affects overall fetal growth and development. During the third trimester of pregnancy, placental preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is of critical importance for fetal growth and development. Fatty acids cross the placental microvillous and basal membranes by mainly via plasma membrane fatty acid transport system (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, & FFARs) and cytoplasmic FABPs. Besides, a member of the major facilitator superfamily-MFSD2a, present in the placenta is involved in the supply of DHA to the fetus. Maternal factors such as diet, obesity, endocrine, inflammation can modulate the expression and activity of the placental fatty acid transport activity and thereby impact feto-placental growth and development. In this review, we discuss the maternal dietary fatty acids, and placental transport and metabolism, and their roles in placental growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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12
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The Nutritional Cytokine Leptin Promotes NSCLC by Activating the PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK Pathways in NSCLC Cells in a Paracrine Manner. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:2585743. [PMID: 31119158 PMCID: PMC6500706 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2585743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Leptin is a nutritional cytokine encoded by the obesity gene whose concentration in the tumor microenvironment is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer. However, previous evidence has suggested that there is no clear relationship between serum leptin concentrations and lung cancer progression. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the most abundant component of the tumor microenvironment in a variety of solid tumors, were recently reported to produce leptin. Therefore, it was inferred that leptin is most likely to affect non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through an autocrine and paracrine mechanism. In the current study, we investigated the paracrine effect and mechanism of leptin produced by CAFs on NSCLC by establishing a novel in vitro cell coculture system. Methods A noncontact coculture device was designed and made by 3D printing. CAFs and paired normal lung fibroblasts (NLFs) from 5 patients were successfully isolated and cocultured with two NSCLC cell lines in a coculture system. The background expression of leptin was detected by western blot. The in situ expression of leptin and its receptor (Ob-R) in NSCLC tissues and paired normal lung tissues was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we downregulated the expression of leptin in CAFs and assessed changes in its promotion on NSCLC cells in the coculture system. Finally, changes in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT were examined to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the paracrine promotion of NSCLC cells by leptin. Results Leptin was overexpressed in nearly all five primary CAF lines compared with its expression in paired NLFs. IHC staining showed that the expression of leptin was high in NSCLC cells, slightly lower in CAF, and negative in normal lung tissue. Ob-R was strongly expressed in NSCLC cells. The ability of A549 and H1299 cells to proliferate and migrate was enhanced by high leptin levels in both the cocultured fibroblasts and the culture medium. Furthermore, western blot assays suggested that the MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were activated by leptin produced by CAFs, which demonstrated that the functions of paracrine leptin in NSCLC are as those of the serum leptin to other cancers. Conclusion Leptin produced by CAF promotes proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells probably via PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathways in a paracrine manner.
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Basak S, Vilasagaram S, Naidu K, Duttaroy AK. Insulin-dependent, glucose transporter 1 mediated glucose uptake and tube formation in the human placental first trimester trophoblast cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 451:91-106. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Taylor PD, Matthews PA, Khan IY, Rees D, Itani N, Poston L. Generation of Maternal Obesity Models in Studies of Developmental Programming in Rodents. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1735:167-199. [PMID: 29380312 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mother-child cohort studies have established that both pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are independently associated with cardio-metabolic risk factors in juvenile and adult offspring, including systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In rodent studies maternal obesity confers many facets of the metabolic syndrome including a persistent sympathy-excitatory hyperresponsiveness and hypertension acquired in the early stages of development. Insight from these animal models raises the possibility that early life exposure to the nutritional and hormonal environment of obesity in pregnancy in humans may lead to early onset of metabolic syndrome and/or essential hypertension. This chapter will address the development of rodent models of maternal overnutrition and obesity, which have proved invaluable in generating testable hypotheses for clinical translation and the development of intervention strategies to stem the swelling tide of obesity and its comorbidities predicted for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Taylor
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK.
| | - Phillippa A Matthews
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Imran Y Khan
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Douglas Rees
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Nozomi Itani
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Lucilla Poston
- Division of Women's Health, Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London and King's Health Partners, London, UK
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Basak S, Sarkar A, Mathapati S, Duttaroy AK. Cellular growth and tube formation of HTR8/SVneo trophoblast: effects of exogenously added fatty acid-binding protein-4 and its inhibitor. Mol Cell Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Elzein AOM, Ali AA, Hamdan HZ, Elhassan EM, Shrif NEMA, Adam I. Materno-foetal leptin and insulin-like growth factor in low birth weight neonates. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2017; 36:31-3. [PMID: 26367191 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Low birth weight (LBW) is a health concern in developing countries. Leptin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are factors that influence LBW. A case-control study was conducted at Medani hospital, Sudan. Cases were women who had LBW deliveries ( 2,500 g) and controls were women with normal-weight babies ( 2.500 – 4,000 g). Sociodemographic and obstetrical characteristics were gathered from both groups and leptin and IGF-I levels were measured by ELISA. Cases and controls (45 in each arm) were matched in their basic data. The median (interquartile) of maternal leptin levels [9.9 (1.9 – 21.8) vs. 16.0 (9.6 – 20.8), ng/ml; P0.001] and IGF-I [1.6 (0.7 – 20.0) vs. 6.1 (4.3 – 7.1) ng/ml ; P 0.001] were significantly lower in cases than in controls. Likewise, cord serum leptin [5.8 (2.1 – 12.6) vs. 20.0 (5.1 – 37.8) ng/ml; P0.001] and cord serum IGF-I [1.7 (1.3 – 2.0) vs. 6.9 (5.9 – 7.4) ng/ml; P0.001] levels were significantly lower in cases than in controls. Significant positive correlation was found between birth weight and cord leptin ( r0.398), maternal ( r0.795) and cord ( r0.863) IGF-I levels. Maternal and cord leptin and IGF-I levels were significantly lower in LBW babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O M Elzein
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Zaeim Al-azhary University, Khartoum, Sudan
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First trimester trophoblasts forming endothelial-like tubes in vitro emulate a ‘blood vessel development’ gene expression profile. Gene Expr Patterns 2016; 21:103-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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18
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Sato A, Kamekura R, Kawata K, Kawada M, Jitsukawa S, Yamashita K, Sato N, Himi T, Ichimiya S. Novel Mechanisms of Compromised Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Homeostasis in Obesity: The Role of Leptin in Lymphatic Endothelial Cell Tube Formation and Proliferation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158408. [PMID: 27366905 PMCID: PMC4930203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone produced by adipose tissue that regulates various physiological processes. Recent studies have shown that the level of circulating leptin is elevated in obese patients and have suggested a relationship between obesity and postoperative lymphedema. However, the mechanisms by which postoperative lymphedema develops in obese patients and the mechanisms by which leptin regulates lymphatic endothelial cell homeostasis such as tube formation and cell proliferation remain unknown. Here we report that leptin regulates tube formation and cell proliferation in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs) by activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, which is downstream signaling of the leptin receptor. Additionally, we found that upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 underlies the mechanisms by which a high dose of leptin inhibits cell proliferation and tube formation. Leptin also enhanced expression of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 in HDLECs. Interestingly, IL-6 rescues the compromised cell proliferation and tube formation caused by treatment with a high dose of leptin in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which compromised HDLECs maintain their homeostasis during inflammation mediated by leptin and IL-6. Thus, regulating the level of leptin or IL-6 may be a viable strategy to reduce the incidence of postoperative lymphedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Division of Breast Surgery, KKR Sapporo Medical Center Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaya Kawada
- Division of Breast Surgery, KKR Sapporo Medical Center Tonan Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamashita
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Pandya AD, Das MK, Sarkar A, Vilasagaram S, Basak S, Duttaroy AK. Tube formation in the first trimester placental trophoblast cells: Differential effects of angiogenic growth factors and fatty acids. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:652-61. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash D. Pandya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Mrinal K. Das
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Arnab Sarkar
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | | | - Sanjay Basak
- National Institute of Nutrition; Hyderabad India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nutrition; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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20
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Wan J, Yang K, Xu Q, Chen D, Yu B, Luo Y, He J. Dietary chitosan oligosaccharide supplementation improves foetal survival and reproductive performance in multiparous sows. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13294d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a partially hydrolysed product of chitosan, has various important biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Xu
- College of Fisheries and Life Science
- Dalian Ocean University
- Dalian 116023
- P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- P. R. China
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21
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Kawwass JF, Summer R, Kallen CB. Direct effects of leptin and adiponectin on peripheral reproductive tissues: a critical review. Mol Hum Reprod 2015; 21:617-632. [PMID: 25964237 PMCID: PMC4518135 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gav025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for infertility and adverse reproductive outcomes. Adipose tissue is an important endocrine gland that secretes a host of endocrine factors, called adipokines, which modulate diverse physiologic processes including appetite, metabolism, cardiovascular function, immunity and reproduction. Altered adipokine expression in obese individuals has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a host of health disorders including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It remains unclear whether adipokines play a significant role in the pathogenesis of adverse reproductive outcomes in obese individuals and, if so, whether the adipokines are acting directly or indirectly on the peripheral reproductive tissues. Many groups have demonstrated that receptors for the adipokines leptin and adiponectin are expressed in peripheral reproductive tissues and that these adipokines are likely, therefore, to exert direct effects on these tissues. Many groups have tested for direct effects of leptin and adiponectin on reproductive tissues including the testis, ovary, uterus, placenta and egg/embryo. The hypothesis that decreased fertility potential or adverse reproductive outcomes may result, at least in part, from defects in adipokine signaling within reproductive tissues has also been tested. Here, we present a critical analysis of published studies with respect to two adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, for which significant data have been generated. Our evaluation reveals significant inconsistencies and methodological limitations regarding the direct effects of these adipokines on peripheral reproductive tissues. We also observe a pervasive failure to account for in vivo data that challenge observations made in vitro. Overall, while leptin and adiponectin may directly modulate peripheral reproductive tissues, existing data suggest that these effects are minor and non-essential to human or mouse reproductive function. Current evidence suggests that direct effects of leptin or adiponectin on peripheral reproductive tissues are unlikely to factor significantly in the adverse reproductive outcomes observed in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer F Kawwass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, WMB 4217, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ross Summer
- Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Caleb B Kallen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite C-152, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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22
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Eleuterio NM, Palei ACT, Rangel Machado JS, Tanus-Santos JE, Cavalli RC, Sandrim VC. Correlations between circulating levels of adipokines and anti-angiogenic factors in women with BMI <30 and a late-onset preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2015; 33:72-80. [PMID: 24380505 DOI: 10.3109/10641955.2013.837174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disease, directly related to high rates of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Upregulation of anti-angiogenic factors (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1; sFLT-1 and soluble endoglin; sENG) have been suggested to trigger the maternal endothelial dysfunction observed in PE. Studies focusing on the role of adiponectin and leptin, in normal pregnancy as well as in complicated pregnancies, have revelated interesting findings due to the vascular actions of such adipokines. The aims of this study were to compare plasma concentrations of the adiponectin, leptin, sENG and sFLT-1 in preeclamptic (PE, n = 27) and healthy pregnant (HP, n = 36) and to evaluate possible correlations among these adipokines and anti-angiogenic factors. There were significant increases in all biomarkers in PE compared to HP (all p < 0.05). In PE group, there were positive strong correlations among adiponectin and leptin with sFLT-1 (r = 0.85 and r = 0.47, respectively) and sEng (r = 0.74 and r = 0.56, respectively). Moreover, we observed significantly correlation among body mass index (BMI) with adiponectin (r = -0.40) and with leptin (r = 0.51) in HP, but not in PE. Moreover, while a negative correlation between sFLT-1 and BMI (r = -0.60) was found in PE, no correlation was observed regarding sEng and BMI. In summary, our findings suggest the existence of a compensatory mechanism that occurs in an attempt to correct this angiogenic imbalance in order to restore the fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibia Mariana Eleuterio
- Núcleo de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa - Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte , Rua Domingos Vieira, Belo Horizonte, MG , Brazil
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Palei AC, Spradley FT, Granger JP. Chronic hyperleptinemia results in the development of hypertension in pregnant rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R855-61. [PMID: 25761697 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00286.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that obesity is a major risk factor for preeclampsia (PE), the pathophysiological mechanisms whereby obesity and metabolic factors such as leptin increase this risk are unclear. While human data have shown that hyperleptinemia is associated with PE, the long-term effect of hyperleptinemia on blood pressure during pregnancy is unknown. Thus we tested the hypothesis whether chronic circulating leptin elevations in pregnant rats increase blood pressure and placental factors known to play a role in PE. On gestational day (GD)14, rats were assigned to the normal pregnant group with food intake ad libitum (control), leptin-treated (0.5 μg·kg(-1)·min(-1) ip) pregnant group with food intake ad libitum (pregnant+LEP), and normal pregnant group with food intake adjusted to the food intake of pregnant+LEP rats (pregnant-FR). On GD19, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was assessed and tissues were collected. Serum leptin concentration was elevated in pregnant+LEP compared with control and pregnant-FR (18.0 ± 2.8 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 0.3 ± 0.1 ng/ml; P < 0.05), which was associated with increased MAP (121.3 ± 8.1 vs. 102.4 ± 2.4 vs. 101.3 ± 1.8 mmHg; P < 0.05). Food intake and body weight were reduced in pregnant+LEP and pregnant-FR by the end of gestation. Additionally, placentas and fetuses of these groups were lighter than those of control. However, placental expression of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly greater in pregnant+LEP compared with controls (1.6 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 pg/mg; P < 0.05). In conclusion, leptin increases blood pressure and placental tumor necrosis factor-α during pregnancy despite its effect of reducing food intake and body weight, and represents a mechanism whereby obesity can promote the development of hypertension in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Palei
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Frank T Spradley
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Joey P Granger
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Cardiovascular Renal Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Barrientos G, Toro A, Moschansky P, Cohen M, Garcia MG, Rose M, Maskin B, Sánchez-Margalet V, Blois SM, Varone CL. Leptin promotes HLA-G expression on placental trophoblasts via the MEK/Erk and PI3K signaling pathways. Placenta 2015; 36:419-26. [PMID: 25649687 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of the human haemochorial placenta requires complex regulatory mechanisms to protect invasive trophoblast cells from cytotoxic responses elicited by maternal immune cells. Leptin, the adipocyte derived hormone encoded by the Lep gene, is synthesized by placental trophoblasts and exerts pleiotropic effects on the immune system, including the promotion of inflammation and the activation of T cell responses. METHODS To address its possible involvement in the modulation of maternal immune responses during pregnancy, we investigated the effect of leptin on the expression of the class Ib histocompatibility antigen HLA-G as one of the chief immunosuppressive strategies used by trophoblast cells. RESULTS In vitro incubation of the trophoblast derived Swan 71 and JEG-3 cell lines with 25-50 ng/ml recombinant leptin significantly boosted HLA-G mRNA and protein expression, and this effect was abrogated upon pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K-Akt and MEK-Erk signaling pathways. A similar stimulatory effect of leptin was observed in term placental tissue explants, though 10-fold higher doses were required for stimulation. Further, JEG-3 cells treated with a leptin antisense oligodeoxynucleotide displayed decreased HLA-G expression levels, which were partially recovered by addition of stimulating doses of exogenous hormone. Immunofluorescence and qPCR analysis confirmed leptin biosynthesis in placental tissue, further showing that invasive extravillous trophoblast cells were a main source of this hormone during the first trimester of normal pregnancies. DISCUSSION Taken together, our results show that leptin acts as an autocrine/paracrine signal promoting HLA-G expression in placental trophoblasts suggesting an important role in the regulation of immune evasion mechanisms at the fetal maternal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barrientos
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Toro
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Moschansky
- Charité Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Medicine University Berlin, Germany
| | - M Cohen
- Laboratoire d'Hormonologie, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M G Garcia
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Austral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Derqui-Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Rose
- Charité Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Medicine University Berlin, Germany
| | - B Maskin
- Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - V Sánchez-Margalet
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - S M Blois
- Charité Center 12 Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Reproductive Medicine Research Group, Medicine University Berlin, Germany.
| | - C L Varone
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, IQUIBICEN CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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The interplay between glucose and fatty acids on tube formation and fatty acid uptake in the first trimester trophoblast cells, HTR8/SVneo. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 401:11-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-014-2287-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Coleman A, Habli M, Hinton RB, Polzin W, Lim FY. Altered amniotic fluid leptin levels in twin-twin transfusion syndrome with concurrent placental insufficiency. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:1647-52. [PMID: 25248665 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.968122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure amniotic fluid leptin levels in fetuses with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) with and without placental insufficiency (PI) and determine its usefulness as a biomarker of PI. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective case control study of TTTS stage III patients from 2009 to 2011 was conducted. Cases were pregnancies with PI (TTTS-PI, n = 18) matched by stage, gestational age, and degree of cardiomyopathy to controls without PI (TTTS, n = 26). PI was strictly defined using biometric parameters. Amniotic fluid from recipient twins (RT) was taken during second trimester fetoscopic laser therapy. Leptin concentrations were determined and compared to growth parameters and birth weight. RESULTS RT-adjusted leptin was 66% higher in TTTS-PI (p = 0.016) compared to TTTS controls. Cases had significantly higher growth discordance (p = 0.004) and lower RT birth weight (p = 0.041) compared to controls. Significantly higher adjusted leptin levels were observed at birth in the TTTS-PI group when comparing those with SGA donor twins to those of normal weight (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION These data suggest a role for leptin in pregnancies complicated by TTTS with placental insufficiency. However, further studies are needed to define its mechanism and potential role as a biomarker in amniotic fluid for placental pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Coleman
- a Cincinnati Fetal Center, Center for Fetal Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA and
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Gati A, Kouidhi S, Marrakchi R, El Gaaied A, Kourda N, Derouiche A, Chebil M, Caignard A, Perier A. Obesity and renal cancer: Role of adipokines in the tumor-immune system conflict. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e27810. [PMID: 24804162 PMCID: PMC4010540 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies link obesity, as measured by increased body mass index (BMI) to the incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as well as to the cancer-related mortality of RCC patients. RCC is the third cancer most robustly associated with increased BMI. Understanding the role of the adipose tissue in renal carcinogenesis is therefore of major importance for the development of novel paradigms of RCC prevention and treatment. Here, we discuss the current knowledge on the impact of obesity on the development and progression of RCC as well as the role of adipose tissue-derived hormones (adipokines) in the conflict between growing tumors and the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Gati
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Raja Marrakchi
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel El Gaaied
- Laboratoire de Génétique; Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines; Département de Biologie; Faculté des Sciences de Tunis; Campus Universitaire; Université Tunis-el Manar; El Manar-Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kourda
- Service d'histopathologie; Hôpital Charles Nicolle; Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Chebil
- Service d'Urologie; Hôpital Charles Nicolle; Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anne Caignard
- Institut Cochin; INSERM U1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Perier
- Institut Cochin; INSERM U1016; CNRS UMR 8104; Université Paris Descartes; Paris, France
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Fatty acid-induced angiogenesis in first trimester placental trophoblast cells: Possible roles of cellular fatty acid-binding proteins. Life Sci 2013; 93:755-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that angiogenic and pro-inflammatory cytokine leptin might be implicated in ocular neovascularization. However, the potential of inhibiting leptin function in ophthalmic cells has never been explored. Here we assessed mitogenic, angiogenic, and signaling leptin activities in retinal and corneal endothelial cells and examined the capability of a specific leptin receptor (ObR) antagonist, Allo-aca, to inhibit these functions. Methods and Results The experiments were carried out in monkey retinal (RF/6A) and bovine corneal (BCE) endothelial cells. Leptin at 50-250 ng/mL stimulated the growth of both cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal mitogenic response (35±7 and 27±3% in RF6A and BCE cells, respectively) was noted at 24 h of 250 ng/mL leptin treatments. Leptin-dependent proliferation was reduced to base levels with 10 and 100 nM Allo-aca in BCE and RF6A cells, respectively. In both cell lines, leptin promoted angiogenic responses, with the maximal increase in tube formation (163±10 and 133±8% in RF6A and BCE cultures, respectively) observed under a 250 ng/mL leptin treatment for 3 h. Furthermore, in both cell lines 250 ng/mL leptin modulated the activity or expression of several signaling molecules involved in proliferation, inflammatory activity and angiogenesis, such as STAT3, Akt, and ERK1/2, COX2, and NFκB. In both cell lines, leptin-induced angiogenic and signaling responses were significantly inhibited with 100 nM Allo-aca. We also found that leptin increased its own mRNA and protein expression in both cell lines, and this autocrine effect was abolished by 100-250 nM Allo-aca. Conclusions Our data provide new insights into the role of leptin in ocular endothelial cells and represent the first original report on targeting ObR in ophthalmic cell models.
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Basak S, Duttaroy AK. Effects of fatty acids on angiogenic activity in the placental extravillious trophoblast cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:155-62. [PMID: 23153451 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids regulate angiogenesis although no such information is available in first trimester placental trophoblast cells despite the fact that angiogenesis is a critical step involving these cells in early placentation. We investigated effects of different fatty acids on angiogenesis, their uptake and metabolism and expression of lipid metabolic genes in first trimester placental trophoblast cells using HTR-8/SVneo cell line. Fatty acid uptake by these cells exhibited a saturable kinetics. Uptake of AA was consistently greater compared with that of EPA and DHA throughout the incubation period of 180 min. Use of triacsin C, an inhibitor of acyl-CoA synthetase, significantly inhibited fatty acid uptake as well as fatty acid induced cell proliferation in these cells. Angiogenic effect (as measured by tube formation) of these fatty acids was in the following order DHA> EPA> AA> OA. Angiogenic effect of these fatty acids (AA, EPA, OA) was significantly decreased in ANGPTL4 knocked down cells, indicating ANGPTL4 may be involved at least in part in fatty acid induced angiogenesis. In addition, these fatty acids altered expression of several lipid metabolic genes such as ADRP, FABP4, FABP3, and COX-2 those are involved in angiogenesis. All these data suggest that fatty acids regulate angiogenic processes in these cells via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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