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Riaz MA, Kary FL, Jensen A, Zeppernick F, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Konrad L. Long-Term Maintenance of Viable Human Endometrial Epithelial Cells to Analyze Estrogen and Progestin Effects. Cells 2024; 13:811. [PMID: 38786035 PMCID: PMC11120542 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
There are fewer investigations conducted on human primary endometrial epithelial cells (HPEECs) compared to human primary endometrial stromal cells (HPESCs). One of the main reasons is the scarcity of protocols enabling prolonged epithelial cell culture. Even though it is possible to culture HPEECs in 3D over a longer period of time, it is technically demanding. In this study, we successfully established a highly pure, stable, and long-term viable human conditionally reprogrammed endometrial epithelial cell line, designated as eCRC560. These cells stained positive for epithelial markers, estrogen and progesterone receptors, and epithelial cell-cell contacts but negative for stromal and endothelial cell markers. Estradiol (ES) reduced the abundance of ZO-1 in a time- and dose-dependent manner, in contrast to the dose-dependent increase with the progestin dienogest (DNG) when co-cultured with HPESCs. Moreover, ES significantly increased cell viability, cell migration, and invasion of the eCRC560 cells; all these effects were inhibited by pretreatment with DNG. DNG withdrawal led to a significantly disrupted monolayer of eCRC560 cells in co-culture with HPESCs, yet it markedly increased the adhesion of eCRC560 to the human mesothelial MeT-5A cells. The long-term viable eCRC560 cells are suitable for in vitro analysis of HPEECs to study the epithelial compartment of the human endometrium and endometrial pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Assad Riaz
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Franziska Louisa Kary
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Alexandra Jensen
- Institute of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Clinic Fulda, 36043 Fulda, Germany;
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; (M.A.R.); (F.L.K.); (F.Z.); (I.M.-H.)
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Liu S, Qiu J, Tang X, Li Q, Shao W. Estrogen Regulates the Expression and Function of lncRNA-H19 in Ectopic Endometrium. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:821-830. [PMID: 35789921 PMCID: PMC9250333 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s365943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and can be regulated by estrogen. This study aimed to investigate the role of estrogen in regulating the expression and function of lncRNA-H19 in endometriosis. Methods Endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were isolated from ectopic, eutopic endometrium with endometriosis and control endometrium without endometriosis, and lncRNA-H19 expression was detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ecESCs) were treated with 17β-estradiol at 10−8mol/L for 0, 12, 24 and 48 hours, and lncRNA-H19 expressions of cells were evaluated using RT-PCR. After ecESCs were treated with 17β-estradiol for 48 hours, lncRNA-H19 expression was knocked down and cell proliferative and invasive abilities were compared. Results The expression of lncRNA-H19 in ecESCs was significantly higher than that in eutopic endometrial stromal cells (euESCs) and control ESCs. After treated with 17β-estradiol, ecESCshadupregulatedlncRNA-H19 expression with time-dependent manner. Cell proliferation and invasion increased when estrogen upregulated lncRNA-H19 expression in ecESCs, however, cell proliferation restored and cell invasion did not change when lncRNA-H19 was knocked down in ecESCs. Conclusion The expression and function of lncRNA-H19 was regulated by estrogen in ecESCs, which probably contributed to the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songping Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhenjiang Maternal and Child Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Songping Liu, Email
| | - Junjun Qiu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinmei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Kong Y, Shao Y, Ren C, Yang G. Endometrial stem/progenitor cells and their roles in immunity, clinical application, and endometriosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:474. [PMID: 34425902 PMCID: PMC8383353 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial stem/progenitor cells have been proved to exist in periodically regenerated female endometrium and can be divided into three categories: endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells, CD140b+CD146+ or SUSD2+ endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs), and side population cells (SPs). Endometrial stem/progenitor cells in the menstruation blood are defined as menstrual stem cells (MenSCs). Due to their abundant sources, excellent proliferation, and autotransplantation capabilities, MenSCs are ideal candidates for cell-based therapy in regenerative medicine, inflammation, and immune-related diseases. Endometrial stem/progenitor cells also participate in the occurrence and development of endometriosis by entering the pelvic cavity from retrograde menstruation and becoming overreactive under certain conditions to form new glands and stroma through clonal expansion. Additionally, the limited bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMDSCs) in blood circulation can be recruited and infiltrated into the lesion sites, leading to the establishment of deep invasive endometriosis. On the other hand, cell derived from endometriosis may also enter the blood circulation to form circulating endometrial cells (CECs) with stem cell-like properties, and to migrate and implant into distant tissues. In this manuscript, by reviewing the available literature, we outlined the characteristics of endometrial stem/progenitor cells and summarized their roles in immunoregulation, regenerative medicine, and endometriosis, through which to provide some novel therapeutic strategies for reproductive and cancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Kong
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunxia Ren
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Gong Yang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Central Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Shanghai Fudan University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Sheikholeslami A, Kalhor N, Sheykhhasan M, Jannatifar R, Sahraei SS. Evaluating differentiation potential of the human menstrual blood-derived stem cells from infertile women into oocyte-like cells. Reprod Biol 2021; 21:100477. [PMID: 33401233 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2020.100477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the most intricate infertility problems among women is the number and quality of the oocytes. Menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) are a recently discovered source of mesenchymal stem cells which is known as a suitable source of cells for regenerative medicine. We aimed to investigate whether MenSCs as autologous cell source from endometriosis, PCOS, and healthy women have different characteristics regarding their morphology, CD marker expression pattern, differentiation potential into oocyte-like cells, and oocyte-related genes expression. Menstrual blood samples (1-2 ml) from healthy and infertile women (PCOS and endometriosis) in the age range of 22-35 years were collected. Isolated MenSCs by the Ficoll-Paque density-gradient centrifugation method was characterized by flow cytometry. MenSCs were induced under 20 % follicular fluid (FF), and then they were evaluated for differentiation by Real time-PCR and immunocytochemistry assay. MenSCs derived from endometriosis women had different morphology from PCOS and healthy women, but similar regarding their CD marker pattern. All induced MenSCs showed morphological changes and expressed oocyte related genes (STELLA, GDF9, STRA8, PRDM, LHR, FSHR, SCP3, DDX4, and ZP2) in the 2nd week of culture, but there was a significant difference between the groups. Endometriosis-derived MenSCs showed higher levels of both gene and protein expressions. These findings propose that MenSCs derived from endometriosis and PCOS patients under 20 % FF, not only could differentiate into oocyte-like cells, but also showed more differential potential in comparison with healthy women. This indicates the possibility of using the patients' own MenSCs to differentiate into the oocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Sheikholeslami
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Naser Kalhor
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Rahil Jannatifar
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Saeideh Sahraei
- Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran; Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran.
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Yilmaz BD, Bulun SE. Endometriosis and nuclear receptors. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 25:473-485. [PMID: 30809650 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is recognized as a steroid-dependent disorder; however, the precise roles of nuclear receptors (NRs) in steroid responsiveness and other signaling pathways are not well understood. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE Over the past several years, a number of paradigm-shifting breakthroughs have occurred in the area of NRs in endometriosis. We review and clarify new information regarding the mechanisms responsible for: (i) excessive estrogen biosynthesis, (ii) estrogen-dependent inflammation, (iii) defective differentiation due to progesterone resistance and (iv) enhanced survival due to deficient retinoid production and action in endometriosis. We emphasize the roles of the relevant NRs critical for these pathological processes in endometriosis. SEARCH METHODS We conducted a comprehensive search using PubMed for human, animal and cellular studies published until 2018 in the following areas: endometriosis; the steroid and orphan NRs, estrogen receptors alpha (ESR1) and beta (ESR2), progesterone receptor (PGR), steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) and chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (NR2F2); and retinoids. OUTCOMES Four distinct abnormalities in the intracavitary endometrium and extra-uterine endometriotic tissue underlie endometriosis progression: dysregulated differentiation of endometrial mesenchymal cells, abnormal epigenetic marks, inflammation activated by excess estrogen and the development of progesterone resistance. Endometriotic stromal cells compose the bulk of the lesions and demonstrate widespread epigenetic abnormalities. Endometriotic stromal cells also display a wide range of abnormal NR expression. The orphan NRs NR5A1 and NR2F2 compete to regulate steroid-synthesizing genes in endometriotic stromal cells; NR5A1 dominance gives rise to excessive estrogen formation. Endometriotic stromal cells show an abnormally low ESR1:ESR2 ratio due to excessive levels of ESR2, which mediates an estrogen-driven inflammatory process and prostaglandin formation. These cells are also deficient in PGR, leading to progesterone resistance and defective retinoid synthesis. The pattern of NR expression, involving low ESR1 and PGR and high ESR2, is reminiscent of uterine leiomyoma stem cells. This led us to speculate that endometriotic stromal cells may display stem cell characteristics found in other uterine tissues. The biologic consequences of these abnormalities in endometriotic tissue include intense inflammation, defective differentiation and enhanced survival. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Steroid- and other NR-related abnormalities exert genome-wide biologic effects via interaction with defective epigenetic programming and enhance inflammation in endometriotic stromal cells. New synthetic ligands, targeting PGR, retinoic acid receptors and ESR2, may offer novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar D Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Serdar E Bulun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 250 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, USA
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Lin TC, Wang KH, Kao AP, Chuang KH, Kuo TC. Pueraria mirifica inhibits 17β-estradiol-induced cell proliferation of human endometrial mesenchymal stem cells. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 56:765-769. [PMID: 29241917 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The notion that the human endometrium may contain a population of stem cells has recently been proposed. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the endometrium are believed to be responsible for the remarkable regenerative ability of endometrial cells. Estrogens influence the physiological and pathological processes of several hormone-dependent tissues, such as the endometrium. Pueraria mirifica (PM) is a herbal plant that contains several phytoestrogens, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumestans, and is known to exert an estrogenic effect on animal models. The present study investigated the effects of PM on the proliferation of human endometrial MSCs (hEN-MSCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS The hEN-MSCs were isolated from human endometrial tissue. The surface markers of these hEN-MSCs were identified through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. The proliferation potential of hEN-MSCs was measured through a cell proliferation assay. Multilineage differentiation ability was confirmed through Oil red O and von Kossa staining. RESULTS This study demonstrated that 17β-estradiol-responsive MSCs with Oct-4, CD90, and CD105 gene expression can be derived from the human endometrium and that PM exerts biological effects on hEN-MSCs, specifically, enhanced cell growth rate, through the estrogen receptor. Furthermore, PM at 1500 and 2000 μg/mL significantly increased cell proliferation compared with the vehicle control, and PM concentration at 1000 μg/mL significantly inhibited the enhanced cell growth rate induced by 17β-estradiol in hEN-MSCs. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the possible biological effects of PM on the proliferation of hEN-MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Chin Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Hung Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - An-Pei Kao
- Stemforce Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Cheng Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Kuo General Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
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Cousins FL, O DF, Gargett CE. Endometrial stem/progenitor cells and their role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 50:27-38. [PMID: 29503126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human endometrium regenerates on a cyclical basis each month, likely mediated by endometrial stem/progenitor cells. Several types of stem/progenitor cells have been identified: CD140b+CD146+ or SUSD2+ endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSCs), N-cadherin+ endometrial epithelial progenitor cells (eEPs), and side population (SP) cells, a heterogeneous population predominantly comprising endothelial cells. eMSCs reside in a perivascular niche and likely mediate angiogenesis and stromal regeneration. Human eEPs are located in the bases of glands in the basalis and are likely more primitive than SSEA-1+ basalis epithelial cells. Endometrial stem/progenitor cells may contribute to the pathogenesis of endometriosis by their retrograde shedding into the pelvic cavity, either after menarche or as a result of neonatal uterine bleeding. eMSCs may have a role in the generation of progesterone-resistant phenotype of endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSFs) in endometriosis. In future clinical practice, endometrial stem/progenitor cells may be used to establish diagnosis of endometriosis or as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona L Cousins
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Dorien F O
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; KU Leuven-University of Leuven, University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ Systems, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline E Gargett
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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Ghobadi F, Rahmanifar F, Mehrabani D, Tamadon A, Dianatpour M, Zare S, Razeghian Jahromi I. Endometrial mesenchymal stem stromal cells in mature and immature sheep: An in vitro study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.16.2.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Le A, Wang ZH, Dai XY, Xiao TH, Zhuo R, Zhang B, Xiao Z, Fan X. Icaritin inhibits decidualization of endometrial stromal cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5949-5955. [PMID: 29285144 PMCID: PMC5740763 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Icaritin on the proliferation and decidualization of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). A total of 20 specimens of endometrium were collected during hysterectomy at the Gynecology Department of Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital (Shenzhen, China) between August 2014 and December 2015. The endometrium was digested with high concentrations of collagenase and DNase and filtered with meshes, and then the glandular epithelial and stromal cells were separated by the adhesion purification method. The purity of stromal cells was identified by vimetin and cytokeratin 7 immunostaining. The estradiol + progesterone (E2+P4) and/or cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were added to induce an in vitro decidualization model, which was used to analyze the effect of Icaritin on the decidualization ability of the human ESCs. The decidualization markers of human ESCs, prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), was analyzed by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements of the mRNA levels, PRL immunostaining and ELISA analysis of the IGFBP-1 protein levels in the cells or cell culture supernatant separately. The results demonstrated that treatment with E2+P4 and/or cAMP for 96 h was able to induce decidualization in ESCs, and that the cells demonstrated polygon-shaped epithelioid changes. The cell nuclei revealed multinuclear changes, and the cells were also observed to be large and round in shape. The PRL expression and upregulated IGFBP-1 mRNA and protein levels in the E2+P4+cAMP treatment group indicated successful decidualization of the in vitro model. However, the addition of Icaritin inhibited the expression of PRL and IGFBP-1 mRNA, as well as IGFBP-1 protein in the induced ESCs compared with groups without Icaritin. These results suggest that Icaritin was able to inhibit the expression of decidualization-related genes in ESCs in vitro. However, the exact mechanisms require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiwen Le
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Hai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yun Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Tian Hui Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zhuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Shenzhen Nanshan People's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518052, P.R. China
| | - Baozhen Zhang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Zhonglin Xiao
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Xiujun Fan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Health, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
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Vallvé-Juanico J, Suárez-Salvador E, Castellví J, Ballesteros A, Taylor HS, Gil-Moreno A, Santamaria X. Aberrant expression of epithelial leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-positive cells in the eutopic endometrium in endometriosis and implications in deep-infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2017; 108:858-867.e2. [PMID: 28923287 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-positive (LGR5+) cells from the endometrium of women with endometriosis. DESIGN Prospective experimental study. SETTING University hospital/fertility clinic. PATIENT(S) Twenty-seven women with endometriosis who underwent surgery and 12 healthy egg donors, together comprising 39 endometrial samples. INTERVENTION(S) Obtaining of uterine aspirates by using a Cornier Pipelle. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURE(S) Immunofluorescence in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from mice and healthy and pathologic human endometrium using antibodies against LGR5, E-cadherin, and cytokeratin, and epithelial and stromal LGR5+ cells isolated from healthy and pathologic human eutopic endometrium by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and transcriptomic characterization by RNA high sequencing. RESULT(S) Immunofluorescence showed that LGR5+ cells colocalized with epithelial markers in the stroma of the endometrium only in endometriotic patients. The results from RNA high sequencing of LGR5+ cells from epithelium and stroma did not show any statistically significant differences between them. The LGR5+ versus LGR5- cells in pathologic endometrium showed 394 differentially expressed genes. The LGR5+ cells in deep-infiltrating endometriosis expressed inflammatory markers not present in the other types of the disease. CONCLUSION(S) Our results revealed the presence of aberrantly located LGR5+ cells coexpressing epithelial markers in the stromal compartment of women with endometriosis. These cells have a statistically significantly different expression profile in deep-infiltrating endometriosis in comparison with other types of endometriosis, independent of the menstrual cycle phase. Further studies are needed to elucidate their role and influence in reproductive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Vallvé-Juanico
- Department of Gynecology, IVI Barcelona S.L., Barcelona, Spain; Group of Biomedical Research in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Castellví
- Department of Pathology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Hugh S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Antonio Gil-Moreno
- Group of Biomedical Research in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Gynecology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Santamaria
- Department of Gynecology, IVI Barcelona S.L., Barcelona, Spain; Group of Biomedical Research in Gynecology, Vall Hebron Research Institute (VHIR) and University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.
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Liu X, Zhang Q, Guo SW. Histological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of the Similarity and Difference Between Ovarian Endometriomas and Deep Infiltrating Endometriosis. Reprod Sci 2017; 25:329-340. [PMID: 28718381 DOI: 10.1177/1933719117718275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian endometrioma (OMA) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) have long been recognized to have different histology and, as such, postulated to be 2 separate disease entities. Few studies, however, have attempted to elucidate the causes for their differences. Making use of ectopic endometrial tissue samples from 25 and 20 women with OMA and DIE, respectively, and control endometrial tissue samples from 25 women without endometriosis, we conducted an immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate the expression of a group of carefully chosen markers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation (FMT), smooth muscle metaplasia (SMM), fibrosis, vascularity, hormonal receptors, and proteins involved in epigenetic modifications. We found that both OMA and DIE lesions exhibited the same cellular changes consistent with EMT, FMT, SMM, and fibrosis as already shown in animal models. Compared to OMA, DIE lesions underwent more thorough and extensive EMT, FMT, and SMM and, consequently, displayed significantly higher fibrotic content but less vascularity. The 2 conditions also showed different expression levels of hormonal receptors. Both OMA and DIE lesions, especially the latter, showed significantly higher staining of enhancer of zeste homolog 2, H3K9me3, and H3K27me3 than that of control endometrium, suggesting progressive epigenetic changes concomitant with cellular ones. Finally, proteins that are known to be involved in fibrogenesis, such as thymocyte differentiation antigen 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ , were also aberrantly expressed under both conditions. The many similarities shared by both OMA and DIE indicate that the 2 conditions may actually share the same pathogenesis/pathophysiology. Their differences, however, suggest that the source of these differences may result from the different lesional microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishi Liu
- 1 Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- 1 Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- 1 Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
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12
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Adult Stem Cells in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Endometriosis. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2017. [DOI: 10.5301/jeppd.5000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human endometrium is a dynamic tissue that undergoes approximately 400 cyclical episodes of proliferation, differentiation, shedding, and regeneration in a woman's reproductive lifespan. The regenerative capacity of human endometrium is likely mediated by adult stem cells. At the cellular level, endometrial mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, located in both the functionalis and basalis layers, support regeneration of the stromal vascular compartment and epithelial progenitor cells, postulated to reside in the basalis epithelium, likely regenerate the glands. Bone marrow adult stem cells, including endothelial progenitor cells, may also participate. Endometriosis can be considered an endometrial proliferative disorder due to dysregulation of the cellular and molecular regenerative processes. Endometriosis is primarily thought to occur via retrograde menstruation of endometrial debris. It is postulated that endometrial stem/progenitor cells, which have been identified in menstrual blood, are shed into the peritoneal cavity where they adhere to pelvic organs and initiate endometriotic lesions. The homing of bone-marrow-derived adult stem cells to endometriotic lesions is thought to drive progression of the disease. New drug therapies are urgently required for the treatment of endometriosis due to frequent disease recurrence with current surgical or medical treatments. Medications directly targeting endometrial stem/progenitor cells during menstruation, or following surgery, or targeting bone marrow cell trafficking, are potential targets for future therapies to manage disease initiation and progression. In this review, we will summarize the current literature on adult stem cell contributions to the development of endometriosis and will then examine the current potential therapies that may target endometrial stem/progenitor cells.
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13
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Jafarabadi M, Salehnia M, Sadafi R. Evaluation of two endometriosis models by transplantation of human endometrial tissue fragments and human endometrial mesenchymal cells. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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14
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He H, Liu R, Xiong W, Pu D, Wang S, Li T. Lentiviral vector-mediated down-regulation of Notch1 in endometrial stem cells results in proliferation and migration in endometriosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:210-8. [PMID: 27389878 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent characterization of stem/progenitor cells in the endometrium has shed new light for pathogenesis of endometriosis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of Notch1, known as a cell fate regulator, in the mechanism of endometriosis. Influence of Notch1 on endometrial stem cells proliferation and migration was evaluated by knocking down Notch1 expression using shRNA. Furthermore, human endometrial stromal and epithelial stem cells with or without LV-Notch1-shRNA were injected into the peritoneal cavity of nude mice, to assess the in vivo effects of a specific antagonist of Notch1 on the progression of endometriosis. The results showed that LV-Notch1-shRNA led to a significant decline of clonogenicity and migration in human endometrial stem cells in vitro, as well as the size of endometriotic lesions in murine models. These data provide evidence that specific inhibition of Notch1 alters endometriotic tissue growth and progression, and may represent a promising potential therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Demin Pu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shixuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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15
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Simmen RCM, Heard ME, Simmen AM, Montales MTM, Marji M, Scanlon S, Pabona JMP. The Krüppel-like factors in female reproductive system pathologies. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:R89-R101. [PMID: 25654975 PMCID: PMC4369192 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female reproductive tract pathologies arise largely from dysregulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor signaling, leading to aberrant cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The signaling pathways orchestrated by these nuclear receptors are complex, require the participation of many nuclear proteins serving as key binding partners or targets, and involve a range of paracrine and autocrine regulatory circuits. The members of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors are ubiquitously expressed in reproductive tissues and have been increasingly implicated as critical co-regulators and integrators of steroid hormone actions. Herein, we explore the involvement of KLF family members in uterine pathology, describe their currently known molecular mechanisms, and discuss their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Melissa E Heard
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Angela M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Maria Theresa M Montales
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Meera Marji
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Samantha Scanlon
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - John Mark P Pabona
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
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16
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Djokovic D, Calhaz-Jorge C. Somatic stem cells and their dysfunction in endometriosis. Front Surg 2015; 1:51. [PMID: 25593975 PMCID: PMC4286966 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2014.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that somatic stem cells (SSCs) of different types prominently contribute to endometrium-associated disorders such as endometriosis. We reviewed the pertinent studies available on PubMed, published in English language until December 2014 and focused on the involvement of SSCs in the pathogenesis of this common gynecological disease. A concise summary of the data obtained from in vitro experiments, animal models, and human tissue analyses provides insights into the SSC dysregulation in endometriotic lesions. In addition, a set of research results is presented supporting that SSC-targeting, in combination with hormonal therapy, may result in improved control of the disease, while a more in-depth characterization of endometriosis SSCs may contribute to the development of early-disease diagnostic tests with increased sensitivity and specificity. Key message: Seemingly essential for the establishment and progression of endometriotic lesions, dysregulated SSCs, and associated molecular alterations hold a promise as potential endometriosis markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Djokovic
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal ; Serviço de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Hospital de São Francisco Xavier , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Carlos Calhaz-Jorge
- Clínica Universitária de Obstetrícia e Ginecologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa , Lisbon , Portugal ; Departamento de Obstetrícia, Ginecologia e Medicina da Reprodução, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte , Lisbon , Portugal
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