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Popham K, Kandasamy Y. The impact of smoking and nicotine exposure during pregnancy on fetal nephrogenesis: a systematic review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:559-569. [PMID: 37969035 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The effect of smoking and nicotine exposure during pregnancy on fetal nephrogenesis is a growing area of research. The objective of this systematic review is to summarise the current evidence in this research field. Our literature search identified a total of 415 articles from PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane. After electronic sorting and manual screening, 18 eligible articles were found, 6 being human studies and 12 being animal studies. Articles that did not study nicotine or smoking, did not focus on fetal kidney development, or did not include nicotine or smoking exposure during pregnancy were excluded from the systematic review. The main outcomes of the studies were kidney weight, volume and size, kidney histopathology and morphology, and kidney function. Evidence from human studies identified a reduction in fetal kidney size, volume, and weight in offspring exposed to smoking during pregnancy; and the greatest impact was seen in offspring exposed to >5-10 cigarettes per day. Animal studies investigated kidney histopathology and highlighted kidney injury and microscopic changes in response to nicotine exposure during pregnancy. Further research is required to determine the impact on kidney function. Recreational nicotine use is evolving, and with the increasing use of urine cotinine in the evaluation of nicotine exposure, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Popham
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Yogavijayan Kandasamy
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Department of Neonatology, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia
- Mothers and Babies Research Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
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Jenkinson A, Bednarczuk N, Kaltsogianni O, Williams EE, Lee R, Bhat R, Dassios T, Milner AD, Greenough A. Ventilatory response to added dead space in infants exposed to second-hand smoke in pregnancy. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04991-5. [PMID: 37166537 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy can adversely affect infant respiratory control. In utero nicotine exposure has been shown to blunt the infant ventilatory response to hypercapnia, which could increase the risk of sudden infant death syndrome. The potential impact of maternal second-hand smoke exposure, however, has not yet been determined. The aim of this study was to assess ventilatory response to added dead-space (inducing hypercapnia) in infants with second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy, in infants whose mothers smoked and in controls (non-smoke exposed). Infants breathed through a face mask and specialised "tube-breathing" circuit, incorporating a dead space of 4.4 ml/kg body weight. The maximum minute ventilation (MMV) during added dead space breathing was determined and the time taken to achieve 63% of the MMV calculated (the time constant (TC) of the response). Infants were studied on the postnatal ward prior to discharge home. Thirty infants (ten in each group) were studied with a median gestational age of 39 [range 37-41] weeks, birthweight of 3.1 [2.2-4.0] kg, and postnatal age of 33 (21-62) h. The infants whose mothers had second-hand smoke exposure (median TC 42 s, p = 0.001), and the infants of cigarette smoking mothers (median TC 37 s, p = 0.002) had longer time constants than the controls (median TC 29 s). There was no significant difference between the TC of the infants whose mothers had second-hand smoke exposure and those whose mothers smoked (p = 0.112). Conclusion: Second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy was associated with a delayed newborn ventilatory response. What is Known: • Maternal cigarette smoking in pregnancy can adversely affect infant respiratory control. • The potential impact of maternal second-hand smoke exposure, however, has not yet been determined. What is New: • We have assessed the ventilatory response to added dead-space (inducing hypercapnia) in newborns with second-hand smoke exposure during pregnancy, in infants whose mothers smoked, and in controls (non-smoke exposed). • Maternal second-hand smoke exposure, as well as maternal smoking, during pregnancy was associated with a delayed newborn ventilatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Jenkinson
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Nadja Bednarczuk
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ourania Kaltsogianni
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Emma E Williams
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Rebecca Lee
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Ravindra Bhat
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Theodore Dassios
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
- Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anthony D Milner
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Anne Greenough
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 4th Floor Golden Jubilee Wing, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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Ballbè M, Fu M, Masana G, Pérez-Ortuño R, Gual A, Gil F, Olmedo P, García-Algar Ó, Pascual JA, Fernández E. Passive exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in pregnancy: A case study of a family. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114490. [PMID: 36220444 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Passive exposure to the aerosols of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has been little studied. We assessed this exposure in late pregnancy in a woman and her 3-year-old child, exposed through e-cigarette use by another household member. METHODS This prospective longitudinal case study involved a family unit consisting of an e-cigarette user, a pregnant woman who delivered an infant during the study, and the couple's older 3-year-old son. At 31, 36, and 40 weeks of the pregnancy, we measured biomarkers (nicotine metabolites, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, propanediols, glycerol, and metals) in the urine and hair of all three participants and in the saliva of the adults, in cord blood at delivery, and in the breast milk at the postpartum period. RESULTS Samples from the e-cigarette user showed quantifiable concentrations of all analytes assessed (maximum urinary cotinine concentration, 4.9 ng/mL). Among samples taken from the mother, nicotine and its metabolites were found mainly in urine and also in saliva and hair, but not in cord blood. During the postpartum period, we found cotinine concentrations of 2.2 ng/mL in the mother's urine and 0.22 ng/mL in breast milk; 1,2-propanediol was generally detected in urine and saliva, but not in cord blood or breast milk. The maximum urinary cotinine concentration in the 3-year-old child was 2.6 ng/mL and propanediols also were detected in his urine. Nitrosamines were not detected in samples taken from the mother or the 3-year-old. Metals found in the refill liquid were detected at low levels in both the mother and the 3-year-old. CONCLUSIONS We detected low but not negligible concentrations of e-cigarette-related analytes (including cord blood and breast milk) in an exposed pregnant non-user and in a 3-year-old child also living in the home. Passive exposure to e-cigarette aerosols cannot be disregarded and should be assessed in larger observational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Ballbè
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; CIBER of Respirarory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Addictions Unit, Psychiatry Department, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C. Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcela Fu
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; CIBER of Respirarory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Guillem Masana
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, C. Villarroel 170, 08036, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Pérez-Ortuño
- Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Gual
- Grup de Recerca en Addiccions Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Óscar García-Algar
- Neonatology Unit, ICGON, Hospital Clínic-Maternitat, BCNatal, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jose Antonio Pascual
- Group of Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience, Neurosciences Programme, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esteve Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Av. Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199-203, 08908, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain; CIBER of Respirarory Diseases (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat (Barcelona), Spain.
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Yamasaki K, Mitsuda N, J-P NA, Eitoku M, Maeda N, Fujieda M, Suganuma N. Dose-response relationships between maternal urinary cotinine and placental weight and ratio of placental weight to birth weight: The Japan Environment and Children's Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112470. [PMID: 34883079 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies on the relationship between maternal self-reported smoking status and placental weight report inconsistent results. This study examined the relationships between maternal urinary cotinine concentration and placental weight and the ratio of placental weight to birth weight (PW/BW ratio). The study also examined the relationship between maternal smoking status, as determined by cotinine concentration, with placental weight and with PW/BW ratio, stratified by sex of offspring. METHODS Our analysis used information of 91,049 mother-child pairs enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Maternal urinary cotinine concentration was quantified (during the second or third trimester) with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Using restricted cubic splines, placental weight and PW/BW ratio were plotted against natural log-transformed cotinine concentration. Taking cotinine levels of <0.17 ng/mL, 0.17 to <21.5 ng/mL (natural log-transformed values, -1.77 to 3.07), and ≥21.5 ng/mL as indicative of non-smokers, passive smokers, and active smokers, respectively, the relationships between maternal smoking status and placental weight and PW/BW ratio were examined, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS Placental weight and PW/BW ratio increased with increasing cotinine concentration. After cotinine reached a certain concentration, the placental weight decreased in male offspring whereas it plateaued in female offspring. Compared with not smoking, active smoking during pregnancy significantly increased placental weight and PW/BW ratio. CONCLUSION Placental weight responded as an inverted U-shape whereas the PW/BW ratio followed a J-shape with increasing maternal urinary cotinine concentration measured during pregnancy, suggesting exposure to tobacco smoke induces a disproportionate reduction in fetal growth. The effect of tobacco smoke on placental growth varied by sex of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Yamasaki
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan
| | - Naomi Mitsuda
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan
| | - Naw Awn J-P
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Eitoku
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan.
| | - Nagamasa Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan
| | - Mikiya Fujieda
- Department of Pediatrics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Japan
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Decreased head circumference at birth associated with maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy on the Japanese prospective birth cohort study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18949. [PMID: 34556740 PMCID: PMC8460647 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal tobacco smoke exposure during pregnancy impairs fetal body size, including head circumference (HC) at birth; however, the mechanism still remains unclear. This analysis using a large prospective cohort study evaluated the impact of maternal tobacco exposure on their offspring's HC and the relationship with placental weight ratio (PWR) and placental abnormalities. Parents-children pairs (n = 84,856) were included from the 104,065 records of the Japan Environmental and Children's Study. Maternal perinatal clinical and social information by self-administered questionnaires, offspring's body size, and placental information were collected. Data were analyzed with binominal logistic regression analysis and path analysis. Logistic regression showed significantly elevated adjusted odds ratio (aOR) (1.653, 95% CI 1.387-1.969) for the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy on their offspring's smaller HC at birth. Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the non-smoking group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC. Path analysis showed that maternal smoking during pregnancy decreased the offspring's HC directly, but not indirectly via PWR or placental abnormalities. The quitting smoking during pregnancy group did not increase aOR for the smaller HC than the non-smoking group, suggesting that quitting smoking may reduce their offspring's neurological impairment even after pregnancy.
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Ghelli F, Bellisario V, Squillacioti G, Grignani E, Garzaro G, Buglisi M, Bergamaschi E, Bono R. Oxidative stress induction in woodworkers occupationally exposed to wood dust and formaldehyde. J Occup Med Toxicol 2021; 16:4. [PMID: 33563312 PMCID: PMC7871551 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00293-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many workers are exposed to wood dust (WD) and formaldehyde (FA), whose carcinogenic activity is supposed to be oxidative stress-mediated. This study aims to assess to what extent the occupational exposure to WD and FA, albeit within regulatory limits, could result in OS induction in a woodworkers' population. METHODS The sample population consisted of 127 woodworkers from 4 factories and 111 unexposed controls. Individual exposure was assessed by personal air-samplers. Each participant enrolled in the study filled out a questionnaire and provided a urinary sample to quantify OS biomarkers, namely 15-F2t-IsoProstane (15-F2t-IsoP) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo). The main confounding factor for OS, i.e. tobacco smoking exposure, was assessed by measuring cotinine in urine samples. RESULTS Woodworkers were exposed to significantly higher amounts of WD and FA as compared to controls (p < 0.001). Among OS biomarkers, 15-F2t-IsoP showed statistically significant higher values in woodworkers compared to controls (p = 0.004). A significant, positive correlation was observed between 15-F2t-IsoP and 8-oxo-dGuo (p = 0.005), cotinine (p = 0.05), FA (p < 0.001) and WD (p = 0.01); 8-oxo-dGuo was significantly correlated with cotinine (p = 0.001) and WD (p = 0.004). In addition, WD and FA were significantly correlated each other (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study confirms that WD and FA may induce OS in woodworkers, and highlights that even the compliance with occupational exposure limits can result in measurable biological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ghelli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Bellisario
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Squillacioti
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Grignani
- Maugeri Scientific Clinical Institutes, Via Salvatore Maugeri, 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Garzaro
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Martina Buglisi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Zuretti 29, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberto Bono
- Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, University of Turin, via Santena 5 bis, 10126, Turin, Italy.
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Ramadani M, Utomo B, Achadi EL, Gunardi H. Prenatal Secondhand Smoke Exposure: Correlation Between Nicotine in Umbilical Cord Blood and Neonatal Anthropometry. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2019; 10:234-239. [PMID: 31497495 PMCID: PMC6711716 DOI: 10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Nicotine narrows uterine blood vessels reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus. This study examined the effects of fetal exposure to secondhand smoke on neonatal anthropometry. Methods This cross sectional study recruited 128 pregnant women in the third trimester of single pregnancies who had no chronic illness, were not active or ex-smokers, and who were willing to participate in the study. Pregnant women who were exposed to secondhand smoke had umbilical cord blood nicotine concentrations of ≥ 1 ng/mL. Neonatal anthropometry was assessed according to the newborn birth weight and length. The independent t-test was used to determine the neonatal difference in mean birth weight and length between the women who were exposed to secondhand smoke, and those who were not exposed. A multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the effect of secondhand smoke exposure on birth weight and birth length, controlling for potential confounding variables (weight gain during pregnancy, body mass index, parity, maternal age, and maternal hemoglobin). Results There were 35 women exposed to secondhand smoke (nicotine ≥ 1 ng/mL). Neonate birth weight and birth length were lower among mothers who were exposed to secondhand smoke. However, only neonate birth weight was significantly reduced by exposure to secondhand smoke (p = 0.005). The mean birth weight of these neonates was 2,916.5 g ± 327.3 g which was 205.6 g less than in unexposed fetuses. Conclusion Exposure of mothers to secondhand smoke during pregnancy reduces fetal development and neonatal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Ramadani
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia
| | - Budi Utomo
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Endang L Achadi
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Hartono Gunardi
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
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Ein-Mor E, Berman T, Barnett-Itzhaki Z, Göen T, Ergaz-Shaltiel Z, Natsheh J, Ben-Chetrit A, Haimov-Kochman R, Calderon-Margalit R. Newborn infant urinary cotinine and birth outcomes in the Jerusalem Environment Mother and Child Cohort Study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2019; 222:1054-1058. [PMID: 31324382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure during pregnancy can cause preterm delivery and childhood cancer. The aim of this study was to measure ETS exposure in pregnant women and in newborn infants in Israel using urinary cotinine measurements, to assess predictors of ETS exposure in these vulnerable groups, and to assess associations with birth effects (birth weight, birth length, head circumference) in newborn infants. METHODS We analyzed urinary cotinine and creatinine in 265 non-smoking pregnant women and 97 newborns, and analyzed associations with self-reported exposure to ETS, paternal smoking, sociodemographic variables and with birth outcomes (birth weight, birth length, head circumference). RESULTS 37.7% of pregnant women and 29.0% of infants had urinary cotinine concentrations above the level of quantification (LOQ) of 1 μg/L, whereas 63.8% and 50.5%, respectively, had urinary cotinine concentrations above the level of detection (LOD) of 0.5 μg/L. Median unadjusted and creatinine adjusted urinary concentrations of cotinine in pregnant women were 0.7 μg/L, and 0.9 μg/g creatinine, respectively, and in newborn infants were 0.5 μg/L, and 1.3 μg/g creatinine, respectively. We did not find an association between maternal and infant urinary cotinine level. Maternal (but not infant) urinary cotinine was significantly associated with paternal smoking (p < 0.05). Infant (but not maternal) cotinine above the LOQ was negatively associated with birth weight (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this high socioeconomic cohort, almost a third of newborn infants born to non-smoking mothers had quantifiable levels of urinary cotinine. This is the first study showing that newborns with quantifiable urinary cotinine levels have lower birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Ein-Mor
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Braun School of Public Health, POB 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Zohar Barnett-Itzhaki
- Public Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel; Bioinformatics Department, School of Life and Health Sciences, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich- Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Juma Natsheh
- Neonatology Department Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Ronit Haimov-Kochman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Calderon-Margalit
- Hadassah-Hebrew University Braun School of Public Health, POB 12272, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
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9
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Soesanti F, Uiterwaal CSPM, Grobbee DE, Hendarto A, Dalmeijer GW, Idris NS. Antenatal exposure to second hand smoke of non-smoking mothers and growth rate of their infants. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218577. [PMID: 31220162 PMCID: PMC6586334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is limited evidence on the effect of exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) in non-smoking pregnant mothers and infant health. We assessed the effects of maternal antenatal exposure to SHS on infant growth rate, and secondarily, on birth weight, birth length and head circumference at birth. Methods In this prospective cohort, 305 mother-infant pairs were studied. Mothers filled out questionnaires about exposure to SHS in pregnancy at the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Infant anthropometry was performed at birth, day 7, and months 1, 2, 4, and 6, postnatally. Linear mixed modeling and linear regression were used to calculate growth rates over the first 6 months. The association between SHS-exposure with growth rate and birth sizes was assessed using multivariate linear regression adjusted for confounders, with SHS as both number of cigarettes and as groups (no exposure, SHS < 23 cigarettes, SHS ≥ 23 cigarettes). Results Seventy-three mothers were not exposed and 232 were exposed. SHS exposure (per cigarette) was not related to gain in weight, length, head circumference, and weight for length. However, infants born to mothers exposed to ≥ 23 cigarettes/d had lower head circumference gain (-0.32 mm/m, 95% CI -0.60, -0.03) than those born to non-exposed mothers. SHS exposure (per cigarette) was not related to birth weight, length, and head circumference, but exposure to ≥ 23 cigarettes was related to lower head circumference at birth (-11.09 mm, -20.03, -2.16). Conclusions Heavy antenatal exposure to SHS in non-smoking mothers results in reduced neonatal head circumference at birth and head circumference gain over the first 6 months of life. Our findings show no clear relations between exposure to SHS during pregnancy and other markers of neonatal growth and birth size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Soesanti
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Diederick E. Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aryono Hendarto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Geertje W. Dalmeijer
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nikmah Salamia Idris
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Julius Global Health, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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10
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Kobayashi S, Sata F, Hanaoka T, Braimoh TS, Ito K, Tamura N, Araki A, Itoh S, Miyashita C, Kishi R. Association between maternal passive smoking and increased risk of delivering small-for-gestational-age infants at full-term using plasma cotinine levels from The Hokkaido Study: a prospective birth cohort. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e023200. [PMID: 30782875 PMCID: PMC6368030 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between plasma cotinine level measured at the 8th gestational month and the delivery of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, using a highly sensitive ELISA method. DESIGN Prospective birth cohort study from The Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. SETTING Hokkaido, Japan. PARTICIPANTS Our sample included 15 198 mother-infant pairs enrolled in 2003-2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES SGA, defined as a gestational age-specific weight Z-score below -2. RESULTS The number of SGA infants was 192 (1.3%). The cotinine cut-off level that differentiated SGA infants from other infants was 3.03 ng/mL for both the total population and the full-term births subgroup (sensitivity 0.307; positive predictive value 2.3%). Compared with infants of mothers with a plasma cotinine level of <3.03 ng/mL, infants of mothers with a plasma cotinine level of ≥3.03 ng/mL showed an increased OR for SGA in the total population and the full-term infant group (2.02(95% CI 1.45 to 2.83) and 2.44(95% CI 1.73 to 3.44), respectively). CONCLUSION A plasma cotinine level of ≥3.03 ng/mL, which included both passive and active smokers, was associated with an increased risk of SGA. This finding is of important relevance when educating pregnant women about avoiding prenatal passive and active smoking due to the adverse effects on their infants, even those born at full-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sata
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Health Center, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Hanaoka
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Kumiko Ito
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naomi Tamura
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Araki
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Itoh
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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BinShabaib MS, Mehmood A, Akram Z, ALHarthi SS. Peri-implant clinical and radiographic status and whole salivary cotinine levels among cigarette and waterpipe smokers and never-smokers. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:247-252. [PMID: 29925709 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to compare the peri-implant clinical and radiographic inflammatory parameters and whole salivary cotinine levels among cigarette smokers (CS), waterpipe smokers (WS) and never-smokers (NS). Thirty-four CS (Group 1), 33 WS (Group 2), and 31 NS (Group 3) were included. Peri-implant plaque index (PI), bleeding-on-probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were measured, and crestal bone loss (CBL) was assessed on standardized digital radiographs. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and whole salivary cotinine levels were measured. Peri-implant PI and PD were higher in Groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05) than in Group 3. Peri-implant BOP was significantly higher in Group 3 than in Groups 1 (P < 0.01) and 2 (P < 0.01). Peri-implant MBL was significantly higher in Groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2 (P < 0.05) than in Group 3. There were significant differences in PI, BOP, PD, and CBL between Groups 1 and 2. There was no significant difference in the whole salivary cotinine levels in Groups 1 and 2. Peri-implant sites with plaque accumulation, PD, CBL, and whole salivary cotinine levels were higher in CS and WS than in NS, but did not differ between CS and WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munerah S BinShabaib
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
| | - Abid Mehmood
- Department of Dentistry, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre
| | - Zohaib Akram
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ziauddin University
| | - Shatha S ALHarthi
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University
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12
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Abstract
Importance Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in pregnancy has been steadily increasing and has been hyped as being a safe alternative to cigarette smoking during pregnancy. This review discloses what is currently known about e-cigarette use in pregnancy and the effects of its use on pregnancy outcomes. Objective To determine what is currently known about the prevalence of e-cigarette use in pregnancy and the effects of e-cigarette use on pregnancy and perinatal/neonatal outcomes. Evidence Acquisition A PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE search was undertaken using the search terms "pregnancy" OR "pregnancy complications" OR "pregnancy outcome" OR "newborn" OR "neonate" OR "birth" AND "electronic cigarettes" OR "e-cigarettes" OR "ecigarettes" OR "vaping" OR "vape." The search was limited to the English language and between 2007 and October 12, 2017. Results The search identified 91 articles, 40 of which are the basis for this review. The prevalence of e-cigarette use is 0.6% to 15%. The amount of nicotine consumed by e-cigarette users is comparable to that consumed by cigarette smokers. Most of the animal model studies suggest a potential danger to the developing fetus primarily because of the nicotine consumed and that consumption has multiple effects on the immune system, neural development, lung function, and cardiac function. There is a widespread flawed perception that e-cigarettes are safe to use during pregnancy. Conclusions The marketing of e-cigarette use as a safer alternative to cigarette smoking has led to an increasing use even in pregnancy. The nicotine consumed by e-cigarettes is similar to that consumed by cigarette smoking. Animal studies confirm the dangers of nicotine to the developing fetus. More research needs to be done specifically assessing e-cigarette use, pregnancy, and pregnancy outcomes. Relevance The amount of nicotine consumed in cigarette smoking is similar to the amount of nicotine consumed with e-cigarettes. The effects of nicotine exposure during fetal development are well known and include effects on multiple organ systems.
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13
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Huang L, Tian FY, Fan L, He YH, Peng D, Xie C, Tao L, Yuan SX, Jia DQ, Chen WQ. Appetite during the second and third trimesters mediates the impact of prenatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure on symmetric full-term low birth weight. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:1544-1553. [PMID: 30198354 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1522299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the relationship of prenatal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and full-term low birth weight (FT-LBW) when taking anthropometric proportionality into consideration, and explore whether appetite mediates their association.Study design: We conducted a case-control study among pregnant women at two Women and Children's Hospitals in Guangdong, China. Information was collected through interview and medical records review. A series of logistic and linear regressions were used to examine the relationships of prenatal ETS exposure, appetite, and FT-LBW.Results: After adjusting for the potential confounders, prenatal ETS exposure was significantly negatively associated with FT-LBW (OR: 1.83, 95%CI: 1.35-2.48) and negatively correlated with maternal appetite in second and third trimester during pregnancy (β: -0.11, standard error: 0.03). Moreover, mediation analysis illustrated that maternal appetite partially mediated 12.00% of their relationship. However, subgroup analysis showed that prenatal ETS exposure was linked to higher risk of symmetric FT-LBW (OR: 2.26, 95%CI: 1.56-3.26) but not asymmetric FT-LBW. And maternal appetite explained only 6.45% of their relationship.Conclusions: Maternal prenatal ETS exposure increased risk of having symmetric FT-LBW infant, and appetite might mediate their relationship partially. This study emphasizes the importance of sample homogeneity and stresses the needs to improve the public awareness of the harmful effects of ETS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Huang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Ying Tian
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hui He
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ding Peng
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanbo Xie
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liu Tao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Xin Yuan
- Shenzhen Women and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - De-Qin Jia
- Foshan Women and Children's Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Assessment, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Information Management, Xinhua College, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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