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Singh S, Moodley J, Naicker T. Differential expression of the angiotensin receptors (AT1, AT2, and AT4) in the placental bed of HIV-infected preeclamptic women of African ancestry. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:1970-1982. [PMID: 37308552 PMCID: PMC10404513 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) is implicated in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia (PE). There is a paucity of data on uteroplacental angiotensin receptors AT1-2 and 4. We evaluated the immunoexpression of AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R within the placental bed of PE vs. normotensive (N) pregnancies stratified by HIV status. Placental bed (PB) biopsies (n = 180) were obtained from N and PE women. Both groups were stratified by HIV status and gestational age into early-and late onset-PE. Immuno-labeling of AT1R, AT2R, and AT4R was quantified using morphometric image analysis. Immunostaining of PB endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells of spiral arteries (VSMC) displayed an upregulation of AT1R expression compared to the N group (p < 0.0001). Downregulation of AT2R and AT4R expression was observed in PE vs. N group (p = 0.0042 and p < 0.0001), respectively. AT2R immunoexpression declined between HIV+ve and HIV-ve groups, while AT1R and AT4R displayed an increase. An increase in AT1R expression was noted in the EOPE-ve/+ve and LOPE-ve/+ve compared to N-ve/N+ve. In contrast, AT2R and AT4R expression decreased in EOPE-ve/+ve and LOPE-ve/+ve compared to N-ve/N+ve. We demonstrate a significant downregulation of AT2R and AT4R with a concomitant elevated AT1R immunoexpression within PB of HIV-infected PE women. In addition, a decline in AT2R and AT4R with an increase in AT1R immunoexpression in PE, EOPE, and LOPE vs. normotensive pregnancies, irrespective of HIV status. Thus highlighting differential immunoexpression of uteroplacental RAAS receptors based on pregnancy type, HIV status, and gestational age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoohana Singh
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Ma Q, Chang L, Wang W, Che L, Song X, Li G, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Gu Z, Ge X. Leucyl and Cystinyl Aminopeptidase as a Prognostic-Related Biomarker in OV Correlating with Immune Infiltrates. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2023; 16:551-568. [PMID: 37293607 PMCID: PMC10244028 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It was indicated that tumor intrinsic heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ovarian cancer (OV) influence immunotherapy efficacy and patient outcomes. Leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) encodes a zinc-dependent aminopeptidase, which has been proved to participant in the vesicle-mediated transport and class I MHC mediated antigen processing and presentation. However, the function of LNPEP in TME of OV and its potential molecular mechanisms have not been determined. Therefore, we aimed to investigate a prognostic biomarker which may be helpful in identifying TME heterogeneity of ovarian cancer. Methods In this study, bioinformatics databases were used to explore the expression profile and immune infiltration of LNPEP. Bioinformatics analyses of survival data and interactors of LNPEP were conducted to predict the prognostic value of LNPEP in OV. The protein levels of LNPEP were validated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Results Based on the TCGA data, our data displayed that the mRNA expression of LNPEP was markedly down-regulated in ovarian cancer than that in para-cancer tissues, contrary to the protein level. Importantly, high LNPEP expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with OV. Furthermore, Cox regression analysis showed that LNPEP was an independent prognostic factor in OV. GO and KEGG pathway analyses indicated the co-expressed genes of LNPEP were mainly related to a variety of immune-related pathways, including Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, Th17 cell differentiation, and immunoregulatory interaction. Our data also demonstrated that the expression of LNPEP was strongly correlated with immune infiltration levels, immunomodulators, chemokines and chemokine receptors. Conclusion In our study, we identified and established a prognostic signature of immune-related LNPEP in OV, which will be of great value in predicting the prognosis of clinical trials and may become a new therapeutic target for immunological research and potential prognostic biomarker in OV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ma
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Che
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Song
- Physical Examination Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gailing Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibing Chen
- Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyu Gu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People’s Republic of China
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HIV Associated Preeclampsia: A Multifactorial Appraisal. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179157. [PMID: 34502066 PMCID: PMC8431090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This review explores angiogenesis, vascular dysfunction, the complement system, RAAS, apoptosis and NETosis as potential pathways that are dysregulated during preeclampsia, HIV infection and ART usage. Results: HIV-1 accessory and matrix proteins are protagonists for the elevation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and elevation of adhesion markers. Despite the immunodeficiency during HIV-1 infection, HIV-1 exploits our cellular defence arsenal by escaping cell-mediated lysis, yet HIV-1 infectivity is enhanced via C5a release of TNF-α and IL-6. This review demonstrates that PE is an oxidatively stressed microenvironment associated with increased apoptosis and NETosis, but with a decline in angiogenesis. Immune reconstitution in the duality of HIV-1 and PE by protease inhibitors, HAART and nucleoside reverse transcriptase, affect similar cellular pathways that eventuate in loss of endothelial cell integrity and, hence, its dysfunction. Conclusions: HIV-1 infection, preeclampsia and ARTs differentially affect endothelial cell function. In the synergy of both conditions, endothelial dysfunction predominates. This knowledge will help us to understand the effect of HIV infection and ART on immune reconstitution in preeclampsia.
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Nonn O, Fischer C, Geisberger S, El-Heliebi A, Kroneis T, Forstner D, Desoye G, Staff AC, Sugulle M, Dechend R, Pecks U, Kollmann M, Stern C, Cartwright JE, Whitley GS, Thilaganathan B, Wadsack C, Huppertz B, Herse F, Gauster M. Maternal Angiotensin Increases Placental Leptin in Early Gestation via an Alternative Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway: Suggesting a Link to Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2021; 77:1723-1736. [PMID: 33775117 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Nonn
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Cornelius Fischer
- Berlin Institute of Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (C.F., S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Geisberger
- Berlin Institute of Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (C.F., S.G.).,Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Berlin, Germany (S.G., R.D., F.H.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (S.G.).,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Amin El-Heliebi
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Désirée Forstner
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.D., M.K., C.S., C.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (A.C.S., M.S.).,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (A.C.S., M.S.)
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (A.C.S., M.S.).,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (A.C.S., M.S.)
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Berlin, Germany (S.G., R.D., F.H.)
| | - Ulrich Pecks
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (U.P.)
| | - Martina Kollmann
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.D., M.K., C.S., C.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Stern
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.D., M.K., C.S., C.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Judith E Cartwright
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (J.E.C., G.S.W.)
| | - Guy S Whitley
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (J.E.C., G.S.W.)
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.T.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.D., M.K., C.S., C.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Herse
- Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Berlin, Germany (S.G., R.D., F.H.)
| | - Martin Gauster
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
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