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Minopoli M, Noël L, Dagge A, Blayney G, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B. Maternal ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation: influence on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024. [PMID: 38419266 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the relative importance of ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation in determining the likelihood and the percentage of composite adverse pregnancy outcomes (CAPO) and composite of severe adverse pregnancy outcomes (CAPO-S) METHODS: This is a single centre retrospective cohort study conducted in a tertiary maternity unit. Data regarding the ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation were collected for 13,165 singleton pregnant women routinely screened in the first trimester for preeclampsia using the Fetal Medicine Foundation combined algorithm. RESULTS The prevalence or risk of CAPO was 16.3% for White women, 29.3% for Black women and 29.3% for South Asian women. However, half of all CAPO cases (51.7%) occurred in White women. There is a strong interaction between ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation (as measured with indices of multiple deprivation). Both influence the prevalence of CAPO and CAPO-S, with the contribution of ethnicity being strongest. CONCLUSIONS Black and Asian ethnicity as well as socioeconomic deprivation influence the prevalence of placentally-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes. Despite this, most adverse pregnancy outcomes occur in White women, who represent the majority of the population and are also affected by socioeconomic deprivation. For these reasons, inclusion of socioeconomic deprivation should be considered in early pregnancy risk assessment for placentally-mediated CAPO. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Minopoli
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Study di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Noël
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - A Dagge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Northern Lisbon University Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - G Blayney
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Royal Jubilee Maternity Service, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - A Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Kitt J, Krasner S, Barr L, Frost A, Tucker K, Bateman PA, Suriano K, Kenworthy Y, Lapidaire W, Lacharie M, Mills R, Roman C, Mackillop L, Cairns A, Aye C, Ferreira V, Piechnik S, Lukaschuk E, Thilaganathan B, Chappell LC, Lewandowski AJ, McManus RJ, Leeson P. Cardiac Remodeling After Hypertensive Pregnancy Following Physician-Optimized Blood Pressure Self-Management: The POP-HT Randomized Clinical Trial Imaging Substudy. Circulation 2024; 149:529-541. [PMID: 37950907 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive pregnancy disorders are associated with adverse cardiac remodeling, which can fail to reverse in the postpartum period in some women. The Physician-Optimized Postpartum Hypertension Treatment trial demonstrated that improved blood pressure control while the cardiovascular system recovers postpartum associates with persistently reduced blood pressure. We now report the effect on cardiac remodeling. METHODS In this prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point trial, in a single UK hospital, 220 women were randomly assigned 1:1 to self-monitoring with research physician-optimized antihypertensive titration or usual postnatal care from a primary care physician and midwife. Participants were 18 years of age or older, with preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, requiring antihypertensives on hospital discharge postnatally. Prespecified secondary cardiac imaging outcomes were recorded by echocardiography around delivery, and again at blood pressure primary outcome assessment, around 9 months postpartum, when cardiovascular magnetic resonance was also performed. RESULTS A total of 187 women (101 intervention; 86 usual care) underwent echocardiography at baseline and follow-up, at a mean 258±14.6 days postpartum, of which 174 (93 intervention; 81 usual care) also had cardiovascular magnetic resonance at follow-up. Relative wall thickness by echocardiography was 0.06 (95% CI, 0.07-0.05; P<0.001) lower in the intervention group between baseline and follow-up, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance at follow-up demonstrated a lower left ventricular mass (-6.37 g/m2; 95% CI, -7.99 to -4.74; P<0.001), end-diastolic volume (-3.87 mL/m2; 95% CI, -6.77 to -0.98; P=0.009), and end-systolic volume (-3.25 mL/m2; 95% CI, 4.87 to -1.63; P<0.001) and higher left and right ventricular ejection fraction by 2.6% (95% CI, 1.3-3.9; P<0.001) and 2.8% (95% CI, 1.4-4.1; P<0.001), respectively. Echocardiography-assessed left ventricular diastolic function demonstrated a mean difference in average E/E' of 0.52 (95% CI, -0.97 to -0.07; P=0.024) and a reduction in left atrial volumes of -4.33 mL/m2 (95% CI, -5.52 to -3.21; P<0.001) between baseline and follow-up when adjusted for baseline differences in measures. CONCLUSIONS Short-term postnatal optimization of blood pressure control after hypertensive pregnancy, through self-monitoring and physician-guided antihypertensive titration, associates with long-term changes in cardiovascular structure and function, in a pattern associated with more favorable cardiovascular outcomes. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04273854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Kitt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (J.K., S.K., A.F., K.S., Y.K., W.L., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences (J.K., K.T., P.A.B., R.J.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Krasner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (J.K., S.K., A.F., K.S., Y.K., W.L., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Logan Barr
- Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Canada (L.B.)
| | - Annabelle Frost
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (J.K., S.K., A.F., K.S., Y.K., W.L., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health (A.F., L.M., A.C., C.A.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Tucker
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences (J.K., K.T., P.A.B., R.J.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Bateman
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences (J.K., K.T., P.A.B., R.J.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Suriano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (J.K., S.K., A.F., K.S., Y.K., W.L., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Kenworthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (J.K., S.K., A.F., K.S., Y.K., W.L., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Winok Lapidaire
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (J.K., S.K., A.F., K.S., Y.K., W.L., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Lacharie
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (M.L., R.M., S.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Mills
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (M.L., R.M., S.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Roman
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science (C.R.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Mackillop
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health (A.F., L.M., A.C., C.A.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Cairns
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health (A.F., L.M., A.C., C.A.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Aye
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health (A.F., L.M., A.C., C.A.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (C.A.)
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (V.F., E.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Piechnik
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (M.L., R.M., S.P.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Lukaschuk
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (V.F., E.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.T.)
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, United Kingdom (B.T.)
| | - Lucy C Chappell
- King's College London and Guy's and St Thomas' National Health Service Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (L.C.C.)
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (J.K., S.K., A.F., K.S., Y.K., W.L., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J McManus
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences (J.K., K.T., P.A.B., R.J.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Leeson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (J.K., S.K., A.F., K.S., Y.K., W.L., A.J.L., P.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Thilaganathan B. Preface. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2024; 92:102420. [PMID: 37931335 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's Hospital, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, United Kingdom.
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Giorgione V, Di Fabrizio C, Giallongo E, Khalil A, O'Driscoll J, Whitley G, Kennedy G, Murdoch CE, Thilaganathan B. Angiogenic markers and maternal echocardiographic indices in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:206-213. [PMID: 37675647 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The maternal cardiovascular system of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) can be impaired, with higher rates of left ventricular (LV) remodeling and diastolic dysfunction compared to those with normotensive pregnancy. The primary objective of this prospective study was to correlate cardiac indices obtained by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and circulating angiogenic markers, such as soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF). METHODS In this study, 95 women with a pregnancy complicated by HDP and a group of 25 with an uncomplicated pregnancy at term underwent TTE and blood tests to measure sFlt-1 and PlGF during the peripartum period (before delivery or within a week of giving birth). Spearman's rank correlation was used to derive correlation coefficients between biomarkers and cardiac indices in the HDP and control populations. RESULTS The HDP group included 61 (64.2%) pre-eclamptic patients and, among them, 42 (68.9%) delivered before 37 weeks' gestation. Twelve women with HDP (12.6%) underwent blood sampling and TTE after delivery, and, as they showed significantly lower levels of angiogenic markers, they were excluded from the analysis. There was a correlation between sFlt-1 and LV mass index (LVMI) (r = 0.246; P = 0.026) and early diastolic mitral inflow velocity (E) and early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e') ratio (r = 0.272; P = 0.014) in the HDP group (n = 83), while in the controls, sFlt-1 showed a correlation with relative wall thickness (r = 0.409; P = 0.043), lateral e' (r = -0.562; P = 0.004) and E/e' ratio (r = 0.417; P = 0.042). PlGF correlated with LVMI (r = -0.238; P = 0.031) in HDP patients and with lateral e' (r = 0.466; P = 0.022) in controls. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio correlated with lateral e' (r = -0.568; P = 0.004) and E/e' ratio (r = 0.428; P = 0.037) in controls and with LVMI (r = 0.252; P = 0.022) and E/e' ratio (r = 0.269; P = 0.014) in HDP. CONCLUSIONS Although the current data are not able to infer causality, they confirm the intimate relationship between the maternal cardiovascular system and angiogenic markers that are used both to diagnose and indicate the severity of HDP. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giorgione
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - C Di Fabrizio
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - E Giallongo
- Intensive Care National Audit & Research Centre, London, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - J O'Driscoll
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, UK
| | - G Whitley
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - G Kennedy
- Immunoassay Biomarker Core Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - C E Murdoch
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
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Bhide A, Meroni A, Frick A, Thilaganathan B. The significance of meeting Dawes-Redman criteria in computerised antenatal fetal heart rate assessment. BJOG 2024; 131:207-212. [PMID: 37039242 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of not meeting Dawes-Redman criteria on computerised cardiotocography in high-risk pregnancies. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SETTING UK university hospital. POPULATION High-risk pregnancies undergoing antenatal assessment. METHODS We interrogated the database for records of computerised fetal heart rate assessment and pregnancy outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Neonatal outcome and stillbirths. RESULTS Excluding duplicate assessment in the same pregnancy, 14 025 records with complete information on the criteria of normality having been met and the outcome of the pregnancy were available. Criteria were not met for 907 records (6.46%). The gestational age of assessment was lower in the group not meeting criteria of normality. Overall, 32 stillbirths occurred in normally formed fetuses (2.28/1000). Stillbirths were more frequent in the group not meeting criteria (odds ratio [OR] 8.78, 95% CI 4.28-18.02). This finding persisted even after records with abnormally low short-term variation (STV) were excluded. The confidence intervals around the rate of stillbirth in the two groups overlapped beyond an STV of 8 ms. CONCLUSIONS Approximately 1:16 pregnancies do not meet the criteria of normality. The criteria are not met more often at preterm gestation than at term. The risk of stillbirth was higher in the group not meeting criteria of normality, even if cases with low STV are excluded. Cases not meeting criteria should be followed up closely, unless the STV is ≥8 ms. Stillbirths still occurred in the group meeting criteria, but the rate was lower than in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna Meroni
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's Hospital, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Minopoli M, Noël L, Meroni A, Mascherpa M, Frick A, Thilaganathan B. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women at increased risk of preterm pre-eclampsia on first-trimester combined screening. BJOG 2024; 131:81-87. [PMID: 37271740 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Uteroplacental dysfunction may not only result in pre-eclampsia (PE) but also in preterm birth (PTB), small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth and stillbirth. The aim of this study is to evaluate the positive predictive value (PPV) of first-trimester combined PE screening for all of these placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Tertiary referral maternity unit. SAMPLE A total of 13 211 singleton pregnancies. METHODS First-trimester combined screening for preterm PE using the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), PTB, SGA birth and stillbirth were combined to assess composite adverse and severe adverse pregnancy outcomes (CAPO and CAPO-S). The PPVs for CAPO and CAPO-S were calculated for women with a combined risk for preterm PE of ≥1 in 50 and ≥1 in 100. RESULTS First-trimester combined screening identified 2215 women (16.8%) with a risk of ≥1 in 100 for preterm PE. The PPVs for a risk of ≥1 in 100 for CAPO and CAPO-S were 38.8% and 18.2%, respectively. The equivalent PPVs for a risk of ≥1 in 50 were 45.1% and 21.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Women identified at high risk of preterm PE are also at increased risk of other placenta-mediated adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as PTB, SGA birth and stillbirth. Women at high risk for preterm PE after first-trimester screening may benefit from a higher surveillance care pathway, with interventions to mitigate all the adverse outcomes associated with placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Minopoli
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Study di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Laure Noël
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Anna Meroni
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Margaret Mascherpa
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alex Frick
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Ridder A, O'Driscoll J, Khalil A, Thilaganathan B. Routine first-trimester pre-eclampsia screening and maternal left ventricular geometry. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2024; 63:75-80. [PMID: 37448160 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication associated with premature cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality (i.e. before 60 years of age or in the first year postpartum). PE is associated with adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling in the peri- and postpartum periods, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to compare LV geometry by LV mass (LVM) and LVM index (LVMI) between participants with a high vs low screening risk for preterm PE in the first trimester. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies between 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation that underwent screening for preterm PE as part of their routine first-trimester ultrasound assessment at a tertiary center in London, UK, from February 2019 until March 2020. Screening for preterm PE was performed using the Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm. Participants with a screening risk of ≥ 1 in 50 for preterm PE were classified as high risk and those with a screening risk of ≤ 1 in 500 were classified as low risk. All participants underwent two-dimensional and M-mode transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS A total of 128 participants in the first trimester of pregnancy were included in the analysis, with 57 (44.5%) participants screened as low risk and 71 (55.5%) participants as high risk for PE. The risk groups did not vary in maternal age and gestational age at assessment. Maternal body surface area and body mass index were significantly higher in the high-risk group (all P < 0.05). The high-risk participants were significantly more likely to be Afro-Caribbean, nulliparous and have a family history of hypertensive disease in pregnancy as well as other cardiovascular disease (all P < 0.05). In addition, mean arterial blood pressure (P < 0.001), mean heart rate (P < 0.001), median LVM (130.06 (interquartile range, 113.62-150.50) g vs 97.44 (81.68-114.16) g; P < 0.001) and mean LVMI (72.87 ± 12.2 g/m2 vs 57.54 ± 12.72 g/m2 ; P < 0.001) were significantly higher in the high-risk group. Consequently, those in the high-risk group were more likely to have abnormal LV geometry (37.1% vs 7.0%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early echocardiographic assessment in participants at high risk of preterm PE may unmask clinically healthy individuals who are at increased risk for future cardiovascular disease. Adverse cardiac remodeling in the first trimester of pregnancy may be an indicator of decreased cardiovascular reserve and subsequent dysfunctional cardiovascular adaptation in pregnancy. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ridder
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - J O'Driscoll
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Mascherpa M, Pegoire C, Meroni A, Minopoli M, Thilaganathan B, Frick A, Bhide A. Prenatal prediction of adverse outcome using different charts and definitions of fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023. [PMID: 38145554 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal growth assessment by ultrasound aims to identify small babies that are at higher risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The current study explores if the association between suboptimal fetal growth and adverse perinatal outcome varies with different definitions of fetal growth restriction and weight charts/standards. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of 17261 singleton non-anomalous pregnancies from 24+0 weeks' gestation at a tertiary referral hospital. Estimated fetal weight (EFW) and Doppler indices were converted into gestational age specific centiles using a growth reference standard (Intergrowth-21) and various reference charts (Hadlock, Fetal Medicine Foundation [FMF] and Swedish). Test characteristics were assessed using definitions of FGR according to the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG), Society of Maternal and Fetal Medicine (SMFM) and Swedish criteria. Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as perinatal death, admission to the neonatal intensive care (NICU) at term, 5' Apgar score < 7, and therapeutic cooling for neonatal encephalopathy. The association between FGR according to different definitions and adverse perinatal outcome was compared. Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the strength of the associations between ultrasound parameters and adverse perinatal outcome. Ultrasound parameters were also tested for correlation. RESULTS Intergrowth-21 (IG-21), Hadlock and FMF fetal size references classified 1.47%, 3.55% and 4.5% fetuses respectively as FGR using the ISUOG definition and 2.87%, 8.82% and 10.6% fetuses respectively using the SMFM definition. The sensitivity of each of the definition/chart combinations for adverse perinatal outcome varied from 4.4% (ISUOG definition with IG-21 charts) to 13.2% (SMFM definition with FMF charts). The concomitant specificity also varied from 89.4% (SMFM definition with FMF charts) to 98.6% (ISUOG definition with IG-21 charts). ISUOG and Swedish criteria showed the highest specificity, positive predictive value, and positive likelihood ratio in detecting adverse outcomes irrespective of which fetal size reference charts/standards were used. Conversely, the SMFM definition had the highest sensitivity across all investigated growth charts. Low estimated fetal weight, elevated uterine artery mean PI, abnormal umbilical artery PI and abnormal cerebro-placental ratio were all significantly associated with adverse perinatal outcome and there was positive correlation between the covariates. Multivariate logistic regression showed that uterine artery Doppler mean PI and smallness (EFW below the 5th centile) were the only parameters to be consistently associated with adverse outcome irrespective of definitions or fetal size growth charts used. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of FGR is variable based on the specific definition as well as the fetal size reference chart used to diagnose FGR. Irrespective of the method of classification, the sensitivity for the identification of adverse perinatal outcome remains low. Estimated fetal weight, uterine artery and fetal Dopplers are all significant predictors of adverse perinatal outcome. As these indices are correlated to each other, a prediction algorithm is advocated to overcome the limitations of using them in isolation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mascherpa
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - C Pegoire
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Meroni
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - M Minopoli
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Study di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Frick
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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9
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Liu B, Ridder A, Smith V, Thilaganathan B, Bhide A. Feasibility of antenatal ambulatory fetal electrocardiography: a systematic review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2204390. [PMID: 37137516 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2204390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antenatal fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is currently limited by hospital-based accessibility as well as the availability of relevant equipment and expertise required to position device electrodes. Ambulatory FHR monitoring in the form of noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (NIFECG) is currently an area of research interest, particularly during the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the potential to improve maternity care and reduce hospital attendances need to be evaluated. OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and signal success of ambulatory NIFECG monitoring and identify research areas required to facilitate clinical utilization of this method of monitoring. METHODS Medline, EMBASE, and PubMed databases were searched from January 2005 to April 2021 using terms relevant to antenatal ambulatory or home NIFECG. The search was compliant with PRISMA guidelines, and was registered with the PROSPERO database (CRD42020195809). All studies reporting the clinical utilization of NIFECG inclusive of its use in the ambulatory setting performed in the antenatal period, human studies, and those in the English language were included. Those reporting novel technological methods and electrophysiological algorithms, satisfaction surveys, intrapartum studies, case reports and reviews, and animal studies were excluded. Study screening and data extraction were conducted in duplicate. Risk of bias was appraised using the Modified Downs and Black tool. Due to the heterogeneity of the reported findings, a meta-analysis was not feasible. RESULTS The search identified 193 citations, where 11 studies were deemed eligible for inclusion. All studies used a single NIFECG system with a duration of monitoring ranging from 5.6 to 21.4 h. Predefined signal acceptance threshold ranged from 34.0-80.0%. Signal success in the study populations was 48.6-95.0% and was not affected by maternal BMI. Good signals were achieved in the 2nd trimester, but less so in the early 3rd trimester. NIFECG was a well-accepted method of FHR monitoring, with up to 90.0% of women's satisfaction levels when worn during outpatient induction of labor. Placement of the acquisition device needed input from healthcare staff in every report. CONCLUSIONS Although there is evidence for the clinical feasibility of ambulatory NIFECG, the disparity in the literature limits the ability to draw firm conclusions. Further studies to establish repeatability and device validity, whilst developing standardized FHR parameters and set evidence-based standards for signal success for NIFECG are required to ascertain the clinical benefit and potential limitations of ambulatory outpatient FHR monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anna Ridder
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Vinayak Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Amar Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
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10
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Kitt J, Fox R, Frost A, Shanyinde M, Tucker K, Bateman PA, Suriano K, Kenworthy Y, McCourt A, Woodward W, Lapidaire W, Lacharie M, Santos M, Roman C, Mackillop L, Delles C, Thilaganathan B, Chappell LC, Lewandowski AJ, McManus RJ, Leeson P. Long-Term Blood Pressure Control After Hypertensive Pregnancy Following Physician-Optimized Self-Management: The POP-HT Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2023; 330:1991-1999. [PMID: 37950919 PMCID: PMC10640702 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.21523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Importance Pregnancy hypertension results in adverse cardiac remodeling and higher incidence of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in later life. Objective To evaluate whether an intervention designed to achieve better blood pressure control in the postnatal period is associated with lower blood pressure than usual outpatient care during the first 9 months postpartum. Design, Setting, and Participants Randomized, open-label, blinded, end point trial set in a single hospital in the UK. Eligible participants were aged 18 years or older, following pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, requiring antihypertensive medication postnatally when discharged. The first enrollment occurred on February 21, 2020, and the last follow-up, November 2, 2021. The follow-up period was approximately 9 months. Interventions Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to self-monitoring along with physician-optimized antihypertensive titration or usual postnatal care. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was 24-hour mean diastolic blood pressure at 9 months postpartum, adjusted for baseline postnatal blood pressure. Results Two hundred twenty participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 112) or the control group (n = 108). The mean (SD) age of participants was 32.6 (5.0) years, 40% had gestational hypertension, and 60% had preeclampsia. Two hundred participants (91%) were included in the primary analysis. The 24-hour mean (SD) diastolic blood pressure, measured at 249 (16) days postpartum, was 5.8 mm Hg lower in the intervention group (71.2 [5.6] mm Hg) than in the control group (76.6 [5.7] mm Hg). The between-group difference was -5.80 mm Hg (95% CI, -7.40 to -4.20; P < .001). Similarly, the 24-hour mean (SD) systolic blood pressure was 6.5 mm Hg lower in the intervention group (114.0 [7.7] mm Hg) than in the control group (120.3 [9.1] mm Hg). The between-group difference was -6.51 mm Hg (95% CI, -8.80 to -4.22; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance In this single-center trial, self-monitoring and physician-guided titration of antihypertensive medications was associated with lower blood pressure during the first 9 months postpartum than usual postnatal outpatient care in the UK. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04273854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Kitt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Fox
- Mercy Hospital for Women, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Annabelle Frost
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Milensu Shanyinde
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Tucker
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Bateman
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Suriano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Kenworthy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Annabelle McCourt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William Woodward
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Winok Lapidaire
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam Lacharie
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Santos
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Roman
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Mackillop
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Delles
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Molecular Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy C. Chappell
- King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Guy’s St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J. Lewandowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. McManus
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Leeson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Heijtmeijer ESET, Damhuis SE, Thilaganathan B, Groen H, Freeman LM, Middeldorp JM, Ganzevoort W, Gordijn SJ. Intrapartum epidural analgesia and emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise: association or causation? Hypothesized mechanism explored. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:757-760. [PMID: 37910798 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E S E Tabernée Heijtmeijer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S E Damhuis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Groen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L M Freeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J M Middeldorp
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Ganzevoort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S J Gordijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Damhuis SE, Groen H, Thilaganathan B, Ganzevoort W, Gordijn SJ. Effect of intrapartum epidural analgesia on rate of emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise: nationwide registry-based cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:668-674. [PMID: 37448203 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the rate of emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise after epidural analgesia (EDA) compared with that after alternative analgesia or no analgesia, and to assess whether this rate is increased in pregnancies with reduced placental reserve. METHODS This was a nationwide registry-based cohort study of 629 951 singleton pregnancies delivered at 36 + 0 to 42 + 0 weeks of gestation that were recorded in the Dutch national birth registry between 2014 and 2018, including 120 426 cases that received EDA, 86 957 that received alternative analgesia and 422 568 that received no analgesia during labor. Pregnancies with congenital anomaly, chromosomal abnormality, fetal demise, planned Cesarean delivery, non-cephalic presentation at delivery and use of multiple forms of analgesia were excluded. The primary outcome was emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise. Secondary outcomes included delivery characteristics and neonatal outcome. Negative binomial regression analysis was stratified by parity and results are presented according to birth-weight centile, after adjusting for confounding. RESULTS Among women who received EDA, 13.2% underwent emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise, compared with 4.1% of women who had no analgesia (relative risk (RR), 3.23 (95% CI, 3.16-3.31)) and 7.0% of women who received alternative analgesia (RR, 1.72 (95% CI, 1.67-1.77)). Independent of birth weight, the RR of presumed fetal compromise after EDA vs no analgesia was higher in parous women (adjusted RR (aRR), 2.15 (95% CI, 2.04-2.27)) compared with nulliparous women (RR, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.84-1.94)). Stratified for parity, the effect of EDA was modified significantly by birth-weight centile (interaction P-value, < 0.001 for nulliparous and 0.004 for parous women). The emergency delivery rate following EDA was highest in those with a birth weight < 5th centile (25.2% of nulliparous and 16.6% of parous women), falling with each increasing birth-weight centile category up to the 91st -95th centile (11.8% of nulliparous and 7.2% of parous women). CONCLUSIONS Intrapartum EDA is associated with a higher risk of emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise compared with no analgesia and alternative analgesia, after adjusting for relevant confounding. The highest rate of emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise was observed at the lowest birth-weight centiles. RRs of emergency delivery for presumed fetal compromise after EDA were modestly but consistently modified by birth-weight centile, supporting the hypothesis that the adverse effects of EDA are exacerbated by reduced placental function. While EDA provides effective pain relief during labor, alternative strategies for pain management may be preferable in pregnancies with a high background risk of fetal compromise. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Damhuis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H Groen
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - W Ganzevoort
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S J Gordijn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Simon E, Bechraoui-Quantin S, Tapia S, Cottenet J, Mariet AS, Cottin Y, Giroud M, Eicher JC, Thilaganathan B, Quantin C. Time to onset of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes after hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:296.e1-296.e22. [PMID: 36935070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased maternal cardiocerebrovascular risk after a pregnancy complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, is well documented in the literature. Recent evidence has suggested a shorter timeframe for the development of these postnatal outcomes, which could have major clinical implications. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the risk of and time to onset of maternal cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes after a pregnancy complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN This study included 2,227,711 women, without preexisting chronic hypertension, who delivered during the period 2008 to 2010: 37,043 (1.66%) were diagnosed with preeclampsia, 34,220 (1.54%) were diagnosed with gestational hypertension, and 2,156,448 had normotensive pregnancies. Hospitalizations for chronic hypertension, heart failure, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease were studied. A classical Cox regression was performed to estimate the average effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy over 10 years compared with normotensive pregnancy; moreover, an extended Cox regression was performed with a step function model to estimate the effect of the exposure variable in different time intervals: <1, 1 to 3, 3 to 5, and 5 to 10 years of follow-up. RESULTS The risk of chronic hypertension after a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia was 18 times higher in the first year (adjusted hazard ratio, 18.531; 95% confidence interval, 16.520-20.787) to only 5 times higher at 5 to 10 years after birth (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.921; 95% confidence interval, 4.640-5.218). The corresponding risks of women with gestational hypertension were 12 times higher (adjusted hazard ratio, 11.727; 95% confidence interval, 10.257-13.409]) and 6 times higher (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.854; 95% confidence interval, 5.550-6.176), respectively. For other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes, there was also a significant effect with preeclampsia (heart failure: adjusted hazard ratio, 6.662 [95% confidence interval, 4.547-9.762]; coronary heart disease: adjusted hazard ratio, 3.083 [95% confidence interval, 1.626-5.844]; cerebrovascular disease: adjusted hazard ratio, 3.567 [95% confidence interval, 2.600-4.893]; peripheral arterial disease: adjusted hazard ratio, 4.802 [95% confidence interval, 2.072-11.132]) compared with gestational hypertension in the first year of follow-up. A dose-response effect was evident for the severity of preeclampsia with the averaged 10-year adjusted hazard ratios for developing chronic hypertension after early, preterm, and late preeclampsia being 10, 7, and 6 times higher, respectively. CONCLUSION The risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes were the highest in the first year after a birth complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. We found a significant relationship with both the severity of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the gestational age of onset suggesting a possible dose-response relationship for the development of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. These findings call for an urgent focus on research into effective postnatal screening and cardiocerebrovascular risk prevention for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Simon
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Fetal Medicine, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Sonia Bechraoui-Quantin
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, and Fetal Medicine, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Solène Tapia
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Jonathan Cottenet
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Mariet
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France; Department of Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebrocardiovascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Registre des Infarctus du Myocarde de Côte d'Or, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Maurice Giroud
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France; Dijon Stroke Registry, Department of Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Cerebrocardiovascular Diseases, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | | | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Quantin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France; Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Investigation Center, University Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France; Center of Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Université Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Villejuif, France.
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14
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Giorgione V, Khalil A, O'Driscoll J, Thilaganathan B. Postpartum cardiovascular function in patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 229:292.e1-292.e15. [PMID: 36935069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with a history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which are usually mediated by the development of cardiovascular risk factors, such as chronic hypertension, metabolic syndrome, or subclinical myocardial dysfunction. Increasing evidence has been showing that little time elapses between the end of pregnancy and the development of these cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the persistence of hypertension and myocardial dysfunction at 4 months postpartum in a cohort of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and to compare the echocardiographic parameters between the peripartum and the postpartum period. STUDY DESIGN In a longitudinal prospective study, a cohort of women with preterm or term hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and an unmatched group of women with term normotensive pregnancy were recruited. Women with preexisting chronic hypertension (n=29) were included in the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy cohort. All participants underwent 2 cardiovascular assessments: the first was conducted either before or within 1 week of delivery (V1: peripartum assessment), and the second between 3 and 12 months following delivery (V2: postpartum assessment). The cardiovascular evaluation included blood pressure profile, maternal transthoracic echocardiography (left ventricular mass index, relative wall thickness, left atrial volume index, E/A, E/e', peak velocity of tricuspid regurgitation, ejection fraction, and left ventricular global longitudinal strain and twist), and metabolic assessment (fasting glycemia, insulin, lipid profile, and waist measurement). Echocardiographic data were compared between V1 and V2 using paired t test or McNemar test in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and in the control groups. RESULTS Among 260 patients with pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 33 patients with normotensive pregnancies, 219 (84.2%) and 30 (90.9%) attended postpartum follow-up, respectively. Patients were evaluated at a median of 124 days (interquartile range, 103-145) after delivery. Paired comparisons of echocardiographic findings demonstrated significant improvements in cardiac remodeling rates (left ventricular mass index [g/m2], 63.4±14.4 vs 78.9±16.2; P<.001; relative wall thickness, 0.35±0.1 vs 0.42±0.1; P<.001), most diastolic indices (E/e', 6.3±1.6 vs 7.4±1.9; P<.001), ejection fraction (ejection fraction <55%, 9 [4.1%] vs 28 [13.0%]; P<.001), and global longitudinal strain (-17.3±2.6% vs -16.2±2.4%; P<.001) in the postpartum period compared with the peripartum. The same improvements in cardiac indices were observed in the normotensive group. However, at the postnatal assessment, 153 of 219 (69.9%) had either hypertension (76/219; 34.7%) or an abnormal global longitudinal strain (125/219; 57.1%), 13 of 67 (19.4%) had metabolic syndrome, and 18 of 67 (26.9%) exhibited insulin resistance. CONCLUSION Although persistent postpartum cardiovascular impairment was evident in a substantial proportion of patients given that more than two-thirds had either hypertension or myocardial dysfunction postpartum, cardiac modifications because of pregnancy-related overload and hypertension were more pronounced in the peripartum than in the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Giorgione
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asma Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie O'Driscoll
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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15
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Giorgione V, Cauldwell M, Thilaganathan B. Pre-eclampsia and Cardiovascular Disease: From Pregnancy to Postpartum. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e42. [PMID: 37456771 PMCID: PMC10345941 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2022.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) complicate approximately 10% of pregnancies. In addition to multiorgan manifestations related to endothelial dysfunction, HDP confers an increased risk of cardiovascular disease during delivery hospitalisation, such as heart failure, pulmonary oedema, acute MI and cerebrovascular events. However, the cardiovascular legacy of HDP extends beyond birth since these women are significantly more likely to develop cardiovascular risk factors in the immediate postnatal period and major cardiovascular disease in the long term. The main mediator of cardiovascular disease in women with a history of HDP is chronic hypertension, followed by obesity, hypercholesterolaemia and diabetes. Therefore, optimising blood pressure levels from the immediate postpartum period until the first months postnatally could have beneficial effects on the development of hypertension and improve long-term cardiovascular health. Peripartum screening based on maternal demographic, and clinical and echocardiographic data could help clinicians identify women with HDP at highest risk of developing postpartum hypertension who would benefit from targeted primary cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Giorgione
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of LondonLondon, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK
| | - Matthew Cauldwell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of LondonLondon, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK
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16
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Liu B, Thilaganathan B, Bhide A. Correlation of short-term variation derived from novel ambulatory fetal electrocardiography monitor with computerized cardiotocography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 61:758-764. [PMID: 36864543 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare short-term variation (STV) outputs from a novel self-applied non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NIFECG) device with those obtained on computerized cardiotocography (cCTG). Technological and algorithmic limitations and mitigation strategies were also evaluated. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of women with a singleton pregnancy over 28 + 0 weeks' gestation attending a tertiary London hospital for cCTG assessment between June 2021 and June 2022. Women underwent concurrent monitoring with both NIFECG and cCTG for up to 1 h. Postprocessing of NIFECG data using various filtering methods produced NIFECG-STV (eSTV) values, which were compared with cCTG-STV (cSTV) outputs. Linear correlation, mean bias, precision and limits of agreement were assessed for STV derived by the different methods of computation and mathematical correction. RESULTS Overall, 306 concurrent NIFECG and cCTG traces were collected from 285 women. Fully filtered eSTV was correlated very strongly with cSTV (r = 0.911, P < 0.001), but generated results only in 142/306 (46.4%) 1-h traces owing to the removal of traces with lower-quality signals. Partial filtering generated more eSTV data (98.4%), but with a weak correlation with cSTV (r = 0.337, P < 0.001). The difference in STV between the monitors (eSTV - cSTV) increased with signal loss; in traces with > 60% signal loss, the values became highly discrepant. Removal of traces with > 60% signal loss resulted in a stronger correlation with cSTV, while still generating eSTV results for 65% of traces. Correcting these remaining eSTV values for signal loss using linear regression analysis further improved correlation with cSTV (r = 0.839, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy between STV computed by NIFECG and cCTG necessitates signal filtering, exclusion of poor-quality traces and eSTV correction. This study demonstrates that, with such correction, NIFECG is able to produce STV values that are strongly correlated with those of cCTG. This evidence base for NIFECG monitoring and interpretation is a promising step forward in the development of safe and effective at-home fetal heart-rate monitoring. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - A Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Liu B, Thilaganathan B, Bhide A. Phase-rectified signal averaging: correlation between two monitors and relationship with short-term variation of fetal heart rate. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 61:765-772. [PMID: 36864541 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish the correlation between phase-rectified signal averaging (PRSA) outputs obtained from a novel self-applicable non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NIFECG) monitor with those from computerized cardiotocography (cCTG). A secondary objective was to evaluate the potential for remote assessment of fetal wellbeing by determining the relationship between PRSA and short-term variation (STV). METHODS This was a prospective observational study of women with a singleton pregnancy over 28 + 0 weeks' gestation attending a London teaching hospital for cCTG assessment. Participants underwent concurrent cCTG and NIFECG monitoring for up to 60 min. Averaged accelerative (AAC) and decelerative (ADC) capacities and STV were derived by postprocessing and filtration of signals, generating fully (F) and partially (P) filtered results. Linear correlation and accuracy and precision analysis were performed to assess the relationship between PRSA outputs from cCTG and NIFECG, using varying anchor thresholds, and their association with STV. RESULTS A total of 306 concurrent cCTG and NIFECG traces were collected from 285 women. F-filtered NIFECG PRSA (eAAC/eADC) results were generated from 65% of traces, whereas cCTG PRSA (cAAC/cADC) outputs were generated from all. Strong correlations were observed between cAAC and F-filtered eAAC (r = 0.879, P < 0.001) and between cADC and F-filtered eADC (r = 0.895, P < 0.001). NIFECG anchor detection decreased significantly with increasing signal loss, and NIFECG PRSA indices showed considerable deviation from those of cCTG when derived from traces in which fewer than 100 anchors were detected. Removing anchor filters from NIFECG traces to generate P-filtered PRSA outputs weakened the correlation (AAC: r = 0.505, P < 0.001; ADC: r = 0.560, P < 0.001). Lowering the anchor threshold to 100 increased the yield of eAAC and eADC outputs to approximately 74%, whilst maintaining strong correlation with cAAC (r = 0.839, P < 0.001) and cADC (r = 0.815, P < 0.001), respectively. Both cAAC and cADC showed a very strong linear relationship with cCTG STV (r = 0.928, P < 0.001 and r = 0.911, P < 0.001, respectively). Similar findings were observed with eAAC (r = 0.825, P < 0.001) and eADC (r = 0.827, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PRSA appears to be a method of fetal assessment equivalent to STV, but, due to its innate ability to eliminate artifacts, it generates interpretable NIFECG traces with high accuracy at a higher rate. These findings raise the possibility of self-applied at-home or remote fetal heart-rate monitoring with automated reporting, thus enabling increased surveillance in high-risk women without impacting on service demand. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - A Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Liu B, Marler E, Thilaganathan B, Bhide A. Ambulatory antenatal fetal electrocardiography in high-risk pregnancies (AMBER): protocol for a pilot prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e062448. [PMID: 37055213 PMCID: PMC10106038 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is a vital aspect of fetal well-being assessment, and the current method of computerised cardiotocography (cCTG) is limited to the hospital setting. Non-invasive fetal ECG (NIFECG) has the ability to produce FHR patterns through R wave detection while eliminating confusion with maternal heart rate, but is presently limited to research use. Femom is a novel wireless NIFECG device that is designed to be placed without professional assistance, while connecting to mobile applications. It has the ability to achieve home FHR monitoring thereby allowing more frequent monitoring, earlier detection of deterioration, while reducing hospital attendances. This study aims to assess the feasibility, reliability, and accuracy of femom (NIFECG) by comparing its outputs to cCTG monitoring. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centred, prospective pilot study, taking place in a tertiary maternity unit. Women with a singleton pregnancy over 28+0 weeks' gestation who require antenatal cCTG monitoring for any clinical indication are eligible for recruitment. Concurrent NIFECG and cCTG monitoring will take place for up to 60 min. NIFECG signals will be postprocessed to produce FHR outputs such as baseline FHR and short-term variation (STV). Signal acceptance criteria is set as <50% of signal loss for the trace duration. Correlation, precision and accuracy studies will be performed to compare the STV and baseline FHR values produced by both devices. The impact of maternal and fetal characteristics on the effectiveness of both devices will be investigated. Other non-invasive electrophysiological assessment parameters will be assessed for its correlation with the STV, ultrasound assessments and maternal and fetal risk factors. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval has been obtained from South-East Scotland Research Ethics Committee 02 and MHRA. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals, and presented at international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04941534.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, London, UK
| | - Emily Marler
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, London, UK
| | - Amarnath Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, London, UK
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Liu B, Thilaganathan B, Bhide A. Effectiveness of ambulatory non-invasive fetal electrocardiography: impact of maternal and fetal characteristics. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2023; 102:577-584. [PMID: 36944583 PMCID: PMC10072254 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (NIFECG) has potential benefits over the computerized cardiotocography (cCTG) that may permit its development in remote fetal heart-rate monitoring. Our study aims to compare signal quality and heart-rate detection from a novel self-applicable NIFECG monitor against the cCTG, and evaluate the impact of maternal and fetal characteristics on both devices. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective observational study took place in a university hospital in London. Women with a singleton pregnancy from 28 + 0 weeks' gestation presenting for cCTG were eligible. Concurrent monitoring with both NIFECG and cCTG were performed for up to 60 minutes. Post-processing of NIFECG produced signal loss, computed in both 0.25 (E240)- and 3.75 (E16)-second epochs, and fetal heart-rate and maternal heart-rate values. cCTG signal loss was calculated in 3.75-second epochs. Accuracy and precision analysis of 0.25-second epochal fetal heart-rate and maternal heart-rate were compared between the two devices. Multiple regression analyses were performed to assess the impact of maternal and fetal characteristics on signal loss. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT04941534. RESULTS 285 women underwent concurrent monitoring. For fetal heart-rate, mean bias, precision and 95% limits of agreement were 0.1 beats per minute (bpm), 4.5 bpm and -8.7 bpm to 8.8 bpm, respectively. For maternal heart-rate, these results were -0.4 bpm, 3.3 bpm and -7.0 to 6.2 bpm, respectively. Median NIFECG E240 and E16 signal loss was 32.0% (interquartile range [IQR] 6.5%-68.5%) and 17.3% (IQR 1.8%-49.0%), respectively. E16 cCTG signal loss was 1.0% (IQR 0.0%-3.0%). For NIFECG, gestational age was negatively associated with signal loss (beta = -2.91, 95% CI -3.69 to -2.12, P < 0.001). Increased body mass index, fetal movements and lower gestational age were all associated with cCTG signal loss (beta = 0.30, 95% CI 0.17-0.43, P < 0.001; beta = 0.03, 95% CI 0.01-0.05, P = 0.014; and beta = -0.28, 95% CI -0.51 to -0.05, P = 0.017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Although NIFECG is complicated by higher signal loss, it does not appear to be influenced by increased body mass index or fetal movement. NIFECG signal loss varies according to method of computation, and standards of signal acceptability need to be defined according to the ability of the device to produce clinically reliable physiological indices. The high accuracy of heart-rate indices is promising for NIFECG usage in the remote setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Amar Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Meroni A, Mascherpa M, Minopoli M, Lambton B, Elkalaawy R, Frick A, Thilaganathan B. Is mid-gestational uterine artery Doppler still useful in a setting with routine first-trimester pre-eclampsia screening? A cohort study. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 36852521 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether routine mid-gestational uterine artery Doppler (UtAD) modifies the risk for preterm pre-eclampsia after first-trimester combined pre-eclampsia screening. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING London Tertiary Hospital. POPULATION A cohort of 7793 women with singleton pregnancies, first-trimester pre-eclampsia screening using the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm and UtAD pulsatility index (PI) assessment at the mid-gestation ultrasound. METHODS Pregnancies were divided into four groups: high risk in both trimesters (H1 H2 ), high risk in the first but not in the second trimester (H1 L2 ), low risk in the first but high risk in the second trimester (L1 H2 ) and low risk in both trimesters (L1 L2 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Small for gestational age (SGA), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and stillbirth. RESULTS In this cohort, 600 (7.7%) and 620 (7.9%) women were designated as being at high risk in the first and second trimesters, respectively. Preterm pre-eclampsia was more prevalent in the H1 L2 group (4.5%) than in women considered at low risk in the first trimester (0.4%, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of preterm pre-eclampsia in the L1 H2 group (3.3%) was significantly lower than that in women considered at high risk in the first trimester (7.0%, p = 0.0076), and was higher than that observed in the L1 L2 group (0.2%, p < 0.0001). The prevalence of SGA and term HDP followed similar trends. CONCLUSIONS Pre-eclampsia risk after first-trimester FMF pre-eclampsia screening may be stratified through mid-gestational routine UtAD assessment. Pregnancy care should not be de-escalated for low mid-gestational UtAD resistance in women classified as being at high risk in the first trimester. The escalation of care may be justified in women at low risk but with high mid-gestational UtAD resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meroni
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Margaret Mascherpa
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Monica Minopoli
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Study di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Benjamin Lambton
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rawan Elkalaawy
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alexander Frick
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Apicella C, Ruano CSM, Thilaganathan B, Khalil A, Giorgione V, Gascoin G, Marcellin L, Gaspar C, Jacques S, Murdoch CE, Miralles F, Méhats C, Vaiman D. Pan-Genomic Regulation of Gene Expression in Normal and Pathological Human Placentas. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040578. [PMID: 36831244 PMCID: PMC9954093 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we attempted to find genetic variants affecting gene expression (eQTL = expression Quantitative Trait Loci) in the human placenta in normal and pathological situations. The analysis of gene expression in placental diseases (Pre-eclampsia and Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction) is hindered by the fact that diseased placental tissue samples are generally taken at earlier gestations compared to control samples. The difference in gestational age is considered a major confounding factor in the transcriptome regulation of the placenta. To alleviate this significant problem, we propose here a novel approach to pinpoint disease-specific cis-eQTLs. By statistical correction for gestational age at sampling as well as other confounding/surrogate variables systematically searched and identified, we found 43 e-genes for which proximal SNPs influence expression level. Then, we performed the analysis again, removing the disease status from the covariates, and we identified 54 e-genes, 16 of which are identified de novo and, thus, possibly related to placental disease. We found a highly significant overlap with previous studies for the list of 43 e-genes, validating our methodology and findings. Among the 16 disease-specific e-genes, several are intrinsic to trophoblast biology and, therefore, constitute novel targets of interest to better characterize placental pathology and its varied clinical consequences. The approach that we used may also be applied to the study of other human diseases where confounding factors have hampered a better understanding of the pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Apicella
- Team ‘From Gametes to Birth’, Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris-Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Camino S. M. Ruano
- Team ‘From Gametes to Birth’, Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris-Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Asma Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Veronica Giorgione
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0RE, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Géraldine Gascoin
- Department of Neonatology, Angers University Hospital, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Louis Marcellin
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin Faculté de Médecine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre (HUPC), Université de Paris, 138 Boulevard de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Cassandra Gaspar
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, UMS Production et Analyse des données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASS, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Jacques
- Team ‘From Gametes to Birth’, Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris-Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Colin E. Murdoch
- Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Francisco Miralles
- Team ‘From Gametes to Birth’, Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris-Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Céline Méhats
- Team ‘From Gametes to Birth’, Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris-Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Team ‘From Gametes to Birth’, Institut Cochin, U1016 INSERM, UMR 8104 CNRS, Paris-Descartes University, 75014 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-44412301; Fax: +33-1-44412302
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Abstract
There is widespread acceptance of the increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases occurring within 1 to 2 decades in women following a preeclamptic pregnancy. More recent evidence suggests that the deranged biochemical and echocardiographic findings in women do not resolve in the majority of preeclamptic women following giving birth. Many women continue to be hypertensive in the immediate postnatal period with some exhibiting occult signs of cardiac dysfunction. There is now promising evidence that with close monitoring and effective control of blood pressure control in the immediate postnatal period, women may have persistently lower blood pressures many years after stopping their medication. This review highlights the evidence that delivering effective medical care in the fourth trimester of pregnancy can improve the long-term cardiovascular health after a preeclamptic birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Giorgione
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (V.G., B.T.)
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G., B.T.)
| | - Gwyneth Jansen
- GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (G.J., C.G.-D.)
- Department of Cardiology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, the Netherlands (G.J.)
| | - Jamie Kitt
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford' United Kingdom (J.K., P.L.)
| | - Chahinda Ghossein-Doha
- GROW School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands (G.J., C.G.-D.)
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht' the Netherlands (C.G.-D.)
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford' United Kingdom (J.K., P.L.)
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom (V.G., B.T.)
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (V.G., B.T.)
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Richards EMF, Thilaganathan B. Reply: Low dose aspirin prophylaxis in pregnant women with chronic hypertension: more questions than answers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 228:488-489. [PMID: 36574874 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.12.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor M F Richards
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Ruban-Fell B, Attilakos G, Haskins-Coulter T, Hyde C, Kusel J, Mackie A, Rivero-Arias O, Thilaganathan B, Thomson N, Visintin C, Marshall J. The impact of ultrasound-based antenatal screening strategies to detect vasa praevia in the United Kingdom: An exploratory study using decision analytic modelling methods. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0279229. [PMID: 36538562 PMCID: PMC9767376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this exploratory modelling study was to estimate the effects of second-trimester, ultrasound-based antenatal detection strategies for vasa praevia (VP) in a hypothetical cohort of pregnant women. For this, a decision-analytic tree model was developed covering four discrete detection pathways/strategies: no screening; screening targeted at women undergoing in-vitro fertilisation (IVF); screening targeted at women with low-lying placentas (LLP); screening targeted at women with velamentous cord insertion (VCI) or a bilobed or succenturiate (BL/S) placenta. Main outcome measures were the number of referrals to transvaginal sonography (TVS), diagnosed and undiagnosed cases of VP, overdetected cases of VCI, and VP-associated perinatal mortality. The greatest number of referrals to TVS occurred in the LLP-based (2,083) and VCI-based screening (1,319) pathways. These two pathways also led to the highest proportions of pregnancies diagnosed with VP (VCI-based screening: 552 [78.9% of all pregnancies]; LLP-based: 371 [53.5%]) and the lowest proportions of VP leading to perinatal death (VCI-based screening: 100 [14.2%]; LLP-based: 196 [28.0%]). In contrast, the IVF-based pathway resulted in 66 TVS referrals, 50 VP diagnoses (7.1% of all VP pregnancies), and 368 (52.6%) VP-associated perinatal deaths which was comparable to the no screening pathway (380 [54.3%]). The VCI-based pathway resulted in the greatest detection of VCI (14,238 [99.1%]), followed by the IVF-based pathway (443 [3.1%]); no VCI detection occurred in the LLP-based or no screening pathways. In conclusion, the model results suggest that a targeted LLP-based approach could detect a substantial proportion of VP cases, while avoiding VCI overdetection and requiring minimal changes to current clinical practice. High-quality data is required to explore the clinical and cost-effectiveness of this and other detection strategies further. This is necessary to provide a robust basis for future discussion about routine screening for VP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Attilakos
- Fetal Medicine Unit, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christopher Hyde
- Exeter Test Group, Institute of Health Research, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, St. Luke’s Campus, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne Mackie
- National Screening Committee, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Rivero-Arias
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Thomson
- The Society and College of Radiographers, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - John Marshall
- UK National Screening Committee, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Chappell LC, Brocklehurst P, Green M, Hardy P, Hunter R, Beardmore-Gray A, Bowler U, Brockbank A, Chiocchia V, Cox A, Duhig K, Fleminger J, Gill C, Greenland M, Hendy E, Kennedy A, Leeson P, Linsell L, McCarthy FP, O'Driscoll J, Placzek A, Poston L, Robson S, Rushby P, Sandall J, Scholtz L, Seed PT, Sparkes J, Stanbury K, Tohill S, Thilaganathan B, Townend J, Juszczak E, Marlow N, Shennan A. Planned delivery for pre-eclampsia between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation: the PHOENIX RCT. Health Technol Assess 2022:10.3310/CWWH0622. [PMID: 36547875 PMCID: PMC10068586 DOI: 10.3310/cwwh0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In women with late preterm pre-eclampsia (i.e. at 34+0 to 36+6 weeks' gestation), the optimal delivery time is unclear because limitation of maternal-fetal disease progression needs to be balanced against infant complications. The aim of this trial was to determine whether or not planned earlier initiation of delivery reduces maternal adverse outcomes without substantial worsening of perinatal or infant outcomes, compared with expectant management, in women with late preterm pre-eclampsia. METHODS We undertook an individually randomised, triple non-masked controlled trial in 46 maternity units across England and Wales, with an embedded health economic evaluation, comparing planned delivery and expectant management (usual care) in women with late preterm pre-eclampsia. The co-primary maternal outcome was a maternal morbidity composite or recorded systolic blood pressure of ≥ 160 mmHg (superiority hypothesis). The co-primary short-term perinatal outcome was a composite of perinatal deaths or neonatal unit admission (non-inferiority hypothesis). Analyses were by intention to treat, with an additional per-protocol analysis for the perinatal outcome. The primary 2-year infant neurodevelopmental outcome was measured using the PARCA-R (Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised) composite score. The planned sample size of the trial was 900 women; the trial is now completed. We undertook two linked substudies. RESULTS Between 29 September 2014 and 10 December 2018, 901 women were recruited; 450 women [448 women (two withdrew consent) and 471 infants] were allocated to planned delivery and 451 women (451 women and 475 infants) were allocated to expectant management. The incidence of the co-primary maternal outcome was significantly lower in the planned delivery group [289 (65%) women] than in the expectant management group [338 (75%) women] (adjusted relative risk 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.79 to 0.94; p = 0.0005). The incidence of the co-primary perinatal outcome was significantly higher in the planned delivery group [196 (42%) infants] than in the expectant management group [159 (34%) infants] (adjusted relative risk 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.08 to 1.47; p = 0.0034), but indicators of neonatal morbidity were similar in both groups. At 2-year follow-up, the mean PARCA-R scores were 89.5 points (standard deviation 18.2 points) for the planned delivery group (290 infants) and 91.9 points (standard deviation 18.4 points) for the expectant management group (256 infants), both within the normal developmental range (adjusted mean difference -2.4 points, 95% confidence interval -5.4 to 0.5 points; non-inferiority p = 0.147). Planned delivery was significantly cost-saving (-£2711, 95% confidence interval -£4840 to -£637) compared with expectant management. There were nine serious adverse events in the planned delivery group and 12 in the expectant management group. CONCLUSION In women with late preterm pre-eclampsia, planned delivery reduces short-term maternal morbidity compared with expectant management, with more neonatal unit admissions related to prematurity but no indicators of greater short-term neonatal morbidity (such as need for respiratory support). At 2-year follow-up, around 60% of parents reported follow-up scores. Average infant development was within the normal range for both groups; the small between-group mean difference in PARCA-R scores is unlikely to be clinically important. Planned delivery was significantly cost-saving to the health service. These findings should be discussed with women with late preterm pre-eclampsia to allow shared decision-making on timing of delivery. LIMITATIONS Limitations of the trial include the challenges of finding a perinatal outcome that adequately represented the potential risks of both groups and a maternal outcome that reflects the multiorgan manifestations of pre-eclampsia. The incidences of maternal and perinatal primary outcomes were higher than anticipated on the basis of previous studies, but this did not limit interpretation of the analysis. The trial was limited by a higher loss to follow-up rate than expected, meaning that the extent and direction of bias in outcomes (between responders and non-responders) is uncertain. A longer follow-up period (e.g. up to 5 years) would have enabled us to provide further evidence on long-term infant outcomes, but this runs the risk of greater attrition and increased expense. FUTURE WORK We identified a number of further questions that could be prioritised through a formal scoping process, including uncertainties around disease-modifying interventions, prognostic factors, longer-term follow-up, the perspectives of women and their families, meta-analysis with other studies, effect of a similar intervention in other health-care settings, and clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of other related policies around neonatal unit admission in late preterm birth. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was prospectively registered as ISRCTN01879376. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research ( NIHR ) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in Health Technology Assessment. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Chappell
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Brocklehurst
- Birmingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Pollyanna Hardy
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachael Hunter
- Research Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ursula Bowler
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anna Brockbank
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Virginia Chiocchia
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alice Cox
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kate Duhig
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Carolyn Gill
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Melanie Greenland
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Hendy
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ann Kennedy
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Leeson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Louise Linsell
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fergus P McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jamie O'Driscoll
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, UK
| | - Anna Placzek
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucilla Poston
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Robson
- Population Health Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Pauline Rushby
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Sandall
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Laura Scholtz
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul T Seed
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenie Sparkes
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kayleigh Stanbury
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit Clinical Trials Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Tohill
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Edmund Juszczak
- Nottingham Clinical Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Neil Marlow
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Shennan
- School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Relph S, Vieira MC, Copas A, Coxon K, Alagna A, Briley A, Johnson M, Page L, Peebles D, Shennan A, Thilaganathan B, Marlow N, Lees C, Lawlor DA, Khalil A, Sandall J, Pasupathy D, Healey A. Improving antenatal detection of small-for-gestational-age fetus: economic evaluation of Growth Assessment Protocol. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60:620-631. [PMID: 35797108 PMCID: PMC9828078 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the Growth Assessment Protocol (GAP), as implemented in the DESiGN trial, is cost-effective in terms of antenatal detection of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonate, when compared with standard care. METHODS This was an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis undertaken from the perspective of a UK National Health Service hospital provider. Thirteen maternity units from England, UK, were recruited to the DESiGN (DEtection of Small for GestatioNal age fetus) trial, a cluster randomized controlled trial. Singleton, non-anomalous pregnancies which delivered after 24 + 0 gestational weeks between November 2015 and February 2019 were analyzed. Probabilistic decision modeling using clinical trial data was undertaken. The main outcomes of the study were the expected incremental cost, the additional number of SGA neonates identified antenatally and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) (cost per additional SGA neonate identified) of implementing GAP. Secondary analysis focused on the ICER per infant quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. RESULTS The expected incremental cost (including hospital care and implementation costs) of GAP over standard care was £34 559 per 1000 births, with a 68% probability that implementation of GAP would be associated with increased costs to sustain program delivery. GAP identified an additional 1.77 SGA neonates per 1000 births (55% probability of it being more clinically effective). The ICER for GAP was £19 525 per additional SGA neonate identified, with a 44% probability that GAP would both increase cost and identify more SGA neonates compared with standard care. The probability of GAP being the dominant clinical strategy was low (11%). The expected incremental cost per infant QALY gained ranged from £68 242 to £545 940, depending on assumptions regarding the QALY value of detection of SGA. CONCLUSION The economic case for replacing standard care with GAP is weak based on the analysis reported in our study. However, this conclusion should be viewed taking into account that cost-effectiveness analyses are always limited by the assumptions made. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Relph
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. C. Vieira
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyUniversity of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Medical SciencesSão PauloBrazil
| | - A. Copas
- Centre for Pragmatic Global Health TrialsInstitute for Global Health, University College LondonLondonUK
| | - K. Coxon
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and EducationKingston and St George's UniversityLondonUK
| | - A. Alagna
- The Guy's & St Thomas' CharityLondonUK
| | - A. Briley
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Caring Futures InstituteCollege of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - M. Johnson
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - L. Page
- West Middlesex University Hospital, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - D. Peebles
- UCL Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Shennan
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - B. Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - N. Marlow
- UCL Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - C. Lees
- Department of Surgery and CancerImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. A. Lawlor
- Population Health ScienceBristol Medical School, University of BristolBristolUK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research CentreBristolUK
| | - A. Khalil
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George's, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - J. Sandall
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. Pasupathy
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Reproduction and Perinatal Centre, Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - A. Healey
- Department of Health Service and Population ResearchDavid Goldberg Centre, King's College LondonLondonUK
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Giorgione V, Khalil A, O’Driscoll J, Thilaganathan B. Peripartum Screening for Postpartum Hypertension in Women With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022; 80:1465-1476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kayode GA, Judge A, Burden C, Winter C, Draycott T, Thilaganathan B, Lenguerrand E. Temporal trends in stillbirth over eight decades in England and Wales: A longitudinal analysis of over 56 million births and lives saved by improvements in maternity care. J Glob Health 2022; 12:04072. [PMID: 36112509 PMCID: PMC9480862 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.04072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the public health importance of stillbirth, this study quantified the trends in stillbirths over eight decades in England and Wales. Methods This longitudinal study utilized the publicly available aggregated data from the Office for National Statistics that captured maternity information for babies delivered in England and Wales from 1940 to 2019. We computed the trends in stillbirth with the associated incidence risk difference, incidence risk ratio, and extra lives saved per decade. Results From 1940-2019, 56 906 273 births were reported. The stillbirth rate declined (85%) drastically up to the early 1980s. In the initial five decades, the estimated number of deaths per decade further decreased by 67 765 (9.49/1000 births) in 1940-1949, 2569 (0.08/1000 births) in 1950-1959, 9121 (3.50/1000 births) in 1960-1969, 15 262 (2.31/1000 births) in 1970-1979, and 10 284 (1.57/1000 births) in 1980-1989. However, the stillbirth rate increased by an additional 3850 (0.58/1000 births) stillbirths in 1990-1999 and 693 (0.11/1000 births) stillbirths in 2000-2009. The stillbirth rate declined again during 2010-2019, with 3714 fewer stillbirths (0.54/1000 births). The incidence of maternal age <20 years reduced over time, but pregnancy among older women (>35 years) increased. Conclusions The stillbirth rate declined drastically, but the rate of decline slowed in the last three decades. Though teenage pregnancy (<20 years) had reduced, the prevalence of women with a higher risk of stillbirth may have risen due to an increase in advanced maternal age. Improved, more personalised care is required to reduce the stillbirth rate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbenga A Kayode
- Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Judge
- Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christy Burden
- Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Cathy Winter
- Royal College of Midwives, London, United Kingdom
- The PROMPT Maternity Foundation, Department of Women's Health, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Draycott
- Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
- The PROMPT Maternity Foundation, Department of Women's Health, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, United Kingdom
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, United Kingdom
- St. George’s University Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Lenguerrand
- Translational Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Carter J, Anumba D, Brigante L, Burden C, Draycott T, Gillespie S, Harlev-Lam B, Judge A, Lenguerrand E, Sheehan E, Thilaganathan B, Wilson H, Winter C, Viner M, Sandall J. The Tommy's Clinical Decision Tool, a device for reducing the clinical impact of placental dysfunction and preterm birth: protocol for a mixed-methods early implementation evaluation study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:639. [PMID: 35971107 PMCID: PMC9377101 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04867-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Disparities in stillbirth and preterm birth persist even after correction for ethnicity and social deprivation, demonstrating that there is wide geographical variation in the quality of care. To address this inequity, Tommy’s National Centre for Maternity Improvement developed the Tommy’s Clinical Decision Tool, which aims to support the provision of “the right care at the right time”, personalising risk assessment and care according to best evidence. This web-based clinical decision tool assesses the risk of preterm birth and placental dysfunction more accurately than current methods, and recommends best evidenced-based care pathways in a format accessible to both women and healthcare professionals. It also provides links to reliable sources of pregnancy information for women. The aim of this study is to evaluate implementation of Tommy’s Clinical Decision Tool in four early-adopter UK maternity services, to inform wider scale-up.
Methods
The Tommy’s Clinical Decision Tool has been developed involving maternity service users and healthcare professionals in partnership. This mixed-methods study will evaluate: maternity service user and provider acceptability and experience; barriers and facilitators to implementation; reach (whether particular groups are excluded and why), fidelity (degree to which the intervention is delivered as intended), and unintended consequences. Data will be gathered over 25 months through interviews, focus groups, questionnaires and through the Tommy’s Clinical Decision Tool itself. The NASSS framework (Non-adoption or Abandonment of technology by individuals and difficulties achieving Scale-up, Spread and Sustainability) will inform data analysis. Discussion This paper describes the intervention, Tommy’s Clinical Decision Tool, according to TiDIER guidelines, and the protocol for the early adopter implementation evaluation study. Findings will inform future scale up. Trial registration This study was prospectively registered on the ISRCTN registry no. 13498237, on 31st January 2022.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12884-022-04867-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Carter
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, 10th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK. .,Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.
| | - Dilly Anumba
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, S10 2SF, UK
| | - Lia Brigante
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK
| | - Christy Burden
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Academic Women's Health Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Tim Draycott
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK
| | - Siobhán Gillespie
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, The Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, S10 2SF, UK
| | - Birte Harlev-Lam
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK
| | - Andrew Judge
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Erik Lenguerrand
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Elaine Sheehan
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Maternal Medicine Department, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0QT, UK.,Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Hannah Wilson
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, 10th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK
| | - Cathy Winter
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,PROMPT Maternity Foundation, Department of Women's Health, The Chilterns, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - Maria Viner
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK.,Mothers for Mothers, New Fulford Family Centre, Gatehouse Avenue, Bristol, BS13 9AQ, UK
| | - Jane Sandall
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, 10th Floor, North Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists/Royal College of Midwives, 10-18 Union Street, London, SE1 1SZ, UK
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30
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Giorgione V, Thilaganathan B. Reply. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60:296-297. [PMID: 35913383 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Giorgione
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Liu B, Alakaloko M, Frick A, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B. Author's reply re: The dangers of biological essentialism in addressing birth equity. BJOG 2022; 129:1945-1946. [PMID: 35912885 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Becky Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Morakinyo Alakaloko
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Frick
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Amarnath Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London, UK
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Giorgione V, Quintero Mendez O, Pinas A, Ansley W, Thilaganathan B. Routine first-trimester pre-eclampsia screening and risk of preterm birth. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 60:185-191. [PMID: 35441764 PMCID: PMC9545360 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Preterm birth (PTB) is a major public health problem worldwide. It can occur spontaneously or be medically indicated for obstetric complications, such as pre-eclampsia (PE) or fetal growth restriction. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether there is a shared uteroplacental etiology in the first trimester of pregnancy across PTB subtypes. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies that underwent screening for preterm PE as part of their routine first-trimester ultrasound assessment at a tertiary center in London, UK, between March 2018 and December 2020. Screening for preterm PE was performed using the Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm, which includes maternal factors, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A). Women with a risk of ≥ 1 in 50 for preterm PE were classified as high risk and offered prophylactic aspirin (150 mg once a day) and serial ultrasound assessments. The following delivery outcomes were evaluated: PTB < 37 weeks, iatrogenic PTB (iPTB) and spontaneous PTB (sPTB). Logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of PTB, iPTB and sPTB with an increased risk of preterm PE. A model for prediction of PTB < 37 weeks and < 33 weeks was developed and its performance was compared with that of an existing model in the literature. RESULTS A total of 11 437 women were included in the study, of whom 475 (4.2%) had PTB. Of these, 308 (64.8%) were sPTB and 167 (35.2%) were iPTB. Patients with PTB had a higher body mass index, were more likely to be of black or Asian ethnicity, be smokers, have pregestational hypertension or diabetes, or have a history of previous PTB. They also had higher MAP (87.7 vs 86.0 mmHg, P < 0.0001), higher UtA-PI multiples of the median (MoM) (0.99 vs 0.92, P < 0.0001) and lower PAPP-A MoM (0.89 vs 1.08, P < 0.0001) compared to women with a term birth. In women at high risk of PE, the odds ratio for iPTB was 6.0 (95% CI, 4.29-8.43; P < 0.0001) and that for sPTB was 2.0 (95% CI, 1.46-2.86; P < 0.0001). A prediction model for PTB < 37 weeks and < 33 weeks, developed based on this cohort, included previous PTB, black ethnicity, chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, PAPP-A MoM and UtA-PI MoM. The performance of the model was similar to that of an existing first-trimester prediction model for PTB < 33 weeks (area under the curve, 0.704 (95% CI, 0.653-0.754) vs 0.694 (95% CI, 0.643-0.746)). CONCLUSIONS Increased first-trimester risk for uteroplacental dysfunction was associated with both iPTB and sPTB, implying a shared etiological pathway. The same factors used to predict PE risk show acceptable discrimination to predict PTB at < 33 weeks. Women at high risk of uteroplacental dysfunction may warrant additional monitoring and management for an increased risk of sPTB. © 2022 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Giorgione
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Vascular Biology Research CentreMolecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - O. Quintero Mendez
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - A. Pinas
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - W. Ansley
- Vascular Biology Research CentreMolecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - B. Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine UnitSt George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
- Vascular Biology Research CentreMolecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of LondonLondonUK
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Liu B, Frick A, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B. Placental dysfunction screening and perinatal loss. BJOG 2022; 129:1617-1618. [PMID: 35524397 PMCID: PMC9544966 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Becky Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Frick
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Amar Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London, UK
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Gutierrez Henares J, Gutierrez Henares R, Perry H, Khalil A, Thilaganathan B. Maternal cardiovascular potential and kinetic energy indices in pre-eclamptic and small-for-gestational-age pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:613-618. [PMID: 34529288 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-invasive assessment of maternal cardiovascular potential and kinetic energy can be used to derive potential-to-kinetic-energy ratio (PKR) and Smith-Madigan inotropic index (SMII), which reflect the balance between blood pressure and blood flow. The aim of this study was to evaluate PKR and SMII in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and/or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) birth. METHODS This was a prospective study that enrolled women with a singleton pregnancy between 5 and 41 weeks' gestation. Women who developed HDP and/or SGA underwent cardiovascular profiling from 20 weeks. To establish reference ranges for PKR and SMII, women without any pre-existing medical problems at the time of booking who did not develop HDP, SGA or other complications during pregnancy were also recruited for cardiovascular profiling. Measurements of cardiovascular parameters were obtained using a non-imaging ultrasound cardiac output monitor. RESULTS A total of 688 women completed the study, including 626 controls, 21 cases with HDP, 19 cases with SGA and 22 cases with HDP and SGA. PKR was significantly elevated in pregnancies with placental dysfunction compared with controls (HDP only, 29.81 ± 9.5; HDP and SGA, 44.33 ± 24.27; SGA only, 31.05 ± 13.14; vs controls, 22.30 ± 7.93; all P < 0.05). SMII values were significantly lower only in cases affected by SGA alone when compared with controls (1.47 ± 0.23 W/m2 vs 1.75 ± 0.40 W/m2 ; P < 0.005). These differences remained statistically significant when the analysis was undertaken using multiples of the median values corrected for gestational age. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that point-of-care non-invasive cardiovascular profiling using PKR and SMII may help distinguish between pregnancies affected by specific placental disorders and those exhibiting healthy cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy. Women with HDP and/or SGA appear to have distinctive PKR and SMII profiles that reflect low kinetic energy in pregnancies with SGA and high potential energy in pregnancies affected by HDP. Finally, non-invasive assessment of potential and kinetic cardiovascular energy demonstrates physiological high-flow and low-resistance adaptation in uncomplicated pregnancies. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gutierrez Henares
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R Gutierrez Henares
- Electronic Engineering, Malaga University, Campus de Teatinos, Málaga, Spain
| | - H Perry
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Giorgione V, Melchiorre K, O'Driscoll J, Khalil A, Sharma R, Thilaganathan B. Maternal echocardiographic changes in twin pregnancies with and without pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:619-626. [PMID: 35000243 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Twin pregnancies are at increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) compared with singleton pregnancies, resulting in a substantially higher rate of maternal and perinatal complications. The strain caused by twin pregnancy on the maternal cardiovascular system has not been studied extensively. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in maternal cardiac morphology and diastolic function in a cohort of women with normotensive and those with hypertensive twin pregnancies. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary referral university center. Women with singleton or twin pregnancy were enrolled prospectively to undergo maternal transthoracic echocardiography throughout pregnancy. Multiples of the median (MoM) were calculated for each index using a reference group of uncomplicated singleton pregnancies (n = 411) in order to adjust for changes associated with gestational age. Cardiac findings were indexed for body surface area and compared among normotensive twin pregnancies, singleton pregnancies complicated by HDP and twin pregnancies complicated by HDP. RESULTS The total cohort included 119 HDP singleton pregnancies, 52 normotensive twin pregnancies and 24 HDP twin pregnancies. Left ventricular mass index (LVMi) MoM (median (interquartile range)) did not differ between singleton pregnancies complicated by HDP and normotensive twin pregnancies, but was significantly higher in HDP twin compared with HDP singleton pregnancies (1.31 (1.08-1.53) vs 1.17 (0.98-1.35), P = 0.032). Two diastolic indices, left atrial volume index MoM (1.12 (0.66-1.38) vs 0.65 (0.55-0.84), P = 0.003) and E/e' MoM (1.29 (1.09-1.54) vs 0.99 (0.99-1.02), P = 0.036), were significantly higher in HDP twin compared with normotensive twin pregnancies. In normotensive twin compared with HDP singleton pregnancies, stroke volume index (SVi) MoM was higher (1.20 (1.03-1.36) vs 1.00 (0.81-1.15), P = 0.004) and total vascular resistance index (TVRi) was lower (0.73 (0.70-0.86) vs 1.29 (1.04-1.56), P < 0.0001). In contrast, SVi MoM was lower (1.10 (1.02-1.35) vs 1.20 (1.03-1.36), P = 0.018) and TVRi was higher (1.00 (0.88-1.31) vs 0.73 (0.70-0.86), P = 0.029) in HDP twin compared with normotensive twin pregnancies. CONCLUSION The maternal cardiovascular system is altered severely in twin pregnancy with or without HDP. Despite the low total vascular resistance, cardiac changes in normotensive twin pregnancies are comparable to those seen in singleton pregnancies complicated by HDP, reflecting the high cardiovascular demand imposed by twin pregnancy. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giorgione
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - K Melchiorre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spirito Santo Tertiary Level Hospital of Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - J O'Driscoll
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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Mylrea-Foley B, Thornton JG, Mullins E, Marlow N, Hecher K, Ammari C, Arabin B, Berger A, Bergman E, Bhide A, Bilardo C, Binder J, Breeze A, Brodszki J, Calda P, Cannings-John R, Černý A, Cesari E, Cetin I, Dall'Asta A, Diemert A, Ebbing C, Eggebø T, Fantasia I, Ferrazzi E, Frusca T, Ghi T, Goodier J, Greimel P, Gyselaers W, Hassan W, Von Kaisenberg C, Kholin A, Klaritsch P, Krofta L, Lindgren P, Lobmaier S, Marsal K, Maruotti GM, Mecacci F, Myklestad K, Napolitano R, Ostermayer E, Papageorghiou A, Potter C, Prefumo F, Raio L, Richter J, Sande RK, Schlembach D, Schleußner E, Stampalija T, Thilaganathan B, Townson J, Valensise H, Visser GHA, Wee L, Wolf H, Lees CC. Perinatal and 2-year neurodevelopmental outcome in late preterm fetal compromise: the TRUFFLE 2 randomised trial protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e055543. [PMID: 35428631 PMCID: PMC9014041 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-055543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Following the detection of fetal growth restriction, there is no consensus about the criteria that should trigger delivery in the late preterm period. The consequences of inappropriate early or late delivery are potentially important yet practice varies widely around the world, with abnormal findings from fetal heart rate monitoring invariably leading to delivery. Indices derived from fetal cerebral Doppler examination may guide such decisions although there are few studies in this area. We propose a randomised, controlled trial to establish the optimum method of timing delivery between 32 weeks and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation. We hypothesise that delivery on evidence of cerebral blood flow redistribution reduces a composite of perinatal poor outcome, death and short-term hypoxia-related morbidity, with no worsening of neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Women with non-anomalous singleton pregnancies 32+0 to 36+6 weeks of gestation in whom the estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference is <10th percentile or has decreased by 50 percentiles since 18-32 weeks will be included for observational data collection. Participants will be randomised if cerebral blood flow redistribution is identified, based on umbilical to middle cerebral artery pulsatility index ratio values. Computerised cardiotocography (cCTG) must show normal fetal heart rate short term variation (≥4.5 msec) and absence of decelerations at randomisation. Randomisation will be 1:1 to immediate delivery or delayed delivery (based on cCTG abnormalities or other worsening fetal condition). The primary outcome is poor condition at birth and/or fetal or neonatal death and/or major neonatal morbidity, the secondary non-inferiority outcome is 2-year infant general health and neurodevelopmental outcome based on the Parent Report of Children's Abilities-Revised questionnaire. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Study Coordination Centre has obtained approval from London-Riverside Research Ethics Committee (REC) and Health Regulatory Authority (HRA). Publication will be in line with NIHR Open Access policy. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Main sponsor: Imperial College London, Reference: 19QC5491. Funders: NIHR HTA, Reference: 127 976. Study coordination centre: Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS with Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical & Life Sciences, Cardiff University. IRAS Project ID: 266 400. REC reference: 20/LO/0031. ISRCTN registry: 76 016 200.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronacha Mylrea-Foley
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jim G Thornton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, City hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Edward Mullins
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Marlow
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London, London, UK
| | - Kurt Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Ammari
- University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Birgit Arabin
- Department of Obstetrics Charite, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Berger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eva Bergman
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Amarnath Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Caterina Bilardo
- Department of Obstetrics Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Binder
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrew Breeze
- Fetal medicine Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Jana Brodszki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund Skanes universitetssjukhus Lund, Skåne, Sweden
| | - Pavel Calda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Andrej Černý
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Cesari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vittore Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Ilaria Fantasia
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, RCCS materno infantile Burlo Garofolo Dipartimento di Pediatria, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Ferrazzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, ltaly
| | | | - Tullio Ghi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Jenny Goodier
- Institute for Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Greimel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wilfried Gyselaers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Oost-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Wassim Hassan
- Obstetrics & Gynaecology, East Suffolk and North Essex NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester Hospital, Colchester, UK
| | | | - Alexey Kholin
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology & Perinatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Philipp Klaritsch
- Division of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ladislav Krofta
- Institute for Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Lindgren
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention & Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Lobmaier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karel Marsal
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Lunds Universitet, Lund, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe M Maruotti
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Dentistry Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Mecacci
- High Risk Pregnancy Unit, University Hospital Careggi, Firenze, Italy
| | - Kirsti Myklestad
- Department of Obstetrics, Children's and Women's Health, St Olavs Hospital University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Raffaele Napolitano
- Elizabeth Garrett Anderson Institute for Women's Health University College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Ostermayer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Aris Papageorghiou
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Claire Potter
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Federico Prefumo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi Raio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jute Richter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ragnar Kvie Sande
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Dietmar Schlembach
- Vivantes Network for Health, Clinicum Neukoelln, Clinic for Obstetric Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tamara Stampalija
- Unit of Fetal Medicine and Prenatal Diagnosis, RCCS materno infantile Burlo Garofolo Dipartimento di Pediatria, Trieste, Italy
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Townson
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Herbert Valensise
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Policlinico Casilino, Roma, Italy
| | - Gerard HA Visser
- Department of Obstetrics, University Medical Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ling Wee
- Obstetrics And Gynaecology, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Trust, Harlow, UK
| | - Hans Wolf
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph C Lees
- Imperial College London, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen Charlotte's & Chelsea Hospital London, London, UK
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Sheehan E, Wang C, Cauldwell M, Bick D, Thilaganathan B. Understanding maternal postnatal blood pressure changes following hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: protocol for a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e060087. [PMID: 35365547 PMCID: PMC8977789 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertensive disorders occur in approximately 10% of women during pregnancy. There is robust population-based data to show that women who have hypertension in pregnancy are much more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the postpartum period. Women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) are twice more at risk of heart disease and stroke, and four times more likely to develop hypertension after birth. Two out of three women who had HDP will die from CVD. Recent evidence suggests that young women with HDP develop signs of CVD in the immediate postpartum period, rather than several decades later as previously presumed. If confirmed, this concerning finding presents healthcare practitioners with an opportunity to influence women's cardiovascular health by advising on lifestyle choices and considering therapeutic interventions to prevent the development of CVD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective cohort study design will ask approximately 300 participants to complete 3 days of home blood pressure monitoring every fortnight for 12 weeks postpartum and will culminate with a 24-hour episode of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at 12 weeks postpartum. Women and healthcare professionals will complete questionnaires surrounding postpartum care for women who had HDP and knowledge of CVD risk. In addition, the relationship between hypertension and factors likely to influence outcomes such as severity of HDP, maternal age, body mass index and ethnicity will be analysed using logistic regression. Blood pressure and data from questionnaires will be analysed using descriptive statistics, with temporal stratification. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Research ethics approval was obtained from London-West London & GTAC Research Ethics Committee. Research outputs will be published and disseminated through midwifery, obstetric or general practitioner targeted academic journals. The patient and public involvement group will disseminate findings to women who have experienced HDP among their peer groups. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05137808.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Sheehan
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, London, UK
- Maternal Medicine, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Chao Wang
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Kingston University and St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Cauldwell
- Maternal Medicine, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Debra Bick
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, West Midlands, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine, St George's University of London Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, London, UK
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Giorgione V, O'Driscoll J, Coutinho CM, Di Fabrizio C, Sharma R, Khalil A, Thilaganathan B. Peripartum echocardiographic changes in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:365-370. [PMID: 34309939 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with significant myocardial dysfunction on echocardiography. The impact of hemodynamic changes related to volume redistribution following delivery on myocardial function in women with HDP has not been evaluated systematically. The aim of this study was to compare echocardiographic findings immediately before and after delivery in women with HDP. METHODS This was a prospective longitudinal study including 30 women with a diagnosis of HDP who underwent two consecutive transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examinations, before delivery and in the early postpartum period. Paired comparisons of the findings from the two assessments were performed. RESULTS Left-ventricular (LV) concentric remodeling or hypertrophy was detected in 21 (70%) patients. There was no significant difference in cardiac morphology indices such as LV mass index (78.9 ± 16.3 g/m2 vs 77.9 ± 15.4 g/m2 ; P = 0.611) or relative wall thickness (0.45 ± 0.1 vs 0.44 ± 0.1; P = 0.453) before vs after delivery. LV diastolic function did not demonstrate any peripartum variation, with similar left-atrial volume (52.4 ± 15.3 mL vs 51.0 ± 15.6 mL; P = 0.433), lateral E' (0.12 ± 0.03 m/s vs 0.12 ± 0.03 m/s; P = 0.307) and E/E' ratio (7.9 ± 2.2 vs 7.9 ± 1.7; P = 0.934) before vs after delivery. Systolic function indices, such as LV ejection fraction (57.5 ± 3.4% vs 56.4 ± 2.1%; P = 0.295) and global longitudinal strain (-15.3 ± 2.6% vs -15.1 ± 3.1%; P = 0.582), also remained unchanged between before vs after delivery. CONCLUSIONS Maternal hemodynamic changes associated with delivery did not influence significantly peripartum TTE indices in women with HDP. Suboptimal maternal echocardiographic findings in HDP are likely to be the consequence of chronic pregnancy cardiovascular load changes or pre-existing maternal cardiovascular impairment. Severity and persistence of myocardial dysfunction in the postpartum period may be related to the long-term maternal cardiovascular disease legacy of HDP. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giorgione
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - J O'Driscoll
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- School of Psychology and Life Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - C M Coutinho
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Di Fabrizio
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - R Sharma
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Vascular Biology Research Center, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
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Noël L, Thilaganathan B. Reply. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:404-405. [PMID: 35239219 DOI: 10.1002/uog.24866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Noël
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
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Kitt J, Frost A, Mollison J, Tucker KL, Suriano K, Kenworthy Y, McCourt A, Woodward W, Tan C, Lapidaire W, Mills R, Lacharie M, Tunnicliffe EM, Raman B, Santos M, Roman C, Hanssen H, Mackillop L, Cairns A, Thilaganathan B, Chappell L, Aye C, Lewandowski AJ, McManus RJ, Leeson P. Postpartum blood pressure self-management following hypertensive pregnancy: protocol of the Physician Optimised Post-partum Hypertension Treatment (POP-HT) trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e051180. [PMID: 35197335 PMCID: PMC8867381 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION New-onset hypertension affects approximately 10% of pregnancies and is associated with a significant increase in risk of cardiovascular disease in later life, with blood pressure measured 6 weeks postpartum predictive of blood pressure 5-10 years later. A pilot trial has demonstrated that improved blood pressure control, achevied via self-management during the puerperium, was associated with lower blood pressure 3-4 years postpartum. Physician Optimised Post-partum Hypertension Treatment (POP-HT) will formally evaluate whether improved blood pressure control in the puerperium results in lower blood pressure at 6 months post partum, and improvements in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular phenotypes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS POP-HT is an open-label, parallel arm, randomised controlled trial involving 200 women aged 18 years or over, with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia or gestational hypertension, and requiring antihypertensive medication at discharge. Women are recruited by open recruitment and direct invitation around time of delivery and randomised 1:1 to, either an intervention comprising physician-optimised self-management of postpartum blood pressure or, usual care. Women in the intervention group upload blood pressure readings to a 'smartphone' app that provides algorithm-driven individualised medication-titration. Medication changes are approved by physicians, who review blood pressure readings remotely. Women in the control arm follow assessment and medication adjustment by their usual healthcare team. The primary outcome is 24-hour average ambulatory diastolic blood pressure at 6-9 months post partum. Secondary outcomes include: additional blood pressure parameters at baseline, week 1 and week 6; multimodal cardiovascular assessments (CMR and echocardiography); parameters derived from multiorgan MRI including brain and kidneys; peripheral macrovascular and microvascular measures; angiogenic profile measures taken from blood samples and levels of endothelial circulating and cellular biomarkers; and objective physical activity monitoring and exercise assessment. An additional 20 women will be recruited after a normotensive pregnancy as a comparator group for endothelial cellular biomarkers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION IRAS PROJECT ID 273353. This trial has received a favourable opinion from the London-Surrey Research Ethics Committee and HRA (REC Reference 19/LO/1901). The investigator will ensure that this trial is conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and follow good clinical practice guidelines. The investigators will be involved in reviewing drafts of the manuscripts, abstracts, press releases and any other publications arising from the study. Authors will acknowledge that the study was funded by the British Heart Foundation Clinical Research Training Fellowship (BHF Grant number FS/19/7/34148). Authorship will be determined in accordance with the ICMJE guidelines and other contributors will be acknowledged. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04273854.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Kitt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annabelle Frost
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jill Mollison
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Katie Suriano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yvonne Kenworthy
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annabelle McCourt
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William Woodward
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cheryl Tan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Winok Lapidaire
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rebecca Mills
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miriam Lacharie
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Betty Raman
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mauro Santos
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cristian Roman
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucy Mackillop
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra Cairns
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Lucy Chappell
- Women's Health Academic Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Aye
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam J Lewandowski
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J McManus
- Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Leeson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Melchiorre K, Giorgione V, Thilaganathan B. The placenta and preeclampsia: villain or victim? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:S954-S962. [PMID: 33771361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a disease whose characterization has not changed in the 150 years since the cluster of signs associated with the disorder were first described. Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of preeclampsia has advanced considerably since then, there is still little consensus regarding the true etiology of preeclampsia. As a consequence, preeclampsia has earned the moniker "disease of theories," predominantly because the underlying biological mechanisms linking clinical epidemiologic findings to observed organ dysfunction in preeclampsia are far from clear. Despite the lack of cohesive evidence, expert consensus favors the hypothesis that preeclampsia is a primary placental disorder. However, there is now emerging evidence that suboptimal maternal cardiovascular performance resulting in uteroplacental hypoperfusion is more likely to be the cause of secondary placental dysfunction in preeclampsia. Preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease share the same risk factors, preexisting cardiovascular disease is the strongest risk factor (chronic hypertension, congenital heart disease) for developing preeclampsia, and there are now abundant data from maternal echocardiography and angiogenic marker studies that cardiovascular dysfunction precedes the development of preeclampsia by several weeks or months. Importantly, cardiovascular signs and symptoms (hypertension, cerebral edema, cardiac dysfunction) predominate in preeclampsia at clinical presentation and persist into the postnatal period with a 30% risk of chronic hypertension in the decade after birth. Placental malperfusion caused by suboptimal maternal cardiovascular performance may lead to preeclampsia, thereby explaining the preponderance of cardiovascular drugs (aspirin, calcium, statins, metformin, and antihypertensives) in preeclampsia prevention strategies. Despite the seriousness of the maternal and fetal consequences, we are still developing sensitive screening, reliable diagnostic, effective therapeutic, or improvement strategies for postpartum maternal cardiovascular legacy in preeclampsia. The latter will only become clear with an acceptance and understanding of the cardiovascular etiology of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Melchiorre
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Spirito Santo Tertiary Level Hospital of Pescara, Pescara, Italy
| | - Veronica Giorgione
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Giorgione V, Thilaganathan B. SARS-CoV-2 related myocardial injury might explain the predisposition to preeclampsia with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 226:279-280. [PMID: 34619111 PMCID: PMC8490131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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43
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Liu B, Nadeem U, Frick A, Alakaloko M, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B. Reducing health inequality in Black, Asian and other minority ethnic pregnant women: impact of first trimester combined screening for placental dysfunction on perinatal mortality. BJOG 2022; 129:1750-1756. [PMID: 35104381 PMCID: PMC9544950 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) first trimester screening algorithm for pre-eclampsia on health disparities in perinatal death among minority ethnic groups. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study from July 2016 to December 2020. SETTING A large London teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS All women who underwent first trimester pre-eclampsia risk assessment using either the NICE screening checklist or the FMF multimodal approach. Women considered at high-risk in the FMF cohort were offered 150 mg aspirin before 16 weeks' gestation, serial growth scans and elective birth at 40 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Stillbirth, neonatal death and perinatal death rates stratified by screening method and maternal ethnicity. RESULTS In the NICE cohort, the perinatal death rate was significantly higher in non-white than white women (7.95 versus 2.63/1000 births, OR 3.035, 95% CI 1.551-5.941). Following the introduction of FMF screening, the perinatal death rate in non-white women fell from 7.95 to 3.22/1000 births (OR 0.403, 95% CI 0.206-0.789), such that it was no longer significantly different from the perinatal mortality rate in white women (3.22 versus 2.55/1000 births, OR 1.261, 95% CI 0.641-2.483). CONCLUSIONS First trimester combined screening for placental dysfunction is associated with a significant reduction in perinatal death in minority ethnic women. Health disparities in perinatal death among ethnic minority women demand urgent attention from both clinicians and health policy makers. The data of this study suggest that this ethnic health inequality may be avoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Liu
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Usaama Nadeem
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Frick
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Morakinyo Alakaloko
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Amar Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.,Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, London, UK
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Allotey J, Whittle R, Snell KIE, Smuk M, Townsend R, von Dadelszen P, Heazell AEP, Magee L, Smith GCS, Sandall J, Thilaganathan B, Zamora J, Riley RD, Khalil A, Thangaratinam S. External validation of prognostic models to predict stillbirth using International Prediction of Pregnancy Complications (IPPIC) Network database: individual participant data meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:209-219. [PMID: 34405928 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stillbirth is a potentially preventable complication of pregnancy. Identifying women at high risk of stillbirth can guide decisions on the need for closer surveillance and timing of delivery in order to prevent fetal death. Prognostic models have been developed to predict the risk of stillbirth, but none has yet been validated externally. In this study, we externally validated published prediction models for stillbirth using individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis to assess their predictive performance. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, DH-DATA and AMED databases were searched from inception to December 2020 to identify studies reporting stillbirth prediction models. Studies that developed or updated prediction models for stillbirth for use at any time during pregnancy were included. IPD from cohorts within the International Prediction of Pregnancy Complications (IPPIC) Network were used to validate externally the identified prediction models whose individual variables were available in the IPD. The risk of bias of the models and cohorts was assessed using the Prediction study Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). The discriminative performance of the models was evaluated using the C-statistic, and calibration was assessed using calibration plots, calibration slope and calibration-in-the-large. Performance measures were estimated separately in each cohort, as well as summarized across cohorts using random-effects meta-analysis. Clinical utility was assessed using net benefit. RESULTS Seventeen studies reporting the development of 40 prognostic models for stillbirth were identified. None of the models had been previously validated externally, and the full model equation was reported for only one-fifth (20%, 8/40) of the models. External validation was possible for three of these models, using IPD from 19 cohorts (491 201 pregnant women) within the IPPIC Network database. Based on evaluation of the model development studies, all three models had an overall high risk of bias, according to PROBAST. In the IPD meta-analysis, the models had summary C-statistics ranging from 0.53 to 0.65 and summary calibration slopes ranging from 0.40 to 0.88, with risk predictions that were generally too extreme compared with the observed risks. The models had little to no clinical utility, as assessed by net benefit. However, there remained uncertainty in the performance of some models due to small available sample sizes. CONCLUSIONS The three validated stillbirth prediction models showed generally poor and uncertain predictive performance in new data, with limited evidence to support their clinical application. The findings suggest methodological shortcomings in their development, including overfitting. Further research is needed to further validate these and other models, identify stronger prognostic factors and develop more robust prediction models. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allotey
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women's Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Whittle
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - K I E Snell
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - M Smuk
- Medical Statistics Department, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - R Townsend
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - P von Dadelszen
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - L Magee
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - G C S Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Sandall
- Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Health Service and Population Research Department, Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - J Zamora
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women's Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - R D Riley
- Centre for Prognosis Research, School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - A Khalil
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of London, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - S Thangaratinam
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Global Women's Health, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Guy GP, Leslie K, Diaz Gomez D, Forenc K, Buck E, Bhide A, Thilaganathan B. Effect of routine first-trimester combined screening for pre-eclampsia on small-for-gestational-age birth: secondary interrupted time series analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2022; 59:55-60. [PMID: 34319638 DOI: 10.1002/uog.23741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of a first-trimester combined screening program for pre-eclampsia, based on the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm, on the rate of small-for-gestational age (SGA) at birth and adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of data obtained from a London tertiary hospital between January 2017 and March 2019. The data were derived from a secondary analysis of the cohort evaluated in a clinical-effectiveness study on the implementation of a first-trimester screening program for pre-eclampsia. The cohort included 7720 women screened according to the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) risk-based approach and 4841 women screened by the FMF multimodal approach, which combines maternal risk factors, blood pressure, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and uterine artery Doppler indices. The care package for the FMF-screened group included 150-mg aspirin prophylaxis, ultrasound scans at 28 and 36 weeks' gestation and scheduled delivery at 40 weeks. Outcome measures included the rates of SGA neonates at birth, admission to the neonatal unit, intrauterine demise, neonatal death and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy assessed by interrupted time series analysis (ITSA). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the rates of intrauterine demise, neonatal death and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy between the FMF-screened and NICE-screened cohorts. ITSA showed a significant reduction in the rate of term SGA birth < 10th percentile at 21 months following implementation of the FMF screening program, with a relative effect reduction of 45.1% (P = 0.004). However, there was no significant relative effect reduction in term SGA birth < 5th or < 3rd percentile. CONCLUSIONS First-trimester combined screening for pre-eclampsia based on the FMF algorithm accompanied by a care package including serial ultrasound scans for growth evaluation and elective birth from 40 weeks' gestation resulted in a significant 45% relative effect reduction in term SGA birth < 10th percentile but did not affect term SGA birth < 5th or < 3rd percentile. Further screening strategies to detect and improve the outcome of cases with SGA birth < 5th percentile need to be considered. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Guy
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - K Leslie
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ashford and St Peter's NHS Foundation Trust, Lyne, Chertsey, UK
| | - D Diaz Gomez
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - K Forenc
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - E Buck
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Bhide
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - B Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Tommy's National Centre for Maternity Improvement, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
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Damhuis SE, Groen H, Thilaganathan B, Ganzevoort W, Gordijn SJ. Intrapartum epidural analgesia and emergency delivery rates due to fetal compromise by birth weight percentile. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.11.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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Halliday BP, de Marvao A, Thilaganathan B. Peripartum cardiomyopathy and pre-eclampsia: two tips of the same iceberg. Eur J Heart Fail 2021; 23:2070-2072. [PMID: 34263509 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Halliday
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Inherited Cardiovascular Conditions Care Group and CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| | - Antonio de Marvao
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Inherited Cardiovascular Conditions Care Group and CMR Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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McCarthy FP, O’Driscoll JM, Seed PT, Placzek A, Gill C, Sparkes J, Poston L, Marber M, Shennan AH, Thilaganathan B, Leeson P, Chappell LC. Multicenter Cohort Study, With a Nested Randomized Comparison, to Examine the Cardiovascular Impact of Preterm Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2021; 78:1382-1394. [PMID: 34455811 PMCID: PMC8516808 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus P. McCarthy
- From the Department of Women and Children’s Health (F.P.M., P.T.S., C.G., J.S., L.P., A.H.S., L.C.C.), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Ireland (F.P.M.)
| | - Jamie M. O’Driscoll
- School of Psychology and Life Science, Canterbury Christ Church University, Kent, United Kingdom (J.M.O.)
| | - Paul T. Seed
- From the Department of Women and Children’s Health (F.P.M., P.T.S., C.G., J.S., L.P., A.H.S., L.C.C.), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Placzek
- Department of Cardiology, St George’s University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (J.M.O.)
- National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit (NPEU), Nuffield Department of Population Health (A.P.), University of Oxford
| | - Carolyn Gill
- From the Department of Women and Children’s Health (F.P.M., P.T.S., C.G., J.S., L.P., A.H.S., L.C.C.), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jenie Sparkes
- From the Department of Women and Children’s Health (F.P.M., P.T.S., C.G., J.S., L.P., A.H.S., L.C.C.), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilla Poston
- From the Department of Women and Children’s Health (F.P.M., P.T.S., C.G., J.S., L.P., A.H.S., L.C.C.), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Marber
- Cardiovascular Division (M.M.), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Shennan
- From the Department of Women and Children’s Health (F.P.M., P.T.S., C.G., J.S., L.P., A.H.S., L.C.C.), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George’s University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust and Molecular & Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George’s University of London, United Kingdom (B.T.)
| | - Paul Leeson
- Oxford Cardiovascular Clinical Research Facility, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (P.L.), University of Oxford
| | - Lucy C. Chappell
- From the Department of Women and Children’s Health (F.P.M., P.T.S., C.G., J.S., L.P., A.H.S., L.C.C.), King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Giorgione V, O'Driscoll J, Di Fabrizio C, Frick A, Cauldwell M, Khalil A, Thilaganathan B. Relationship between peripartum maternal cardiac phenotype and maternal outcome in women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are a leading cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity worldwide.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to assess maternal cardiac function in women affected by HDP in singleton pregnancy and investigate the relationship between abnormal cardiac findings and maternal outcomes.
Methods
In this single-centre prospective longitudinal study, 190 women with a diagnosis of HDP underwent standard trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the immediate peripartum period from February 2019 to December 2020. Left ventricle morphology (LVM) and diastolic dysfunction (DD) were evaluated according to according to British Society of Echocardiography guidelines. Patients were classified into three groups according to TTE findings: (1) normal LVM and DD, (2) abnormal LVM or abnormal DD, (3) abnormal LVM and abnormal DD. Maternal indices were compared among these groups.
Results
56 (29.5%) patients affected by HDP were included in group 1, 69 (36.3%) in group 2 and 65 (34.2%) in group 3. Gestational age at delivery and birthweight centile were similar among the groups. Women in group 3 were significantly older than group 2 and group 1 (35.1±5.4 years vs 32.6±6.3 vs 33.1±5.8 years years, respectively, p=0.043). Group 2 and 3 showed a higher blood pressure in the first trimester of pregnancy compared to group 1 (mean arterial pressure: 94.3±7.2 mmHg vs 95.5±8.2 mmHg vs 91.6±8.3 mmHg, p=0.024), while no significant difference was found in body mass index among the three groups (group 1: 26.4±5.4, group 2: 28.0±6.4; group 3: 27.7±5.0, p=0.293). HDP women with LVM and DD (group 3) were more likely to be admitted to high dependency unit (35.4%) than women in group 2 and 1 (14.5% and 23.6%, respectively, p=0.019).
Conclusions
Abnormal echocardiographic findings were associated with a worse maternal cardiovascular phenotype that required a closer maternal cardiovascular monitoring in the peripartum period.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Veronica Giorgione and Carolina Di Fabrizio have received funding from European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 765274 (iPLACENTA project).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giorgione
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J O'Driscoll
- St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Di Fabrizio
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Frick
- St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Cauldwell
- St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Khalil
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Giorgione V, O'Driscoll J, Di Fabrizio C, Frick A, Cauldwell M, Khalil A, Thilaganathan B. Strain analysis by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography for evaluating left ventricular systolic function in women with pre-eclampsia. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Previous echocardiographic studies have shown that most women affected by pre-eclampsia present with mild-to moderate diastolic dysfunction and left ventricle remodelling with a preserved systolic function. These alterations appear more severe when pre-eclampsia develops before 34 weeks of gestation.
Purpose
The aim of this study is to compare left ventricular systolic (LV) function by using 2-D speckle tracking echocardiography in women with early-onset and late-onset pre-eclampsia.
Methods
In this single-centre prospective longitudinal study, 119 women with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia underwent standard trans-thoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the immediate peripartum period from February 2019 to December 2020. LV function was assessed using two-dimensional speckle-tracking strain imaging on 4-chamber views with a frame rate of 60–90 frames/second. Strain analysis quantification was performed using a commercial software.
Results
Pre-eclampsia was diagnosed before and after 34 weeks in 37.3% (44/119) and 62.7% (74/119) of the patients, respectively. Maternal characteristics, such as maternal age, body mass index, pre-existing hypertension and nulliparity, did not show any significant difference between the two groups. Although LV remodelling/hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction occurred more often in early-onset pre-eclampsia compared to late-onset (65.9% vs 60.8% and 59.1% vs 51.4%, respectively), this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.580 and p=0.414, respectively). Similarly, LV mass index was 80.1±16.3 in pre-eclampsia <34 and 79.1±15 >34 (p=0.715) and E/e' was 7.8±1.9 and 7.6±1.7 (p=0.424). However, global longitudinal strain (GLS) was significantly lower (−16.4±2.4 vs −17.6±2.4, p=0.030) and apical rotation was higher (11.1±5.9 vs 8.7±4.7, p=0.019) in early-onset pre-eclampsia. A positive weak correlation has been found between GLS and difference in days from pre-eclampsia diagnosis to delivery (r=0.2, p=0.002).
Conclusions
Lower GLS in women affected by early-onset pre-eclampsia compared to late-onset pre-eclampsia might be useful to detect sub-clinical LV systolic impairment. Although further studies are needed, this sensitive marker may have a role in identifying women at risk of preterm delivery and/or severe maternal morbidity in the peripartum period.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): Veronica Giorgione and Carolina Di Fabrizio have received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 765274 (iPLACENTA project).
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Affiliation(s)
- V Giorgione
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J O'Driscoll
- St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Di Fabrizio
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Frick
- St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Cauldwell
- St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Khalil
- St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
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