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Almutairi M, Hefnawy A, Almotairy A, Alobaida A, Alyahya M, Althobaiti A, Adel Ali Youssef A, Elkanayati RM, Ashour EA, Smyth HDC, Repka MA. Formulation and evaluation of inhaled Sildenafil-loaded PLGA microparticles for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH): A novel high drug loaded formulation and scalable process via hot melt extrusion technology (Part Ⅰ). Int J Pharm 2024; 655:124044. [PMID: 38527563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, several techniques were employed to develop a local sustained pulmonary delivery of sildenafil citrate (SC) as an alternative for the intravenous and oral treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Most of these methods, however, need to be improved due to limitations of scalability, low yield production, low drug loading, and stability issues. In this study, we report the use of hot-melt extrusion (HME) as a scalable process for making Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles with high SC load. The prepared particles were tested in vitro for local drug delivery to the lungs by inhalation. Sodium bicarbonate was included as a porogen in the formulation to make the particles more brittle and to impart favorable aerodynamic properties. Six formulations were prepared with different formulation compositions. Laser diffraction analysis was used to estimate the geometric particle size distribution of the microparticles. In-vitro aerodynamic performance was evaluated by the next-generation cascade impactor (NGI). It was reported in terms of an emitted dose (ED), an emitted fraction (EF%), a respirable fraction (RF%), a fine particle fraction (FPF%), a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD), and geometric standard deviation (GSD). The formulations have also been characterized for surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug load, and in-vitro drug release. The results demonstrated that PLGA microparticles have a mean geometric particle size between 6 and 14 µm, entrapment efficiency of 77 to 89 %, and SC load between 17 and 33 % w/w. Fifteen percent of entrapped sildenafil was released over 24 h from the PLGA microparticles, and seventy percent over 7 days. The aerodynamic properties included fine particle fraction ranging between 19 and 33 % and an average mass median aerodynamic diameter of 6-13 µm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashan Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amr Hefnawy
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Ahmed Almotairy
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Industry Department, College of Pharmacy Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Alobaida
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Alyahya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulmajeed Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Rasha M Elkanayati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Chunhachaichana C, Sawatdee S, Rugmai S, Srichana T. Development and characterization of nanodispersion-based sildenafil pressurized metered-dose inhaler using combined small-angle X-ray scattering, dynamic light scattering, and impactors. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Kumar R, Mehta P, Shankar KR, Rajora MAK, Mishra YK, Mostafavi E, Kaushik A. Nanotechnology-Assisted Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs) for High-Performance Pulmonary Drug Delivery Applications. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2831-2855. [PMID: 35552983 PMCID: PMC9097569 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Respiratory disorders pose a major threat to the morbidity and mortality to public health. Here we reviewed the nanotechnology based pulmonary drug delivery using metered dose inhalers. METHODS Major respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), asthma, acute lower respiratory tract infections, tuberculosis (TB) and lung cancer. At present, common treatments for respiratory disorders include surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy or a combination. The major challenge is development of systemic delivery of the chemotherapeutic agents to the respiratory system. Conventional delivery of chemotherapy has various limitation and adverse side effected. Hence, targeted, and systemic delivery need to be developed. Towards this direction nanotechnology, based controlled, targeted, and systemic drug delivery systems are potential candidate to enhance therapeutic efficacy with minimum side effect. Among different route of administration, pulmonary delivery has unique benefits such as circumvents first pass hepatic metabolism and reduces dose and side effects. RESULTS Respiratory disorders pose a major threat to the morbidity and mortality to public health globally. Pulmonary delivery can be achieved through various drug delivery devices such as nebulizers, dry powder inhalers, and metered dose inhalers. Among them, metered dose inhalers are the most interesting and first choice of clinician over others. This review focused on nanotechnology based pulmonary drug delivery using metered dose inhalers. This report focused on delivery of various types of therapeutics using nanocarriers such as polymeric nanoparticles and micelles, dendrimers, lipid nanocarriers such as liposomes, solid lipid nanostructures and nanostructured lipid carriers, and other using metered dose inhalers discussed comprehensively. This report provides insight about the effect of parameters of MDI such as co-solvent, propellants, actuators shape, nozzle diameters, and jet lengths, and respiratory flow rate, and particle size of co-suspension of drug on aerodynamics and lung deposition of formulation. This review also provided the insight about various metered dose inhalers market scenario and digital metered dose inhalers. CONCLUSION This report concluded the clinical potential of metered dose inhalers, summary of current progress and future perspectives towards the smart digital metered dose inhalers development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA.
| | - Piyush Mehta
- Pharmaceutical Technology Center, Department of Aerosol, Zydus Life Sciences Ltd., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Manju A K Rajora
- College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 100029, India
| | - Yogendra Kumar Mishra
- Mads Clausen Institute, NanoSYD, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, 6400, Sønderborg, Denmark.,Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.,NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, USA.
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Plaunt AJ, Islam S, Macaluso T, Gauani H, Baker T, Chun D, Viramontes V, Chang C, Corboz MR, Chapman RW, Li Z, Cipolla DC, Perkins WR, Malinin VS. Development and Characterization of Treprostinil Palmitil Inhalation Aerosol for the Investigational Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E548. [PMID: 33430435 PMCID: PMC7828008 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treprostinil palmitil (TP) is a prodrug of treprostinil (TRE), a pulmonary vasodilator that has been previously formulated for inhaled administration via a nebulizer. TP demonstrates a sustained presence in the lungs with reduced systemic exposure and prolonged inhibition of hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in vivo. Here, we report on re-formulation efforts to develop a more convenient solution-based metered-dose inhaler (MDI) formulation of TP, a treprostinil palmitil inhalation aerosol (TPIA) that matches the pharmacokinetic (PK) and efficacy profile of a nebulized TP formulation, treprostinil palmitil inhalation suspension (TPIS). MDI canisters were manufactured using a two-stage filling method. Aerosol performance, formulation solubility, and chemical stability assays were utilized for in vitro evaluation. For in vivo studies, TPIA formulations were delivered to rodents using an inhalation tower modified for MDI delivery. Using an iterative process involving evaluation of formulation performance in vitro (TP and excipient solubility, chemical stability, physical stability, and aerosol properties) and confirmatory testing in vivo (rat PK and efficacy, guinea pig cough), a promising formulation was identified. The optimized formulation, TPIA-W, demonstrates uniform in vitro drug delivery, a PK profile suitable for a once-daily administration, efficacy lasting at least 12 h in a hypoxic challenge model, and a significantly higher cough threshold than the parent drug treprostinil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vladimir S. Malinin
- Insmed Incorporated, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA; (A.J.P.); (S.I.); (T.M.); (H.G.); (T.B.); (D.C.); (V.V.); (C.C.); (M.R.C.); (R.W.C.); (Z.L.); (D.C.C.); (W.R.P.)
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Sou T, Bergström CAS. Contemporary Formulation Development for Inhaled Pharmaceuticals. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:66-86. [PMID: 32916138 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery has gained increased interests over the past few decades. For respiratory conditions, targeted drug delivery directly to the site of action can achieve a high local concentration for efficacy with reduced systemic exposure and adverse effects. For systemic conditions, the unique physiology of the lung evolutionarily designed for rapid gaseous exchange presents an entry route for systemic drug delivery. Although the development of inhaled formulations has come a long way over the last few decades, many aspects of it remain to be elucidated. In particular, a reliable and well-understood method for in vitro-in vivo correlations remains to be established. With the rapid and ongoing advancement of technology, there is much potential to better utilise computational methods including different types of modelling and simulation approaches to support inhaled formulation development. This review intends to provide an introduction on some fundamental concepts in pulmonary drug delivery and inhaled formulation development followed by discussions on some challenges and opportunities in the translation of inhaled pharmaceuticals from preclinical studies to clinical development. The review concludes with some recent advancements in modelling and simulation approaches that could play an increasingly important role in modern formulation development of inhaled pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Sou
- Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Pharmacometrics, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Drug Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Chunhachaichana C, Sritharadol R, Sawatdee S, Heng PWS, Srichana T. Development of nanodispersion-based sildenafil metered-dose inhalers stabilized by poloxamer 188: a potential candidate for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 24:1218-1228. [PMID: 31361185 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1650766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aims to formulate nanodispersion-based sildenafil metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) by using poloxamer 188 (P188) as a stabilizer; to evaluate their stability, aerosol characteristics, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory effects; and to investigate the effects of P188 on stability and aerosol characteristics of the MDIs. Methods: The stability and uniformity of the formulations were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography method. The aerosol characteristics were evaluated by the Next Generation Impactor. The cytotoxicity and inflammatory effects on respiratory epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages were evaluated by MTT assay and TNF-α, IL-1β, and NO assay, respectively. Results: The optimal formulation was stable and well-uniform after 6 months. The fine particle fraction and mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of the formulation were 61.9% ± 2.5% and 1.69 ± 0.06 µm, respectively. The formulation was found to be nontoxic to respiratory epithelial cells and did not induce the inflammatory responses of alveolar macrophages. A positive correlation between P188 concentration and MMAD of the MDIs was observed. P188 possesses an ability to prevent the growth of sildenafil citrate monohydrate crystals in the formulations. Conclusions: The findings provided a basis for the development of sildenafil MDI as a potential candidate for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charisopon Chunhachaichana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Thailand
| | - Rutthapol Sritharadol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Thailand
| | - Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand.,School of Pharmacy, Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Thailand.,Drug Delivery System Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai , Thailand
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Nguyen TT, Yi EJ, Hwang KM, Cho CH, Park CW, Kim JY, Rhee YS, Park ES. Formulation and evaluation of carrier-free dry powder inhaler containing sildenafil. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:319-333. [PMID: 30276666 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension could overcome the limitations of intravenous and oral administration routes, such as poor patient compliance and systemic side effects. In this study, a carrier-free dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation was developed, using spray drying technique and L-leucine as a dispersibility enhancer. Sildenafil citrate salt and sildenafil free base were evaluated for drug transport using a Calu-3 cell model, and their suitability for DPI production by spray drying was tested. Characteristics of the resultant carrier-free DPI powders were examined, namely crystallinity, morphology, size distribution, density, zeta potential, and aerodynamic performance. A Box-Behnken design was adopted to optimize the formulation and process conditions, including leucine amount, fraction of methanol in spraying solvent, and inlet temperature. While both sildenafil forms exhibited sufficient permeability for lung absorption, only sildenafil base resulted in DPI powders which were stable for 6 months. The introduction of leucine into the formulations effectively enhanced aerodynamic performance of the powders and particles with favorable size, shape, and density were produced. The optimal DPI formulation determined from experimental design possesses excellent aerodynamic performance with 89.39% emitted dose and 80.08% fine particle fraction, indicating the possibility of incorporating sildenafil into carrier-free DPIs for pulmonary delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Tram Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Mok Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Cho
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Woong Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Woosuk University, Wanju-gun, 565-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Rhee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Teymouri Rad R, Dadashzadeh S, Vatanara A, Alavi S, Ghasemian E, Mortazavi SA. Tadalafil nanocomposites as a dry powder formulation for inhalation, a new strategy for pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 133:275-286. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Sawatdee S, Atipairin A, Sae Yoon A, Srichana T, Changsan N, Suwandecha T, Chanthorn W, Phoem A. Oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of sildenafil citrate dry foam tablets in rats. COGENT MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2018.1510821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Sawatdee
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Apichart Atipairin
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Attawadee Sae Yoon
- Drug and Cosmetics Excellence Center, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
- School of Pharmacy, Walailak University, Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80161, Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | | | - Tan Suwandecha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Wirot Chanthorn
- Faculty of Public Health, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Muang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Atchara Phoem
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Muang, Songkhla 9000, Thailand
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Sawatdee S, Atipairin A, Sae Yoon A, Srichana T, Changsan N. Enhanced dissolution of sildenafil citrate as dry foam tablets. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 24:1-11. [PMID: 28135896 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1281952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dry foam formulation technology is alternative approach to enhance dissolution of the drug. Sildenafil citrate was suspended in sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and adding a mixture of maltodextrin and mannitol as diluent to form a paste. Sildenafil citrate paste was passed through a nozzle spray bottle to obtain smooth foam. The homogeneous foam was dried in a vacuum oven and sieved to obtain dry foam granules. The granules were mixed with croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate and compressed into tablet. All formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical properties and dissolution profiles. All the tested excipients were compatible with sildenafil citrate by both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared (IR) analysis. There are no X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks representing crystals of sildenafil citrate observed form dry foam formulations. The hardness of tablets was about 5 kg, friability test <1% with a disintegration time <5 min. The sildenafil citrate dry foam tablet had higher dissolution rate in 0.1 N HCl in comparison with commercial sildenafil citrate tablet, sildenafil citrate prepared by direct compression and wet granulation method. Sildenafil citrate dry foam tablet with the high-level composition of surfactant, water and diluent showed enhanced dissolution rate than that of the lower-level composition of these excipients. This formulation was stable under accelerated conditions for at least 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Sawatdee
- a Drug and Cosmetic Research and Development Unit , Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand.,b School of Pharmacy , Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand
| | - Apichart Atipairin
- a Drug and Cosmetic Research and Development Unit , Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand.,b School of Pharmacy , Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand
| | - Attawadee Sae Yoon
- a Drug and Cosmetic Research and Development Unit , Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand.,b School of Pharmacy , Walailak University , Nakhon Si Thammarat , Thailand
| | - Teerapol Srichana
- c Drug Delivery System Excellence Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Prince of Songkla University , Hat Yai, Songkhla , Thailand
| | - Narumon Changsan
- d Faculty of Pharmacy , Rungsit University , Pathum Thani , Thailand
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11
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Thermodynamic solubility and density of sildenafil citrate in ethanol and water mixtures: Measurement and correlation at various temperatures. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Zhong Q, Merkel OM, Reineke JJ, da Rocha SRP. Effect of the Route of Administration and PEGylation of Poly(amidoamine) Dendrimers on Their Systemic and Lung Cellular Biodistribution. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1866-78. [PMID: 27148629 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
There are many opportunities in the development of oral inhalation (oi) formulations for the delivery of small molecule therapeutics and biologics to and through the lungs. Nanocarriers have the potential to play a key role in advancing oi technologies and pushing the boundary of the pulmonary delivery market. In this work we investigate the effect of the route of administration and PEGylation on the systemic and lung cellular biodistribution of generation 3, amino-terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers (G3NH2). Pharmacokinetic profiles show that the dendrimers reach their peak concentration in systemic circulation within a few hours after pulmonary delivery, independent of their chemistry (PEGylated or not), charge (+24 mV for G3NH2 vs -3.7 mV for G3NH2-24PEG1000), or size (5.1 nm for G3NH2 and 9.9 nm for G3NH2-24PEG1000). However, high density of surface modification with PEG enhances pulmonary absorption and the peak plasma concentration upon pulmonary delivery. The route of administration and PEGylation also significantly impact the whole body and local (lung cellular) distribution of the dendrimers. While ca. 83% of G3NH2 is found in the lungs upon pulmonary delivery at 6.5 h post administration, only 2% reached the lungs upon intravenous (iv) delivery. Moreover, no measurable concentration of either G3NH2 or G3NH2-24PEG1000 is found in the lymph nodes upon iv administration, while these are the tissues with the second highest mass distribution of dendrimers post pulmonary delivery. Dendrimer chemistry also significantly impacts the (cellular) distribution of the nanocarriers in the lung tissue. Upon pulmonary delivery, approximately 20% of the lung endothelial cells are seen to internalize G3NH2-24PEG1000, compared to only 6% for G3NH2. Conversely, G3NH2 is more readily taken up by lung epithelial cells (35%) when compared to its PEGylated counterpart (24%). The results shown here suggest that both the pulmonary route of administration and dendrimer chemistry combined can be used to passively target tissues and cell populations of great interest, and can thus be used as guiding principles in the development of dendrimer-based drug delivery strategies in the treatment of medically relevant diseases including lung ailments as well as systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Olivia M Merkel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States.,Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , 81377 München, Germany
| | - Joshua J Reineke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, South Dakota State University , Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University , Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
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13
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Sawatdee S, Atipairin A, Yoon AS, Srichana T. Enhanced dissolution of sildenafil dry foam tablets. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2015.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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