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Liang R, Xu L, Fan C, Cao L, Guo X. Structural Characteristics and Antioxidant Mechanism of Donkey-Hide Gelatin Peptides by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Molecules 2023; 28:7975. [PMID: 38138465 PMCID: PMC10745372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the structural characteristics and antioxidant mechanism of donkey-hide gelatin peptides. After hydrolysis and ultrafiltration treatment, five gelatin peptides with different molecular weights (MWs) were obtained. Amino acid analysis showed that gelatin peptides with different MWs contained a large number of amino acids, including G, P, E, N, A, and R, and differences were noted in the content of various amino acids. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism revealed that these gelatin peptides differed in terms of the peak strength of functional groups and number of secondary structures. Moreover, 26 pentapeptides/hexapeptides were identified. Among them, we investigated by molecular docking how PGPAP, which has the best antioxidant activity, may interact with the Keap1 protein. The results showed that the PGPAP-Keap1 complex had a stable conformation, and Arg415, Gly462, Phe478, and Tyr572 were the key residues involved in the binding of the peptide PGPAP to Keap1. Our results demonstrated that PGPAP could serve as a bioactive peptide with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xingfeng Guo
- Agricultural Science and Engineering School, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China; (R.L.); (L.X.); (C.F.); (L.C.)
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2
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Rageh MM, Abdelmoneam EA, Sharaky M, Mohamad EA. Physico-chemical properties of curcumin nanoparticles and its efficacy against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20637. [PMID: 38001124 PMCID: PMC10674021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47255-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a bioactive component with anticancer characteristics; nevertheless, it has poor solubility and fast metabolism, resulting in low bioavailability and so restricting its application. Curcumin loaded in nano emulsions (Cur-NE) was developed to improve water solubility and eliminate all the limitations of curcumin. Size distribution, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements, UV-Visible spectra, IR spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), were used to characterize the prepared Cur-NE. Cancer therapeutic efficacy was assessed by oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), DNA damage, apoptotic proteins (caspase-3 and 9), besides investigating tumor histology and monitoring tumor growth. Additionally, the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the liver, kidney, heart, and spleen tissues were examined to gauge the adverse effects of the treatment method's toxicity. The results showed that Cur-NE is more effective than free curcumin at slowing the growth of Ehrlich tumors while significantly increasing the levels of apoptotic proteins. On the other hand, Cur-NE-treated mice showed some damage in other organs when compared to mice treated with free curcumin. Cur-NE has a higher efficacy in treating Ehrlich tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monira M Rageh
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Eman A Abdelmoneam
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtesam A Mohamad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Palakkal S, Cortial A, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Soroka Y, Tzur T, Nassar T, Benita S. Effect of cyclosporine A - Tempol topical gel for the treatment of alopecia and anti-inflammatory disorders. Int J Pharm 2023:123121. [PMID: 37307961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, extensive research has been carried out to develop new chemical entities for hair loss treatment. Despite these efforts, the newly developed topical and oral treatments have not proven to be curative. Hair loss can result from underlying mechanisms, such as inflammation and apoptosis around hair follicles. We have developed a nanoemulsion based on Pemulen gel for topical application, tentatively addressing both mechanisms. The novel formulation contains two well-known molecules: Cyclosporin A (CsA), an immunosuppressant calcineurin inhibitor, and Tempol, a potent antioxidant. The in vitro permeation study on human skin revealed that the CsA-Tempol gel formulation effectively delivered CsA into the skin's inner target layer, the dermis. The effects of the CsA-Tempol gel on hair regrowth were further demonstrated in the in vivo well-established androgenetic model induced in female C57BL/6 mice. The beneficial outcome was statistically confirmed by quantitative analysis of hair regrowth, weasured by color density. The results were further supported by histology analysis. Our findings revealed a topical synergy effect, resulting in lower therapeutic concentrations of both actives unlikely to cause systemic side effects. Overall, our research suggests that the CsA-Tempol gel is a highly promising platform for treating alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarin Palakkal
- The Institute of Drug Research of the School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Angèle Cortial
- The Institute of Drug Research of the School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- The Institute of Drug Research of the School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- The Institute of Drug Research of the School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tomer Tzur
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Taher Nassar
- The Institute of Drug Research of the School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Simon Benita
- The Institute of Drug Research of the School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
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The neuroprotective and antidiabetic effects of trigonelline: A review of signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Biochimie 2023; 206:93-104. [PMID: 36257493 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The global epidemic of diabetes has brought heavy pressure on public health. New effective anti-diabetes strategies are urgently needed. Trigonelline is the main component of fenugreek, which has been proved to have a good therapeutic effect on diabetes and diabetic complications. Trigonelline achieves amelioration of diabetes, the mechanisms of which include the modulation of insulin secretion, a reduction in oxidative stress, and the improvement of glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Besides, trigonelline has been reported to be a neuroprotective agent against many neurologic diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, and depression. Concerning the potential therapeutic effects of trigonelline, comprehensive clinical trials are warranted to evaluate this valuable molecule.
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Kahremany S, Hofmann L, Gruzman A, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Cohen G. NRF2 in dermatological disorders: Pharmacological activation for protection against cutaneous photodamage and photodermatosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:262-276. [PMID: 35753587 PMCID: PMC9350913 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The skin barrier and its endogenous protective mechanisms cope daily with exogenous stressors, of which ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses an imminent danger. Although the skin is able to reduce the potential damage, there is a need for comprehensive strategies for protection. This is particularly important when developing pharmacological approaches to protect against photocarcinogenesis. Activation of NRF2 has the potential to provide comprehensive and long-lasting protection due to the upregulation of numerous cytoprotective downstream effector proteins that can counteract the damaging effects of UVR. This is also applicable to photodermatosis conditions that exacerbate the damage caused by UVR. This review describes the alterations caused by UVR in normal skin and photosensitive disorders, and provides evidence to support the development of NRF2 activators as pharmacological treatments. Key natural and synthetic activators with photoprotective properties are summarized. Lastly, the gap in knowledge in research associated with photodermatosis conditions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kahremany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel; The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, 86910, Israel
| | - Lukas Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada, 86910, Israel; Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat, 8855630, Israel.
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Sarfraz I, Rasul A, Hussain G, Shah MA, Nageen B, Jabeen F, Selamoğlu Z, Uçak İ, Asrar M, Adem S. A review on phyto-pharmacology of Oxalis corniculata. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 25:1181-1186. [PMID: 34391377 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210813121431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Oxalis corniculata (Oxalidaceae) is a small decumbent and delicate appearing medicinal herb flourishing in warm temperate and tropical domains such as Pakistan and India. Main bioactive chemical constituents of Oxalis plant include several alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phlobatannins along with steroids. Due to its polyphenolic, glycosides and flavonoid profile, it is proved to be protective in numerous ailments and exhibit various biological activities such as anti-fungal, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, and cardioprotective. Moreover, bioactive phytochemicals from this plant possess significant wound healing potential. Our current effort intends to emphasize on the immense significance of this plant species, which have not been the subject matter of clinical trials and effective pharmacological studies, even though its favored usage has been stated. This review proposes that Oxalis corniculata possess potential for the cure of various diseases, however, further researches on isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds along with pre-clinical trials are compulsory to figure out its pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Nageen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeliha Selamoğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Campus 51240, Turkey
| | - İlknur Uçak
- Department of Animal Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, 51240, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Asrar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sevki Adem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, 18100 Cankiri, Turkey
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Tempol reduces inflammation and oxidative damage in cigarette smoke-exposed mice by decreasing neutrophil infiltration and activating the Nrf2 pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 329:109210. [PMID: 32726580 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture capable of triggering inflammation and oxidative damage in animals at pulmonary and systemic levels. Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) reduces tissue injury associated with inflammation in vivo by mechanisms that are not completely understood. Here we evaluated the effect of tempol on inflammation and oxidative damage induced by acute exposure to cigarette smoke in vivo. Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): 1) control group exposed to ambient air (GC), 2) animals exposed to cigarette smoke for 5 days (CSG), mice treated 3) prior or 4) concomitantly with tempol (50 mg/kg/day) and exposed to cigarette smoke for 5 days. The results showed that the total number of leukocytes and neutrophils increased in the respiratory tract and lung parenchyma of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. Likewise, MPO levels and activity as well as lipid peroxidation and lung protein nitration and carbonylation also increased. Administration of tempol before or during exposure to cigarette smoke inhibited all the above parameters. Tempol also reduced the pulmonary expression of the inflammatory cytokines Il-6, Il-1β and Il-17 to basal levels and of Tnf-α by approximately 50%. In contrast, tempol restored Il-10 and Tgf-β levels and enhanced the expression of Nrf2-associated genes, such as Ho-1 and Gpx2. Accordingly, total GPx activity increased in lung homogenates of tempol-treated animals. Taken together, our results show that tempol protects mouse lungs from inflammation and oxidative damage resulting from exposure to cigarette smoke, likely through reduction of leukocyte infiltration and increased transcription of some of the Nrf2-controlled genes.
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Equol’s Anti-Aging Effects Protect against Environmental Assaults by Increasing Skin Antioxidant Defense and ECM Proteins While Decreasing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. COSMETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics5010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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9
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Curcumin Protects Skin against UVB-Induced Cytotoxicity via the Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway: The Use of a Microemulsion Delivery System. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5205471. [PMID: 28757910 PMCID: PMC5516744 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5205471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin was found to be beneficial in treating several skin pathologies and diseases, providing antioxidant protection due to its reducing properties and its electrophilic properties (the ability to activate the Nrf2 pathway and induce phase II cytoprotective enzymes). Nevertheless, clinical applications of curcumin are being hampered by its insufficient solubility, chemical instability, and poor absorption, leading to low efficacy in preventing skin pathologies. These limitations can be overcome by using a nanotechnology-based delivery system. Here, we elucidated the possibility of using curcumin encapsulated in a microemulsion preserving its unique chemical structure. We also examined whether curcumin microemulsion would reduce UVB-induced toxicity in skin. A significant curcumin concentration was found in the human skin dermis following topical application of a curcumin microemulsion. Moreover, curcumin microemulsion enhanced the reduction of UV-induced cytotoxicity in epidermal cells, paving the way for other incorporated electrophiles in encapsulated form protecting skin against stress-related diseases.
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Lephart ED. Resveratrol, 4' Acetoxy Resveratrol, R-equol, Racemic Equol or S-equol as Cosmeceuticals to Improve Dermal Health. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061193. [PMID: 28587197 PMCID: PMC5486016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals are botanical compounds used in dermatology applications as cosmeceuticals to improve skin health. Resveratrol and equol are two of the best-known polyphenolic or phytoestrogens having similar chemical structures and some overlapping biological functions to 17β-estradiol. Human skin gene expression was reviewed for 28 different biomarkers when resveratrol, 4′ acetoxy resveratrol (4AR), R-equol, racemic equol or S-equol were tested. Sirtuin 1 activator (SIRT 1) was stimulated by resveratrol and 4AR only. Resveratrol, R-equol and racemic equol were effective on the aging biomarkers proliferating cell nuclear factor (PCNA), nerve growth factor (NGF), 5α-reductase and the calcium binding proteins S100 A8 and A9. Racemic equol and 4AR displayed among the highest levels for the collagens, elastin and tissue inhibitor of the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP 1). S-equol displayed the lowest level of effectiveness compared to the other compounds. The 4AR analog was more effective compared to resveratrol by 1.6-fold. R-equol and racemic equol were almost equal in potency displaying greater inhibition vs. resveratrol or its 4′ analog for the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), but among the inflammatory biomarkers, resveratrol, 4AR, R-equol and racemic equol displayed high inhibition. Thus, these cosmeceuticals display promise to improve dermal health; however, further study is warranted to understand how phytochemicals protect/enhance the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, LS 4005, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Lephart ED. Skin aging and oxidative stress: Equol's anti-aging effects via biochemical and molecular mechanisms. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 31:36-54. [PMID: 27521253 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen in biology is essential for life. It comes at a cost during normal cellular function, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by oxidative metabolism. Human skin exposed to solar ultra-violet radiation (UVR) dramatically increases ROS production/oxidative stress. It is important to understand the characteristics of human skin and how chronological (intrinsic) aging and photo-aging (extrinsic aging) occur via the impact of ROS production by cascade signaling pathways. The goal is to oppose or neutralize ROS insults to maintain good dermal health. Botanicals, as active ingredients, represent one of the largest categories used in dermatology and cosmeceuticals to combat skin aging. An emerging botanical is equol, a polyphenolic/isoflavonoid molecule found in plants and food products and via gastrointestinal metabolism from precursor compounds. Introductory sections cover oxygen, free radicals (ROS), oxidative stress, antioxidants, human skin aging, cellular/molecular ROS events in skin, steroid enzymes/receptors/hormonal actions and genetic factors in aging skin. The main focus of this review covers the characteristics of equol (phytoestrogenic, antioxidant and enhancement of extracellular matrix properties) to reduce skin aging along with its anti-aging skin influences via reducing oxidative stress cascade events by a variety of biochemical/molecular actions and mechanisms to enhance human dermal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Lephart
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
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Goldstein A, Soroka Y, Frušić-Zlotkin M, Lewis A, Kohen R. The bright side of plasmonic gold nanoparticles; activation of Nrf2, the cellular protective pathway. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:11748-11759. [PMID: 27224746 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr02113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely investigated for cancer therapy, due to their ability to strongly absorb light and convert it to heat and thus selectively destroy tumor cells. In this study we shed light on a new aspect of AuNPs and their plasmonic excitation, wherein they can provide anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory protection by stimulating the cellular protective Nrf2 pathway. Our study was carried out on cells of the immune system, macrophages, and on skin cells, keratinocytes. A different response to AuNPs was noted in the two types of cells, explained by their distinct uptake profiles. In keratinocytes, the exposure to AuNPs, even at low concentrations, was sufficient to activate the Nrf2 pathway, without any irradiation, due to the presence of free AuNPs inside the cytosol. In contrast, in macrophages, the plasmonic excitation of the AuNPs by a low, non-lethal irradiation dose was required for their release from the constraining vesicles. The mechanism by which AuNPs activate the Nrf2 pathway was studied. Direct and indirect activation were suggested, based on the inherent ability of the AuNPs to react with thiol groups and to generate reactive oxygen species, in particular, under plasmonic excitation. The ability of AuNPs to directly activate the Nrf2 pathway renders them good candidates for treatment of disorders in which the up-regulation of Nrf2 is beneficial, specifically for topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alona Goldstein
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel. and Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yoram Soroka
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
| | - Marina Frušić-Zlotkin
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
| | - Aaron Lewis
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ron Kohen
- The David and Ines Myers Skin Research Laboratory, The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112100, Israel.
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