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Tang TO, Holmes S, Boyd BJ, Simon GP. Extrusion and 3D printing of novel lipid-polymer blends for oral drug applications. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 137:212818. [PMID: 35929236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipids are interesting biological materials that can offer a number of pharmaceutical benefits when used as carriers for drug delivery. However, 3D printing of lipids alone by fused deposition processing techniques is very difficult as they have very poor mechanical properties that cause their filaments to fail when they are loaded into a fused deposition 3D printer. If this problem could be overcome, then lipids could be 3D printed into bespoke tablets and assist progress towards such personalised medicines. This work aims to improve the mechanical properties of lipid filaments by developing novel lipid-EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) blends suitable for 3D printing. Different types of lipids in varying proportions were melt blended with EVA and extruded using a micro compounder. The ultimate printability of the materials was tested by feeding the filaments into a material extrusion 3D printer. Flexural testing of the extruded blends demonstrates that a good balance between the strength and flexibility is required for a material to be printable and it was found that a filament has to have a modulus/strength ratio between 8 and 25 in order to be printable. SEM analysis of the fracture surface shows a network structure within the lipid matrix that could be playing a role in the improved properties of the best performing blends. DSC thermograms show a shift in thermal transitions, suggesting some level of miscibility of the components that could have contributed to a more robust structure. The TGA results show an onset of degradation of the blends greater than 200 °C, indicating that the materials can readily withstand the extrusion and printing temperatures. This study demonstrates the successful extrusion and 3D printing of novel EVA-lipid blends with lipid contents of up to 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany O Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Susan Holmes
- Manufacturing, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Research Way, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, 3052 Victoria, Australia.
| | - George P Simon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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2
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Chantadee T, Santimaleeworagun W, Phorom Y, Phaechamud T. Saturated Fatty Acid-Based In Situ Forming Matrices for Localized Antimicrobial Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090808. [PMID: 32854439 PMCID: PMC7559323 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the world has faced the issue of antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant problem in various treatments and control of infections. Biocompatible materials with saturated fatty acids of different chain lengths (C8-C18) were studied as matrix formers of localized injectable vancomycin HCl (VCM)-loaded antisolvent-induced in situ forming matrices. The series of fatty acid-based in situ forming matrices showed a low viscosity (5.47-13.97 cPs) and pH value in the range of 5.16-6.78, with high injectability through a 27-G needle (1.55-3.12 N). The preparations exhibited low tolerance to high concentrations of KH2PO4 solution (1.88-5.42% v/v) and depicted an electrical potential change during phase transformation. Their phase transition and matrix formation at the microscopic and macroscopic levels depended on the chain length of fatty acids and solvent characteristics. The VCM release pattern depended on the nucleation/crystallization and solvent exchange behaviors of the delivery system. The 35% w/v of C12-C16 fatty acid-based in situ forming matrix prolonged the VCM release over seven days in which C12, C14, C16 -based formulation reached 56, 84, and 85% cumulative drug release at 7th day. The release data fitted well with Higuchi's model. The developed formulations presented efficient antimicrobial activities against standard S. aureus, MRSA, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Hence, VCM-loaded antisolvent-induced fatty acid-based in situ forming matrix is a potential local delivery system for the treatment of local Gram-positive infection sites, such as joints, eyes, dermis of surgery sites, etc., in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takron Chantadee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (T.P.); Tel.: +66-034-255800 (T.C. & T.P.)
| | - Wichai Santimaleeworagun
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Yaowaruk Phorom
- Secretary Office of Faculty, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand;
| | - Thawatchai Phaechamud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Natural Bioactive and Material for Health Promotion and Drug Delivery System Group (NBM Group), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand
- Correspondence: (T.C.); (T.P.); Tel.: +66-034-255800 (T.C. & T.P.)
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Chauhan G, Shaik AA, Kulkarni NS, Gupta V. The preparation of lipid-based drug delivery system using melt extrusion. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:S1359-6446(20)30330-5. [PMID: 32835807 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Melt extrusion of lipids is versatile with high applicability in the pharmaceutical industry. The formulations prepared can be easily customized depending on the requirements, and have the potential to open a window on personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abdul A Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Current address: School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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De Coninck E, Vanhoorne V, Boone M, Van Assche G, De Geest BG, De Beer T, Vervaet C. Prilling of API/fatty acid suspensions: Screening of additives for drug release modification. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:119022. [PMID: 31926276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Current study screened additives which could modify the drug release from prills made of an active pharmaceutical ingredient/fatty acid (API/FA) suspension, without negatively influencing the processability and/or stability of the formulation. Therefore, 11 additives (i.e. emulsifiers, pore-formers and FA-based lubricants) were added in a 20% concentration to a paracetamol/behenic acid formulation. Two additives, Kolliphor® P338 and P407 provided complete drug release in less than 1 h, as their thermoreversible gel formation resulted in a disintegration of the prills. Lower Kolliphor® P338 or P407 concentrations (2.5-10%) resulted in a complete but slower drug release in 24 h as the prills no longer disintegrated and the release mechanism was dominated by pore-formation. Prills with a robust drug release profile (i.e. independent of pH and surfactant concentration of the dissolution medium) were obtained after the addition of ≥5% Kolliphor® P338 or P407 to the FA-based formulation. Based on a 6-month stability study, it was concluded that Kolliphor® P407 was a suitable additive to modify the drug release profile of API/FA suspension-based prills when formulations were stored below 25 °C at low relative humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Coninck
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - M Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - G Van Assche
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - B G De Geest
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - T De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Séquier F, Faivre V, Lanne JY, Daste G, Renouard M, Lesieur S. Critical steps during the prilling process of molten lipids: Main stumbling blocks due to pharmaceutical excipient properties. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:119036. [PMID: 31953083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Prilling by ultrasonic jet break-up is an efficient process to produce perfectly spherical microparticles homogeneous in size. However, the material properties could affect the manufacturability and the final product properties especially with lipid-based excipients which often exhibit complex structural properties. This work presents the characterisation of six lipid-based excipients differing by their melting point and polymorphic behaviour which were used to produce microspheres using a pilot-scale prilling equipment. The experimental results were compared to theoretical calculations, especially the droplet solidification time which is a key-parameter for this process. This work highlighted that monotropic polymorphism of excipients and supercooling effect have a significant impact on process parameters which should be considered with care during formulation design.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Séquier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; Sanofi Winthrop Industrie, 1 Rue de la Vierge, 33 565 Carbon Blanc Cedex, France
| | - V Faivre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - J-Y Lanne
- Sanofi Winthrop Industrie, 1 Rue de la Vierge, 33 565 Carbon Blanc Cedex, France
| | - G Daste
- Sanofi Winthrop Industrie, 1 Rue de la Vierge, 33 565 Carbon Blanc Cedex, France
| | - M Renouard
- Sanofi Winthrop Industrie, 1 Rue de la Vierge, 33 565 Carbon Blanc Cedex, France
| | - S Lesieur
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris Sud, 5 rue JB Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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De Coninck E, Vanhoorne V, Elmahdy A, Boone M, Van Assche G, Markl D, De Geest BG, De Beer T, Vervaet C. Prilling of API/fatty acid suspensions: Processability and characterisation. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118756. [PMID: 31648017 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Current study evaluated the processability and characteristics of prills made of an active pharmaceutical ingredient/fatty acid (API/FA) suspension instead of previously studied API/FA solutions to enlarge the application field of prilling. Metformin hydrochloride (MET) and paracetamol (PAR) were used as model APIs while both the effect of drug load (10-40%) and FA chain length (C14-C22) were evaluated. API/FA suspensions were processable on lab-scale prilling equipment without thermal degradation, nozzle obstruction or sedimentation in function of processing time. The collected prills were spherical (AR ≥ 0.898) with a smooth surface (sphericity ≥ 0.914) and a particle size of ±2.3 mm and 2.4 mm for MET and PAR prills, respectively, independent of drug load and/or FA chain length. In vitro drug release evaluation revealed a faster drug release at higher drug load, higher API water solubility and shorter FA chain length. Solid state characterisation via XRD and Raman spectroscopy showed that API and FA crystallinity was maintained after thermal processing via prilling and during storage. Evaluation of the similarity factor indicated a stable drug release (f2 > 50) from MET and PAR prills after 6 months storage at 25 °C or 40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Coninck
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - V Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - A Elmahdy
- Materials Science and Technology - DyMaLab Research Group, Department of Electromechanical Systems and Materials, Ghent University, Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - M Boone
- Centre for X-ray Tomography (UGCT), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - G Van Assche
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - D Markl
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom; EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - B G De Geest
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - T De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Paulo BB, Schmiele M, Maximo GJ, Prata AS. Carnauba Wax Particles: Investigation of Dripping and Cold‐Extrusion Processes. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Barbon Paulo
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food EngineeringState University of Campinas 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083‐862, Campinas Brazil
| | - Marcio Schmiele
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food EngineeringState University of Campinas 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083‐862, Campinas Brazil
| | - Guilherme José Maximo
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food EngineeringState University of Campinas 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083‐862, Campinas Brazil
| | - Ana Silvia Prata
- Department of Food Engineering, School of Food EngineeringState University of Campinas 80 Monteiro Lobato Street, 13083‐862, Campinas Brazil
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Palazi E, Karavas E, Barmpalexis P, Kostoglou M, Nanaki S, Christodoulou E, Bikiaris DN. Melt extrusion process for adjusting drug release of poorly water soluble drug felodipine using different polymer matrices. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 114:332-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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9
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Nagy B, Farkas A, Gyürkés M, Komaromy-Hiller S, Démuth B, Szabó B, Nusser D, Borbás E, Marosi G, Nagy ZK. In-line Raman spectroscopic monitoring and feedback control of a continuous twin-screw pharmaceutical powder blending and tableting process. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:21-29. [PMID: 28723408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The integration of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative into the continuous production of pharmaceuticals is indispensable for reliable production. The present paper reports the implementation of in-line Raman spectroscopy in a continuous blending and tableting process of a three-component model pharmaceutical system, containing caffeine as model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), glucose as model excipient and magnesium stearate as lubricant. The real-time analysis of API content, blend homogeneity, and tablet content uniformity was performed using a Partial Least Squares (PLS) quantitative method. The in-line Raman spectroscopic monitoring showed that the continuous blender was capable of producing blends with high homogeneity, and technological malfunctions can be detected by the proposed PAT method. The Raman spectroscopy-based feedback control of the API feeder was also established, creating a 'Process Analytically Controlled Technology' (PACT), which guarantees the required API content in the produced blend. This is, to the best of the authors' knowledge, the first ever application of Raman-spectroscopy in continuous blending and the first Raman-based feedback control in the formulation technology of solid pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Attila Farkas
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Martin Gyürkés
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Démuth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Bence Szabó
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Dávid Nusser
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - György Marosi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary
| | - Zsombor Kristóf Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rakpart 3, Hungary.
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Aleksovski A, Van Bockstal PJ, Roškar R, Sovány T, Regdon G, De Beer T, Vervaet C, Dreu R. Comparison of metoprolol tartrate multiple-unit lipid matrix systems produced by different technologies. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 88:233-45. [PMID: 26980237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop, evaluate and compare extended release mini-matrices based on metoprolol tartrate (MPT) and either glyceryl behenate (GB) or glyceryl palmitostearate (GPS). Mini-matrices were produced by three different techniques: hot melt extrusion, compression of melt granulates and prilling. Hot-melt extrusion and compression of granules obtained from melted material proved to be reliable, robust and reproducible techniques with aim of obtaining extended release matrices. Prilling tended to be susceptible to increased melt viscosity. Direct compression was not applicable for mini-matrix production due to poor powder flow. In general MPT release from all matrices was affected by its loading and the size of the units/particles. Processing of GB-MPT mixtures by different techniques did not lead to different drug release rates and patterns, while in case of GPS differently obtained matrices provided diverse MPT release outcomes. Matrices based on GB tended to have higher porosity compared to ones composed of GPS and thus most of the GB-based formulations showed faster drug delivery. FT-IR analysis revealed no interactions between primary components used for matrix production and Raman mapping outlined uniform MPT distribution throughout the units. DSC and X-ray studies revealed significant changes in the crystallinity of glycerides after storage under room conditions (GPS samples) and at increased temperature (GB and GPS samples), which was correlated to the changes seen in drug release rate and pattern after storage. Media composition in general tended to insignificantly affect GB matrices, while in case of GPS matrices increasing the pH and presence of biorelevant compounds induced faster drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Aleksovski
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Pieter-Jan Van Bockstal
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robert Roškar
- Department of Biopharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Géza Regdon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rok Dreu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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