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Murphy JN, Kobti JL, Dao M, Wear D, Okoko M, Pandey S, Vukotic VN. Therapeutic coordination polymers: tailoring drug release through metal-ligand interactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7041-7050. [PMID: 38756811 PMCID: PMC11095386 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00732h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing tunable materials which exhibit sustained drug release is a considerable challenge. Herein, we report the concept of Therapeutic Coordination Polymers (TCPs); non-porous coordination polymers constructed from biocompatible components which demonstrate tunable zero-order drug release kinetics upon degradation of metal-ligand bonds. TCPs were constructed from three principal components: (i) a cationic metal center (M = Mg2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, or Cu2+); (ii) an anionic drug (Diclofenac); and (iii) an alkyl bis-imidazole organic ligand which behaves as a "linker" between metal centers. Most drug-release materials, such as amorphous polymer dispersions, or metal-organic frameworks rely on a diffusion-based mechanism for drug release, but the degradation-controlled release of drugs from non-porous one-periodic coordination polymers has been largely unexplored. TCPs described herein exhibit a high wt% of pharmaceutical (>62%), tailorable zero-order drug release rate kinetics which span over three orders of magnitude, and stimuli-responsive drug release behavior making them well suited for extended drug-release applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Murphy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph 50 Stone Rd E Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Joy-Lynn Kobti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Michelle Dao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Darcy Wear
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto Toronto ON M5R 0A3 Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Michael Okoko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
| | - V Nicholas Vukotic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor ON N9B 3P4 Canada
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2
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Mattusch AM, Schaldach G, Bartsch J, Thommes M. Intrinsic dissolution rate modeling for the pharmacopoeia apparatus rotating disk compared to flow channel method. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:281-290. [PMID: 38501605 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2329115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
For a solid understanding of drug characteristics, in vitro measurement of the intrinsic dissolution rate is important. Hydrodynamics are often emphasized as the decisive parameter influencing the dissolution. In this study, experiments and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations showed that the mixing behavior in the rotating disc apparatus causes an inhomogeneous flow field and a systematic error in the calculation of the intrinsic dissolution rate. This error is affected by both the experimental time and the velocity. Due to the rotational movement around the tablet center, commonly utilized in pharmacopeia methods, a broad variance is present with regard to the impact of fluid velocity on individual particles of the specimen surface. As this is significantly reduced in the case of uniform overflow, the flow channel is recommended for investigating the dissolution behavior. It is shown that rotating disc measurements can be compared with flow channel measurements after adjusting the measured data for the rotating disc based on a proposed, representative Reynolds number and a suggested apparatus-dependent correction factor. Additionally, modeling the apparatus-independent intrinsic dissolution rate for different temperatures in the rotating disc apparatus is possible using the adapted Levich's equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie M Mattusch
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schaldach
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Germany
| | - Jens Bartsch
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Germany
| | - Markus Thommes
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Germany
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3
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Zöller L, Avdeef A, Karlsson E, Borde A, Carlert S, Saal C, Dressman J. A comparison of USP 2 and µDISS Profiler™ apparatus for studying dissolution phenomena of ibuprofen and its salts. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 193:106684. [PMID: 38154507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical salts of poorly soluble drugs typically dissolve faster than their corresponding free acid or base, resulting in supersaturation under some circumstances. The key questions relevant to drug bioavailability "does the salt invoke the supersaturated state?" and, if so, "does precipitation occur?" remain. To answer these questions, different types of dissolution equipment are often used at different stages of the development process. AIM To compare the dissolution behaviour of ibuprofen and its sodium and lysine salts in the USP 2 apparatus and the µDISS Profiler™ apparatus. The dissolution, supersaturation of the salt forms and precipitation to the free acid of ibuprofen were characterized along with the dissolution of the free acid form. METHODS Media containing different concentrations of the salt-forming counterions - sodium and lysine - were used to investigate the influence of the type of dissolution apparatus used for the study on dissolution, supersaturation and precipitation behaviour. KEY RESULTS Supersaturation was observed for both the sodium and lysinate salts of ibuprofen in all USP 2 apparatus and µDISS Profiler™ experiments. However, precipitation tended to be far greater in the µDISS Profiler™ than in the USP 2 apparatus. The difference was most pronounced in pH 4.5 acetate buffer, in which precipitation was observed exclusively in experiments with the µDISS Profiler™. CONCLUSION Choice of dissolution apparatus can affect the dissolution/supersaturation/precipitation characteristics of pharmaceutical salts. This has to be carefully taken into account when investigating salts over different stages of pharmaceutical research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurin Zöller
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Eva Karlsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Anders Borde
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Sara Carlert
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bio-Pharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, 43150 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Christoph Saal
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Strasse 65, 88400 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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4
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Römerová S, Dammer O, Zámostný P. Development of an Image-based Method for Tablet Microstructure Description and Its Correlation with API Release Rate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:199. [PMID: 37783877 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02658-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of a pharmaceutical formulation, such as the drug (API) release rate, is significantly influenced by the properties of the materials used, the composition of the final product and the tablet compression process parameters. However, in some cases, the knowledge of these input parameters does not necessarily provide a reliable description or prediction of tablet performance. Therefore, the knowledge of tablet microstructure is desirable to understand such formulations. Commonly used analytical techniques, such as X-ray tomography and intrusion mercury porosimetry, are not widely used in pharmaceutical companies due to their price and/or toxicity, and therefore, efforts are made to develop a tool for fast and easy microstructure description. In this work, we have developed an image-based method for microstructure description and applied it to a model system consisting of ibuprofen and CaHPO4∙2H2O (API and excipient with different deformability). The obtained parameter, the quadratic mean of the equivalent diameter of the non-deformable, brittle excipient CaHPO4∙2H2O, was correlated with tablet composition, compression pressure and API release rate. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of describing the tablet dissolution performance in the presented model system based on the microstructural parameter, providing a possible model system for compressed solid dosage forms in which a plastic component is present and specific API release is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Römerová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Dammer
- Zentiva, k.s., U Kabelovny 130, 102 37, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zámostný
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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5
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Inexpensive and Easy-To-Use Alternative to the Die Holder for Pharmacopoeial Intrinsic Dissolution Tests. J Pharm Sci 2023:S0022-3549(23)00072-2. [PMID: 36863562 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacopoeial test method "Intrinsic Dissolution" (Ph.Eur. 2.9.29) is used to study the rate of dissolution for powders of active pharmaceutical ingredients normalized by the surface area. Therefore, powders are compacted into a special metal die holder, which is immersed into a dissolution vessel of the dissolution test apparatus (described in Ph.Eur. 2.9.3). However, in some cases, the test cannot be performed because the compacted powder would not stay in the die holder when in contact with the dissolution medium. In this study, we investigated the removable adhesive gum (RAG) as an alternative to the official die holder. Intrinsic dissolution tests were carried out to exemplify the use of the RAG for this purpose. As model substances, acyclovir and its co-crystal with glutaric acid were used. The RAG was validated for compatibility, release of extractables, unspecific adsorption and the ability to block drug release through the covered surfaces. The results showed that the RAG leaked no unwanted substances, showed no adsorption of acyclovir and blocked its release from covered surfaces. The intrinsic dissolution tests revealed, as expected, a constant release of drug with a small standard deviation between replicates. It was possible to distinguish the acyclovir release from the co-crystal and from the pure drug compound. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest to consider removable adhesive gum as an easy-to-use and inexpensive alternative to the compendial die holder in intrinsic dissolution tests.
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6
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Csicsák D, Szolláth R, Kádár S, Ambrus R, Bartos C, Balogh E, Antal I, Köteles I, Tőzsér P, Bárdos V, Horváth P, Borbás E, Takács-Novák K, Sinkó B, Völgyi G. The Effect of the Particle Size Reduction on the Biorelevant Solubility and Dissolution of Poorly Soluble Drugs with Different Acid-Base Character. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010278. [PMID: 36678907 PMCID: PMC9865396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Particle size reduction is a commonly used process to improve the solubility and the dissolution of drug formulations. The solubility of a drug in the gastrointestinal tract is a crucial parameter, because it can greatly influence the bioavailability. This work provides a comprehensive investigation of the effect of the particle size, pH, biorelevant media and polymers (PVA and PVPK-25) on the solubility and dissolution of drug formulations using three model compounds with different acid-base characteristics (papaverine hydrochloride, furosemide and niflumic acid). It was demonstrated that micronization does not change the equilibrium solubility of a drug, but it results in a faster dissolution. In contrast, nanonization can improve the equilibrium solubility of a drug, but the selection of the appropriate excipient used for nanonization is essential, because out of the two used polymers, only the PVPK-25 had an increasing effect on the solubility. This phenomenon can be explained by the molecular structure of the excipients. Based on laser diffraction measurements, PVPK-25 could also inhibit the aggregation of the particles more effectively than PVA, but none of the polymers could hold the nanonized samples in the submicron range until the end of the measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Csicsák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Szolláth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabina Kádár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rita Ambrus
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös Street, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csilla Bartos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, 6 Eötvös Street, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese Balogh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, 7 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Köteles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Tőzsér
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vivien Bárdos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Horváth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Borbás
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 3 Műegyetem Rkp., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Takács-Novák
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Sinkó
- Pion Inc., 10 Cook Street, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Gergely Völgyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, 9 Hőgyes Endre Street, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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7
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Wu H, Ma J, Qian S, Jiang W, Liu Y, Li J, Ke Z, Feng K. Co-amorphization of posaconazole using citric acid as an acidifier and a co-former for solubility improvement. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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8
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Weitzel J, Wünsch A, Rose O, Langer K. Different dissolution conditions affect stability and dissolution profiles of bioequivalent levodopa-containing oral dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2022; 629:122401. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Senniksen MB, Christfort JF, Marabini R, Spillum E, Matthews W, Da Vià L, Plum J, Rades T, Müllertz A. Development of a Microgram Scale Video-Microscopic Method to Investigate Dissolution Behavior of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:173. [PMID: 35739362 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02322-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Poor aqueous solubility is a common characteristic of new drug candidates, which leads to low or inconsistent oral bioavailability. This has sparked an interest in material efficient testing of solubility and dissolution rate. The aim was to develop a microgram scale video-microscopic method to screen the dissolution rates of poorly water-soluble drugs. This method was applied to six drugs (carvedilol, diazepam, dipyridamole, felodipine, fenofibrate, and indomethacin) in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), of indomethacin in buffer with varying pH, and of diazepam and dipyridamole in customized media. An additional aim was to track phase transformations for carbamazepine in FaSSIF. The dissolution rates and particle behavior of the drugs were investigated by tracking particle surface area over time using optical video-microscopy. Applying miniaturized UV spectroscopic dissolution resulted in a similar grouping of dissolution rates and pH effects, as for the video-microscopic setup. Using customized media showed that lysophospholipid enhanced the dissolution rate of diazepam and dipyridamole. The video-microscopic setup allowed for the nucleation of transparent particles on dissolving carbamazepine particles to be tracked over time. The developed setup offers a material efficient screening approach to group drugs according to dissolution rate, where the use of optical microscopy helps to achieve a high sample throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bøgh Senniksen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Juliane Fjelrad Christfort
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Erik Spillum
- BioSense Solutions ApS, Hirsemarken 1, 3520, Farum, Denmark
| | - Wayne Matthews
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Medicinal Science & Technology Stevenage, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Luigi Da Vià
- GlaxoSmithKline, Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Medicinal Science & Technology Stevenage, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Herts, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Jakob Plum
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. .,Bioneer:FARMA, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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10
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Characterizing the Physicochemical Properties of Two Weakly Basic Drugs and the Precipitates Obtained from Biorelevant Media. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020330. [PMID: 35214062 PMCID: PMC8879660 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, some weakly basic insoluble drugs will undergo precipitate and redissolution after emptying from the stomach to the small intestinal, resulting in the limited ability to predict the absorption characteristics of compounds in advance. Absorption is determined by the solubility and permeability of compounds, which are related to physicochemical properties, while knowledge about the absorption of redissolved precipitate is poorly documented. Considering that biorelevant media have been widely used to simulate gastrointestinal fluids, sufficient precipitates can be obtained in biorelevant media in vitro. Herein, the purpose of this manuscript is to evaluate the physicochemical properties of precipitates obtained from biorelevant media and active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), and then to explore the potential absorption difference between API and precipitates. Precipitates can be formed by the interaction between compounds and intestinal fluid contents, leading to changes in the crystal structure, melting point, and melting process. However, the newly formed crystals have some advantageous properties compared with the API, such as the improved dissolved rate and the increased intrinsic dissolution rate. Additionally, the permeability of some precipitates obtained from biorelevant media was different from API. Meanwhile, the permeability of rivaroxaban and Drug-A was decreased by 1.92-fold and 3.53-fold, respectively, when the experiments were performed in a biorelevant medium instead of a traditional medium. Therefore, the absorption of precipitate may differ from that of API, and the permeability assay in traditional medium may be overestimated. Based on the research results, it is crucial to understand the physicochemical properties of precipitates and API, which can be used as the departure point to improve the prediction performance of absorption.
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11
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Brown B, Ward A, Fazili Z, Østergaard J, Asare-Addo K. Application of UV dissolution imaging to pharmaceutical systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 177:113949. [PMID: 34461199 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UV-vis spectrometry is widely used in the pharmaceutical sciences for compound quantification, alone or in conjunction with separation techniques, due to most drug entities possessing a chromophore absorbing light in the range 190-800 nm. UV dissolution imaging, the scope of this review, generates spatially and temporally resolved absorbance maps by exploiting the UV absorbance of the analyte. This review aims to give an introduction to UV dissolution imaging and its use in the determination of intrinsic dissolution rates and drug release from whole dosage forms. Applications of UV imaging to non-oral formulations have started to emerge and are reviewed together with the possibility of utilizing UV imaging for physical chemical characterisation of drug substances. The benefits of imaging drug diffusion and transport processes are also discussed.
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12
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The influence of lipid digestion on the fate of orally administered drug delivery vehicles. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1749-1761. [PMID: 34431506 PMCID: PMC8421046 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review will focus on orally administered lipid-based drug delivery vehicles and specifically the influence of lipid digestion on the structure of the carrier lipids and their entrained drug cargoes. Digestion of the formulation lipids, which are typically apolar triglycerides, generates amphiphilic monoglycerides and fatty acids that can self-assemble into a diverse array of liquid crystalline structures. Tracking the dynamic changes in self-assembly of the lipid digestion products during digestion has recently been made possible using synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering. The influence of lipid chain length and degree of unsaturation on the resulting lipid structuring will be described in the context of the critical packing parameter theory. The chemical and structural transformation of the formulation lipids can also have a dramatic impact on the physical state of drugs co-administered with the formulation. It is often assumed that the best strategy for drug development is to maximise drug solubility in the undigested formulation lipids and to incorporate additives to maintain drug solubility during digestion. However, it is possible to improve drug absorption using lipid digestion in cases where the solubility of the dosed drug or one of its polymorphic forms is greater in the digested lipids. Three different fates for drugs administered with digestible lipid-based formulations will be discussed: (1) where the drug is more soluble in the undigested formulation lipids; (2) where the drug undergoes a polymorphic transformation during lipid digestion; and (3) where the drug is more soluble in the digested formulation lipids.
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13
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Li W, Song J, Li J, Li M, Tian B, He Z, Liu X, Fu Q. Co-amorphization of atorvastatin by lisinopril as a co-former for solubility improvement. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120971. [PMID: 34363915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The co-amorphous (CAM) technology has attracted extensive attention in recent years because it can improve the solubility and provide a formulation strategy for fixed dose combination for poorly water-soluble drugs. Atorvastatin (ATR) is a poorly water-soluble drug and it has strong anti-hyperlipidemia activity, and it is usually used in combination with lisinopril (LNP), an anti-hypertension drug. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility to develop ATR/LNP co-amorphous formulation using a cryo-milling method. The solid-state behaviors of the CAM systems were characterized by polarizing light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction. The molecular interaction between ATR and LNP was confirmed by the analysis of glass transition temperature and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Compared with crystalline ATR and neat amorphous ATR, the CAM systems showed significantly increased in vitro dissolution and intrinsic dissolution rate of ATR, because LNP enhanced the supersaturation maintenance of ATR and inhibited its solution-mediated recrystallization to a certain extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Mo Li
- Liaoning Institute for Drug Control, No. 7 Chongshan West Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Baocheng Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346, Guanhai Road, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Zhonggui He
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Sihuan Pharmaceutical Holdings Group Ltd., No. 13 Guangyuan West Street, Zhangjiawan Town Government, Tongzhou District, Beijing 100013, China.
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14
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An investigation of drug compact topography as relates to intrinsic dissolution rates determined by dissolution imaging. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Sou T, Soukarieh F, Williams P, Stocks MJ, Cámara M, Bergström CAS. Model-Informed Drug Discovery and Development in Pulmonary Delivery: Biopharmaceutical Pharmacometric Modeling for Formulation Evaluation of Pulmonary Suspensions. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25733-25746. [PMID: 33073099 PMCID: PMC7557213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For respiratory conditions, targeted drug delivery to the lungs could produce higher local concentrations with reduced risk of adverse events compared to systemic administration. Despite the increasing interest in pulmonary delivery, the pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs following pulmonary administration remains to be elucidated. In this context, the application of modeling and simulation methodologies to characterize PK properties of compounds following pulmonary administration remains a scarcity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) lung infections are resistant to many of the current antibiotic therapies. Targeted treatments for pulmonary delivery could be particularly beneficial for these local conditions. In this study, we report the application of biopharmaceutical pharmacometrics (BPMX) for the analysis of PK data from three investigational antimicrobial agents following pulmonary administration of a suspension formulation. The observed drug concentration-time profiles in lungs and plasma of the compound series were combined for simultaneous analysis and modeling. The developed model describes the PK data, taking into account formulation properties, and provides a mechanism to predict dissolved drug concentrations in the lungs available for activity. The model was then used to evaluate formulation effects and the impact of variability on total and dissolved drug concentrations in lungs and plasma. The predictions suggest that these therapies for lung delivery should ideally be delivered in a sustained release formulation with high solubility for maximum local exposure in lungs for efficacy, with rapid systemic clearance in plasma for reduced risk of unwanted systemic adverse effects. This work shows the potential benefits of BPMX and the role it can play to support drug discovery and development in pulmonary delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Sou
- Molecular
Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala
University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Pharmacometrics,
Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fadi Soukarieh
- Nottingham
University Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- The National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- Nottingham
University Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- The National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J. Stocks
- Nottingham
University Biodiscovery Institute, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- The National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel Cámara
- Nottingham
University Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- The National
Biofilms Innovation Centre, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Christel A. S. Bergström
- Drug
Delivery, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala
University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- The
Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, SE-751
23 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Matić J, Paudel A, Bauer H, Garcia RAL, Biedrzycka K, Khinast JG. Developing HME-Based Drug Products Using Emerging Science: a Fast-Track Roadmap from Concept to Clinical Batch. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:176. [PMID: 32572701 PMCID: PMC7308264 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a rational workflow for developing enabling formulations, such as amorphous solid dispersions, via hot-melt extrusion in less than a year. First, our approach to an integrated product and process development framework is described, including state-of-the-art theoretical concepts, modeling, and experimental characterization described in the literature and developed by us. Next, lab-scale extruder setups are designed (processing conditions and screw design) based on a rational, model-based framework that takes into account the thermal load required, the mixing capabilities, and the thermo-mechanical degradation. The predicted optimal process setup can be validated quickly in the pilot plant. Lastly, a transfer of the process to any GMP-certified manufacturing site can be performed in silico for any extruder based on our validated computational framework. In summary, the proposed workflow massively reduces the risk in product and process development and shortens the drug-to-market time for enabling formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Matić
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
| | - Hannes Bauer
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes G Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria.
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria.
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17
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Intrinsic Dissolution Rate Profiling of Poorly Water-Soluble Compounds in Biorelevant Dissolution Media. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060493. [PMID: 32481718 PMCID: PMC7356998 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is a key property that aids in early drug development, especially selecting formulation strategies to improve dissolution and thereby drug absorption in the intestine. Here, we developed a robust method for rapid, medium throughput screening of IDR and established the largest IDR dataset in open literature to date that can be used for pharmaceutical computational modeling. Eighteen compounds with diverse physicochemical properties were studied in both fasted and fed state simulated intestinal fluids. Dissolution profiles were measured in small-scale experimental assays using compound suspensions or discs. IDR measurements were not solely linked to API solubility in either dissolution media. Multivariate data analysis revealed that IDR strongly depends on compound partitioning into bile salt and phospholipid micelles in the simulated intestinal fluids, a process that in turn is governed by API lipophilicity, hydrophobicity, and ionization.
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18
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Design and development of a novel fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printed diffusion cell with UV imaging capabilities to characterise permeation in pharmaceutical formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:202-209. [PMID: 32442737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed at designing and developing a novel 3D printed diffusion cell capable of UV imaging using the fused filament fabrication (FFF) method. UV imaging has proven to be very versatile in the area of pharmaceutics giving insights into various phenomena including the dissolution behaviour of dosage forms, intrinsic dissolution rates and the drug precipitation processes. A 3D printed diffusion cell in the similitude of a Franz cell was successfully printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filaments equipped with quartz for the imaging area. A model ibuprofen (IBU) gel formulation was tested by introducing the dosage form through the 3D printed donor compartment. The drug concentration permeated through the skin mimic (silicone membrane) was determined from the 3D printed receptor compartment using UV imaging in real-time. The results showed successful UV imaging of the permeation of IBU gel in the novel diffusion cell potentially negating further analytical testing such as the HPLC process required for Franz cell tests thereby reducing costs. Potential interactions between the drug and filament used in the 3D printed process suggests although this concept can be moved towards commercialisation, care should be taken with choice of filament used in the 3D printing process.
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19
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Chi Z, Azhar I, Khan H, Yang L, Feng Y. Automatic Dissolution Testing with High-Temporal Resolution for Both Immediate-Release and Fixed-Combination Drug Tablets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17114. [PMID: 31745201 PMCID: PMC6863837 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolution testing plays many important roles throughout the pharmaceutical industry, from the research and development of drug products to the control and evaluation of drug quality. However, it is a challenging task to perform both high-efficient separation and high-temporal detection to achieve accurate dissolution profile of each active ingredient dissolved from a drug tablet. In our study, we report a novel non-manual-operation method for performing the automatic dissolution testing of drug tablets, by combining a program-controlled sequential analysis and high-speed capillary electrophoresis for efficient separation of active ingredients. The feasibility of the method for dissolution testing of real drug tablets as well as the performance of the proposed system has been demonstrated. The accuracy of drug dissolution testing is ensured by the excellent repeatability of the sequential analysis, as well as the similarity of the evaluation of dissolution testing. Our study show that the proposed method is capable to achieve simultaneous dissolution testing of multiple ingredients, and the matrix interferences can be avoided. Therefore it is of potential valuable applications in various fields of pharmaceutical research and drug regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongmei Chi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Irfan Azhar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Habib Khan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P.R. China.
| | - Yunxiang Feng
- Jingke-Oude Science and Education Instruments Co., Ltd., Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P.R. China
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