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Hajhashemi V, Sadeghi H, Madab FK. Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of sitagliptin in animal models and possible mechanisms involved in the antinociceptive activity. Korean J Pain 2024; 37:26-33. [PMID: 38123184 PMCID: PMC10764209 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.23262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sitagliptin is an antidiabetic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase-4 enzyme. This study aimed to investigate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of sitagliptin in formalin and carrageenan tests and determine the possible mechanism(s) of its antinociceptive activity. Methods Male Swiss mice (25-30 g) and male Wistar rats (180-220 g) were used for formalin and carrageenan tests, respectively. In the formalin test, paw licking time and in the carrageenan test, paw thickness were considered as indexes of pain behavior and inflammation respectively. Three doses of sitagliptin (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg) were used in these tests. Also, several antagonists and enzyme inhibitors were used to evaluate the role of adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, and opioid receptors as well as the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the antinociceptive effect of sitagliptin (5 mg/kg). Results Sitagliptin showed significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the formalin and carrageenan tests respectively. In the carrageenan test, all three doses of sitagliptin significantly (P < 0.001) reduced paw thickness. Pretreatment with yohimbine, prazosin, propranolol, naloxone, and cyproheptadine could not reverse the antinociceptive effect of sitagliptin (5 mg/Kg), which indicates that adrenergic, opioid, and serotonin receptors (5HT2) are not involved in the antinociceptive effects. L-NAME, methylene blue, glibenclamide, ondansetron, and sulpiride were able to reverse this effect. Conclusions NO/cGMP/KATP, 5HT3 and D2 pathways play an important role in the antinociceptive effect of sitagliptin. Additionally significant anti-inflammatory effects observed in the carrageenan test might contribute in reduction of pain response in the second phase of the formalin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Hajhashemi
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Karimi Madab
- Department of Pharmacology and Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Nakai-Shimoda H, Himeno T, Okawa T, Miura-Yura E, Sasajima S, Kato M, Yamada Y, Morishita Y, Tsunekawa S, Kato Y, Seino Y, Inoue R, Kondo M, Seino S, Naruse K, Kato K, Mizukami H, Nakamura J, Kamiya H. Kir6.2-deficient mice develop somatosensory dysfunction and axonal loss in the peripheral nerves. iScience 2022; 25:103609. [PMID: 35005553 PMCID: PMC8719014 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose-responsive ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) are expressed in a variety of tissues including nervous systems. The depolarization of the membrane potential induced by glucose may lead to hyperexcitability of neurons and induce excitotoxicity. However, the roles of KATP in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are poorly understood. Here, we determine the roles of KATP in the PNS using KATP-deficient (Kir6.2-deficient) mice. We demonstrate that neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons was reduced by channel closers sulfonylureas. However, a channel opener diazoxide elongated the neurite. KATP subunits were expressed in mouse DRG, and expression of certain subunits including Kir6.2 was increased in diabetic mice. In Kir6.2-deficient mice, the current perception threshold, thermal perception threshold, and sensory nerve conduction velocity were impaired. Electron microscopy revealed a reduction of unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers in the sural nerves. In conclusion, KATP may contribute to the development of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nakai-Shimoda
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Tatsuhito Himeno
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan.,Department of Innovative Diabetes Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Okawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Gifu Prefectural Tajimi Hospital, Tajimi 507-8522, Japan
| | - Emiri Miura-Yura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Sachiko Sasajima
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Makoto Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Shin Tsunekawa
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Kato
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rieko Inoue
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Masaki Kondo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Susumu Seino
- Division of Molecular and Metabolic Medicine, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Keiko Naruse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya 464-0821, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Medicine, Aichi Gakuin University School of Pharmacy, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mizukami
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Jiro Nakamura
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan.,Department of Innovative Diabetes Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
| | - Hideki Kamiya
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1185, Japan
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Mohammadi S, Fakhri S, Mohammadi-Farani A, Farzaei MH, Abbaszadeh F. Astaxanthin engages the l-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel signaling pathway toward antinociceptive effects. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:607-614. [PMID: 34561366 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the main functions of the sensory system in our body is to maintain somatosensory homeostasis. Recent reports have led to a significant advance in our understanding of pain signaling mechanisms; however, the exact mechanisms of pain transmission have remained unclear. There is an urgent need to reveal the precise signaling mediators of pain to provide alternative therapeutic agents with more efficacy and fewer side effects. Accordingly, although the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anti-neuropathic effects of astaxanthin (AST) have been previously highlighted, its peripheral antinociceptive mechanisms are not fully understood. In this line, considering the engagement of l-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP (cGMP)/potassium channel (KATP) signaling pathway in the antinociceptive responses, the present study evaluated its associated role in the antinociceptive activity of AST. Male mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with l-arginine (100 mg/kg), SNAP (1 mg/kg), L-NAME (30 mg/kg), sildenafil (5 mg/kg), and glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) alone and prior to the most effective dose of AST. Following AST administration, intraplantarly (i.pl) injection of formalin was done, and pain responses were evaluated in mice during the primary (acute) and secondary (inflammatory) phases of formalin test. The results highlighted that 10 mg/kg i.p. dose of AST showed the greatest antinociceptive effect. Besides, while L-NAME and glibenclamide reduced the antinociceptive effect of AST, it was significantly increased by l-arginine, SNAP and sildenafil during both the primary and secondary phases of formalin test. These data suggest that the antinociceptive activity of AST is passing through the l-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah
| | - Ahmad Mohammadi-Farani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah
| | - Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alizamani E, Ghorbanzadeh B, Naserzadeh R, Mansouri MT. Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, exerts local antinociception in animal model of pain through the L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP/K ATP channel pathway and PPARγ receptors. Int J Neurosci 2021; 131:1004-1011. [PMID: 32408781 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1769618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The leukotrienes are inflammatory mediators. In the present study, the analgesic role of local montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, and the possible involvement of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway and PPARγ receptors was assessed in the formalin test in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS The local administration of montelukast into the hind paw produced dose-related analgesia during both phases of the formalin test. Furthermore, pre-treatment with L-NAME, methylene blue, and glibenclamide prevented montelukast (10 μg/paw)-induced antinociception in both early and late phases of the test. Moreover, the local L-arginine and diazoxide before the sub-effective dose of montelukast (3 μg/paw) produced an analgesic effect. Also, local GW-9662 blocked antinociception induced by montelukast plus pioglitazone (10 μg/paw). CONCLUSION In conclusion, montelukast produced peripheral analgesia through PPARγ receptors and activation of the L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway, with potential for a new topical analgesic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Alizamani
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
- Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Reza Naserzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
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Henneh IT, Armah FA, Ameyaw EO, Biney RP, Obese E, Boakye-Gyasi E, Adakudugu EA, Ekor M. Analgesic Effect of Ziziphus abyssinica Involves Inhibition of Inflammatory Mediators and Modulation of K ATP Channels, Opioidergic and Nitrergic Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:714722. [PMID: 34354595 PMCID: PMC8329242 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.714722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity offered by natural products has timelessly positioned them as a good source for novel therapeutics for the management of diverse medical conditions, including pain. This study evaluated hydro-ethanolic root bark extract of Ziziphus abyssinica (ZAE) as well as β-amyrin and polpunonic acid isolated from the plant for analgesic property. The study also investigated the mechanism responsible for this action in the extract. The antinociceptive potential of ZAE (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg, p. o.) was assessed using the tail-immersion test (TIT), acetic acid-induced writhing test (AAT), and formalin test (FT). The extract’s effect on acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain was also assessed by administering carrageenan unilaterally into the rat gastrocnemius muscles and measuring pain at 12 h and 10 days for acute and chronic pain respectively. The involvement of pro-inflammatory mediators (prostaglandin E2, bradykinin, TNF-α, and IL-1β) was assessed. The possible pathways mediating the observed analgesic effect of ZAE were further assessed using the antagonists: naloxone, glibenclamide, NG-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), atropine, nifedipine, and yohimbine in the FT. Also the analgesic effect of two triterpenoid compounds, β-amyrin and polpunonic acid, previously isolated from the plant was assessed using the TIT. The anti-nociceptive activity of ZAE was demonstrated in the TIT by the significant (p < 0.05) increase in tail withdrawal threshold in ZAE-treated mice. ZAE also markedly reduced writhing and paw licking responses in both AAT and FT and significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated both acute and chronic musculoskeletal pain. ZAE also significantly reversed hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of PGE2, bradykinin, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Furthermore, data revealed the involvement of opioidergic, ATP-sensitive K+ channels and NO-cGMP pathways in the analgesic effect of ZAE. Both β-amyrin and polpunonic acid exhibited analgesic activity in the tail suspension test. Our study demonstrates ZAE as an important source of new therapeutic agents for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Tabiri Henneh
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Francis Ackah Armah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Robert Peter Biney
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ernest Obese
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Eric Boakye-Gyasi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Martins Ekor
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
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MOUSA YJ. Analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of ketorolac in the chicks. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i10.95003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Now-a-days, there is a need for newly, non-addicted and effective analgesics with less side effects. Therefore, the present study evaluated the analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory efficacy of ketorolac in 7–21 days old broiler chicks and its possible application in the related field. The analgesic median effective dose (ED50) of ketorolac that caused analgesia in 50% of the chicks was 9.1 mg/kg, intramuscular (IM). Ketorolac caused analgesic and antipyretic effects at multiple doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, IM) in a dose dependent manner, whereas these percentages were significantly higher when ketorolac was injected @ 10 and 20 mg/kg, IM. All times recorded (15, 30, 60 and 120 min) for evaluating the analgesic effect of ketorolac produced analgesia while the higher and better analgesic efficacy was observed at 15 min after ketorolac injection. The injection of ketorolac @ 20 mg/kg, IM exerted anti-inflammatory activity by significantly reducing the right paw thickness of the chicks as a result of formaldehyde injection in comparison to control. There was no liver damage, impaired metabolism and function may be attributed to the ketorolac treatment in the chicks which was evaluated through estimation of serum AST and ALT concentrations. The study suggests the benefit of using ketorolac as an analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory drug in the field of veterinary medicine due to its good, reliable and efficient efficacy.
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Fisher C, Johnson K, Okerman T, Jurgenson T, Nickell A, Salo E, Moore M, Doucette A, Bjork J, Klein AH. Morphine Efficacy, Tolerance, and Hypersensitivity Are Altered After Modulation of SUR1 Subtype K ATP Channel Activity in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1122. [PMID: 31695594 PMCID: PMC6817471 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are found in the nervous system and are downstream targets of opioid receptors. KATP channel activity can effect morphine efficacy and may beneficial for relieving chronic pain in the peripheral and central nervous system. Unfortunately, the KATP channels exists as a heterooctomers, and the exact subtypes responsible for the contribution to chronic pain and opioid signaling in either dorsal root ganglia (DRG) or the spinal cord are yet unknown. Chronic opioid exposure (15 mg/kg morphine, s.c., twice daily) over 5 days produces significant downregulation of Kir6.2 and SUR1 in the spinal cord and DRG of mice. In vitro studies also conclude potassium flux after KATP channel agonist stimulation is decreased in neuroblastoma cells treated with morphine for several days. Mice lacking the KATP channel SUR1 subunit have reduced opioid efficacy in mechanical paw withdrawal behavioral responses compared to wild-type and heterozygous littermates (5 and 15 mg/kg, s.c., morphine). Using either short hairpin RNA (shRNA) or SUR1 cre-lox strategies, downregulation of SUR1 subtype KATP channels in the spinal cord and DRG of mice potentiated the development of morphine tolerance and withdrawal. Opioid tolerance was attenuated with intraplantar injection of SUR1 agonists, such as diazoxide and NN-414 (100 μM, 10 μL) compared to vehicle treated animals. These studies are an important first step in determining the role of KATP channel subunits in antinociception, opioid signaling, and the development of opioid tolerance, and shed light on the potential translational ability of KATP channel targeting pharmaceuticals and their possible future clinical utilization. These data suggest that increasing neuronal KATP channel activity in the peripheral nervous system may be a viable option to alleviate opioid tolerance and withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole Fisher
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Kayla Johnson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Travis Okerman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Taylor Jurgenson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Austin Nickell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Erin Salo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Madelyn Moore
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Alexis Doucette
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - James Bjork
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN, United States
| | - Amanda H Klein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, United States
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Falade T, Ishola IO, Akinleye MO, Oladimeji-Salami JA, Adeyemi OO. Antinociceptive and anti-arthritic effects of aqueous whole plant extract of Trianthema portulacastrum in rodents: Possible mechanisms of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 238:111831. [PMID: 30930256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae) is used in traditional African Medicine for the treatment of various illnesses including dropsy, inflammation and rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-arthritic properties of the aqueous whole plant extract of Trianthema portulacastrum (AETP), possible mechanisms of action and characterize some of the active constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antinociceptive activity was evaluated using the acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate tests in mice. The carrageenan test was used to induce a transient inflammation while arthritis was induced with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) in rats. On completion of CFA-induced arthritis macroscopic observations, the rats were euthanized to isolate the spleen, liver and limbs for estimation of oxidative stress and histological analysis. RESULTS AETP (10, 50, or 250 mg/kg; p.o.) produced significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent inhibition (41.10, 50.40, and 67.10%, respectively) of writhing response elicited by acetic acid. Also, increased pain threshold of supraspinally mediated nociceptive behaviour, with peak maximum possible effect (MPE) obtained at 250 mg/kg (22.98%; 30 min post-treatment). However, the pre-treatment of mice with Nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) or naloxone reversed AETP-induced antinociception. In another experiment, AETP produced time course inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw oedema with peak effect (50.60%) at 250 mg/kg as well as significant reduction in CFA-induced arthritis by 58.56%, on day 27 and arthritic index (26.84%). Similarly, AETP attenuated CFA-induced MDA generation and deficit in antioxidant enzyme activities. Histological analysis of rat joints revealed a reduction in the synovial hyperplasia and mononuclear infiltration induced by CFA in AETP treated groups. CONCLUSION Findings from this study showed that T. portulacastrum possesses anti-nociceptive action through nitrergic and opioidergic signalling as well as anti-arthritic effect through enhancement of antioxidant defense system and inhibition of release or actions of inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Falade
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - I O Ishola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - M O Akinleye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - J A Oladimeji-Salami
- Bioresources Development Centre, National Biotechnology Development Agency, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - O O Adeyemi
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Luu W, Bjork J, Salo E, Entenmann N, Jurgenson T, Fisher C, Klein AH. Modulation of SUR1 K ATP Channel Subunit Activity in the Peripheral Nervous System Reduces Mechanical Hyperalgesia after Nerve Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2251. [PMID: 31067750 PMCID: PMC6539735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP) is involved in hypersensitivity during chronic pain and is presumed to be a downstream target of mu opioid receptors. Multiple subtypes of KATP channels exist in the peripheral and central nervous system and their activity may be inversely correlated to chronic pain phenotypes in rodents. In this study, we investigated the different KATP channel subunits that could be involved in neuropathic pain in mice. In chronic pain models utilizing spinal nerve ligation, SUR1 and Kir6.2 subunits were found to be significantly downregulated in dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord. Local or intrathecal administration of SUR1-KATP channel subtype agonists resulted in analgesia after spinal nerve ligation but not SUR2 agonists. In ex-vivo nerve recordings, administration of the SUR1 agonist diazoxide to peripheral nerve terminals decreased mechanically evoked potentials. Genetic knockdown of SUR1 through an associated adenoviral strategy resulted in mechanical hyperalgesia but not thermal hyperalgesia compared to control mice. Behavioral data from neuropathic mice indicate that local reductions in SUR1-subtype KATP channel activity can exacerbate neuropathic pain symptoms. Since neuropathic pain is of major clinical relevance, potassium channels present a target for analgesic therapies, especially since they are expressed in nociceptors and could play an essential role in regulating the excitability of neurons involved in pain-transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Luu
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - James Bjork
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Erin Salo
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Nicole Entenmann
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Taylor Jurgenson
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Cole Fisher
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
| | - Amanda H Klein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA.
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Parvardeh S, Sabetkasaei M, Moghimi M, Masoudi A, Ghafghazi S, Mahboobifard F. Role of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/K ATP channel signaling pathway in the central and peripheral antinociceptive effect of thymoquinone in rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:625-633. [PMID: 29942454 PMCID: PMC6015243 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.26255.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective(s): Growing evidence demonstrates that L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway has a modulatory role in pain perception. Previous studies have shown that thymoquinone exerts antinociceptive effects; however, the mechanisms underlying antinociception induced by thymoquinone have not been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway in the central and peripheral antinociceptive effect of thymoquinone in rats. Materials and Methods: Rats were pretreated intraplantarly (IPL) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with L-arginine (the NO precursor), l-NAME (an NO synthase inhibitor), SNAP (an NO donor), methylene blue (a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), glibenclamide (the blocker of KATP channel), and tetraethylammonium (TEA, a Kv channel blocker) before the injection of thymoquinone. Results: Local ipsilateral (20 and 40 μg, IPL) but not contralateral and ICV (4 and 8 μg) administration of thymoquinone caused a dose-dependent and significant antinociception in both early and late phases of the formalin test. Pretreatment of rats with L-arginine (100 μg, IPL or ICV) and SNAP (200 μg, IPL or ICV) increased while l-NAME (100 μg, IPL or 1 μg, ICV) and methylene blue (400 μg, IPL or ICV) decreased the antinociceptive effects of thymoquinone in the formalin test. The administration of TEA (IPL or ICV) did not modify but glibenclamide (50 μg, IPL or ICV) significantly abolished the peripheral and central antinociceptive effects of thymoquinone in both phases of the formalin test. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that L-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway participates in the central and peripheral antinociceptive effect of thymoquinone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sabetkasaei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Moghimi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Masoudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mahboobifard
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Safaripour S, Nemati Y, Parvardeh S, Ghafghazi S, Fouladzadeh A, Moghimi M. Role of l-arginine/SNAP/NO/cGMP/K ATP channel signalling pathway in antinociceptive effect of α-terpineol in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:507-515. [PMID: 29380385 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main purpose of this study was to assess the role of l-arginine/SNAP/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway in analgesic effects of α-terpineol in mice. METHODS Male NMRI mice were pretreated intraperitoneally with NO precursor (l-arginine, 100 mg/kg), NO synthase inhibitor (l-NAME, 30 mg/kg), NO donor (SNAP, 1 mg/kg), guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (methylene blue, 20 mg/kg), PDE inhibitor (sildenafil, 0.5 mg/kg), KATP channel blocker (glibenclamide, 10 mg/kg) and naloxone (2 mg/kg) 20 min before the administration of α-terpineol. The formalin test was performed 20 min after the administration of α-terpineol, and nociceptive responses of mice were recorded during 30 min. KEY FINDINGS A significant and dose-dependent antinociception was produced by α-terpineol (40 and 80 mg/kg) in both the phases of formalin test. The antinociceptive effect of α-terpineol was significantly potentiated by l-arginine in the second phase while significantly antagonized by l-NAME in both phases of formalin test. Also, SNAP and sildenafil non-significantly enhanced-while methylene blue significantly diminished-the antinociceptive effect of α-terpineol in both phases of formalin test. Glibenclamide significantly reversed the α-terpineol-induced antinociception, indicating the involvement of KATP channels in antinociceptive effect of α-terpineol. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the antinociceptive effect of α-terpineol is mediated through l-arginine/SNAP/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Safaripour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Nemati
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siavash Parvardeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Ghafghazi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Fouladzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Moghimi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghorbanzadeh B, Mansouri MT, Naghizadeh B, Alboghobeish S. Local antinociceptive action of fluoxetine in the rat formalin assay: role of l-arginine/nitric oxide/cGMP/K ATP channel pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 96:165-172. [PMID: 28787580 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the local antinociceptive actions of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, and the possible involvement of the l-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway in this effect using the formalin test in rats. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, animals were pre-treated with l-NAME, aminoguanidine, methylene blue, glibenclamide, l-arginine, sodium nitroprusside, or diazoxide. Local ipsilateral, but not contralateral, administration of fluoxetine (10-300 μg/paw) dose-dependently suppressed flinching number during both early and late phases of the test, and this was comparable with morphine also given peripherally. Pre-treatment with l-NAME, aminoguanidine, methylene blue, or glibenclamide dose-dependently prevented fluoxetine (100 μg/paw)-induced antinociception in the late phase. In contrast, administration of l-arginine, sodium nitroprusside, and diazoxide significantly enhanced the antinociception caused by fluoxetine in the late phase of the test. However, these treatments had no significant effect on the antinociceptive response of fluoxetine in the early phase of the formalin test. Our data demonstrate that local peripheral antinociception of fluoxetine during the late phase of the formalin test could be due to activation of l-arginine/NO/cGMP/KATP channel pathway. The peripheral action of fluoxetine raises the possibility that topical application of this drug (e.g., as a cream, ointment, or jelly) may be a useful method for relieving the inflammatory pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ghorbanzadeh
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Mansouri
- b Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahareh Naghizadeh
- b Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Soheila Alboghobeish
- b Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Freitas CS, Roveda AC, Truzzi DR, Garcia AC, Cunha TM, Cunha FQ, Franco DW. Anti-inflammatory and Anti-nociceptive Activity of Ruthenium Complexes with Isonicotinic and Nicotinic Acids (Niacin) as Ligands. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4439-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina S. Freitas
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Roveda
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo−USP, P.O. Box 780, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela R. Truzzi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo−USP, P.O. Box 780, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André C. Garcia
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo−USP, P.O. Box 780, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14049-900, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Douglas W. Franco
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo−USP, P.O. Box 780, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Hua B, Gao Y, Kong X, Yang L, Hou W, Bao Y. New insights of nociceptor sensitization in bone cancer pain. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 19:227-43. [PMID: 25547644 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.980815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous studies have shown that an intact CNS is required for the conscious perception of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) and that changes in the CNS are clearly evident. Accordingly, the blockage of nociceptive stimulus into the CNS can effectively relieve or markedly attenuate CIBP, revealing the clinical implication of the blockage of ongoing peripheral inputs for the control of CIBP. AREAS COVERED In this review, the heterogeneity and excitability of nociceptors in bone are covered. Furthermore, their role in initiating and maintaining CIBP is also described. EXPERT OPINION Developing mechanistic therapies to treat CIBP is a challenge, but they have the potential to fundamentally change our ability to effectively block/relieve CIBP and increase the functional status and quality of life of patients with bone metastasis. Further studies are desperately needed at both the preclinical and clinical levels to determine whether the targets as mentioned in this review are viable and feasible for patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baojin Hua
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Department of Oncology , Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing 100053 , China +86 10 88001221 ; +86 10 88001340 ;
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The peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide pathway is associated with ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 726:41-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Opening paths to novel analgesics: the role of potassium channels in chronic pain. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:146-58. [PMID: 24461875 PMCID: PMC3945816 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) channels are crucial determinants of neuronal excitability. Nerve injury or inflammation alters K+ channel activity in neurons of the pain pathway. These changes can render neurons hyperexcitable and cause chronic pain. Therapies targeting K+ channels may provide improved pain relief in these states.
Chronic pain is associated with abnormal excitability of the somatosensory system and remains poorly treated in the clinic. Potassium (K+) channels are crucial determinants of neuronal activity throughout the nervous system. Opening of these channels facilitates a hyperpolarizing K+ efflux across the plasma membrane that counteracts inward ion conductance and therefore limits neuronal excitability. Accumulating research has highlighted a prominent involvement of K+ channels in nociceptive processing, particularly in determining peripheral hyperexcitability. We review salient findings from expression, pharmacological, and genetic studies that have untangled a hitherto undervalued contribution of K+ channels in maladaptive pain signaling. These emerging data provide a framework to explain enigmatic pain syndromes and to design novel pharmacological treatments for these debilitating states.
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Ang-(1-7) activates the NO/cGMP and ATP-sensitive K+ channels pathway to induce peripheral antinociception in rats. Nitric Oxide 2013; 37:11-6. [PMID: 24361899 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2013.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) is a bioactive component of the renin-angiotensin system that is formed endogenously and induces nitric oxide release in several tissues. The L-arginine/NO/cyclic GMP pathway and ATP-sensitive K+ channels have been proposed as the mechanism of action for the peripheral antinociception of several groups of drug and endogenous substances, including opioids, non-steroidal analgesics, acetylcholine and others. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the L-arginine/NO/cGMP and KATP+ pathway on antinociception induced by angiotensin-(1-7). Paw pressure in rats was used to induce hyperalgesia via an intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 (2 μg/paw). Ang-(1-7) (2, 3 and 4 μg/paw) elicited a local peripheral antinociceptive effect that was antagonized by the nonselective NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor L-NOarg and the selective neuronal NOS (nNOS) inhibitor L-NPA. The selective inhibition of endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) NOS by L-NIO and L-NIL, respectively, was ineffective at blocking the effects of a local Ang-(1-7) injection. In addition, the level of nitrite in the homogenized paw tissue, as determined by a colorimetric assay, indicated that exogenous Ang-(1-7) is able to induce NO release. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ and the specific blocker of ATP-sensitive K+ channels glibenclamide (40, 80 and 160 μg/paw) antagonized the Ang-(1-7) response. The results provide evidence that Ang-(1-7) most likely induces peripheral antinociceptive effects via the L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway and KATP+ pathway activation.
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Montiel-Ruiz RM, González-Trujano ME, Déciga-Campos M. Synergistic interactions between the antinociceptive effect of Rhodiola rosea extract and B vitamins in the mouse formalin test. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1280-1287. [PMID: 23920277 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this study, the pharmacological interactions between a Rhodiola rosea ethanol extract and B-vitamins such as thiamine (B1), riboflavine (B2), pyridoxine (B6), cyanocobalamin (B12) and a mixture of vitamins B1+B6+B12 was investigated in the mouse formalin test. METHODS Individual dose response curves of the Rhodiola rosea ethanol extract, as well as B-vitamins alone or in a mixture were evaluated in mice in which nociception was induced with 2% formalin intraplantarly. The antinociceptive mechanisms of the Rhodiola rosea were investigated by exploring the role of the opioid and serotonin receptors and the nitric oxide pathway. Isobolographic analysis was used to evaluate the pharmacological interactions between the Rhodiola rosea ethanol extract and each B-vitamin individually or the mixture of vitamins B1+B6+B12 by using the ED30 and a fixed 1:1 ratio combination. RESULTS Administration of the Rhodiola rosea extract alone or in combination with all of the vitamins produced a significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive response. The antinociceptive effect of the Rhodiola rosea extract (ED50=81 mg/kg, p.o.) was significant and reverted in the presence of antagonists of the 5-HT1A, GABA/BDZs and opioid receptors and by blocking mediators of the nitric oxide/cGMP/K(+) channels pathway. Isobolograms demonstrate that all of the combinations investigated in this study produced a synergistic interaction experimental ED30 values were significantly smaller than those calculated theoretically. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that a Rhodiola rosea ethanol extract in combination with B-vitamins produces a significant diminution in the nociceptive response in a synergistic manner, which is controlled by various mechanisms. These findings could aid in the design of clinical studies and suggest that these combinations could be applied for pain therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mariana Montiel-Ruiz
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, DF 11340, Mexico
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Romero TRL, Duarte IDG. Involvement of ATP‐sensitive K + channels in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by ketamine. Vet Anaesth Analg 2013; 40:419-24. [DOI: 10.1111/vaa.12024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Activity of nicorandil, a nicotinamide derivative with a nitrate group, in the experimental model of pain induced by formaldehyde in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2013; 106:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Petho G, Reeh PW. Sensory and signaling mechanisms of bradykinin, eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide in peripheral nociceptors. Physiol Rev 2013; 92:1699-775. [PMID: 23073630 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral mediators can contribute to the development and maintenance of inflammatory and neuropathic pain and its concomitants (hyperalgesia and allodynia) via two mechanisms. Activation or excitation by these substances of nociceptive nerve endings or fibers implicates generation of action potentials which then travel to the central nervous system and may induce pain sensation. Sensitization of nociceptors refers to their increased responsiveness to either thermal, mechanical, or chemical stimuli that may be translated to corresponding hyperalgesias. This review aims to give an account of the excitatory and sensitizing actions of inflammatory mediators including bradykinin, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, and nitric oxide on nociceptive primary afferent neurons. Manifestations, receptor molecules, and intracellular signaling mechanisms of the effects of these mediators are discussed in detail. With regard to signaling, most data reported have been obtained from transfected nonneuronal cells and somata of cultured sensory neurons as these structures are more accessible to direct study of sensory and signal transduction. The peripheral processes of sensory neurons, where painful stimuli actually affect the nociceptors in vivo, show marked differences with respect to biophysics, ultrastructure, and equipment with receptors and ion channels compared with cellular models. Therefore, an effort was made to highlight signaling mechanisms for which supporting data from molecular, cellular, and behavioral models are consistent with findings that reflect properties of peripheral nociceptive nerve endings. Identified molecular elements of these signaling pathways may serve as validated targets for development of novel types of analgesic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Petho
- Pharmacodynamics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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De Paz-Campos MA, Chávez-Piña AE, Ortiz MI, Castañeda-Hernández G. Evidence for the Participation of ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels in the Antinociceptive Effect of Curcumin. Korean J Pain 2012; 25:221-7. [PMID: 23091682 PMCID: PMC3468798 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2012.25.4.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that curcumin, the main active compound of Curcuma longa, also known as turmeric, exhibits antinociceptive properties. The aim of this study was to examine the participation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) and, in particular, that of the L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-KATP channel pathway, in the antinociceptive effect of curcumin. Methods Pain was induced by the intraplantar injection of 1% formalin in the right hind paw of Wistar rats. Formalin-induced flinching behavior was interpreted as an expression of nociception. The antinociceptive effect of oral curcumin was explored in the presence and absence of local pretreatment with L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, ODQ, an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, and glibenclamide, a blocker of KATP channels. Results Oral curcumin produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect in the 1% formalin test. Curcumin-induced antinociception was not altered by local L-NAME or ODQ, but was significantly impaired by glibenclamide. Conclusions Our results confirm that curcumin is an effective antinociceptive agent. Curcumin-induced antinociception appears to involve the participation of KATP channels at the peripheral level, as local injection of glibenclamide prevented its effect. Activation of KATP channels, however, does not occur by activation of the L-arginine-nitric oxide-cGMP-KATP channel pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio De Paz-Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico, DF, Mexico
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Romero TRL, Duarte IDG. N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine (PEA) induces peripheral antinociceptive effect by ATP-sensitive K+-channel activation. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:156-60. [PMID: 22343363 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11150fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the antinociceptive effects of N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine (PEA) were first characterized nearly 50 years ago, the identity of the mechanism that mediates these actions has not been elucidated. The present study investigated the contribution of K(+) channels on peripheral antinociception induced by the CB(2) agonist PEA. Nociceptive thresholds to mechanical paw stimulation of Wistar rats treated with intraplantar prostaglandin E(2) to induce hyperalgesia were measured, and other agents were also given by local injection. PEA (5, 10, and 20 µg/paw) elicited a local peripheral antinociceptive effect. This effect was antagonized by glibenclamide, a selective blocker of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (20, 40, and 80 µg/paw). In addition, neither the voltage-dependent K(+) channel-specific blocker tetraethylammonium (30 µg/paw) nor the small and large conductance blockers of Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels, dequalinium (50 µg/paw) and paxilline (20 µg/paw), respectively, were able to block the local antinociceptive effect of PEA. These results indicate that the activation of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels could be the mechanism that induces peripheral antinociception by PEA and that voltage-dependent K(+) channels and small and large conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels do not appear to be involved in this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Roberto Lima Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Romero TRL, Guzzo LS, Perez AC, Klein A, Duarte IDG. Noradrenaline activates the NO/cGMP/ATP-sensitive K(+) channels pathway to induce peripheral antinociception in rats. Nitric Oxide 2012; 26:157-61. [PMID: 22330728 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 12/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the classical peripheral pronociceptive effect of noradrenaline (NA), recently studies showed the involvement of NA in antinociceptive effect under immune system interaction. In addition, the participation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the peripheral antinociception has been established by our group as the molecular mechanism of another adrenoceptor agonist xylazine. Thus the aim of this study was to obtain pharmacological evidences for the involvement of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by exogenous noradrenaline. The rat paw pressure test was used, with hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E(2) (2μg/paw). All drugs were locally administered into the right hind paw of male Wistar rats. NA (5, 20 and 80ng/paw) elicited a local inhibition of hyperalgesia. The non-selective NO synthase inhibitor l-NOarg (12, 18 and 24μg/paw) antagonized the antinociception effect induced by the highest dose of NA. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (25, 50 and 100μg/paw) antagonized the NA-induced effect; and cGMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast (50μg/paw) potentiated the antinociceptive effect of NA low dose (5ng/paw). In addition, the local effect of NA was antagonized by a selective blocker of an ATP-sensitive K(+) channel, glibenclamide (20, 40 and 80μg/paw). On the other hand, the specifically voltage-dependent K(+) channel blocker, tetraethylammonium (30μg/paw), Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel blockers of small and large conductance types dequalinium (50μg/paw) and paxilline (20μg/paw), respectively, were not able to block local antinociceptive effect of NA. The results provide evidences that NA probably induces peripheral antinociceptive effects by activation of the NO/cGMP/KATP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R L Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Cury Y, Picolo G, Gutierrez VP, Ferreira SH. Pain and analgesia: The dual effect of nitric oxide in the nociceptive system. Nitric Oxide 2011; 25:243-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Romero TRL, Galdino GS, Silva GC, Resende LC, Perez AC, Côrtes SF, Duarte IDG. Ketamine activates the L-arginine/Nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway to induce peripheral antinociception in rats. Anesth Analg 2011; 113:1254-9. [PMID: 21788321 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0b013e3182285dda] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of the L-arginine/nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway in antinociception has been implicated as a molecular mechanism of antinociception produced by several antinociceptive agents, including μ-, κ-, or δ-opioid receptor agonists, nonsteroidal analgesics, cholinergic agonist, and α2C adrenoceptor agonist. In this study, we investigated whether ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, was also capable of activating the L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway and eliciting peripheral antinociception. METHODS The rat paw pressure test was used, with hyperalgesia induced by intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2. All drugs were locally administered into the right hindpaw of male Wistar rats. RESULTS Ketamine (10, 20, 40, 80 μg/paw) elicited a local antinociceptive effect that was antagonized by the nonselective NOS inhibitor L-NOARG (12, 18, and 24 μg/paw) and by the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor L-NPA (12, 18, and 24 μg/paw). In another experiment, we used the inhibitors L-NIO and L-NIL (24 μg/paw) to selectively inhibit endothelial and inducible NOS, respectively. These 2 drugs were ineffective at blocking the effects of the peripheral ketamine injection. In addition, the level of nitrite in the homogenized paw indicated that exogenous ketamine is able to induce NO release. The soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (25, 50, and 100 μg/paw) blocked the action of ketamine, and the cGMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast (50 μg/paw) enhanced the antinociceptive effects of low-dose ketamine (10 μg/paw). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ketamine stimulates the L-arginine/NO/cyclic GMP pathway via neuronal NO synthase to induce peripheral antinociceptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R L Romero
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, ICB-UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31.270-100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Du X, Wang C, Zhang H. Activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels antagonize nociceptive behavior and hyperexcitability of DRG neurons from rats. Mol Pain 2011; 7:35. [PMID: 21569593 PMCID: PMC3113320 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nociceptive responses to noxious stimuli are initiated at peripheral nociceptor terminals. Ion channels play a vital role in pain signal initiation and conduction. Activation of KATP channels has been implicated in mediating the analgesic effects of agents such as morphine. However, systematic studies regarding the effects of KATP activators on nociception and neuronal excitability are scarce. Results In this study, we describe the antagonistic effects of KATP activators pinacidil and diazoxide on nocifensive behavior induced by bradykinin (BK), thermo and mechanical stimuli, and the bradykinin-induced hyperexcitability of DRG neurons. We also found that KATP activators can moderately activate KATP in DRG neurons. Because the effects of KATP activators can be reversed by the KATP blocker glyburide, direct activation of KATP is most likely the underlying mechanism. Conclusion This systematic study clearly demonstrates that activation of KATP could have significant modulatory effects on the excitability of sensory neurons and thus on sensory behaviors, such as nociception. KATP activators can be evaluated clinically for the treatment of pain symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Du
- The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
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Abstract
The incidence of chronic pain is estimated to be 20-25% worldwide. Few patients with chronic pain obtain complete relief from the drugs that are currently available, and more than half report inadequate relief. Underlying the challenge of developing better drugs to manage chronic pain is incomplete understanding of the heterogeneity of mechanisms that contribute to the transition from acute tissue insult to chronic pain and to pain conditions for which the underlying pathology is not apparent. An intact central nervous system (CNS) is required for the conscious perception of pain, and changes in the CNS are clearly evident in chronic pain states. However, the blockage of nociceptive input into the CNS can effectively relieve or markedly attenuate discomfort and pain, revealing the importance of ongoing peripheral input to the maintenance of chronic pain. Accordingly, we focus here on nociceptors: their excitability, their heterogeneity and their role in initiating and maintaining pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Gold
- Center for Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Raffa RB, Pergolizzi JV. Deciphering the mechanism(s) of action of natural products: analgesic peroxide oil as example. J Clin Pharm Ther 2010; 36:283-98. [PMID: 21545611 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2010.01190.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are multiple reports of natural products having therapeutic effect. In an era of evidence-based medicine, clinical trials inform clinical decisions regarding use of the product, but prevailing preference is to identify and use a single 'active ingredient'. Yet, the clinical benefit of a natural product might derive from the fortuitous combination of its multiple components. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanism(s) of action of natural products is important, but presents significant challenges. This article examines this issue using peroxide oil (essential oxygen oil) as an illustrative example. OBJECTIVE To review the published literature of a natural product in an effort to elucidate postulated mechanism(s) of action of a complex mixture. METHODS The clinical and preclinical literature was reviewed from the perspective of its contribution to elucidating a mechanism of analgesic action of a natural product. RESULTS Peroxide oil contains ingredients that are associated with analgesic mechanisms, such inhibition of lipid peroxidation and arachidonic acid metabolism and non-opioid, glibenclamide-sensitive receptor-mediated and K(ATP) -NO-cGMP channel pathways. CONCLUSION Although its exact mechanism remains unknown, peroxide oil provides an example of how a natural product can be evaluated for plausible mechanistic explanation of its purported therapeutic efficacy. Such an approach seems valuable, since, as in this case, the constituents appear to contribute in an additive or synergistic manner, something not possible with a single substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Raffa
- Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor agonist xylazine induces peripheral antinociceptive effect by activation of the L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway in rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 613:64-7. [PMID: 19389395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The L-arginine/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway has been proposed as the mechanism of action for peripheral antinociception concerning several groups of drugs, including opioids and nonsteroidal analgesics. The aim of the present study was to investigate the involvement of the L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway on antinociception induced by xylazine, an alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonist extensively used in veterinary medicine and animal experimentation. The rat paw pressure test was used by inducing hyperalgesia via intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E(2) (2 microg). Xylazine was administered locally into the right hind paw (25, 50 and 100 microg) and either NO synthase inhibitor L-NOarg (12, 18 and 24 microg/paw), soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ (25, 50 and 100 microg/paw) or cGMP-phosphodiesterase inhibitor zaprinast (50 microg/paw) were previously administered to the right hind paw of Wistar rats. Xylazine administration elicited a local antinociceptive effect, since only much higher doses produce a systemic effect in the contralateral paw. The peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by xylazine (100 microg/paw) was antagonized by L-NOarg and by ODQ; however, zaprinast potentiated the antinociceptive effect of xylazine at 25 microg/paw. The results provide evidence that xylazine probably induces peripheral antinociceptive effect by L-arginine/NO/cGMP pathway activation.
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Kawano T, Zoga V, Kimura M, Liang MY, Wu HE, Gemes G, McCallum JB, Kwok WM, Hogan QH, Sarantopoulos CD. Nitric oxide activates ATP-sensitive potassium channels in mammalian sensory neurons: action by direct S-nitrosylation. Mol Pain 2009; 5:12. [PMID: 19284878 PMCID: PMC2673211 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels in neurons regulate excitability, neurotransmitter release and mediate protection from cell-death. Furthermore, activation of KATP channels is suppressed in DRG neurons after painful-like nerve injury. NO-dependent mechanisms modulate both KATP channels and participate in the pathophysiology and pharmacology of neuropathic pain. Therefore, we investigated NO modulation of KATP channels in control and axotomized DRG neurons. Results Cell-attached and cell-free recordings of KATP currents in large DRG neurons from control rats (sham surgery, SS) revealed activation of KATP channels by NO exogenously released by the NO donor SNAP, through decreased sensitivity to [ATP]i. This NO-induced KATP channel activation was not altered in ganglia from animals that demonstrated sustained hyperalgesia-type response to nociceptive stimulation following spinal nerve ligation. However, baseline opening of KATP channels and their activation induced by metabolic inhibition was suppressed by axotomy. Failure to block the NO-mediated amplification of KATP currents with specific inhibitors of sGC and PKG indicated that the classical sGC/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway was not involved in the activation by SNAP. NO-induced activation of KATP channels remained intact in cell-free patches, was reversed by DTT, a thiol-reducing agent, and prevented by NEM, a thiol-alkylating agent. Other findings indicated that the mechanisms by which NO activates KATP channels involve direct S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in the SUR1 subunit. Specifically, current through recombinant wild-type SUR1/Kir6.2 channels expressed in COS7 cells was activated by NO, but channels formed only from truncated isoform Kir6.2 subunits without SUR1 subunits were insensitive to NO. Further, mutagenesis of SUR1 indicated that NO-induced KATP channel activation involves interaction of NO with residues in the NBD1 of the SUR1 subunit. Conclusion NO activates KATP channels in large DRG neurons via direct S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in the SUR1 subunit. The capacity of NO to activate KATP channels via this mechanism remains intact even after spinal nerve ligation, thus providing opportunities for selective pharmacological enhancement of KATP current even after decrease of this current by painful-like nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kawano
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying synergistic, potentiative and antagonistic effects of drug combinations could facilitate the discovery of novel efficacious combinations and multi-targeted agents. In this article, we describe an extensive investigation of the published literature on drug combinations for which the combination effect has been evaluated by rigorous analysis methods and for which relevant molecular interaction profiles of the drugs involved are available. Analysis of the 117 drug combinations identified reveals general and specific modes of action, and highlights the potential value of molecular interaction profiles in the discovery of novel multicomponent therapies.
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Romero TRL, Duarte IDG. Involvement of ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Peripheral Antinociceptive Effect Induced by the α2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Xylazine. J Pharmacol Sci 2009; 111:323-7. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09103fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Childers WE, Gilbert AM, Kennedy JD, Whiteside GT. Advances in the development of novel analgesics. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.18.9.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Menéndez L, Juárez L, García V, Hidalgo A, Baamonde A. Involvement of nitric oxide in the inhibition of bone cancer-induced hyperalgesia through the activation of peripheral opioid receptors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2007; 53:71-80. [PMID: 17543351 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were designed to elucidate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the antihyperalgesic effect induced by the activation of peripheral mu-opioid receptors on osteosarcoma-induced thermal hyperalgesia in mice. Since this pathway has previously been shown to be involved in the antihyperalgesic effect induced by some drugs--including opiates--on inflammatory pain, experiments were also performed in inflamed mice. The intraplantar administration of loperamide (15 microg) abolishes the thermal hyperalgesia that appears 4 weeks after the intratibial inoculation of NCTC 2472 cells in C3H/HeJ mice. The blockade of this effect by coadministering a peripheral opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone methiodide), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NMMA), a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ), a PKG inhibitor (KT-5823) or a K(+)(ATP)-channel blocker (glibenclamide) shows the involvement of a NO/cGMP/K(+)(ATP)-channel pathway. Accordingly the administration of loperamide produced, in osteosarcoma-bearing mice, an increase in the concentrations of NO metabolites, nitrites and nitrates, extracted from paws. The selective inhibitor of eNOS L-NIO, but not the inhibitors of nNOS (N-omega-propyl-L-arginine) or iNOS (1400w), blocked the effect of loperamide on osteosarcoma-induced hyperalgesia and also the endogenous opioid peripheral hypoalgesia that appears during the initial stages of the development of this osteosarcoma. Although this pathway also participates in the inhibitory effect of loperamide on the thermal hyperalgesia induced by administration of complete Freund's adjuvant, only selective inhibitors of nNOS or iNOS antagonized this effect. Our results demonstrate that the activation of a NO/cGMP/K(+)(ATP)-channel triggered by eNOS participates in the peripheral antihyperalgesic of loperamide on osteosarcoma-induced thermal hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Menéndez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
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36
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Ortiz MI, Medina-Tato DA, Sarmiento-Heredia D, Palma-Martínez J, Granados-Soto V. Possible activation of the NO-cyclic GMP-protein kinase G-K+ channels pathway by gabapentin on the formalin test. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006; 83:420-7. [PMID: 16630650 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2006.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2005] [Revised: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 03/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of modulators of the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-protein kinase G-K+ channels pathway on the local peripheral antinociceptive action induced by gabapentin was assessed in the rat 1% formalin test. Local peripheral administration of gabapentin produced a dose-dependent antinociception in the second phase of the test. Gabapentin-induced antinociception was due to a local action as its administration in the contralateral paw was ineffective. Local peripheral pretreatment of the paws with NG-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor), 1H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazolo(4,2-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) and KT-5823 (a protein kinase G inhibitor) dose-dependently reduced gabapentin-induced antinociception. Likewise, glibenclamide or tolbutamide (ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibitors), 4-aminopyridine or tetraethylammonium (non-selective inward rectifier K+ channel inhibitors) or charybdotoxin (large-conductance Ca2+-activated-K+ channel blocker), but not apamin (small-conductance Ca2+-activated-K+ channel blocker) or naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist), reduced the antinociception induced by gabapentin. Our data suggest that gabapentin could activate the nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-protein kinase G-K+ channels pathway in order to produce its peripheral antinociceptive effect in the rat 1% formalin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I Ortiz
- Area Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico.
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Ortiz MI, Castro-Olguín J, Peña-Samaniego N, Castañeda-Hernández G. Probable activation of the opioid receptor-nitric oxide-cyclic GMP-K+ channels pathway by codeine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2006; 82:695-703. [PMID: 16386786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2005.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2005] [Revised: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that local peripheral administration of morphine produces antinociception through the activation of the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-K(+) channels pathway. Therefore we evaluated the possible participation of this pathway in the antinociceptive action produced by codeine in the rat 5% formalin test. Local peripheral injection of codeine produced a dose-dependent antinociception during the first and second phases of the test. Local pretreatment of the paws with the NO synthase inhibitor N(G)-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), the soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor methylene blue, the ATP-sensitive K(+) channel inhibitors glibenclamide and tolbutamide, the non-selective voltage-gated K(+) channel inhibitors 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) and the opioid receptor blocker naloxone prevented codeine-induced antinociception in both phases of the test. L-NAME, methylene blue, K(+) channel blockers and naloxone by themselves did not modify formalin-induced nociceptive behavior. Our data suggest that codeine could activate the opioid receptor-NO-cyclic GMP-K(+) channels pathway in order to produce its peripheral antinociceptive effect in the formalin test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario I Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Area Académica de Medicina del Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo ExHacienda la Concepción Carr, Mexico.
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Abstract
This paper is the 27th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over 30 years of research. It summarizes papers published during 2004 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.
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Pacheco DF, Duarte IDG. Delta-opioid receptor agonist SNC80 induces peripheral antinociception via activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 512:23-8. [PMID: 15814086 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 02/07/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of several K+ channel blockers on the antinociception induced by delta-opioid receptor agonist SNC80 using the paw pressure test, in which pain sensitivity is increased by an intraplantar injection (2 microg) of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Administration of SNC80 (20, 40 and 80 microg/paw) caused a decrease in the hyperalgesia induced by PGE2, in a dose-dependent manner. The possibility of higher dose of SNC80 (80 microg) causing a central or systemic effect was excluded since administration of the drug into the contralateral paw did not elicit antinociception in the right paw. Specific blockers of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, glibenclamide (20, 40 and 80 microg/paw) and tolbutamide (40, 80 and 160 microg/paw), antagonized the peripheral antinociception induced by SNC80 (80 microg). On the other hand, charybdotoxin (2 microg/paw), a large-conductance blocker of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, and dequalinium (50 microg/paw), a small conductance selective blocker of Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels, did not modify the effect of SNC80. This effect also remained unaffected by intraplantar administration of the voltage-dependent K+ channel blockers tetraethylammonium (30 microg/paw) and 4-aminopyridine (10 microg/paw), and of a non-specific K+ channel blocker, cesium (500 microg/paw). This study provides evidence that the peripheral antinociceptive effect of SNC80 result from the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and the other K+ channels are not involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Pacheco
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, ICB-UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627-Campus da Pampulha, CEP 31.270.100, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ocaña M, Cendán CM, Cobos EJ, Entrena JM, Baeyens JM. Potassium channels and pain: present realities and future opportunities. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 500:203-19. [PMID: 15464034 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Four families of potassium channels with different structures, functional characteristics and pharmacological sensitivity, are distinguished in neurons: voltage-gated (K(v)), calcium-activated (K(Ca)), inward rectifier (K(ir)) and two-pore (K(2P)) K(+) channels. During the last 15 years, numerous studies have demonstrated that the opening of some of these K(+) channels plays an important role in the antinociception induced by agonists of many G-protein-coupled receptors (alpha(2)-adrenoceptors, opioid, GABA(B), muscarinic M(2), adenosine A(1), serotonin 5-HT(1A) and cannabinoid receptors), as well as by other antinociceptive drugs (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], tricyclic antidepressants, etc.) and natural products. Several specific types of K(+) channels are involved in antinociception. The most widely studied are the ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (K(ATP)), members of the K(ir) family, which participate in the antinociception induced by many drugs that activate them in both the central and the peripheral nervous system. The opening of G-protein-regulated inwardly rectifying K(+) channels (GIRK or K(ir)3), K(v)1.1 and two types of K(Ca) channels, the small- and large-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channels (SK and BK channels, respectively), also play a role in the antinociceptive effect of different drugs and natural products. Recently, drugs that open K(+) channels by direct activation (such as openers of neuronal K(v)7 and K(ATP) channels) have been shown to produce antinociception in models of acute and chronic pain, which suggests that other neuronal K(+) channels (e.g. K(v)1.4 channels) may represent an interesting target for the development of new K(+) channel openers with antinociceptive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ocaña
- Department of Pharmacology and Neurosciences Institute, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de Madrid 12, E-18012 Granada, Spain
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