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Khodayari S, Ghaderi Pakdel F, Shahabi P, Naderi S. Acute Tramadol-Induced Cellular Tolerance and Dependence of Ventral Tegmental Area Dopaminergic Neurons: An In Vivo Electrophysiological Study. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:209-224. [PMID: 31462976 PMCID: PMC6712631 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.10.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) is a core region of the brainstem that contributes to different vital bio-responses such as pain and addiction. The Dopaminergic (DA) cellular content of VTA has major roles in different functions. This study aims to evaluate the cellular effect of tramadol on the putative VTA-DA neurons. Methods Wistar rats were assigned into three groups of control, sham, and tramadol-treated. The animals were anesthetized and their VTA-DA neuronal activity was obtained under controlled stereotaxic operation. The firing rate of the neurons was extracted according to principal component analysis by Igor Pro software and analyzed statistically considering P<0.05 as significant. Tramadol (20 mg/kg) was infused intraperitoneally. Results Overall, 121 putative VTA-DA neurons were isolated from all groups. In tramadol-treated rats, the inhibition of the neuronal firing was proposed as tolerance and the excitation period as dependence or withdrawal. The Mean±SD inhibition time lasted up to 50.34±10.17 minutes and 31% of neurons stopped firing and silenced after 24±3 min on average but the remaining neurons lowered their firing up to 43% to 67% of their baseline firing. All neurons showed the excitation period, lasted about 56.12±15.30 min, and the firing of neurons increased from 176% to 244% of their baseline or pre-injection period. Conclusion The tolerance and dependence effects of tramadol are related to the changes in the neuronal firing rate at the putative VTA-DA neurons. The acute injection of tramadol can initiate neuroadaptation on the opioid and non-opioid neurotransmission to mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Khodayari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Firouz Ghaderi Pakdel
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Parviz Shahabi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Naderi
- Danesh Pey Hadi Co., Health Technology Incubator Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Camacho MB, Anastasio TJ. Computational Model of Antidepressant Response Heterogeneity as Multi-pathway Neuroadaptation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:925. [PMID: 29375372 PMCID: PMC5770730 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current hypotheses cannot fully explain the clinically observed heterogeneity in antidepressant response. The therapeutic latency of antidepressants suggests that therapeutic outcomes are achieved not by the acute effects of the drugs, but rather by the homeostatic changes that occur as the brain adapts to their chronic administration. We present a computational model that represents the known interactions between the monoaminergic neurotransmitter-producing brain regions and associated non-monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, and use the model to explore the possible ways in which the brain can homeostatically adjust to chronic antidepressant administration. The model also represents the neuron-specific neurotransmitter receptors that are known to adjust their strengths (expressions or sensitivities) in response to chronic antidepressant administration, and neuroadaptation in the model occurs through sequential adjustments in these receptor strengths. The main result is that the model can reach similar levels of adaptation to chronic administration of the same antidepressant drug or combination along many different pathways, arriving correspondingly at many different receptor strength configurations, but not all of those adapted configurations are also associated with therapeutic elevations in monoamine levels. When expressed as the percentage of adapted configurations that are also associated with elevations in one or more of the monoamines, our modeling results largely agree with the percentage efficacy rates of antidepressants and antidepressant combinations observed in clinical trials. Our neuroadaptation model provides an explanation for the clinical reports of heterogeneous outcomes among patients chronically administered the same antidepressant drug regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam B Camacho
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Neuroscience Program, Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Thomas J Anastasio
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Abstract
This article reviews the off-label prescription of quetiapine in the treatment of a broad range of psychiatric disorders including obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, personality disorder, substance abuse, bipolar disorder (now US FDA approved), anxiety and depression. The article highlights the primary reliance on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of these disorders (cf bipolar disorder) and the high percentage of patients (30-60%) that do not respond to SSRIs. The studies suggest that low-dose quetiapine shows good tolerability and efficacy in patients diagnosed with these disorders, particularly in the case of treatment-resistant patients that do not respond to primary treatments including SSRIs and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Quetiapine generally appears to be very effective in trauma-related conditions by improving autonomic stability, and decreasing the stress and anxiety response that arises due to specific fears or triggers. Quetiapine also appears to be particularly useful for normalizing obsessions and compulsions, and improving low mood, irritability and aggressiveness. A greater understanding of the pharmacology of drug alternatives and the neurobiology of psychiatric disorders is required to permit a more personalized medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Rowe
- Westmead Hospital & University of Sydney, The Brain Dynamics Centre & Department of Psychological Medicine, NSW, Australia.
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Ohoyama K, Yamamura S, Hamaguchi T, Nakagawa M, Motomura E, Shiroyama T, Tanii H, Okada M. Effect of novel atypical antipsychotic, blonanserin, on extracellular neurotransmitter level in rat prefrontal cortex. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 653:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Iñiguez SD, Vialou V, Warren BL, Cao JL, Alcantara LF, Davis LC, Manojlovic Z, Neve RL, Russo SJ, Han MH, Nestler EJ, Bolaños-Guzmán CA. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 within the ventral tegmental area regulates responses to stress. J Neurosci 2010; 30:7652-63. [PMID: 20519540 PMCID: PMC2895424 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0951-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways have been implicated in the neurobiological adaptations in response to stress and the regulation of mood-related behaviors. A candidate signaling molecule implicated in mediating these cellular responses is the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), although its functional role in mood regulation remains to be fully elucidated. Here we show that acute (1 d) or chronic (4 weeks) exposure to unpredictable stress increases phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and of two downstream targets (ribosomal S6 kinase and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1) within the ventral tegmental area (VTA), an important substrate for motivated behavior and mood regulation. Using herpes simplex virus-mediated gene transfer to assess the functional significance of this ERK induction, we show that overexpressing ERK2 within the VTA increases susceptibility to stress as measured in the forced swim test, responses to unconditioned nociceptive stimuli, and elevated plus maze in Sprague Dawley male rats, and in the tail suspension test and chronic social defeat stress procedure in C57BL/6 male mice. In contrast, blocking ERK2 activity in the VTA produces stress-resistant behavioral responses in these same assays and also blocks a chronic stress-induced reduction in sucrose preference. The effects induced by ERK2 blockade were accompanied by decreases in the firing frequency of VTA dopamine neurons, an important electrophysiological hallmark of resilient-like behavior. Together, these results strongly implicate a role for ERK2 signaling in the VTA as a key modulator of responsiveness to stress and mood-related behaviors.
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MESH Headings
- Action Potentials/physiology
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Animals, Genetically Modified
- Behavior, Animal/physiology
- Dominance-Subordination
- Electroshock/adverse effects
- Escape Reaction/physiology
- Food Preferences/physiology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/physiology
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Hindlimb Suspension/methods
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Maze Learning/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Motor Activity
- Neurons/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
- Pain/enzymology
- Pain/etiology
- Pain/pathology
- Phosphorylation/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Simplexvirus/physiology
- Stress, Psychological/enzymology
- Stress, Psychological/etiology
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Sucrose/administration & dosage
- Sweetening Agents/administration & dosage
- Swimming/psychology
- Time Factors
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
- Ventral Tegmental Area/enzymology
- Ventral Tegmental Area/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301
| | | | - Brandon L. Warren
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, and
| | - Lyonna F. Alcantara
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301
| | - Lindsey C. Davis
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301
| | - Zarko Manojlovic
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301
| | - Rachael L. Neve
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307
| | | | - Ming-Hu Han
- Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029-6574, and
| | | | - Carlos A. Bolaños-Guzmán
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301
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Yamamura S, Ohoyama K, Hamaguchi T, Kashimoto K, Nakagawa M, Kanehara S, Suzuki D, Matsumoto T, Motomura E, Shiroyama T, Okada M. Effects of quetiapine on monoamine, GABA, and glutamate release in rat prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 206:243-58. [PMID: 19575183 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The atypical antipsychotic drug, quetiapine (QTP), is effective in schizophrenia and mood disorders, but induces seizures compared to typical antipsychotics. METHODS To explore the mechanisms of action of QTP, we determined its effects on extracellular levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamate in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) using microdialysis, and neuronal firing in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), locus coeruleus (LC), dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus (MTN) by telemetry in freely moving rats. RESULTS QTP (10 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) activated neuronal firing in the VTA, LC, and MTN without affecting that in the DRN. QTP increased extracellular levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and glutamate without affecting serotonin or GABA levels in the mPFC. The stimulatory effects of QTP on norepinephrine and dopamine were mediated by positive alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/glutamatergic and negative GABA-mediated NMDA/glutamatergic regulation. DISCUSSION The dopaminergic terminal projecting from the VTA received inhibitory GABA-mediated NMDA/glutamatergic regulation, but not stimulatory AMPA/glutamatergic regulation. However, both dopaminergic and noradrenergic terminals from the LC received stimulatory AMPA/glutamatergic regulation from the MTN, but not inhibitory GABA-mediated NMDA/glutamatergic regulation. These findings correlating neuronal activities in nuclei with neurotransmitter release suggested that the effects of QTP on neurotransmission in the mPFC depend on activated neuronal projections located outside the mPFC. Furthermore, positive interaction between LC and MTN afferents are potentially important in the pharmacological mechanisms of neurotransmitter regulation by QTP and hint at mechanisms underlying the atypical profile of this drug for treatment of schizophrenia and as a mood stabilizer and proconvulsive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yamamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
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Krishnan V, Han MH, Mazei-Robison M, Iñiguez SD, Ables JL, Vialou V, Berton O, Ghose S, Covington HE, Wiley MD, Henderson RP, Neve RL, Eisch AJ, Tamminga CA, Russo SJ, Bolaños CA, Nestler EJ. AKT signaling within the ventral tegmental area regulates cellular and behavioral responses to stressful stimuli. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64:691-700. [PMID: 18639865 PMCID: PMC2742561 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurobiological mechanisms by which only a minority of stress-exposed individuals develop psychiatric diseases remain largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) play a key role in the manifestation of stress vulnerability. METHODS Using a social defeat paradigm, we segregated susceptible mice (socially avoidant) from unsusceptible mice (socially interactive) and examined VTA punches for changes in neurotrophic signaling. Employing a series of viral vectors, we sought to causally implicate these neurotrophic changes in the development of avoidance behavior. RESULTS Susceptibility to social defeat was associated with a significant reduction in levels of active/phosphorylated AKT (thymoma viral proto-oncogene) within the VTA, whereas chronic antidepressant treatment (in mice and humans) increased active AKT levels. This defeat-induced reduction in AKT activation in susceptible mice was both necessary and sufficient to recapitulate depressive behaviors associated with susceptibility. Pharmacologic reductions in AKT activity also significantly raised the firing frequency of VTA dopamine neurons, an important electrophysiologic hallmark of the susceptible phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These studies highlight a crucial role for decreases in VTA AKT signaling as a key mediator of the maladaptive cellular and behavioral response to chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnav Krishnan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ming-Hu Han
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Michelle Mazei-Robison
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Jessica L. Ables
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vincent Vialou
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Olivier Berton
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Subroto Ghose
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Herbert E. Covington
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthew D. Wiley
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Ross P. Henderson
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Rachael L. Neve
- Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts
| | - Amelia J. Eisch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carol A. Tamminga
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Scott J. Russo
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Carlos A. Bolaños
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee
| | - Eric J. Nestler
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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