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King AJ, Chang L, Li Q, Liu L, Zhu Y, Pasricha PJ, Wang J, Siegel M, Caldwell JS, Edelstein S, Rosenbaum DP, Kozuka K. NHE3 inhibitor tenapanor maintains intestinal barrier function, decreases visceral hypersensitivity, and attenuates TRPV1 signaling in colonic sensory neurons. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G543-G554. [PMID: 38252683 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00233.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is multifactorial, characterized in part by increased intestinal permeability, and visceral hypersensitivity. Increased permeability is associated with IBS severity and abdominal pain. Tenapanor is FDA-approved for the treatment of IBS with constipation (IBS-C) and has demonstrated improvements in bowel motility and a reduction in IBS-related pain; however, the mechanism by which tenapanor mediates these functions remains unclear. Here, the effects of tenapanor on colonic pain signaling and intestinal permeability were assessed through behavioral, electrophysiological, and cell culture experiments. Intestinal motility studies in rats and humans demonstrated that tenapanor increased luminal sodium and water retention and gastrointestinal transit versus placebo. A significantly reduced visceral motor reflex (VMR) to colonic distension was observed with tenapanor treatment versus vehicle in two rat models of visceral hypersensitivity (neonatal acetic acid sensitization and partial restraint stress; both P < 0.05), returning VMR responses to that of nonsensitized controls. Whole cell voltage patch-clamp recordings of retrogradely labeled colonic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons from sensitized rats found that tenapanor significantly reduced DRG neuron hyperexcitability to capsaicin versus vehicle (P < 0.05), an effect not mediated by epithelial cell secretions. Tenapanor also attenuated increases in intestinal permeability in human colon monolayer cultures caused by incubation with proinflammatory cytokines (P < 0.001) or fecal supernatants from patients with IBS-C (P < 0.005). These results support a model in which tenapanor reduces IBS-related pain by strengthening the intestinal barrier, thereby decreasing permeability to macromolecules and antigens and reducing DRG-mediated pain signaling.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A series of nonclinical experiments support the theory that tenapanor inhibits IBS-C-related pain by strengthening the intestinal barrier. Tenapanor treatment reduced visceral motor responses to nonsensitized levels in two rat models of hypersensitivity and reduced responses to capsaicin in sensitized colonic nociceptive dorsal root ganglia neurons. Intestinal permeability experiments in human colon monolayer cultures found that tenapanor attenuates increases in permeability induced by either inflammatory cytokines or fecal supernatants from patients with IBS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J King
- Ardelyx, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lin Chang
- Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Qian Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Liansheng Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yaohui Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Pankaj J Pasricha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ji Wang
- Ardelyx, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenji Kozuka
- Ardelyx, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts, United States
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Zhu K, Wang L, Liao T, Li W, Zhou J, You Y, Shi J. Progress in the development of TRPV1 small-molecule antagonists: Novel Strategies for pain management. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115806. [PMID: 37713804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels are widely distributed in sensory nerve endings, the central nervous system, and other tissues, functioning as ion channel proteins responsive to thermal pain and chemical stimuli. In recent years, the TRPV1 receptor has garnered significant interest as a potential therapeutic approach for various pain-related disorders, particularly TRPV1 antagonists. The present review offers a comprehensive, systematic exploration of both first- and second-generation TRPV1 antagonists in the context of pain management. Antagonists are categorized and explicated according to their structural characteristics. Detailed examination of binding modes, structural features, and pharmacological activities, alongside a critical appraisal of the advantages and limitations inherent to typical compounds within each structural category, are undertaken. Detailed discussions of the binding modes, structural features, pharmacological activities, advantages, and limitations of typical compounds within each structural category offer valuable insights and guidance for the future research and development of safer, more effective, and more targeted TRPV1 antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - TingTing Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yaodong You
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Andres-Mach M, Zagaja M, Szala-Rycaj J, Szewczyk A, Abram M, Jakubiec M, Ciepiela K, Socała K, Wlaź P, Latacz G, Khan N, Kaminski K. In Vivo and In Vitro Characterization of Close Analogs of Compound KA-11, a New Antiseizure Drug Candidate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098302. [PMID: 37176010 PMCID: PMC10179080 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder involving a number of disease syndromes with a complex etiology. A properly matched antiseizure drug (ASD) gives remission in up to 70% of patients. Nevertheless, there is still a group of about 30% of patients suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy. Consequently, the development of new more effective and/or safer ASDs is still an unmet clinical need. Thus, our current studies were focused on the structural optimization/modifications of one of the leading compounds, KA-11, aiming at the improvement of its antiseizure activity. As a result, we designed and synthesized two close analogs with highly pronounced drug-like physicochemical properties according to in silico predictions, namely KA-228 and KA-232, which were subsequently tested in a panel of animal seizure models, i.e., MES, 6 Hz (32 mA), scPTZ and ivPTZ. Among these compounds, KA-232, which was designed as a water-soluble salt, was distinctly more effective than KA-228 and assured similar antiseizure protection as its chemical prototype KA-11. With the aim of a more detailed characterization of both new molecules, in vitro binding tests were performed to evaluate the potential mechanisms of action. Furthermore, KA-232 was also evaluated in several ADME-Tox studies, and the results obtained strongly supported its drug-like potential. The proposed chemical modification of KA-11 enabled the identification of new pharmacologically active chemotypes, particularly water-soluble KA-232, which, despite the lack of better efficacy than the leading compound, may be used as a chemical prototype for the development of new ASDs, as well as substances potentially active in other neurological or neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Andres-Mach
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Szala-Rycaj
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szewczyk
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ciepiela
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Nadia Khan
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9 St., 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kaminski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
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Jakubiec M, Abram M, Zagaja M, Andres-Mach M, Szewczyk A, Latacz G, Szulczyk B, Socała K, Nieoczym D, Wlaź P, Metcalf CS, Wilcox K, Kamiński RM, Kamiński K. New Phenylglycinamide Derivatives with Hybrid Structure as Candidates for New Broad-Spectrum Anticonvulsants. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121862. [PMID: 35740990 PMCID: PMC9221546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a focused combinatorial chemistry approach was applied to merge structural fragments of well-known TRPV1 antagonists with a potent anticonvulsant lead compound, KA-104, that was previously discovered by our group. Consequently, a series of 22 original compounds has been designed, synthesized, and characterized in the in vivo and in vitro assays. The obtained compounds showed robust in vivo antiseizure activity in the maximal electroshock (MES) test and in the 6 Hz seizure model (using both 32 and 44 mA current intensities). The most potent compounds 53 and 60 displayed the following pharmacological profile: ED50 = 89.7 mg/kg (MES), ED50 = 29.9 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA), ED50 = 68.0 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA), and ED50 = 73.6 mg/kg (MES), ED50 = 24.6 mg/kg (6 Hz, 32 mA), and ED50 = 56.3 mg/kg (6 Hz, 44 mA), respectively. Additionally, 53 and 60 were effective in the ivPTZ seizure threshold and had no influence on the grip strength and body temperature in mice. The in vitro binding and functional assays indicated a multimodal mechanism of action for 53 and 60. These molecules, beyond TRPV1 antagonism, inhibited calcium currents and fast sodium currents in patch-clamp assays. Further studies proved beneficial in vitro ADME-Tox properties for 53 and 60 (i.e., high metabolic stability, weak influence on CYPs, no neurotoxicity, etc.). Overall, 53 and 60 seem to be interesting candidates for future preclinical development in epilepsy and pain indications due to their interaction with the TRPV1 channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jakubiec
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Michał Abram
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Aleksandra Szewczyk
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.Z.); (M.A.-M.); (A.S.)
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Bartłomiej Szulczyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (K.S.); (D.N.); (P.W.)
| | - Cameron S. Metcalf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Karen Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; (C.S.M.); (K.W.)
| | - Rafał M. Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kamiński
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (M.J.); (M.A.); (R.M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-620-54-59
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Romanova J, Rydlovskaya A, Mochalov S, Proskurina O, Gorokh Y, Nebolsin V. The Effect of Anti-Chemokine Oral Drug XC8 on Cough Triggered by The Agonists of TRPA1 But Not TRPV1 Channels in Guinea Pigs. Pulm Ther 2022; 8:105-122. [PMID: 35133638 PMCID: PMC8824739 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-022-00183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic cough heavily affects patients’ quality of life, and there are no effective licensed therapies available. Cough is a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, asthma, and other diseases. Patients with various diseases have a different profile of tussive responses to diverse cough triggers, thereby suggesting sundry mechanisms of neuronal dysfunctions. Previously, we demonstrated that the small molecule drug XC8 shows a clinical anti-asthmatic effect. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of XC8 on cough. Methods We studied the antitussive effect of XC8 on cough induced by agonists activating human transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels TRPA1 or TRPV1 in guinea pigs. We checked the agonistic/antagonistic activity of XC8 on the human cation channels TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPM8, P2X purinoceptor 2 (P2X2), and human acid sensing ion channel 3 (hASIC3) in Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) assay. Results XC8 demonstrated clear antitussive activity and dose-dependently inhibited cough in guinea pigs induced by citric acid alone (up to 67.1%) or in combination with IFN-γ (up to 76.4%). XC8 suppressed cough reflexes induced by the repeated inhalation of citric acid (up to 80%) or by cinnamaldehyde (up to 60%). No activity of XC8 against cough evoked by capsaicin was revealed. No direct agonistic/antagonistic activity of XC8 on human TRPA1, TRPV1, TRPM8, P2X2, or hASIC3 was detected. Conclusions XC8 acts against cough evoked by the activation of TRPA1 (citric acid/cinnamaldehyde) but not TRPV1 (capsaicin) channels. XC8 inhibits the cough reflex and suppresses the cough potentiation by IFN-γ. XC8 might be of significant therapeutic value for patients suffering from chronic cough associated with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Romanova
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation.
| | - Anastasia Rydlovskaya
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Stepan Mochalov
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Oxana Proskurina
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Gorokh
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Nebolsin
- Pharmenterprises LLC, 42 Bolshoj Blvd., Building 1, office 771, 772, Skolkovo Innovation Centre, Moscow, 121205, Russian Federation
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TRPV1 Receptor Identification in Bovine and Canine Mitral Valvular Interstitial Cells. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8090183. [PMID: 34564577 PMCID: PMC8473199 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is the most common acquired cardiac disease in canine species, and valvular interstitial cells (VICs) are considered the main responsible for the development of this pathology. The scientific interest is focused on isolating and characterizing these cells. The aims of the present study were to verify a novel VICs mechanical isolation method and to characterize isolated cells using immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence, with parallel histological and immunohistochemistry assays on bovine and canine healthy and MMVD mitral valves. Antibodies against vimentin (VIM), smooth muscle actin (SMA), von Willebrand (vW) factor, Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β1, and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) were used. The isolation method was considered reliable and able to isolate only VICs. The different assays demonstrated a different expression of SMA in healthy and MMVD mitral valves, and TRPV1 was isolated for the first time from bovine and canine VICs and the correspondent mitral valve leaflets. The novelties of the present study are the new isolation method, that may allow correlations between laboratory and clinical conditions, and the identification of TRPV1, which will lead to further investigations to understand its function and possible role in the etiology of MMVD and to the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Singh R, Adhya P, Sharma SS. Redox-sensitive TRP channels: a promising pharmacological target in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2021; 25:529-545. [PMID: 34289785 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2021.1956464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and its related pain is a major side effect of certain chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment. Available analgesics are mostly symptomatic, and on prolonged treatment, patients become refractive to them. Hence, the development of improved therapeutics that act on novel therapeutic targets is necessary. Potential targets include the redox-sensitive TRP channels [e.g. TRPA1, TRPC5, TRPC6, TRPM2, TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV4] which are activated under oxidative stress associated with CIPN. AREAS COVERED We have examined numerous neuropathy-inducing cancer chemotherapeutics and their pathophysiological mechanisms. Oxidative stress and its downstream targets, the redox-sensitive TRP channels, together with their potential pharmacological modulators, are discussed. Finally, we reflect upon the barriers to getting new therapeutic approaches into the clinic. The literature search was conducted in PubMed upto and including April 2021. EXPERT OPINION Redox-sensitive TRP channels are a promising target in CIPN. Pharmacological modulators of these channels have reduced pain in preclinical models and in clinical studies. Clinical scrutiny suggests that TRPA1, TRPM8, and TRPV1 are the most promising targets because of their pain-relieving potential. In addition to the analgesic effect, TRPV1 agonist-Capsaicin possesses a disease-modifying effect in CIPN through its restorative property in damaged sensory nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Pratik Adhya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, India
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Functional Expression of TRPV1 Ion Channel in the Canine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063177. [PMID: 33804707 PMCID: PMC8003907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPV1, known as a capsaicin receptor, is the best-described transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channel. Recently, it was shown to be expressed by non-excitable cells such as lymphocytes. However, the data regarding the functional expression of the TRPV1 channel in the immune cells are often contradictory. In the present study, we performed a phylogenetical analysis of the canine TRP ion channels, we assessed the expression of TRPV1 in the canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by qPCR and Western blot, and we determined the functionality of TRPV1 by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and calcium assay. We found high expression of TRPV2, -M2, and -M7 in the canine PBMCs, while expression of TRPV1, -V4 and, -M5 was relatively low. We confirmed that TRPV1 is expressed on the protein level in the PBMC and it localizes in the plasma membrane. The whole-cell patch-clamp recording revealed that capsaicin application caused a significant increase in the current density. Similarly, the results from the calcium assay show a dose-dependent increase in intracellular calcium level in the presence of capsaicin that was partially abolished by capsazepine. Our study confirms the expression of TRPV1 ion channel on both mRNA and protein levels in the canine PBMC and indicates that the ion channel is functional.
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Synthesis, Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Activity of New Hybrid Compounds: Derivatives of 3-(3-Methylthiophen-2-yl)-pyrrolidine-2,5-dione. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165750. [PMID: 32796594 PMCID: PMC7461116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to design and synthesize a new series of hybrid compounds with pyrrolidine-2,5-dione and thiophene rings in the structure as potential anticonvulsant and antinociceptive agents. For this purpose, we obtained a series of new compounds and evaluated their anticonvulsant activity in animal models of epilepsy (maximal electroshock (MES), psychomotor (6 Hz), and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) seizure tests). To determine the mechanism of action of the most active anticonvulsant compounds (3, 4, 6, 9), their influence on the voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels as well as GABA transporter (GAT) was assessed. The most promising compound 3-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-1-(3-morpholinopropyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione hydrochloride (4) showed higher ED50 value than those of the reference drugs: valproic acid (VPA) and ethosuximide (ETX) (62.14 mg/kg vs. 252.7 mg/kg (VPA) in the MES test, and 75.59 mg/kg vs. 130.6 mg/kg (VPA) and 221.7 mg/kg (ETX) in the 6 Hz test, respectively). Moreover, in vitro studies of compound 4 showed moderate but balanced inhibition of the neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium (site 2) and L-type calcium channels. Additionally, the antinociceptive activity of the most active compounds (3, 4, 6, 9) was also evaluated in the hot plate test and writhing tests, and their hepatotoxic properties in HepG2 cells were also investigated. To determine the possible mechanism of the analgesic effect of compounds 3, 6, and 9, the affinity for the TRPV1 receptor was investigated.
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Kamiński K, Socała K, Zagaja M, Andres-Mach M, Abram M, Jakubiec M, Pieróg M, Nieoczym D, Rapacz A, Gawel K, Esguerra CV, Latacz G, Lubelska A, Szulczyk B, Szewczyk A, Łuszczki JJ, Wlaź P. N-Benzyl-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamide (AS-1) with Hybrid Structure as a Candidate for a Broad-Spectrum Antiepileptic Drug. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:309-328. [PMID: 31486023 PMCID: PMC7007424 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00773-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In our recent studies, we identified compound N-benzyl-2-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)propanamide (AS-1) as a broad-spectrum hybrid anticonvulsant which showed potent protection across the most important animal acute seizure models such as the maximal electroshock (MES) test, the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (s.c. PTZ) test, and the 6-Hz (32 mA) test in mice. Therefore, AS-1 may be recognized as a candidate for new anticonvulsant effective in different types of human epilepsy with a favorable safety margin profile determined in the rotarod test in mice. In the aim of further pharmacological evaluation of AS-1, in the current study, we examined its activity in the 6-Hz (44 mA) test, which is known as the model of drug-resistant epilepsy. Furthermore, we determined also the antiseizure activity in the kindling model of epilepsy induced by repeated injection of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice. As a result, AS-1 revealed relatively potent protection in the 6-Hz (44 mA) test, as well as delayed the progression of kindling induced by repeated injection of PTZ in mice at doses of 15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 60 mg/kg. Importantly, the isobolographic analysis showed that a combination of AS-1 and valproic acid (VPA) at the fixed ratio of 1:1 displayed a supra-additive (synergistic) interaction against PTZ-induced seizures in mice. Thus, AS-1 may be potentially used in an add-on therapy with VPA. Moreover, incubation of zebrafish larvae with AS-1 substantially decreased the number, cumulative but not the mean duration of epileptiform-like events in electroencephalographic assay. Finally, the in vitro ADME-Tox studies revealed that AS-1 is characterized by a very good permeability in the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay test, excellent metabolic stability on human liver microsomes (HLMs), no significant influence on CYP3A4/CYP2D6 activity, and moderate inhibition of CYP2C9 in a concentration of 10 μM, as well as no hepatotoxic properties in HepG2 cells (concentration of 10 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kamiński
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Zagaja
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Andres-Mach
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Michał Abram
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Jakubiec
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pieróg
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Rapacz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Kinga Gawel
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Camila V Esguerra
- Chemical Neuroscience Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, Forskningsparken, 0349, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Annamaria Lubelska
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Cracow, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Szulczyk
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Szewczyk
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarogniew Jacek Łuszczki
- Isobolographic Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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11
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Chiocchetti R, Galiazzo G, Tagliavia C, Stanzani A, Giancola F, Menchetti M, Militerno G, Bernardini C, Forni M, Mandrioli L. Cellular Distribution of Canonical and Putative Cannabinoid Receptors in Canine Cervical Dorsal Root Ganglia. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:313. [PMID: 31608295 PMCID: PMC6761858 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates cannabinoid receptors as potential therapeutic targets for chronic pain. Consequently, there is an increasing interest in developing cannabinoid receptor agonists for treating human and veterinary pain. To better understand the actions of a drug, it is of paramount importance to know the cellular distribution of its specific receptor(s). The distribution of canonical and putative cannabinoid receptors in the peripheral and central nervous system of dogs is still in its infancy. In order to help fill this anatomical gap, the present ex vivo study has been designed to identify the cellular sites of cannabinoid and cannabinoid-related receptors in canine spinal ganglia. In particular, the cellular distribution of the cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) and putative cannabinoid receptors G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) have been immunohistochemically investigated in the C6–C8 cervical ganglia of dogs. About 50% of the neuronal population displayed weak to moderate CB1 receptor and TRPV1 immunoreactivity, while all of them were CB2-positive and nearly 40% also expressed GPR55 immunolabeling. Schwann cells, blood vessel smooth muscle cells, and pericyte-like cells all expressed CB2 receptor immunoreactivity, endothelial cell being also PPARα-positive. All the satellite glial cells (SGCs) displayed bright GPR55 receptor immunoreactivity. In half of the study dogs, SGCs were also PPARα-positive, and limited to older dogs displayed TRPV1 immunoreactivity. The present study may represent a morphological substrate to consider in order to develop therapeutic strategies against chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Chiocchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Galiazzo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Tagliavia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Agnese Stanzani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Giancola
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marika Menchetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Militerno
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Mandrioli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Barbero R, Vercelli C, Cuniberti B, Della Valle MF, Martano M, Re G. Expression of functional TRPV1 receptor in primary culture of canine keratinocytes. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2018; 41:795-804. [PMID: 30043987 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interest for the endovanilloid system and for transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is continuously increasing, due to their involvement in inflammation, nociception and pruritus. Even if TRPV1 enrolment was highlighted in both physiological and pathological conditions, some aspects remain unclear, mostly in veterinary medicine. This study aimed to verify the expression and functionality of TRPV1 in canine keratinocytes to investigate in vitro the role of TRPV1 in these cells that are involved in different cutaneous pathologies. Keratinocytes primary cultures were isolated from bioptical samples and cultivated. Binding assay (using 3 [H]-resiniferatoxin), displacement assay (in the presence of 1.2 nM 3 [H]-resiniferatoxin) and functional assays (in the presence of 1 μCi/45 Ca2+ ) with vanilloid agonists and antagonists, specifically addressed to TRPV1 receptor, were performed. Binding assay demonstrated the presence of measurable concentrations of TRPV1 (Bmax = 1,240 ± 120 fmol/mg protein; Kd = 0.01 ± 0.004 nM). Displacement assay highlighted the highest affinity for resiniferatoxin (RTX) and 5-iodo-resiniferatoxin (5-I-RTX), among agonists and antagonists, respectively. The same compounds results as the most potent in the functional assays. This study demonstrated the identification and the characterization of TRPV1 receptor in primary canine keratinocytes cultures. The results are promising for a clinical use, but further in vivo investigations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Barbero
- SC of Serology, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Piemonte Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Vercelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Barbara Cuniberti
- Royal Dick School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburg, Edinburg, Ireland
| | | | - Marina Martano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Re
- Department of Veterinary Sciences of Turin, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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13
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Saito S, Tominaga M. Evolutionary tuning of TRPA1 and TRPV1 thermal and chemical sensitivity in vertebrates. Temperature (Austin) 2017; 4:141-152. [PMID: 28680930 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2017.1315478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal perception is an essential sensory system for survival since temperature fluctuations affect various biologic processes. Therefore, evolutionary changes in thermosensory systems may have played important roles in adaptation processes. Comparative analyses of sensory receptors among different species can provide us with important clues to understand the molecular basis for adaptation. Several ion channels belonging to the transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily serve as thermal sensors in a wide variety of animal species. These TRP proteins are multimodal receptors that are activated by temperature as well as other sensory stimuli. Among them TRPV1 and TRPA1 are activated by noxious ranges of thermal stimuli and irritating chemicals, and are mainly expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons. Comparative analyses of TRPV1 and TRPA1 among various vertebrate species revealed evolutionary changes that likely contributed to diversification of sensory perception. Whereas heat-induced TRPV1 responses have been conserved across many vertebrates, TRPA1 varied among species. Mutagenesis experiments using these two channels from various species also helped characterize the molecular basis for their activation and inhibition. Meanwhile, recent detailed comparative analyses using closely related species showed shifts in TRPV1 and TRPA1 thermal sensitivity that allowed adaptation to different thermal environments. Changes in TRPV1 heat responses appear to arise from just a few amino acid differences among species. These observations suggest that evolutionary changes in peripheral sensors are likely driving force for shifting thermal perception in adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Saito
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institute of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Japan
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14
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Rational design and validation of a vanilloid-sensitive TRPV2 ion channel. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E3657-66. [PMID: 27298359 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1604180113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vanilloids activation of TRPV1 represents an excellent model system of ligand-gated ion channels. Recent studies using cryo-electron microcopy (cryo-EM), computational analysis, and functional quantification revealed the location of capsaicin-binding site and critical residues mediating ligand-binding and channel activation. Based on these new findings, here we have successfully introduced high-affinity binding of capsaicin and resiniferatoxin to the vanilloid-insensitive TRPV2 channel, using a rationally designed minimal set of four point mutations (F467S-S498F-L505T-Q525E, termed TRPV2_Quad). We found that binding of resiniferatoxin activates TRPV2_Quad but the ligand-induced open state is relatively unstable, whereas binding of capsaicin to TRPV2_Quad antagonizes resiniferatoxin-induced activation likely through competition for the same binding sites. Using Rosetta-based molecular docking, we observed a common structural mechanism underlying vanilloids activation of TRPV1 and TRPV2_Quad, where the ligand serves as molecular "glue" that bridges the S4-S5 linker to the S1-S4 domain to open these channels. Our analysis revealed that capsaicin failed to activate TRPV2_Quad likely due to structural constraints preventing such bridge formation. These results not only validate our current working model for capsaicin activation of TRPV1 but also should help guide the design of drug candidate compounds for this important pain sensor.
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15
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Rudd JA, Nalivaiko E, Matsuki N, Wan C, Andrews PL. The involvement of TRPV1 in emesis and anti-emesis. Temperature (Austin) 2015; 2:258-76. [PMID: 27227028 PMCID: PMC4843889 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2015.1043042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse transmitter systems (e.g. acetylcholine, dopamine, endocannabinoids, endorphins, glutamate, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, substance P) have been implicated in the pathways by which nausea and vomiting are induced and are targets for anti-emetic drugs (e.g. 5-hydroxytryptamine3 and tachykinin NK1 antagonists). The involvement of TRPV1 in emesis was discovered in the early 1990s and may have been overlooked previously as TRPV1 pharmacology was studied in rodents (mice, rats) lacking an emetic reflex. Acute subcutaneous administration of resiniferatoxin in the ferret, dog and Suncus murinus revealed that it had “broad–spectrum” anti-emetic effects against stimuli acting via both central (vestibular system, area postrema) and peripheral (abdominal vagal afferents) inputs. One of several hypotheses discussed here is that the anti-emetic effect is due to acute depletion of substance P (or another peptide) at a critical site (e.g. nucleus tractus solitarius) in the central emetic pathway. Studies in Suncus murinus revealed a potential for a long lasting (one month) effect against the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin. Subsequent studies using telemetry in the conscious ferret compared the anti-emetic, hypothermic and hypertensive effects of resiniferatoxin (pungent) and olvanil (non-pungent) and showed that the anti-emetic effect was present (but reduced) with olvanil which although inducing hypothermia it did not have the marked hypertensive effects of resiniferatoxin. The review concludes by discussing general insights into emetic pathways and their pharmacology revealed by these relatively overlooked studies with TRPV1 activators (pungent an non-pungent; high and low lipophilicity) and antagonists and the potential clinical utility of agents targeted at the TRPV1 system.
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Key Words
- 12-HPETE, 12-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine
- 5-HT3, 5-hdroxytryptamine3
- 8-OH-DPAT, (±)-8-Hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin
- AM404
- AM404, N-arachidonoylaminophenol
- AMT, anandamide membrane transporter
- AP, area postrema
- BBB, blood brain barrier
- CB1, cannabinoid1
- CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide
- CINV, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting
- CP 99,994
- CTA, conditioned taste aversion
- CVO's, circumventricular organs
- D2, dopamine2
- DRG, dorsal root ganglia
- FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase
- H1, histamine1
- LTB4, leukotriene B4
- NADA, N-arachidonoyl-dopamine
- NK1, neurokinin1
- POAH, preoptic anterior hypothalamus
- RTX
- Suncus murinus
- TRPV1
- TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor1
- anti-emetic
- capsaicin
- ferret
- i.v., intravenous
- nausea
- olvanil
- thermoregulation
- vanilloid
- vomiting
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Rudd
- Brain and Mind Institute; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin; New Territories, Hong Kong SAR; School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Chinese University of Hong Kong; Shatin; New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Eugene Nalivaiko
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy; University of Newcastle ; Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Norio Matsuki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo ; Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christina Wan
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; Chinese University of Hong Kong ; Shatin; New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Paul Lr Andrews
- Division of Biomedical Sciences; St George's University of London ; London, UK
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16
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Hiett SC, Owen MK, Li W, Chen X, Riley A, Noblet J, Flores S, Sturek M, Tune JD, Obukhov AG. Mechanisms underlying capsaicin effects in canine coronary artery: implications for coronary spasm. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:607-18. [PMID: 24935430 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The TRPV1, transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1, agonist capsaicin is considered to be beneficial for cardiovascular health because it dilates coronary arteries through an endothelial-dependent mechanism and may slow atheroma progression. However, recent reports indicate that high doses of capsaicin may constrict coronary arterioles and even provoke myocardial infarction. Thus far, the mechanisms by which TRPV1 activation modulates coronary vascular tone remain poorly understood. This investigation examined whether there is a synergistic interplay between locally acting vasoconstrictive pro-inflammatory hormones (autacoids) and capsaicin effects in the coronary circulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Experiments were performed in canine conduit coronary artery rings and isolated smooth muscle cells (CASMCs). Isometric tension measurements revealed that 1-10 μM capsaicin alone did not affect resting tension of coronary artery rings. In contrast, in endothelium-intact rings pre-contracted with a Gq/11-coupled FP/TP (prostaglandin F/thromboxane) receptor agonist, prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α; 10 μM), capsaicin first induced transient dilation that was followed by sustained contraction. In endothelium-denuded rings pre-contracted with PGF2α or thromboxane analogue U46619 (1 μM, a TP receptor agonist), capsaicin induced only sustained contraction. Blockers of the TP receptor or TRPV1 significantly inhibited capsaicin effects, but these were still observed in the presence of 50 μM nifedipine and 70 mM KCl. Capsaicin also potentiated 20 mM KCl-induced contractions. Fluorescence imaging experiments in CASMCs revealed that the Gq/11-phospholipase C (PLC)-protein kinase C (PKC) and Ca(2+)-PLC-PKC pathways are likely involved in sensitizing CASMC TRPV1 channels. CONCLUSION Capsaicin alone does not cause contractions in conduit canine coronary artery; however, pre-treatment with pro-inflammatory prostaglandin-thromboxane agonists may unmask capsaicin's vasoconstrictive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Christopher Hiett
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Meredith K Owen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Wennan Li
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ashley Riley
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jillian Noblet
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sarah Flores
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael Sturek
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Johnathan D Tune
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander G Obukhov
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Vercelli C, Barbero R, Cuniberti B, Odore R, Re G. Expression and functionality of TRPV1 receptor in human MCF-7 and canine CF.41 cells. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:133-42. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Vercelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
| | - R. Barbero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
| | - B. Cuniberti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
| | - R. Odore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
| | - G. Re
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Turin; Grugliasco Turin Italy
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18
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Ohkita M, Saito S, Imagawa T, Takahashi K, Tominaga M, Ohta T. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of Xenopus tropicalis frog transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 reveal its functional evolution for heat, acid, and capsaicin sensitivities in terrestrial vertebrates. J Biol Chem 2011; 287:2388-97. [PMID: 22130664 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.305698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional difference of thermosensitive transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in the evolutionary context has attracted attention, but thus far little information is available on the TRP vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) function of amphibians, which diverged earliest from terrestrial vertebrate lineages. In this study we cloned Xenopus tropicalis frog TRPV1 (xtTRPV1), and functional characterization was performed using HeLa cells heterologously expressing xtTRPV1 (xtTRPV1-HeLa) and dorsal root ganglion neurons isolated from X. tropicalis (xtDRG neurons) by measuring changes in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)). The channel activity was also observed in xtTRPV1-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Furthermore, we tested capsaicin- and heat-induced nocifensive behaviors of the frog X. tropicalis in vivo. At the amino acid level, xtTRPV1 displays ∼60% sequence identity to other terrestrial vertebrate TRPV1 orthologues. Capsaicin induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases in xtTRPV1-HeLa and xtDRG neurons and evoked nocifensive behavior in X. tropicalis. However, its sensitivity was extremely low compared with mammalian orthologues. Low extracellular pH and heat activated xtTRPV1-HeLa and xtDRG neurons. Heat also evoked nocifensive behavior. In oocytes expressing xtTRPV1, inward currents were elicited by heat and low extracellular pH. Mutagenesis analysis revealed that two amino acids (tyrosine 523 and alanine 561) were responsible for the low sensitivity to capsaicin. Taken together, our results indicate that xtTRPV1 functions as a polymodal receptor similar to its mammalian orthologues. The present study demonstrates that TRPV1 functions as a heat- and acid-sensitive channel in the ancestor of terrestrial vertebrates. Because it is possible to examine vanilloid and heat sensitivities in vitro and in vivo, X. tropicalis could be the ideal experimental lower vertebrate animal for the study of TRPV1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohkita
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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19
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Is TRPV1 a useful target in respiratory diseases? Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2008; 21:833-9. [PMID: 18992356 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is a non-selective cation channel predominantly expressed in the cell membranes of sensory afferent fibers, which are activated multi-modally. In the mammalian respiratory system, immunohistochemical and electrophysiological studies have revealed heterogeneous localizations of TRPV1 channels in the airways and their presence in pleural afferents. TRPV1 channels in afferents are not only involved with sensory inputs, but also release several neuropeptides upon stimulation. These processes trigger pathophysiological effects (e.g. reflex bronchoconstriction, hypersecretion, cough, etc.) that cause various symptoms of airway diseases. Recent studies have identified several endogenous and exogenous substances that can activate TRPV1 in the lung. Because of its key role in initiating inflammatory processes, TRPV1 receptor antagonists have been proposed as therapeutic candidates. Therefore, a critical update of recent therapeutic results is also given in this review.
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20
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McLeod RL, Correll CC, Jia Y, Anthes JC. TRPV1 antagonists as potential antitussive agents. Lung 2007; 186 Suppl 1:S59-65. [PMID: 17926096 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-007-9032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Accepted: 08/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cough is an important defensive pulmonary reflex that removes irritants, fluids, or foreign materials from the airways. However, when cough is exceptionally intense or when it is chronic and/or nonproductive it may require pharmacologic suppression. For many patients, antitussive therapies consist of OTC products with inconsequential efficacies. On the other hand, the prescription antitussive market is dominated by older opioid drugs such as codeine. Unfortunately, "codeine-like" drugs suppress cough at equivalent doses that also often produce significant ancillary liabilities such as GI constipation, sedation, and respiratory depression. Thus, the discovery of a novel and effective antitussive drug with an improved side effect profile relative to codeine would fulfill an unmet clinical need in the treatment of cough. Afferent pulmonary nerves are endowed with a multitude of potential receptor targets, including TRPV1, that could act to attenuate cough. The evidence linking TRPV1 to cough is convincing. TRPV1 receptors are found on sensory respiratory nerves that are important in the generation of the cough reflex. Isolated pulmonary vagal afferent nerves are responsive to TRPV1 stimulation. In vivo, TRPV1 agonists such as capsaicin elicit cough when aerosolized and delivered to the lungs. Pertinent to the debate on the potential use of TRPV1 antagonist as antitussive agents are the observations that airway afferent nerves become hypersensitive in diseased and inflamed lungs. For example, the sensitivity of capsaicin-induced cough responses following upper respiratory tract infection and in airway inflammatory diseases such as asthma and COPD is increased relative to that of control responses. Indeed, we have demonstrated that TRPV1 antagonism can attenuate antigen-induced cough in the allergic guinea pig. However, it remains to be determined if the emerging pharmacologic profile of TRPV1 antagonists will translate into a novel human antitussive drug. Current efforts in clinical validation of TRPV1 antagonists revolve around various pain indications; therefore, clinical evaluation of TRPV1 antagonists as antitussive agents will have to await those outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbie L McLeod
- Department of Neurobiology, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033-0539, USA.
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Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels in cultured rat Sertoli cells regulate an acid sensing chloride channel. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 75:476-83. [PMID: 17945192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 09/03/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sertoli cells provide a controlled microenvironment for regulation and maintenance of spermatogenesis for which an acidic milieu is crucial for male fertility. Sertoli cells also contribute to protection of spermatogenetic cells. Here, we showed that TRPV1 is expressed in rat Sertoli cells and regulates an acid sensing Cl(-) channel (ASCC). The expression of TRPV1 in rat Sertoli cells was demonstrated by RT-PCR, immunostaining and calcium measurement experiments. ASCC activity was inhibited by capsaicin (IC(50)=214.3+/-1.6 nM), olvanil (IC(50)=400+/-1.7 pM) and resiniferatoxin (IC(50)=9.3+/-1.5 nM) but potentiated by capsazepine (EC(50)=5.3+/-1.3 microM) and ruthenium red (EC(50)=2.3+/-1.5 microM). In the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3 in which ASCC can be detected but not TRPV1, capsaicin and capsazepine were without any effect. Finally the application of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen prevented the control of ASCC by TRPV1. Our study provides the first evidence for a regulation by TRPV1 of an acid sensing chloride channel in rat Sertoli cells. TRPV1 and ASCC may thus be considered as new potential physiological regulators of spermatogenesis and targets for pharmacological treatments of reproductive disorders as cryptorchidism, Sertoli cell tumors or torsion of the spermatic cord.
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Re G, Barbero R, Miolo A, Di Marzo V. Palmitoylethanolamide, endocannabinoids and related cannabimimetic compounds in protection against tissue inflammation and pain: Potential use in companion animals. Vet J 2007; 173:21-30. [PMID: 16324856 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids have analgesic/anti-inflammatory properties. The biology of endocannabinoids, their receptors, signalling mechanisms and role in the regulation of physiological processes have been extensively reviewed. This review focuses on the role of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endogenous fatty acid amide analogue of the endocannabinoid anandamide, in tissue protective mechanisms. PEA was first identified almost five decades ago in lipid extracts of various natural products, and its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects were established later. Evidence exists that PEA is synthesised during inflammation and tissue damage and a number of beneficial effects, including the relief of inflammation and pruritus, have been shown to be useful in the control of neurogenic and neuropathic pain. The postulated hypotheses as to the mode of action of PEA include a possible local autacoid-like mediator activity regulating mast-cell activity and putative activation of cannabinoids and vanilloid TRPV1 receptors via "entourage" effects. The large number of scientific investigations into the effects of PEA and PEA-related compounds has given rise to new therapeutic opportunities. In spite of the multitude of therapies currently employed to control inflammation, pain, pruritus and tissue damage, the possibility of using a natural compound, such as PEA to manipulate endogenous protective mechanisms may be considered a beneficial novel therapeutic strategy in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Re
- Department of Animal Pathology, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Turin, Via Leonardo da Vinci 44, I-10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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DI MARZO V. PL03 Biochemistry and pharmacology of fatty acid amides ? effects on inflammation, pain and pruritus and new perspectives in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2006.00770_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu Y, Lubin ML, Reitz TL, Wang Y, Colburn RW, Flores CM, Qin N. Molecular identification and functional characterization of a temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential channel (TRPM8) from canine. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 530:23-32. [PMID: 16386244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 11/10/2005] [Accepted: 11/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
TRPM8 belongs to the family of transient receptor potential channels and is activated by cooling and cooling agents, such as icilin and menthol. It is expressed in a subset of sensory neurons and is thought to be involved in thermosensation. Here, we report the cloning and functional characterization of canine TRPM8 (cTRPM8). cTRPM8 shares 95.1%, 94.1%, and 93.9% protein sequence identity with human, rat and mouse TRPM8, respectively. Similar to these mammalian orthologs, cTRPM8 was activated by menthol and icilin with strong outward rectification and little cation selectivity. Menthol and icilin also caused calcium-dependent desensitization. Interestingly, cTRPM8 was activated at <17 degrees C, a temperature threshold lower than that reported for the other orthologs. At 22 degrees C, the EC(50) for activation of cTRPM8 expressed in HEK293 cells by icilin and menthol was 0.06 and 4.3 microM determined by Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) and 0.4 and 85 microM by patch clamp, respectively. Mustard oil also activated cTRPM8 (FLIPR EC(50) = 490 microM). Menthol activation was more potent at +60 mV than at -60 mV (EC(50) = 53 and 124 microM, respectively, in Xenopus ooctyes). Icilin-, menthol- and mustard oil-induced intracellular Ca(2+) increases were similarly blocked by N-(4-tertiarybutyl-phenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl) tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide (BCTC) with IC(50) = 2.3, 2.8 and 1.8 microM, respectively. Cooling-activated current was also inhibited by BCTC. Extracellular calcium blocked cTRPM8 in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner (half maximal blocking [Ca(2+)] = 1.6 mM at -100 mV). These results constitute the first study of cTRPM8 and support the idea that cTRPM8 functions as a transducer of cold stimuli in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Analgesics Research Team, Drug Discovery, Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19477-0776, USA
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Ohta T, Komatsu R, Imagawa T, Otsuguro KI, Ito S. Molecular cloning, functional characterization of the porcine transient receptor potential V1 (pTRPV1) and pharmacological comparison with endogenous pTRPV1. Biochem Pharmacol 2005; 71:173-87. [PMID: 16288992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2005.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2005] [Revised: 09/21/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we cloned a porcine orthologue of transient receptor potential V1 (pTRPV1) and heterologously expressed it in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells to characterize its pharmacological properties. At the amino acid level, pTRPV1 was highly homologous (83-90%) to other orthologues of TRPV1. The expression of receptors was examined with current and [Ca2+]i responses to capsaicin using whole-cell patch-clamp and fura-2 ratio imaging techniques, respectively, and by immunostaining with an anti-TRPV1 antibody. The receptors were characterized by changes in [Ca2+]i in response to various vanilloid agonists, low pH and heat and by the effects of TRPV1 antagonists on them. The various TRPV1 agonists activated pTRPV1 in a dose-dependent manner in the order of potency of resiniferatoxin (RTX) > olvanil > capsaicin > phorbol 12-phenylacetate 13-acetate 20-homovanillate (PPAHV), phorbol 12,13-dinonanoate 20-homovanillate (PDNHV). Isovelleral and scutigeral had no effect. Endogenous vanilloids (anandamide > 15 (s)-HPETE >> NADA), low pH and noxious heat (>42 degrees C) activated pTRPV1. Comparison of amino acid sequences with various mammalian TRPV1 homologues suggested some novel putative vanilloid recognition sites. TRPV1 antagonists, iodoRTX, ruthenium red and capsazepine suppressed capsaicin-induced responses. Similar to human TRPV1, but not rodent TRPV1, capsazepine was effective in blocking pH- and heat-induced responses. Similar pharmacological profiles were observed in cultured porcine dorsal root ganglion neurons. We discuss putative amino acid residues related to pharmacological differences among mammalian TRPV1 homologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ohta
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Biochemical Science, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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