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Vercelli C, Gambino G, Amadori M, Re G, Martignani E, Barberis RV, Janus I, Tursi M. TRPV1 Receptor Identification in Bovine and Canine Mitral Valvular Interstitial Cells. Vet Sci 2021; 8:183. [PMID: 34564577 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8090183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) is the most common acquired cardiac disease in canine species, and valvular interstitial cells (VICs) are considered the main responsible for the development of this pathology. The scientific interest is focused on isolating and characterizing these cells. The aims of the present study were to verify a novel VICs mechanical isolation method and to characterize isolated cells using immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence, with parallel histological and immunohistochemistry assays on bovine and canine healthy and MMVD mitral valves. Antibodies against vimentin (VIM), smooth muscle actin (SMA), von Willebrand (vW) factor, Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β1, and Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) were used. The isolation method was considered reliable and able to isolate only VICs. The different assays demonstrated a different expression of SMA in healthy and MMVD mitral valves, and TRPV1 was isolated for the first time from bovine and canine VICs and the correspondent mitral valve leaflets. The novelties of the present study are the new isolation method, that may allow correlations between laboratory and clinical conditions, and the identification of TRPV1, which will lead to further investigations to understand its function and possible role in the etiology of MMVD and to the design of new therapeutic strategies.
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Prieto Ramos J, Corda A, Swift S, Saderi L, De La Fuente Oliver G, Corcoran B, Summers KM, French AT. Clinical and Echocardiographic Findings in an Aged Population of Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11040949. [PMID: 33800666 PMCID: PMC8065390 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common cardiac disease in dogs. It varies from dogs without clinical signs to those developing left-sided congestive heart failure, leading to death. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs) are particularly susceptible to MMVD. We hypothesised that within the elderly CKCS population, there is a sub-cohort of MMVD-affected dogs that do not have cardiac remodelling. The objectives of the present study were (i) to determine the prevalence and the degree of cardiac remodelling associated with MMVD; and (ii) assess the effect of age, gender, and body weight on echocardiographic status in a population of aged CKCSs. A total of 126 CKCSs ≥ 8 years old were prospectively included. They all had a physical and echocardiographic examination. A systolic murmur was detected in 89% of dogs; the presence of clinical signs was reported in 19% of them; and echocardiographic evidence of MMVD was described in 100%. Despite the high prevalence, 44.4% of the dogs were clear of echocardiographic signs of cardiac remodelling. Age was significantly associated with the presence and severity of cardiac remodelling and mitral valve prolapse. Our results showed that a proportion of elderly CKCS with confirmed MMVD did not undergo advanced stages of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Corda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3494381468
| | - Simon Swift
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA;
| | - Laura Saderi
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | | | - Brendan Corcoran
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Medicine, Easter Bush Campus, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK;
| | - Kim M. Summers
- Translational Research Institute, Mater Research Institute-University of Queensland, 37 Kent St, Wooloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Anne T. French
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Ross University, Two mile hill st., Michael BB11093, Barbados;
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Pirintr P, Limprasutr V, Saengklub N, Pavinadol P, Yapao N, Limvanicharat N, Kuecharoen H, Kijtawornrat A. Acute effect of ivabradine on heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption in dogs with asymptomatic mitral valve degeneration. Exp Anim 2018; 67:441-449. [PMID: 29760343 PMCID: PMC6219887 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) is a common cardiac disease in geriatric dogs characterized by the degeneration of the mitral valve, leading to decreased cardiac output and activation of the sympathetic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. This disease results in an increased resting heart rate (HR) and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). A recent publication demonstrated that dogs with asymptomatic DMVD had a significantly higher HR and systemic blood pressure (BP) than age-matched control dogs. This higher HR will eventually contribute to increased MVO2. This study aimed to determine the effects of a single oral dose of ivabradine on the HR, MVO2 as assessed by the rate-pressure product, and BP in dogs with asymptomatic DMVD. Seven beagles with naturally occurring DMVD were instrumented by the Holter recorder and an oscillometric device to measure electrocardiogram and BP for 24 and 12 h, respectively. Each dog was randomly subjected to receive either placebo or ivabradine (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg). The results revealed that oral administration of ivabradine significantly decreased the HR and rate-pressure product in a dose-dependent manner without adverse effects. The highest dose of 2.0 mg/kg significantly reduced systolic and mean BP. Therefore, the findings imply that a single oral ivabradine administration at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg is suitable for dogs with asymptomatic DMVD to reduce the HR and MVO2 without marked effects on BP. This may potentially make ivabradine promising for management of an elevated HR in DMVD dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapawadee Pirintr
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vudhiporn Limprasutr
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nakkawee Saengklub
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri Ayudhya Road, Rajathevi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Parnpradub Pavinadol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Napat Yapao
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natthakarn Limvanicharat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hathaisiri Kuecharoen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Research clusters: research study and testing of drug's effect related to cardiovascular system in laboratory animal, Chulalongkorn University, 39 Henri Dunant Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Kijtawornrat A, Komolvanich S, Saengklub N, Pirintr P, Boonpala P, Buranakarl C. Long-term effect of sildenafil on echocardiographic parameters in dogs with asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:788-794. [PMID: 28302926 PMCID: PMC5402203 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sildenafil is a selective phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that has been demonstrated to
delay ventricular remodeling in humans and experimental animals. The aim of this
prospective study was to assess the chronic effects of sildenafil administration on
echocardiographic indices and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in
dogs with naturally occurring, asymptomatic myxomatous mitral valve degeneration. Thirty
client-owned dogs with ACVIM class B1 or B2 were enrolled. Dogs were randomly assigned to
treatment (sildenafil 1–3 mg/kg, PO, BID for 180 days) or control groups. A total of 12
dogs completed the 180 days trial in the sildenafil group, whereas 10 dogs remained in
control group. When comparing the difference from baseline values obtained over time
between groups, the stroke volume (SV) at day 30 was significantly higher in the
sildenafil group (P=0.038). The LA/Ao and the MR jet area were
significantly lower beginning at day 30 (only MR jet area; P=0.006), day
90 (P=0.006 and P=0.027, respectively) and day 180
(P=0.029 and P=0.032, respectively). The 2D-LA was
significantly lower at day 90 when compared with control group (P=0.028).
The differences of NTproBNP from baseline were significantly lower when compared with
control group at the same timepoint (D90, P=0.017 and D180,
P=0.013). In conclusion, this study suggested that long-term treatment
with sildenafil prevented aggravation of disease progression as suggested by several
echocardiographic indices (i.e. SV, LA/Ao, MR jet area, 2D-LA) and reduced NTproBNP level
at the indicated timepoints in dogs with asymptomatic mitral valve degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.,Research clusters: Research study and testing of drug's effect related to cardiovascular system in Laboratory Animal, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siripen Komolvanich
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nakkawee Saengklub
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prapawadee Pirintr
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Pakit Boonpala
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chollada Buranakarl
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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