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Li Z, Shi H, Li Y, Wang W, Li Z, Chen B, Nie D. Isorhynchophylline ameliorates the progression of osteoarthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 924:174971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zhao H, Li X, Yang L, Zhang L, Jiang X, Gao W, Chen P, Cheng Y, Wang F, Liu J. Isorhynchophylline Relieves Ferroptosis-Induced Nerve Damage after Intracerebral Hemorrhage Via miR-122-5p/TP53/SLC7A11 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1981-1994. [PMID: 33942214 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Isorhynchophylline (IRN), a component of traditional Chinese herb Uncaria rhynchophylla, possesses strong antioxidant activity. Ferroptosis induced by iron overload causes cell oxidative stress after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Therefore, this study aims to explore the effects of IRN on the ferroptosis following ICH. In this study, mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells were treated with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) alone or together with IRN, and we found IRN reduced the FAC-induced cell damage. Then, cells were treated with IRN following treatment with FAC after transfection with miR-122-5p inhibitor, and the results showed IRN reduced the FAC-induced decrease of miR-122-5p levels and relieved the ferroptosis by detecting ferroptotic marker proteins, iron ion concentration and oxidative stress level; after transfection with miR-122-5p inhibitor, the protective effects of IRN against FAC-induced ferroptosis in these cells were weakened. TP53 (also known as p53) was verified as a target of miR-122-5p by using dual luciferase reporter assay, and restoration of TP53 attenuated the effects of miR-122-5p on ferroptotic marker proteins expression, iron ion concentration and lipid ROS levels, as well as solute carrier family seven member 11 (SLC7A11) mRNA expression. SLC7A11 siRNA reversed the inhibitory effects of IRN on FAC-induced ferroptosis and oxidative stress levels. Subsequently, IRN increased the mNSS score, and decreased brain water content and EB content in ICH model. Moreover, IRN decreased ferroptosis and lipid ROS level, upregulated the expression of miR-122-5p and SLC7A11 mRNA, and inhibited TP53 expression. Our findings reveal that IRN protects neurocyte from ICH-induced ferroptosis via miR-122-5p/TP53/SLC7A11 pathway, which may provide a potential therapeutic mechanism for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Fenglu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China.
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, No. 167 Fangdong Street, Xi'an, 710038, China.
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Alharbi H, Ahmad M, Tian Z, Yu R, Li YL. Therapeutic value of the metabolomic active neurotransmitter isorhynchophylline in the treatment of spontaneously hypertensive rats by regulating neurotransmitters. Transl Neurosci 2021; 12:425-431. [PMID: 34760298 PMCID: PMC8562224 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is one of the most reported cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with significantly high morbidity and mortality rates. This condition threatens the very existence of human beings. Numerous studies conducted earlier revealed the good therapeutic effect of isorhynchophylline on hypertension since the former regulates the metabolic disorders in neurotransmitters. However, the mechanism behind this action is yet to be deciphered. The current study followed the targeted metabolomics method to investigate the changes in the neurotransmitter level in the hippocampus of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) after the rats were treated with isorhynchophylline. The authors predicted the metabolic pathways involved in extensively modified neurotransmitters. Further, the expressions of metabolism-key enzymes in mRNA and protein levels were also determined. When treated with isorhynchophylline, it induced notably varying metabolomic profiles of the hippocampus in SHRs. Isorhynchophylline perturbed a total of seven extensively modified neurotransmitters as well as the primarily related pathways such as tyrosine and glutamate metabolism. An increase in the key metabolic enzymes such as DDC, MAO, COMT, TH, and DβH was observed in the SHR group, whereas their levels decreased after treatment with isorhynchophylline. The expression of GAD67 established cross-current validity. So, isorhynchophylline has been proved to have potential therapeutic value to treat hypertension via tyrosine and glutamate metabolism in the hippocampus. Further, the current study also opened new ventures to further investigate the working mechanism of isorhynchophylline in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homood Alharbi
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ahmad
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yun Lun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Qin N, Lu X, Liu Y, Qiao Y, Qu W, Feng F, Sun H. Recent research progress of Uncaria spp. based on alkaloids: phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112960. [PMID: 33148492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are well-known in affording clinically useful agents, with rich medicinal values by combining with disease targets through various mechanisms. Plant secondary metabolites as lead compounds lay the foundation for the discovery and development of new drugs in disease treatment. Genus Uncaria from Rubiaceae family is a significant plant source of active alkaloids, with anti-hypertensive, sedative, anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-drug addiction and anti-inflammatory effects. This review summarizes and discuss the research progress of Uncaria based on alkaloids in the past 15 years, mainly in the past 5 years, including biosynthesis, phytochemistry, pharmacology and structural chemistry. Among, focusing on representative compounds rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline, the pharmacological activities surrounding the central nervous system and cardiovascular system are described in detail. On the basis of case studies, this article provides a brief overview of the synthesis and analogues of representative compounds types. In summary, this review provides an early basis for further searching for new targets and activities, discussing the mechanisms of pharmacological activity and studying the structure-activity relationships of active molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Qin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, 223003, People's Republic of China.
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Xian Y, Ip S, Li H, Qu C, Su Z, Chen J, Lin Z. Isorhynchophylline exerts antidepressant‐like effects in mice
via
modulating neuroinflammation and neurotrophins: involvement of the PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3β signaling pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:10393-10408. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802743rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Fang Xian
- School of Chinese MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Brain Research CenterSchool of Chinese MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Siu‐Po Ip
- School of Chinese MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Brain Research CenterSchool of Chinese MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Hui‐Qin Li
- School of Chinese MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Chang Qu
- School of Chinese MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
| | - Zi‐Ren Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese MedicineMathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Jian‐Nan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Development and Research of Chinese MedicineMathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou China
| | - Zhi‐Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Brain Research CenterSchool of Chinese MedicineFaculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China
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Zhou Z, Su Y, Fa XE. Isorhynchophylline exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities in LPS-stimulated murine alveolar macrophages. Life Sci 2019; 223:137-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Simultaneous determination of eight bioactive compounds by LC-MS/MS and its application to the pharmacokinetics, liver first-pass effect, liver and brain distribution of orally administrated Gouteng-Baitouweng (GB) in rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:122-131. [PMID: 29597038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Only focusing on the circulating levels is insufficient for the comprehensive understanding of the physiological disposition of herbal medicine in vivo. Therefore, we conducted the comprehensive investigation on the in vivo dynamic process of orally administrated Gouteng-Baitouweng (GB), a classical herb pair with anti-Parkinson potentials. Serving as the technical base, a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated in the plasma, liver and brain, for simultaneous determination of five alkaloids (rhynchophylline, isorhynchophylline, corynoxeine, isocorynoxeine and geissoschizine methyl ether) and three saponins (anemoside B4, anemoside A3 and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid). Following liquid-liquid extraction, favorable chromatographic behaviors of eight analytes were obtained on Waters Xbrigde C18 column within 13 min. This method elicited good linearity for the analytes at the concentration range of 0.3-1000 or 1.8-6000 ng/mL with favorable precision, accuracy and stability. Following oral administration of GB (25 g/kg) in rats, this method was applied to the quantitative analysis in the portal vein plasma, liver, systemic plasma, and brain. Consequently, anemoside B4 was of the highest exposure, followed by 23-hydroxybetulinic acid, anemoside A3, rhynchophylline and isocorynoxeine in vivo. Notably, three saponins were all observed with certain exposure in the brain, along with rhynchophylline at low levels. Besides, five alkaloids and 23-hydroxybetulinic acid underwent serious liver first-pass effect. Hence, the pharmacokinetics, liver first-pass effect, liver and brain distribution of ingredients in GB were clarified, which laid a solid foundation for interpreting its efficacy and safety.
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Wang W, Luo S, Chen Y, Li B, Hattori M. Effective Separation and Simultaneous Determination of Corynoxeine and Its Metabolites in Rats by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Application to Pharmacokinetics and In Vivo Distribution in Main Organs. ANAL SCI 2018; 32:705-7. [PMID: 27302594 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.32.705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An effective separation and simultaneous determination of corynoxeine and its metabolites using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated. The method was applied to pharmacokinetics and in vivo distribution investigations in rats after oral (0.105 mmol kg(-1)) and intravenous (0.0105 mmol kg(-1)) doses of corynoxeine. Its brain uptake index was of 3.08 × 10(-11) mol g(-1) at 3 h and 3.75 × 10(-11) mol g(-1) at 74 min after oral and intravenous doses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University
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Wei X, Jiang LP, Guo Y, Khan A, Liu YP, Yu HF, Wang B, Ding CF, Zhu PF, Chen YY, Zhao YL, Chen YB, Wang YF, Luo XD. Indole Alkaloids Inhibiting Neural Stem Cell from Uncaria rhynchophylla. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:413-419. [PMID: 28952128 PMCID: PMC5655363 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-017-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla is commonly recognized as a traditional treatment for dizziness, cerebrovascular diseases, and nervous disorders in China. Previously, the neuro-protective activities of the alkaloids from U. rhynchophylla were intensively reported. In current work, three new indole alkaloids (1-3), identified as geissoschizic acid (1), geissoschizic acid N 4-oxide (2), and 3β-sitsirikine N 4-oxide (3), as well as 26 known analogues were isolated from U. rhynchophylla. However, in the neural stem cells (NSCs) proliferation assay for all isolated compounds, geissoschizic acid (1), geissoschizic acid N 4-oxide (2), isocorynoxeine (6), isorhynchophylline (7), (4S)-akuammigine N-oxide (8), and (4S)-rhynchophylline N-oxide (10) showed unexpected inhibitory activities at 10 μM. Unlike previous neuro-protective reports, as a warning or caution, our finding showcased a clue for possible NSCs toxicity and the neural lesions risk of U. rhynchophylla, while the structure-activity relationships of the isolated compounds were discussed also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Afsar Khan
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Ya-Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Fen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Förster T, López-Tosco S, Ziegler S, Antonchick AP, Waldmann H. Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of a Secoyohimbane-Inspired Compound Collection with Neuritogenic Activity. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1098-1108. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Förster
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Chemische Biologie; Fakultät Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Sara López-Tosco
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Andrey P. Antonchick
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Chemische Biologie; Fakultät Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Abteilung Chemische Biologie; Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Physiologie; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Chemische Biologie; Fakultät Chemie; Technische Universität Dortmund; Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a 44227 Dortmund Germany
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Metabolic Profile of Isocorynoxeine in Rats Obtained by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 41:615-26. [PMID: 26077124 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-015-0287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Isocorynoxeine (IC), a major alkaloid found in Uncaria rhynchophylla, exhibits wide beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and cardiocerebral vascular systems. Its metabolic pathway, however, has not been well studied yet. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (U-HPLC/Q-TOFMS) method was developed to investigate IC metabolism in plasma, urine and bile in rats given IC orally at 40 mg/kg. METHODS Nine male Wistar rats were given IC 40 mg/kg orally. Blood, urine and bile samples were collected at pre-specified times to measure the concentration of IC. RESULTS A total of 35 metabolites were tentatively identified by the co-chromatography of biosamples and comparison of the retention time, characteristic molecular ions and fragment ions with those of the authentic standards or tentatively identified by MS/MS determination along with MassFragment software. Among them, 18, 33 and 18 metabolites were found in plasma, urine and bile samples, respectively. The relative percentage area of each metabolite was also determined to better understand the major metabolic pathways of IC in rats. CONCLUSIONS The result indicates that IC undergoes extensive metabolism in vivo, mainly including hydrolysis, oxidation, isomerization, demethylation, epoxidation, reduction, glucuronidation, hydroxylation and N-oxidation, which is helpful for the further pharmacokinetic study of IC in vivo.
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Xian YF, Fan D, Ip SP, Mao QQ, Lin ZX. Antidepressant-Like Effect of Isorhynchophylline in Mice. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:678-685. [PMID: 27900600 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2124-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Isorhynchophylline (IRN), an oxindole alkaloid, has been identified as the main active ingredient responsible for the biological activities of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq) Miq ex Havil. (Rubiaceae). Previous studies in our laboratory have revealed that IRN possesses potent neuroprotective effects in different models of Alzheimer's disease. However, the antidepressant-like effects of IRN are remained unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the antidepressant-like effects of IRN. The antidepressant-like effects of IRN was determined by using animal models of depression including forced swimming and tail suspension tests. The acting mechanism was explored by determining the effect of IRN on the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and the activities of monoamine oxidases. Intragastric administration of IRN at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg for 7 days caused a significant reduction of immobility time in both forced swimming and tail suspension tests, while IRN did not stimulate locomotor activity in the open-field test. In addition, IRN treatment antagonized reserpine-induced ptosis and significantly enhanced the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters including norepinephrine (NE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and the activity of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice. These results suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of IRN are mediated, at least in part, by the inhibition of monoamine oxidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Fan
- Shenzhen Wellsoon Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qiu Mao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
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Pharmacokinetic study of isocorynoxeine metabolites mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes in rat and human liver microsomes. Fitoterapia 2016; 111:49-57. [PMID: 27094112 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Isocorynoxeine (ICN) is one of the major bioactive tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids found in Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks. that is widely used for the treatment of hypertension, vascular dementia, and stroke. The present study was undertaken to assess the plasma pharmacokinetic characteristics of major ICN metabolites, and the role of simulated gastric and intestinal fluid (SGF and SIF), human and rat liver microsomes (HLMs and RLMs), and seven recombinant human CYP enzymes in the major metabolic pathway of ICN. A rapid, sensitive and accurate UHPLC/Q-TOF MS method was validated for the simultaneous determination of ICN and its seven metabolites in rat plasma after oral administration of ICN at 40mg/kg. It was found that 18.19-dehydrocorynoxinic acid (DCA) and 5-oxoisocorynoxeinic acid (5-O-ICA) were both key and predominant metabolites, rather than ICN itself, due to the rapid and extensive metabolism of ICN in vivo. The further study indicated that ICN was mainly metabolized in human or rat liver, and CYPs 2C19, 3A4 and 2D6 were the major enzymes responsible for the biotransformation of ICN to DCA and 5-O-ICA in human. These findings are of significance in understanding of the pharmacokinetic nature of tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids, and provide helpful information for the clinical co-administration of the herbal preparations containing U. rhynchophylla with antihypertensive drugs that are mainly metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2C19.
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Wang W, Li B, Chen YP, Li MH, Hattori M. Optimized LC–ESI-ion trap MS to determine simultaneously isocorynoxeine and its phase I and II metabolites in rats with application to pharmacokinetics and mass balance investigation. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2015.1128441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
| | - Bo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ya Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Mei Hong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, P. R. China
| | - Masao Hattori
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan
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Zhang Q, Zhao JJ, Xu J, Feng F, Qu W. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:48-80. [PMID: 26091967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Uncaria belongs to the family Rubiaceae, which mainly distributed in tropical regions, such as Southeast Asia, Africa and Southeast America. Their leaves and hooks have long been thought to have healing powers and are already being tested as a treatment for asthma, cancer, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke and rheumatism. The present review aims to provide systematically reorganized information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the genus Uncaria to support for further therapeutic potential of this genus. To better understanding this genus, information on the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships in indole alkaloids is also represented. MATERIAL AND METHODS The literature study of this review is based on various databases search (SCIFinder, Science Direct, CNKI, Wiley online library, Spring Link, Web of Science, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Medalink, Google scholar, ACS, Tropicos, Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria, The New York Botanical Garden, African Plants Database at Genera Botanical Garden, The Plant List and SEINet) and library search for Biological Abstract and some local books on ethnopharmacology. RESULTS 19 species of the genus Uncaria are found to be important folk medicines in China, Malaysia, Phillippines, Africa and Southeast America, etc, and have been served for the treatment of asthma, rheumatism, hyperpyrexia, hypertension and headaches, etc. More than 200 compounds have been isolated from Uncaria, including indole alkaloids, triterpenes, flavonoids, phenols, phenylpropanoids, etc. As characteristic constituents, indole alkaloids have been considered as main efficacy component for hypertension, epilepsy, depressant, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, pharmacokinetic and metabolism investigation reveal that the indole alkaloids are likely to be absorbed, metabolized and excreted at early time points. Moreover, the specific inhibition of CYP isozymes can regulate their hydroxylation metabolites at C-10 and C-11. CONCLUSION Preliminary investigations on pharmacological properties of the Uncaria species have enlightened their efficacious remedy for hypertension, asthma, cancer, diabetes, rheumatism and neurodegenerative diseases. To ensure the safety and effectiveness in clinical application, research on bioactive compounds, pharmacological mechanisms and toxicity of the genus Uncaria as well as the stereo-chemistry and structure-activity relationships of indole alkaloids seem very important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Zhao
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Wei Qu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Chen YP, Lu MN, Hao JC, Li MH, Hattori M, Wang W. Metabolites of isocorynoxeine in rats after its oral administration. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2015; 17:384-390. [PMID: 25633191 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2014.1003182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the metabolites of isocorynoxeine (ICOR), which is one of four bioactive tetracyclic oxindole alkaloids isolated from Uncaria hooks used commonly in the traditional Chinese medicines and Kampo medicines. After oral administration of 40 mg kg(-1) ICOR to rats, bile was drained and analyzed by LC-MS. Two phase I metabolites, namely 11-hydroxyisocorynoxeine (M1) and 10-hydroxyisocorynoxeine (M2), and two phase II metabolites, namely 11-hydroxyisocorynoxeine 11-O-β-D-glucuronide (M3) and 10-hydroxyisocorynoxeine 10-O-β-D-glucuronide (M4), were isolated from rat excreta and bile, respectively, whose structures were elucidated on the basis of CD, NMR, and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Chen
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University , Kunming 650500 , China
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Chemical profiling with HPLC-FTMS of exogenous and endogenous chemicals susceptible to the administration of chotosan in an animal model of type 2 diabetes-induced dementia. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 104:21-30. [PMID: 25459756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, the daily administration of chotosan (CTS), a Kampo formula consisting of Uncaria and other 10 different crude drugs, ameliorated cognitive deficits in several animal models of dementia including type 2 diabetic db/db mice in a similar manner to tacrine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. The present study investigated the metabonomics of CTS in db/db mice, a type 2 diabetes model, and m/m mice, a non-diabetes control strain, to identify the exogenous and endogenous chemicals susceptible to the administration of CTS using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an orbitrap hybrid Fourier transform mass spectrometer. The results obtained revealed that the systemic administration of CTS for 20 days led to the distribution of Uncalia plant-derived alkaloids such as rhynchophylline, hirsuteine, and corynoxeine in the plasma and brains of db/db and m/m mice and induced alterations in four major metabolic pathways; i.e., (1) purine, (2) tryptophan, (3) cysteine and methionine, (4) glycerophospholipids in db/db mice. Moreover, glycerophosphocholine (GPC) levels in the plasma and brain were significantly higher in CTS-treated db/db mice than in vehicle-treated control animals. The results of the in vitro experiment using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures demonstrated that GPC (10-30 μM), as well as tacrine, protected hippocampal cells from N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity in a manner that was reversible with the muscarinic receptor antagonist scopolamine, whereas GPC had no effect on the activity of acetylcholinesterase in vitro. Our results demonstrated that some CTS constituents with neuropharmacological activity were distributed in the plasma and brain tissue following the systemic administration of CTS and may subsequently have affected some metabolic pathways including glycerophospholipid metabolism and cognitive function in db/db mice. Moreover, the present metabonomic analysis suggested that GPC is a putative endogenous chemical that may be involved in the tacrine-like actions of CTS in the present diabetic animal model.
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Xian YF, Su ZR, Chen JN, Lai XP, Mao QQ, Cheng CHK, Ip SP, Lin ZX. Isorhynchophylline improves learning and memory impairments induced by D-galactose in mice. Neurochem Int 2014; 76:42-9. [PMID: 24984171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Isorhynchophylline (IRN), an alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla, has been reported to improve cognitive impairment induced by beta-amyloid in rats. However, whether IRN could also ameliorate the D-galactose (D-gal)-induced mouse memory deficits is still not clear. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether IRN had potential protective effect against the D-gal-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Mice were given a subcutaneous injection of D-gal (100mg/kg) and orally administered IRN (20 or 40mg/kg) daily for 8weeks, followed by assessing spatial learning and memory function by the Morris water maze test. The results showed that IRN significantly improved spatial learning and memory function in the D-gal-treated mice. In the mechanistic studies, IRN significantly increased the level of glutathione (GSH) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while decreased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the brain tissues of the D-gal-treated mice. Moreover, IRN (20 or 40mg/kg) significantly inhibited the production of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), and the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the brain tissues of D-gal-treated mice. Our results amply demonstrated that IRN was able to ameliorate cognitive deficits induced by D-gal in mice, and the observed cognition-improving action may be mediated, at least in part, through enhancing the antioxidant status and anti-inflammatory effect of brain tissues via NFκB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zi-Ren Su
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Nan Chen
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qiu Mao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Christopher H K Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Siu-Po Ip
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Ma J, Cai J, Lin G, Chen H, Wang X, Wang X, Hu L. Development of LC–MS determination method and back-propagation ANN pharmacokinetic model of corynoxeine in rat. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 959:10-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Isorhynchophylline Protects PC12 Cells Against Beta-Amyloid-Induced Apoptosis via PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:163057. [PMID: 24319473 PMCID: PMC3836301 DOI: 10.1155/2013/163057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurotoxicity of amyloid- β (A β ) has been implicated as a critical cause of Alzheimer's disease. Isorhynchophylline (IRN), an oxindole alkaloid isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla, exerts neuroprotective effect against Aβ 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in vitro. However, the exact mechanism for its neuroprotective effect is not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of IRN against Aβ 25-35-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Pretreatment with IRN significantly increased the cell viability, inhibited the release of lactate dehydrogenase and the extent of DNA fragmentation in Aβ 25-35-treated cells. IRN treatment was able to enhance the protein levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (p-GSK-3 β ). Lithium chloride blocked Aβ 25-35-induced cellular apoptosis in a similar manner as IRN, suggesting that GSK-3 β inhibition was involved in neuroprotective action of IRN. Pretreatment with LY294002 completely abolished the protective effects of IRN. Furthermore, IRN reversed Aβ 25-35-induced attenuation in the level of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) and the effect of IRN could be blocked by the PI3K inhibitor. These experimental findings unambiguously suggested that the protective effect of IRN against Aβ 25-35-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells was associated with the enhancement of p-CREB expression via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 β signaling pathway.
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Matsumoto K, Zhao Q, Niu Y, Fujiwara H, Tanaka K, Sasaki-Hamada S, Oka JI. Kampo formulations, chotosan, and yokukansan, for dementia therapy: existing clinical and preclinical evidence. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 122:257-69. [PMID: 23883485 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13r03cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive deficits and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are typical features of patients with dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VD), and other forms of senile dementia. Clinical evidence has demonstrated the potential usefulness of chotosan (CTS) and yokukansan (YKS), traditional herbal formulations called Kampo medicines, in the treatment of cognitive disturbance and BPSD in dementia patients, although the indications targeted by CTS and YKS in Kampo medicine differ. The availability of CTS and YKS for treating dementia patients is supported by preclinical studies using animal models of dementia that include cognitive/emotional deficits caused by aging and diabetes, dementia risk factors. These studies have led not only to the concept of a neuronal basis for the CTS- and YKS-induced amelioration of cognitive function and emotional/psychiatric symptom-related behavior in animal models, but also to a proposal that ingredient(s) of Uncariae Uncis cum Ramulus, a medicinal herb included in CTS and YKS, may play an important role in the actions of these formulae in dementia patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the active ingredients of these formulae and their target endogenous molecules implicated in the anti-dementia drug-like actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinzo Matsumoto
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Japan.
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22
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Cai J, Lin C, Hu L, Lin G, Wang X, Ma J. DETERMINATION OF ISOCORYNOXEINE IN RAT PLASMA BY LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.717061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhang Cai
- a The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College , Wenzhou , China
| | - Chongliang Lin
- b The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College , Wenzhou , China
| | - Lufeng Hu
- b The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College , Wenzhou , China
| | - Guanyang Lin
- b The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xianqin Wang
- c Analytical and Testing Center of Wenzhou Medical College , Wenzhou , China
| | - Jianshe Ma
- d Function Experiment Teaching Center of Wenzhou Medical College , Wenzhou , China
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Ndagijimana A, Wang X, Pan G, Zhang F, Feng H, Olaleye O. A review on indole alkaloids isolated from Uncaria rhynchophylla and their pharmacological studies. Fitoterapia 2013; 86:35-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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JUNG HWANYONG, NAM KYONGNYON, WOO BYUNGCHOEL, KIM KYOOPIL, KIM SUNGOK, LEE EUNJOOH. Hirsutine, an indole alkaloid of Uncaria rhynchophylla, inhibits inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity and microglial activation. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:154-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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25
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Lo WY, Tsai FJ, Liu CH, Tang NY, Su SY, Lin SZ, Chen CC, Shyu WC, Hsieh CL. Uncaria rhynchophylla Upregulates the Expression of MIF and Cyclophilin A in Kainic Acid-Induced Epilepsy Rats: A Proteomic Analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 38:745-59. [PMID: 20626060 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x10008214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq) Jack (UR) is a traditional Chinese herb and is used for the treatment of convulsive disorders, including epilepsy. Our previous study has shown that UR, as well as its major component rhynchophylline (RH), has an anticonvulsive effect and this effect is closely related to its scavenging activities of oxygen free radicals. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of (UR) on the expression of proteins using a proteomics analysis in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with kainic acid (KA)-induced epileptic seizures. We profiled the differentially expressed proteins on two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) maps derived from the frontal cortex and hippocampus of rat brain tissue 24 hours after KA-induced epileptic seizures. The results indicated that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and cyclophilin A were under expressed in frontal cortex by an average of 0.19- and 0.23-fold, respectively. In the frontal cortex, MIF and cyclophilin A were significantly decreased in the KA group and these decreases were confirmed by the Western blots. However, in the hippocampus, only cyclophilin A was significantly decreased in the KA group. In addition, in real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR), MIF and cyclophilin A gene expressions were also significantly under expressed in the frontal cortex, and only the cyclophilin A gene was also significantly under expressed in the hippocampus in the KA group. These under expressions of MIF and cyclophilin A could be overcome by the treatment of UR and RH. In conclusion, the under expressions of MIF and cyclophilin A in the frontal cortex and hippocampus in KA-treated rats, which were overcome by both UR and UH treatment, suggesting that both MIF and cyclophilin A at least partly participate in the anticonvulsive effect of UR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Lo
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Su
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chung Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Neuropsychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Acupuncture Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsieh CL, Ho TY, Su SY, Lo WY, Liu CH, Tang NY. Uncaria rhynchophylla and Rhynchophylline Inhibit c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase Phosphorylation and Nuclear Factor-κB Activity in Kainic Acid-Treated Rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2012; 37:351-60. [PMID: 19507277 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x09006898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that Uncaria rhynchophylla (UR) can reduce epileptic seizures. We hypothesized that UR and its major component rhynchophylline (RH), reduce epileptic seizures in rats treated with kainic acid (KA) by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator-protein-1 (AP-1) activity, and by eliminating superoxide anions. Therefore, the level of superoxide anions and the DNA binding activities of NF-κB and AP-1 were measured. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pre-treated with UR (1.0 g/kg, i.p.), RH (0.25 mg/kg, i.p.), or valproic acid (VA, 250 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days and then KA was administered intra-peritoneal (i.p.). The results indicated that UR, RH, and VA can reduce epileptic seizures and the level of superoxide anions in the blood. Furthermore, KA was demonstrated to induce the DNA binding activities of NF-κB and AP-1. However, these inductions were inhibited by pre-treatment with UR, RH, or VA for 3 days. Moreover, UR and RH were shown to be involved in the suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation. This study suggested that UR and RH have antiepileptic effects in KA-induced seizures and are associated with the regulation of the innate immune system via a reduction in the level of superoxide anions, JNK phosphorylation, and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Acupuncture Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tin-Yun Ho
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Yu Su
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Nou-Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhou JY, Zhou SW. Isorhynchophylline: A plant alkaloid with therapeutic potential for cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases. Fitoterapia 2012; 83:617-26. [PMID: 22406453 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Uncaria species (Gouteng in Chinese) have been used as a plant medicine to treat ailments of cardiovascular and central nervous systems. As the main alkaloid constituent of Uncaria species, isorhynchophylline has drawn extensive attention toward antihypertensive and neuroprotective activities in recent years. Isorhynchophylline mainly acts on cardiovascular and central nervous systems diseases including hypertension, brachycardia, arrhythmia, and sedation, vascular dementia, and amnesia. Isorhynchophylline also has effects on anticoagulation, inhibition vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis and proliferation, anti-multidrug resistant of lung cells, anti-endotoxemic, and antispasmodic. The active mechanisms are related to modulation on calcium ion channel, protection neural and neuroglial cells against β-amyloid(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity and via inducing autophagy. As a candidate drug of several cardiovascular and central nervous systems diseases, isorhynchophylline will attract scientists to pursue the potential related pharmacological effects and its mechanism with new technologies. But relatively few clinical application of isorhynchophylline has been conducted on its pharmacological activities. It requires more in vivo validations and further investigations of antihypertensive and neuroprotective mechanisms of isorhynchophylline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yin Zhou
- Base for Drug Clinical Trial, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
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Protective Effect of Isorhynchophylline Against β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:353-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mizoguchi K, Shoji H, Tanaka Y, Tabira T. Ameliorative effect of traditional Japanese medicine yokukansan on age-related impairments of working memory and reversal learning in rats. Neuroscience 2010; 177:127-37. [PMID: 21195139 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Aging is thought to impair prefrontal cortical (PFC) structure-sensitive cognitive functions and flexibility, such as working memory and reversal learning. A traditional Japanese medicine, yokukansan (YKS), is frequently used to treat age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease in Japan, but its pharmacological properties have not been elucidated. The present study was designed to examine whether YKS improves age-related cognitive deficits using aged rats. YKS was administered to 21-month-old rats for 3 months. The ability to learn initially a reward rule for a T-maze discrimination task (initial learning) was examined in young control (4-month-old), aged control (24-month-old) and YKS-treated aged (24-month-old) rats. Subsequently, working memory and reversal learning were examined in delayed alternation and reversal discrimination T-maze tasks, respectively. Locomotor activity was also measured in new environments. Although performance accuracy in the initial learning procedure did not differ among any experimental groups, accuracy in the delayed alternation task was significantly decreased in aged rats compared to young rats. Aged rats also showed significant decreases in accuracy in the reversal discrimination task. YKS treatment significantly ameliorated the age-related decreases in accuracy in the delayed alternation and reversal discrimination tasks. The ameliorative effects of YKS on impaired delayed alternation performance were reduced by intracranial infusions of a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SCH 23390, into the prelimbic cortical region of the PFC, and the YKS effects on impaired reversal learning were done by the infusions into the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Locomotor activity did not change in any experimental group. Thus, YKS ameliorated age-related impairments of working memory and reversal learning, which might be mediated by a dopaminergic mechanism in the PFC structure. These investigations provide information important for the treatment of brain dysfunctions in the elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mizoguchi
- Section of Oriental Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, National Institute for Longevity Sciences, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology (NCGG), 36-3 Gengo, Morioka, Obu, Aichi 474-8522, Japan.
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Kim JH, Bae CH, Park SY, Lee SJ, Kim Y. Uncaria rhynchophylla Inhibits the Production of Nitric Oxide and Interleukin-1β Through Blocking Nuclear Factor κB, Akt, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation in Macrophages. J Med Food 2010; 13:1133-40. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.1128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwan Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungHee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Tohda M, Hang PTN, Kobayashi N, Matsumoto K. Serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) mRNA editing-induced down-regulation of 5-HT2CR function in Xenopus oocytes: the significance of site C editing. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 113:362-7. [PMID: 20668366 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10094fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) mRNA receives editing at 5 nucleotide positions (sites A-E) located in the sequence encoding the second intracellular loop of 5-HT2CR. 5-HT2CR mRNA without editing and with editing at sites AB, ABD, ABC, ABCD, and C are translated to 6 isoforms of 5-HT2CR: INI(non-edited), VNI(AB), VNV(ABD), VSI(ABC), VSV(ABCD), and ISI(C), respectively. In this study, we investigated electrophysiologically the ability of these isoforms to couple with the G protein/phospholipase C (PLC) system using Xenopus oocytes injected with edited 5-HT2CR RNAs and muscarinic M(1) receptor (M1R) RNA. The efficacy with which 5-HT stimulated each isoform was calculated by comparing 5-HT-induced current with 100 microM acetylcholine-induced M1R current. Stimulation with 5-HT of INI(non-edited), VNI(AB), VNV(ABD), VSI(ABC), VSV(ABCD), and ISI(C) expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed concentration-dependent responses with EC(50) values of 8.6, 17.2, 76,5, 22.0, 91.2, and 20.3 nM, respectively. No significant difference in the ability of 5-HT to induce currents among the oocytes expressing these isoforms was detected, but in the oocytes expressing VSI(ABC) or VSV(ABCD), 5-HT had a significantly reduced ability to induce currents. These results suggest that editing at site C together with sites A and B and/or D markedly reduces 5-HT2CR function by generating isoforms with reduced ability to activate PLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihisa Tohda
- Division of Medicinal Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Japan.
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Park ES, Lim Y, Hong JT, Yoo HS, Lee CK, Pyo MY, Yun YP. Pterostilbene, a natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol, inhibits rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation by blocking Akt-dependent pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:61-7. [PMID: 20398797 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main cellular component in the arterial wall, and abnormal proliferation of VSMCs plays a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty, and possibly in the development of hypertension. Pterostilbene, a natural dimethylated analog of resveratrol, is known to have diverse pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant activities. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of pterostilbene on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced VSMCs proliferation as well as the molecular mechanisms of the antiproliferative effects. The cell growth of VSMCs was determined by cell counting and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation assays. Pterostilbene significantly inhibited the DNA synthesis and proliferation of PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition percentages of pterostilbene at 1, 3 and 5microM to VSMCs proliferation were 68.5, 80.7 and 94.6%, respectively. The DNA synthesis of pterostilbene at 1, 3 and 5microM in VSMCs was inhibited by 47.4, 76.7 and 100%, respectively. Pterostilbene inhibited the PDGF-BB-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt kinase. However, pterostilbene did not change the expression of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2, PLCgamma1, phosphatidylinositol (PI)3 kinase and PDGF-Rbeta phosphorylation. In addition, pterostilbene down-regulated the cell cycle-related proteins including the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 2, cyclin E, CDK4, cyclin D1, retinoblastoma (Rb) proteins and proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). These findings suggest that the inhibition of pterostilbene to the cell proliferation and DNA synthesis of PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMCs may be mediated by the suppression of Akt kinase. Furthermore, pterostilbene may be a potential anti-proliferative agent for the treatment of atherosclerosis and angioplasty restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Seok Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, CBITRC, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Zhang F, Sun AS, Yu LM, Wu Q, Gong QH. Effects of isorhynchophylline on angiotensin II-induced proliferation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.12.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a crucial event in cardiovascular diseases. Isorhynchophylline, an alkaloid from a traditional Chinese medicine Gambirplant, has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of isorhynchophylline on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of rat VSMCs. VSMCs were isolated from rat artery and cultured for 14 days before experimentation. The effect of isorhynchophylline on Ang II-induced proliferation was evaluated by cell number, MTT assay and flow cytometry, and nitric oxide (NO) content and activity of NO synthase (NOS) were measured. The expression of proto-oncogene c-fos, osteopontin (OPN) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) mRNAs was measured by real-time RT-PCR. VSMC cultures were verified by morphology and immunostaining with α-smooth muscle actin. Isorhynchophylline (0.1–10.0 μM) was not toxic to VSMCs, but markedly decreased Ang II (1.0 μm)-enhanced cell number and MTT intensity, and blocked cell transition from G0/G1 to S phase. Furthermore, isorhynchophylline increased the NO content and NOS activity, and suppressed Ang II-induced over-expression of c-fos, OPN and PCNA. Thus, isorhynchophylline was effective against Ang-II induced cell proliferation, an effect that appears to be due, at least in part, to increased NO production, regulation of the cell cycle, and depressed expression of c-fos, OPN and PCNA related to VMSC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - An-Sheng Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Li-Mei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Qi-Hai Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi, 563000, China
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Wang W, Ma CM, Hattori M. Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics of Rhynchophylline in Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:669-76. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
| | - Masao Hattori
- Division of Metabolic Engineering, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama
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Yuan D, Ma B, Yang JY, Xie YY, Wang L, Zhang LJ, Kano Y, Wu CF. Anti-inflammatory effects of rhynchophylline and isorhynchophylline in mouse N9 microglial cells and the molecular mechanism. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 9:1549-54. [PMID: 19781666 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines from activated microglia contributes to human neurodegenerative disorders. Our previous study demonstrated the potent inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in rat primary microglial cells by rhynchophylline (RIN) and isorhynchophylline (IRN), a pair of isomeric alkaloids of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Miq.) Jacks. that has been used in China for centuries as a "cognitive enhancer" as well as to treat strokes. We further investigated whether RIN and IRN effectively suppress release of proinflammatory cytokines in LPS-activated microglial cells and the underling molecular mechanism for the inhibition of microglial activation. RIN and IRN concentration-dependently attenuated LPS-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-1beta as well as NO in mouse N9 microglial cells, with IRN showing more potent inhibition of microglial activation. The western blotting analysis indicated that the potential molecular mechanism for RIN or IRN-mediated attenuation was implicated in suppressions of iNOS protein level, phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPKs, and degradation of IkappaBalpha. In addition, the differential regulation of the three signaling pathways by two isomers was shown. Our results suggest that RIN and IRN may be effective therapeutic candidates for use in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Rd., Shenyang, 110016, China
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Tabuchi M, Yamaguchi T, Iizuka S, Imamura S, Ikarashi Y, Kase Y. Ameliorative effects of yokukansan, a traditional Japanese medicine, on learning and non-cognitive disturbances in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:157-162. [PMID: 19146938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THIS STUDY Aim of the present study is to clarify the effects of yokukansan (TJ-54) on learning and non-cognitive disturbances in the Tg2576 mouse expressing the human form of the APP695SWE (APP-Tg mice), which is considered to be an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Powdered diets containing 0.5 and 1.0% TJ-54 were given to the mice for 10 months (from 5 to 15 months old). The Morris water-maze test, elevated plus-maze test, and open-field test were performed for evaluation of learning and non-cognitive disturbances. RESULTS Treatment with 1.0% TJ-54 for 5 months shortened the time it took for APP-Tg positive (+) mice to reach the platform in the Morris water-maze test. In the elevated plus-maze test, treatment with 1.0% TJ-54 for 2 months significantly reduced the increased number of entries and the time spent in open arms observed in APP-Tg(+) mice. In an open-field test, treatment of 1.0% TJ-54 for 9 months significantly suppressed the increase in locomotion observed in APP-Tg(+) mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest the possibility that TJ-54 ameliorates learning deficits and non-cognitive defects including a decrease in the anxiety (or disinhibition) and an increase in locomotor activity (hyperactivity) observed in APP-Tg(+) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Tabuchi
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., 3586 Yoshiwara, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-1192, Japan.
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Yuan D, Ma B, Wu C, Yang J, Zhang L, Liu S, Wu L, Kano Y. Alkaloids from the leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla and their inhibitory activity on NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1271-1274. [PMID: 18588343 DOI: 10.1021/np8000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two new isomeric alkaloids, 18,19-dehydrocorynoxinic acid B (1) and 18,19-dehydrocorynoxinic acid (2), were isolated from the CHCl3 extract of the leaves of Uncaria rhynchophylla, together with four known rhynchophylline-type alkaloids, corynoxeine (3), isocorynoxeine (4), rhynchophylline (5), and isorhynchophylline (6), and an indole alkaloid glucoside, vincoside lactam (7). The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including UV, IR, HREIMS, 1D and 2D NMR, and CD experiments. The activity assay showed that compounds 3-6, with a C-16 carboxylic ester group, and 7 exhibited inhibitory activity on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO release in primary cultured rat cortical microglia (IC 50: 13.7-19.0 microM). However, only weak inhibitory activity was observed for compounds 1 and 2, with a C-16 carboxylic acid group (IC 50: >100 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yuan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shenyang Pharmaceutical UniVersity, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Kim TJ, Lee JH, Lee JJ, Yu JY, Hwang BY, Ye SK, Shujuan L, Gao L, Pyo MY, Yun YP. Corynoxeine Isolated from the Hook of Uncaria rhynchophylla Inhibits Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation through the Blocking of Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 1/2 Phosphorylation. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:2073-8. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tack-Joong Kim
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Biomaterials, Yonsei University
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
| | - Ji-Yeon Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
| | - Bang-Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University
| | | | - Li Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University
| | | | - Yeo-Pyo Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Research Center for Bioresource and Health, Chungbuk National University
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Jung JW, Ahn NY, Oh HR, Lee BK, Lee KJ, Kim SY, Cheong JH, Ryu JH. Anxiolytic effects of the aqueous extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 108:193-7. [PMID: 16829000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous extract of hooks with stem of Uncaria rhynchophylla using the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the hole-board apparatus in rats and mice. Control rats were treated with an equal volume of saline, and positive control rats with buspirone (1 mg/kg). Single or repeated treatments of the aqueous extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla (200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 7 days significantly increased the time-spent and entries into open arms of the EPM, and reduced the time-spent and entries into the closed arms versus saline controls (P<0.05). However, no changes in spontaneous locomotor activity or myorelaxant effects were observed versus saline controls. In the hole-board test, repeated treatment with the aqueous extract of Uncaria rhynchophylla (100 or 200 mg/kg/day, p.o.) significantly increased the number of head-dips (P<0.05). In addition, the anxiolytic-like effects of Uncaria rhynchophylla extract as assessed using the EPM test were abolished by WAY 100635 (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.), a 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist. These results suggest that Uncaria rhynchophylla is an effective anxiolytic agent, and acts via the serotonergic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Wook Jung
- Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoeki-dong, Dongdeamoon-ku, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Sucher NJ. Insights from molecular investigations of traditional Chinese herbal stroke medicines: implications for neuroprotective epilepsy therapy. Epilepsy Behav 2006; 8:350-62. [PMID: 16455305 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine is the most widely practiced form of herbalism worldwide. It is based on a sophisticated system of medical theory and practice that is distinctly different from orthodox Western scientific medicine. Most traditional therapeutic formulations consist of a combination of several drugs. The combination of multiple drugs is thought to maximize therapeutic efficacy by facilitating synergistic actions and ameliorating or preventing potential adverse effects while at the same time aiming at multiple targets. Orthodox drug therapy has been subject to critical analysis by the "evidence-based medicine" movement, and demands have been made that herbal medicine should be subject to the same kind of scrutiny. However, evaluation of the effectiveness of herbal medicines can be challenging, as their active components are often not known. Accordingly, it may be difficult to ensure that an herbal preparation used in clinical trials contains the components underlying its purported therapeutic effect. We reasoned that the identification of actions of herbal medicines at well-defined molecular targets and subsequent identification of chemical compounds underlying these molecular effects might serve as surrogate markers in the hypothesis-guided evaluation of their therapeutic efficacy. A research program was initiated to characterize in vitro molecular actions of a collection of 58 traditional Chinese drugs that are often used for the treatment of stroke. The results indicate that these drugs possess activity at disparate molecular targets in the signaling pathways involved in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated neuronal injury and death. Each herbal drug contains diverse families of chemical compounds, where each family comprises structurally related members that act with low affinity at multiple molecular targets. The data appear to support the multicomponent, multitarget approach of traditional Chinese medicine. Glutamate release and excessive stimulation of NMDA receptors cause status epilepticus-induced neuronal death and are involved in epileptogenesis. Therefore, these results are also relevant to the development of antiepileptogenic and neuroprotective therapy for seizures. The combination of principles of modern molecular medicine with certain ideas of traditional empirical Chinese medicine may be beneficial in translational medicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus J Sucher
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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