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Lin X, Dong L, Miao Q, Huang Z, Wang F. Cycloheptylprodigiosin from marine bacterium Spartinivicinus ruber MCCC 1K03745 T induces a novel form of cell death characterized by Golgi disruption and enhanced secretion of cathepsin D in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176608. [PMID: 38663542 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Prodiginines have been studied extensively for their anticancer activity, however, the majority of the research has focused on prodigiosin. In this study, cycloheptylprodigiosin (S-1) is extracted from marine bacterium Spartinivicinus ruber MCCC 1K03745T, and its anticancer property was investigated. It exhibits remarkable cytotoxicity against a panel of human lung cancer cell lines, with the IC50 values ranging from 84.89 nM to 661.2 nM. After 6 h of treatment, S-1 gradually accumulates on mitochondria and lysosomes. While lower doses of S-1 induce cell cycle arrest, treatment with higher doses results in cell death in apoptotic independent manner in both NCI-H1299 and NCI-H460 cell lines. Interestingly, treatment with S-1 leads to the accumulation of LC3B-II via pathways that vary among different cell lines. In addition to its role as an autophagy inhibitor, S-1 also promotes autophagy initiation as demonstrated by the increment of EGFP fragment in the EGFP-LC3 degradation assay, however, inhibition of autophagy does not rescue cells from death induced by S-1. Mechanistically, S-1 impairs autophagic flux through disrupting acidic lysosomal pH and blocking the maturation of cathepsin D. Moreover, treatment with S-1 enhanced secretion of both pro- and mature forms of cathepsin D, coincident with disintegration of trans-Golgi network. Interestingly, S-1 does not induce ferroptosis, pyroptosis or necroptosis in NCI-H1299 cells. However, treatment of NCI-H460 cells with S-1 induces methuosis, which can be suppressed by Rac1 inhibitor EHT 1864. Our data demonstrate that S-1 is an effective anticancer agent with potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Lin
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Le Dong
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Qing Miao
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Zhaobin Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China; College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
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2
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Yang HA, Han TH, Haam K, Lee KS, Kim J, Han TS, Lee MS, Ban HS. Prodigiosin regulates cancer metabolism through interaction with GLUT1. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38913075 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2367241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
In contrast to normal cells, cancer cells predominantly utilise glycolysis for ATP generation under aerobic conditions, facilitating proliferation and metastasis. Targeting glycolysis is effective for cancer treatment. Prodigiosin (PDG) is a natural compound with various bioactivities, including anticancer effects. However, the precise action mechanisms and molecular targets of PDG, which has demonstrated efficacy in regulating glucose metabolism in cancer cells, remain elusive. Here, we aimed to investigate the anti-cancer activity of PDG and mechanism in cancer metabolism. PDG regulated cancer metabolism by suppressing intracellular ATP production rate and levels. It inhibited glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, impeding ATP production dependent on both glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration. Moreover, it inhibited cellular glucose uptake by directly interacting with glucose transporter 1 without affecting its mRNA or protein levels in HCT116 cells. We provide insights into the anti-cancer effects of PDG mediated via cancer metabolism regulation, suggesting its therapeutic potential for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-A Yang
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Han
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keeok Haam
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soo Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Kim
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Su Han
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seung Ban
- Biotherapeutics Translational Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Lu Y, Liu D, Jiang R, Li Z, Gao X. Prodigiosin: unveiling the crimson wonder - a comprehensive journey from diverse bioactivity to synthesis and yield enhancement. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1412776. [PMID: 38903802 PMCID: PMC11188435 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1412776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG) is a red tripyrrole pigment from the prodiginine family that has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent biological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial and anti-algal activities. The synthesis and production of PG is of particular significance, as it has the potential to be utilized in a number of applications, including those pertaining to clinical drug development, food safety, and environmental management. This paper provides a systematic review of recent research on PG, covering aspects like chemical structure, bioactivity, biosynthesis, gene composition and regulation, and optimization of production conditions, with a particular focus on the biosynthesis and regulation of PG in Serratia marcescens. This provides a solid theoretical basis for the drug development and production of PG, and is expected to promote the further development of PG in medicine and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Lu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Derun Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Renhui Jiang
- Jinan Vocational College of Nursing, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyun Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xueyan Gao
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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4
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Nguyen SLT, Nguyen THT, Do TT, Nguyen TT, Le TH, Nguyen TAT, Kimata Y. Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress by Prodigiosin in Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1768-1776. [PMID: 38534732 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46030116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by numerous bacterial species, exerts various antibiotic effects on prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. For instance, human carcinoma cell lines appear to suffer from endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the presence of prodigiosin. Here, we demonstrated that prodigiosin also triggers the unfolded-protein response (UPR), which is a cytoprotective response against ER stress, in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An S. cerevisiae mutant carrying a UPR-deficient mutation was hypersensitive to prodigiosin. Our observations cumulatively indicate that protein folding in the ER is impaired by prodigiosin, illustrating a new mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy Le Thanh Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi 10600, Vietnam
| | - Thi Hien Trang Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi 10600, Vietnam
| | - Thi Tuyen Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi 10600, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thao Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi 10600, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Hoang Le
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi 10600, Vietnam
| | - Thi Anh Tuyet Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Caugiay District, Hanoi 10600, Vietnam
| | - Yukio Kimata
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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Pineda-Castellanos ML, Santa-Olalla-Tapia J, de C Gutiérrez M, González-Maya L, Sánchez-Carranza JN, Nuñez-Valdez ME. Identification of a cytotoxic factor from a non-pigmented entomopathogenic Serratia marcescens isolate toxic towards human carcinoma cell lines. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:103. [PMID: 36867264 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that cell-free culture broths and some proteins from pigmented and non-pigmented Serratia spp. are cytotoxic towards cancerous and non-cancerous human cell lines. Looking for new molecules toxic against human cancerous cells but harmless towards normal human cells, the aim of this work was (a) to determine whether cell-free broths from the entomopathogenic non-pigmented S. marcescens 81 (Sm81), S. marcescens 89 (Sm89) and S. entomophila (SeMor4.1) presented cytotoxic activity towards human carcinoma cell lines; (b) to identify and purify the associated cytotoxic factor(s) and (c) to evaluate whether the cytotoxic factor(s) was cytotoxic towards non-cancerous human cells. This research was focussed on the observed morphology changes and the proportion of remaining viable cells after incubation in the presence of cell-free culture broths from the Serratia spp isolates to evaluate cytotoxic activity. The results showed that broths from both S. marcescens isolates presented cytotoxic activity and induced cytopathic-like effects on the human neuroblastoma CHP-212 and the breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. Slight cytotoxicity was observed in the SeMor4.1 broth. A serralysin-like protein of 50 kDa was identified in Sm81 broth as responsible for cytotoxic activity after purification by ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography followed by tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The serralysin-like protein was toxic against CHP-212 (neuroblastoma), SiHa (human cervical carcinoma) and D-54 (human glioblastoma) cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and showed no cytotoxic activity in primary cultures of normal non-cancerous human keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Therefore, this protein should be evaluated for a potential use as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica L Pineda-Castellanos
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Jesús Santa-Olalla-Tapia
- Laboratorio de Biología de Células Troncales, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - María de C Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leticia González-Maya
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Jessica N Sánchez-Carranza
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, México
| | - M Eugenia Nuñez-Valdez
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Molecular, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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Grenade NL, Chiriac DS, Pasternak ARO, Babulic JL, Rowland BE, Howe GW, Ross AC. Discovery of a Tambjamine Gene Cluster in Streptomyces Suggests Convergent Evolution in Bipyrrole Natural Product Biosynthesis. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:223-229. [PMID: 36599132 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While bacterial natural products are a valuable source of therapeutics, the molecules produced by most biosynthetic gene clusters remain unknown. Tambjamine YP1, produced by Pseudoalteromonas tunicata, is partially derived from fatty acids siphoned from primary metabolism. A structurally similar tambjamine produced by Streptomyces, BE-18591, had not been linked to a gene cluster. Using enzymes putatively implicated in the construction of these two tambjamines, we used sequence similarity networks and gene knockout experiments to identify the biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of tambjamine BE-18591 in Streptomyces albus. Despite the structural similarities between YP1 and BE-18591, the biosynthesis of the alkylamine tails of these molecules differs significantly, with the S. albus gene cluster putatively encoding a dedicated system for the construction of the fatty acid precursor to BE-18591. These different pathways in Pseudoalteromonas and Streptomyces suggest that evolutionary convergence is operative, with similar selective pressures leading to the emergence of structurally similar tambjamine natural products using different biosynthetic logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil L Grenade
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Dragos S Chiriac
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A R Ola Pasternak
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Babulic
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bronwyn E Rowland
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Graeme W Howe
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Avena C Ross
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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7
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Arokia Femina T, Barghavi V, Archana K, Swethaa NG, Maddaly R. Non-uniformity in in vitro drug-induced cytotoxicity as evidenced by differences in IC 50 values - implications and way forward. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 119:107238. [PMID: 36521817 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2022.107238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines have proven indispensable for in vitro experiments and their utility as experimental models range from understanding the fundamental cell functioning to drug discovery. One of the most common utility of cell lines is for in vitro drug testing. Drug testing involves determining the cytotoxic effects of the drugs and such a measurement is expressed as the IC50 values of drugs. Although determination of IC50 values of drugs on cell lines is one of the most common in vitro experimental approaches, a significant amount of variations can be observed in the results obtained from such studies. Although the variations in the IC50 values of a drug on different cells lines can and should vary, the non-uniformity of such results reported from different studies using a particular drug on a specific cell line is a matter of concern. We present the IC50 values of 5 most commonly used drugs 5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, cisplatin, doxorubicin and methotrexate obtained from several in vitro cell line-based studies. Some of the factors which contribute to the non-uniformity of the IC50 values for a particular drug from different studies are discussed as three types of factors, the biological, non-biological and human factors. Also, ways in which such variations can be reduced to obtain universally common, reliable results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arokia Femina
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - V Barghavi
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - K Archana
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India
| | - N G Swethaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Ravi Maddaly
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600116, India.
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Anwar MM, Albanese C, Hamdy NM, Sultan AS. Rise of the natural red pigment 'prodigiosin' as an immunomodulator in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:419. [PMID: 36577970 PMCID: PMC9798661 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease with multifaceted drug resistance mechanisms (e.g., tumour microenvironment [TME], tumour heterogeneity, and immune evasion). Natural products are interesting repository of bioactive molecules, especially those with anticancer activities. Prodigiosin, a red pigment produced by Serratia marcescens, possesses inherent anticancer characteristics, showing interesting antitumour activities in different cancers (e.g., breast, gastric) with low or without harmful effects on normal cells. The present review discusses the potential role of prodigiosin in modulating and reprogramming the metabolism of the various immune cells in the TME, such as T and B lymphocytes, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), natural killer (NK) cells, and tumour-associated dendritic cells (TADCs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) which in turn might introduce as an immunomodulator in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Moustapha Anwar
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Chris Albanese
- grid.516085.f0000 0004 0606 3221Oncology and Radiology Departments, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, D.C. USA
| | - Nadia M. Hamdy
- Department of Biochemistry, Ain Shams Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Sultan
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Synthesis, Anticancer Potential and Comprehensive Toxicity Studies of Novel Brominated Derivatives of Bacterial Biopigment Prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123729. [PMID: 35744855 PMCID: PMC9227013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosins (prodiginines) are a class of bacterial secondary metabolites with remarkable biological activities and color. In this study, optimized production, purification, and characterization of prodigiosin (PG) from easily accessible Serratia marcescens ATCC 27117 strain has been achieved to levels of 14 mg/L of culture within 24 h. Furthermore, environmentally friendly bromination of produced PG was used to afford both novel mono- and dibrominated derivatives of PG. PG and its Br derivatives showed anticancer potential with IC50 values range 0.62–17.00 µg/mL for all tested cancer cell lines and induction of apoptosis but low selectivity against healthy cell lines. All compounds did not affect Caenorhabditiselegans at concentrations up to 50 µg/mL. However, an improved toxicity profile of Br derivatives in comparison to parent PG was observed in vivo using zebrafish (Danio rerio) model system, when 10 µg/mL applied at 6 h post fertilization caused death rate of 100%, 30% and 0% by PG, PG-Br, and PG-Br2, respectively, which is a significant finding for further structural optimizations of bacterial prodigiosins. The drug-likeness of PG and its Br derivatives was examined, and the novel Br derivatives obey the Lipinski’s “rule of five”, with an exemption of being more lipophilic than PG, which still makes them good targets for further structural optimization.
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10
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Islan GA, Rodenak-Kladniew B, Noacco N, Duran N, Castro GR. Prodigiosin: a promising biomolecule with many potential biomedical applications. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14227-14258. [PMID: 35734783 PMCID: PMC9342244 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2084498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigments are among the most fascinating molecules found in nature and used by human civilizations since the prehistoric ages. Although most of the bio-dyes reported in the literature were discovered around the eighties, the necessity to explore novel compounds for new biological applications has made them resurface as potential alternatives. Prodigiosin (PG) is an alkaloid red bio-dye produced by diverse microorganisms and composed of a linear tripyrrole chemical structure. PG emerges as a really interesting tool since it shows a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, algicidal, anti-Chagas, anti-amoebic, antimalarial, anticancer, antiparasitic, antiviral, and/or immunosuppressive. However, PG vehiculation into different delivery systems has been proposed since possesses low bioavailability because of its high hydrophobic character (XLogP3-AA = 4.5). In the present review, the general aspects of the PG correlated with synthesis, production process, and biological activities are reported. Besides, some of the most relevant PG delivery systems described in the literature, as well as novel unexplored applications to potentiate its biological activity in biomedical applications, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- German A Islan
- Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata)Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Centro de Investigación y , La Plata, Argentina
| | - Boris Rodenak-Kladniew
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET-UNLP, CCT-La Plata, La Plata, Pcia de Bueos aires, Argentina
| | - Nehuen Noacco
- Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP) -CONICET (CCT La Plata)Laboratorio de Nanobiomateriales, Centro de Investigación y , La Plata, Argentina
| | - Nelson Duran
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Biological Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Nanomedicine Research Unit (Nanomed), Federal University of Abc (Ufabc), Santo André, Brazil
| | - Guillermo R Castro
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, Biological Institute, Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,. Partner Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry (MPIbpC, MPG). Centro de Estudios Interdisciplinarios (CEI), Universidad Nacional de RosarioMax Planck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics of Rosario (MPLbioR, UNR-MPIbpC), Rosario, Argentina
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11
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Study on the Anticancer Activity of Prodigiosin from Variants of Serratia Marcescens QBN VTCC 910026. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4053074. [PMID: 35509712 PMCID: PMC9061010 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4053074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (Pg), a secondary metabolism produced by numerous bacterial species, is known as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, immunosuppressant, antioxidant, antimalarial properties. Pg has been tested for antitumor activity in many different cancer cell lines but studies in LU-1, KB cell lines, and tumor-bearing mice are still limited. In this study, Serratia marcescens QBN VTCC 910026 strain (GenBank: KX674054.1) was mutated using Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) to increase the production of Pg. One strain known as EMS 5 was capable of increasing prodigiosin biosynthetic yield by 52% when compared to the wild-type strain. Red bacterial pigmented colonies containing Pg were collected from solid media, lysed with acetone, purified with toluene: ethyl acetate at a ratio of 9: 1 (v/v), and then used to evaluate the potential anticancer activity. The purity of Pg was confirmed using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method which indicated a 98% rate. Pg chemical formula which was determined using 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, confirmed as prodigiosin (Pg). Human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, oropharyngeal cancer KB, and particularly lung cancer LU-1 in vitro were used to test the anticancer activity of purified Pg compound. It showed a strong inhibitory ability in all the cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the isolated Pg had capable of inhibiting tumor growth, the tumor volume decreased by 36.82%, after 28 days. The results indicated that the bacterial prodigiosin from variants Serratia marcescens QBN VTCC 910026 strain is an encouraging fragment suitable for therapeutic applications.
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12
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Butylcycloheptylprodigiosin and undecylprodigiosin are potential photosensitizer candidates for photodynamic cancer therapy. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:5965-5975. [PMID: 34331180 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06598-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prodiginines are bacterial red polypyrrole pigments and multifaceted secondary metabolites. These agents have anti-proliferative, immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. Recent analysis revealed that prodigiosin hypersensitizes Serratia marcescens to gamma radiation. In the present study, we report the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity properties of undecylprodigiosin and butylcycloheptylprodigiosin in the presence and absence of radiation through the MTT and alkaline comet experiments. METHODS AND RESULTS Findings demonstrated that undecylprodigiosin was at least a fivefold more cytotoxic at low radiation doses (1 and 3 Gy) on both MCF7 and HDF lines rather than in the absence or high radiation doses (5 Gy) (P value < 0.05). Although butylcycloheptylprodigiosin toxicity on MCF7 and HDF was dose-dependent, it was not influenced by any radiation doses (P value > 0.05). Comet findings confirmed that these compounds' genotoxicity is only dose-dependent. Radiation had no significant effects on DNA damage on any of the cells (P value > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In general, it can be concluded that the prodiginines are cytotoxic agents that act as a double-edged sword, radiosensitizers and radio-protective, respectively at low and high radiation doses in cancer treatment process. As the results they could be used in antitumor therapies very soon.
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Godzieba M, Ciesielski S. Natural DNA Intercalators as Promising Therapeutics for Cancer and Infectious Diseases. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:19-32. [PMID: 31589125 DOI: 10.2174/1568009619666191007112516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and infectious diseases are one of the greatest challenges of modern medicine. An unhealthy lifestyle, the improper use of drugs, or their abuse are conducive to the increase of morbidity and mortality caused by these diseases. The imperfections of drugs currently used in therapy for these diseases and the increasing problem of drug resistance have forced a search for new substances with therapeutic potential. Throughout history, plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms have been rich sources of biologically active compounds. Even today, despite the development of chemistry and the introduction of many synthetic chemotherapeutics, a substantial part of the new compounds being tested for treatment are still of natural origin. Natural compounds exhibit a great diversity of chemical structures, and thus possess diverse mechanisms of action and molecular targets. Nucleic acids seem to be a good molecular target for substances with anticancer potential in particular, but they may also be a target for antimicrobial compounds. There are many types of interactions of small-molecule ligands with DNA. This publication focuses on the intercalation process. Intercalators are compounds that usually have planar aromatic moieties and can insert themselves between adjacent base pairs in the DNA helix. These types of interactions change the structure of DNA, leading to various types of disorders in the functioning of cells and the cell cycle. This article presents the most promising intercalators of natural origin, which have aroused interest in recent years due to their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Godzieba
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Sloneczna 45 G, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Slawomir Ciesielski
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. Sloneczna 45 G, 10-917 Olsztyn, Poland
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14
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Niakani M, Majd A, Pakzad P, Malekinejad H. Prodigiosin induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cell. Res Pharm Sci 2020; 16:26-34. [PMID: 33953772 PMCID: PMC8074807 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.305186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) as a myeloproliferative disease is characterized by increased cellularity of bone marrow. Implementing the latest treatment protocols is currently accompanied by serious and life-threatening side effects. There are worldwide attempts to find new effective and potent therapeutic agents with minimal side effects on CML patients. This in vitro study was carried out to discover the potential antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of naturally produced prodigiosin (PDG) on K562 cells as an accepted model of CML. Experimental approach: The anti-proliferative effect of PDG was measured by MTT assay. To highlight the mechanism of cytotoxicity, the apoptotic cell death pathway was investigated by morphological and biochemical assessments. The dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining technique and western blotting method were applied to assess the mechanism of the potential apoptotic impact of PDG on K562 cells. Findings/Results: PDG-induced time- and concentration-dependent anti-proliferative effects were revealed with an estimated IC50 value of 54.06 μM. The highest cell viability reduction (60%) was recorded in cells, which were exposed to 100 μM concentration. Further assays demonstrated that in the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method the cell population in the late apoptosis phase was increased in a concentration-dependent manner, which was confirmed with remarkable DNA fragmentation. Conclusion and implications: We found that the PDG-induced apoptosis in K562 cells is mediated through the caspase-3 activation both in mRNA and protein levels. Our results suggest that PDG could be a potent compound for further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies in the in vivo model of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Niakani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Ahmad Majd
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Parviz Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Hassan Malekinejad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran.,Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
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15
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Barros-Nepomuceno FWA, de Araújo Viana D, Pinheiro DP, de Cássia Evangelista de Oliveira F, Magalhães Ferreira J, R de Queiroz MG, Ma X, Cavalcanti BC, Pessoa C, Banwell MG. The Effects of the Alkaloid Tambjamine J on Mice Implanted with Sarcoma 180 Tumor Cells. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:420-428. [PMID: 32886437 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The tambjamines are a small group of bipyrrolic alkaloids that, collectively, display a significant range of biological activities including antitumor, antimicrobial and immunosuppressive properties. The key objective of the present study was to undertake preclinical assessments of tambjamine J (T-J) so as to determine its in vivo antitumor effects. To that end, sarcoma 180 cells were transplanted in mice and the impacts of the title compound then evaluated using a range of protocols including hematological, biochemical, histopathological, genotoxic and clastogenic assays. As a result it was established that this alkaloid has a significant therapeutic window and effectively reduces tumor growth (by 40 % and 79 % at doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg/day, respectively). In this regard it displays similar antitumor activity to the anticancer agent cyclophosphamide and alters animal weight in an analogous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Washington A Barros-Nepomuceno
- Institute of Health Sciences, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Acarape, 62.785-000, CE, Brazil.,Center for Research and Drug Development, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.430.275, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Araújo Viana
- PATHOVET Laboratory, Pathological Anatomy and Veterinary Clinic, Fortaleza, 60.020.001, CE, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pascoalino Pinheiro
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.430.275, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Jamile Magalhães Ferreira
- Institute of Health Sciences, University for International Integration of the Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Acarape, 62.785-000, CE, Brazil.,Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Goretti R de Queiroz
- Clinical and Toxicological Analysis Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Odontology and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.714.903, CE, Brazil
| | - Xinghua Ma
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.430.275, CE, Brazil
| | - Claudia Pessoa
- Center for Research and Drug Development, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60.430.275, CE, Brazil
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.,Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis, Jinan University, Zhuhai, 519070, Guangdong, China
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16
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Zhang Y, Shang R, Zhang J, Li J, Zhu G, Yao M, Sun J, Shen Z. Isolation and identification of two Serratia marcescens strains from silkworm, Bombyx mori. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1313-1321. [PMID: 32607923 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01442-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial septicemia commonly occurs and usually cause huge losses in sericulture industry. Here, two pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from dead silkworm and named as ZJ-1 and ZJ-2. Phenotypic and genotypic analysis results revealed that both of these two strains are closely related to Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens). The morphological as well as physiological and biochemical characteristics of ZJ-1 were accordant with S. marcescens mentioned in Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, whereas ZJ-2 showed some discrepancies such as the utilization of malonate and starch, fermentation of maltose and sucrose, and tests of urease, etc. Surprisingly, ZJ-2 could produce red pigment at high temperature (37°) but ZJ-1 could not. Besides, by analyzing the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) of ZJ-1 and ZJ-2, it was found that the virulence of ZJ-2 was lower than that of ZJ-1. These results revealed that ZJ-1 and ZJ-2 were two different strains of S. marcescens and that ZJ-2 was expected to be a safe (low-toxicity) and efficient strain for the production of red pigment. Nonetheless, further research in molecular level is needed to understand the regulation mechanism of pigment production and infection of ZJ-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China.,The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212021, China.,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhenjiang, 212021, China.,Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - Ruisha Shang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Junhao Li
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Mingshuai Yao
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Jiancheng Sun
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212021, China. .,The Sericultural Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang, 212021, China. .,Key Laboratory of Silkworm and Mulberry Genetic Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhenjiang, 212021, China.
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17
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Lapenda JCL, Alves VP, Adam ML, Rodrigues MD, Nascimento SC. Cytotoxic Effect of Prodigiosin, Natural Red Pigment, Isolated from Serratia marcescens UFPEDA 398. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:182-195. [PMID: 32255851 PMCID: PMC7105545 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite, with red pigmentation, produced by Serratia marcescens. Red pigment is a natural alkaloid whose chemical structure has three pyrrole rings. Prodigiosin has been described for several biological activities, including antitumor, inducing apotosis in T and B lymphocytes. This work aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of prodigiosin in NCHI-292, HEp-2, MCF-7 and HL-60 tumor cell lines. The red pigment was isolated from Serratia marcescens UFPEDA 398 biomass whose fractions were previously separated by column chromatography, purified, identified and further characterized by GC-MS and compared with the computerized library of m/z values. The pigment corresponded to prodigiosin with maximum absorption at 534 nm, molecular weight 323 and structural formula C20H25N3O. During the prodigiosin purification process a purple absorbance fraction at 272.65 nm was also observed. Significant cytotoxic effects of prodigiosin were evidenced for NCHI-292, Hep-2, MCF-7 and HL-60 tumor cell lines. The isolated purple fraction had no cytotoxic effect (IC50 11.3 µg/mL) when compared to prodigiosin (IC50 3.4 µg/mL) for the tumor cell lines studied. The MCF-7 strain was slightly more pigment resistant (IC50 5.1 µg/mL). Therefore, further studies will be needed to elucidate the antitumor mechanisms of prodigiosin action against tumor strains from flow cytometry tests. However, although these data are preliminary, it was evidenced that prodigiosin showed cytotoxic activity in tumor cell lines suggesting promising antitumor properties. In this sense, future studies on the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of prodigiosin produced by S. marcecsens UFPEDA 398 are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. C. L. Lapenda
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - V. P. Alves
- Immunology Laboratory, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - M. L. Adam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Academic Center of Vitória, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - M. D. Rodrigues
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
| | - S. C. Nascimento
- Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE Brazil
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18
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Guryanov I, Naumenko E, Akhatova F, Lazzara G, Cavallaro G, Nigamatzyanova L, Fakhrullin R. Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Prodigiosin@halloysite Nanoformulation. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:424. [PMID: 32528938 PMCID: PMC7264093 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosin, a bioactive secondary metabolite produced by Serratia marcescens, is an effective proapoptotic agent against various cancer cell lines, with little or no toxicity toward normal cells. The hydrophobicity of prodigiosin limits its use for medical and biotechnological applications, these limitations, however, can be overcome by using nanoscale drug carriers, resulting in promising formulations for target delivery systems with great potential for anticancer therapy. Here we report on prodigiosin-loaded halloysite-based nanoformulation and its effects on viability of malignant and non-malignant cells. We have found that prodigiosin-loaded halloysite nanotubes inhibit human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and human colon carcinoma (HCT116) cells proliferative activity. After treatment of Caco-2 cells with prodigiosin-loaded halloysite nanotubes, we have observed a disorganization of the F-actin structure. Comparison of this effects on malignant (Caco-2, HCT116) and non-malignant (MSC, HSF) cells suggests the selective cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of prodigiosin-HNTs nanoformulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Guryanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Naumenko
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Farida Akhatova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM, Florence, Italy
| | - Läysän Nigamatzyanova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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19
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Lin SR, Chen YH, Tseng FJ, Weng CF. The production and bioactivity of prodigiosin: quo vadis? Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:828-836. [PMID: 32251776 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Prodigiosin (PG), a red tripyrrole pigment, belongs to a member of the prodiginine family and is normally secreted by various sources including Serratia marcescens and other Gram-negative bacteria. The studies of PG have received innovative devotion as a result of reported antimicrobial, larvicidal and anti-nematoid immunomodulation and antitumor properties, owing to its antibiotic and cytotoxic activities. This review provides a comprehensive summary of research undertaken toward the isolation and structural elucidation of the prodiginine family of natural products. Additionally, the current evidence-based understanding of the biological activities and medicinal potential of PG is employed to determine the efficacy, with some reports of information related to pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shian-Ren Lin
- Graduated Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11041, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 94450, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Jen Tseng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Armed Force General Hospital, Hualien 97144, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- The Center of Translational Medicine, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China; Institute of Respiratory Disease, Department of Basic Medical Science, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, Fujian, China.
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20
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Kristiana R, Bedoux G, Pals G, Mudianta IW, Taupin L, Marty C, Asagabaldan MA, Ayuningrum D, Trianto A, Bourgougnon N, Radjasa OK, Sabdono A, Hanafi M. Bioactivity of compounds secreted by symbiont bacteria of Nudibranchs from Indonesia. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8093. [PMID: 31915568 PMCID: PMC6942679 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this work are to isolate bacterial symbionts from nudibranchs and subsequently to determine anti-Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), cytotoxicity and anti-Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) activities of bio compounds. A total of 15 species of nudibranchs were collected from Karimunjawa and five species from Bali, respectively. A total of 245 bacteria isolates were obtained. The anti-MRSA activity screening activity indicated two active bacteria. Ethyl acetate extracts from supernatants, indicating extracelullar compounds, showed an inhibition zone against MRSA at concentrations of 500–1,000 µg/ml. DNA sequence analysis showed that the strain KJB-07 from Phyllidia coelestis was closely related to Pseudoalteromonas rubra, whereas the strain NP31-01 isolated from Phyllidia varicosa was closely related to Virgibacillus salarius. The extract of Pseudoalteromonas rubra was cytotoxic to Vero cells at a concentration of 75 µg/ml. The extract of V. salarius presented no cytotoxicity at concentrations of 5–1,000 µg/ml. No anti HSV-1 was observed for both isolated bacteria. This is the first study describing research on anti-MRSA, cytotoxicity and anti HSV-1 activity of bacterial symbionts from the viscera of nudibranch. Compounds produced by Pseudoalteromonas rubra and V. salarius, had potential anti-MRSA activity. However, only extracts from Pseudoalteromonas rubra showed cytotoxic effects on Vero cells. Three compounds were identified by LC/MS after purification from culture supernatant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhesi Kristiana
- Department of Coastal Resources Management, Universities Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Gilles Bedoux
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Chemistry, Université de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, Bretagne, France
| | - Gerard Pals
- Center for Connective Tissue research, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I Wayan Mudianta
- Chemical Analysis Study Program, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Laure Taupin
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Chemistry, Université de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, Bretagne, France
| | - Christel Marty
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Chemistry, Université de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, Bretagne, France
| | | | - Diah Ayuningrum
- Department of Coastal Resources Management, Universities Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia.,Department of Aquatic Resource Management, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Agus Trianto
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universities Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Nathalie Bourgougnon
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Chemistry, Université de Bretagne Sud, Vannes, Bretagne, France
| | - Ocky Karna Radjasa
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universities Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Agus Sabdono
- Department of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universities Diponegoro, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Hanafi
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences., Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Pancasila University, Srengseng Sawah Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
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Targeted Delivery Prodigiosin to Choriocarcinoma by Peptide-Guided Dendrigraft Poly-l-lysines Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215458. [PMID: 31683965 PMCID: PMC6862698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The available and effective therapeutic means to treat choriocarcinoma is seriously lacking, mainly due to the toxic effects caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Accordingly, we developed a method for targeting delivery of chemotherapeutical drugs only to cancer cells, not normal cells, in vivo, by using a synthetic placental chondroitin sulfate (CSA)-binding peptide (plCSA-BP) derived from malarial protein VAR2CSA. A 28 amino acids placental CSA-binding peptide (plCSA-BP) from the VAR2CSA was synthesized as a guiding peptide for tumor-targeting delivery, dendrigraft poly-L-lysines (DGL) was modified with plCSA-BP and served as a novel targeted delivery carrier. Choriocarcinoma was selected to test the effect of targeted delivery carrier, and prodigiosin isolated from Serratia marcescens subsp. lawsoniana was selected as a chemotherapeutical drug and encapsulated in the DGL modified by the plCSA-BP nanoparticles (DGL/CSA-PNPs). DGL/CSA-PNPs had a sustained slow-release feature at pH 7.4, which could specifically bind to the JEG3 cells and exhibited better anticancer activity than that of the controls. The DGL/CSA-PNPs induced the apoptosis of JEG3 cells through caspase-3 and the P53 signaling pathway. DGL/CSA-PNPs can be used as an excellent targeted delivery carrier for anticancer drugs, and the prodigiosin could be an alternative chemotherapeutical drug for choriocarcinoma.
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Fakhrullina G, Khakimova E, Akhatova F, Lazzara G, Parisi F, Fakhrullin R. Selective Antimicrobial Effects of Curcumin@Halloysite Nanoformulation: A Caenorhabditis elegans Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:23050-23064. [PMID: 31180643 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b07499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the normal gastrointestinal microbial community caused by unhealthy diet, environmental factors, and antibiotic overuse may severely affect human health and well-being. Novel antimicrobial drug formulations targeting pathogenic microflora while not affecting or even supporting symbiotic microflora are urgently needed. Here we report fabrication of a novel antimicrobial nanocontainer based on halloysite nanotubes loaded with curcumin and protected with a dextrin outer layer (HNTs+Curc/DX) and its effective use to suppress the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes. Nanocontainers have been obtained using vacuum-facilitated loading of hydrophobic curcumin into halloysite lumens. We have applied UV-vis and infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and microscopy to characterize the HNTs+Curc/DX nanocontainers. In experiments in vitro we found that HNTs+Curc/DX effectively suppressed the growth of Serratia marcescens cells, whereas Escherichia coli bacteria were not affected. We applied HNTs+Curc/DX nanocontainers to alleviate the S. marcescens infection in C. elegans nematodes in vivo. The nematodes ingest HNTs+Curc/DX at 4-6 ng per worm, which results in improvement of the nematodes' fertility and life expectancy. Remarkably, treatment of S. marcescens-infected nematodes with HNTs+Curc/DX nanocontainers completely restored the longevity, demonstrating the enhanced bioavailability of hydrophobic curcumin. We believe that our results reported here open new avenues for fabrication of effective antimicrobial nanoformulations based on hydrophobic drugs and clay nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gölnur Fakhrullina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology , Kazan Federal University , Kreml uramı 18 , Kazan 420008 , Republic of Tatarstan , Russian Federation
| | - Elvira Khakimova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology , Kazan Federal University , Kreml uramı 18 , Kazan 420008 , Republic of Tatarstan , Russian Federation
| | - Farida Akhatova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology , Kazan Federal University , Kreml uramı 18 , Kazan 420008 , Republic of Tatarstan , Russian Federation
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17 , Palermo 90128 , Italy
| | - Filippo Parisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica , Università degli Studi di Palermo , Viale delle Scienze, pad. 17 , Palermo 90128 , Italy
| | - Rawil Fakhrullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology , Kazan Federal University , Kreml uramı 18 , Kazan 420008 , Republic of Tatarstan , Russian Federation
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Biological Potential and Mechanism of Prodigiosin from Serratia marcescens Subsp. lawsoniana in Human Choriocarcinoma and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113465. [PMID: 30400387 PMCID: PMC6274741 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripyrrole molecules have received renewed attention due to reports of numerous biological activities, including antifungal, antibacterial, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. In a screen of bacterial strains with known toxicities to termites, a red pigment-producing strain, HDZK-BYSB107, was isolated from Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, which grows in Oregon, USA. Strain HDZK-BYSB107 was identified as Serratia marcescens subsp. lawsoniana. The red pigment was identified as prodigiosin using ultraviolet absorption, LC-MS, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The bacterial prodigiosin had an inhibitory effect on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The main objective of this study was to explore the anticancer activities and mechanism of strain HDZK-BYSB107 prodigiosin by using human choriocarcinoma (JEG3) and prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) in vitro and JEG3 and PC3 tumor-bearing nude mice in vivo. In vitro anticancer activities showed that the bacterial prodigiosin induced apoptosis in JEG3 cells. In vivo anticancer activities indicated that the prodigiosin significantly inhibited the growth of JEG3 and PC3 cells, and the inhibitory activity was dose and time dependent. The anticancer efficacy of the bacterial prodigiosin on JEG3 and PC3 cells, JEG3 and PC3 tumor exhibited a correlation with the down regulation of the inhibitor of IAP family, including XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2, and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 accompanied by proteolytic degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase. The expressions of P53 and Bax/Bcl-2 in JEG3 and PC3 cells were significantly higher than in untreated groups. Our results indicated that the bacterial prodigiosin extracted from C. lawsoniana is a promising molecule due to its potential for therapeutic applications.
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Ehrenkaufer GM, Suresh S, Solow-Cordero D, Singh U. High-Throughput Screening of Entamoeba Identifies Compounds Which Target Both Life Cycle Stages and Which Are Effective Against Metronidazole Resistant Parasites. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:276. [PMID: 30175074 PMCID: PMC6107840 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases, especially those caused by parasites, are significantly underserved by current drug development efforts, mostly due to the high costs and low economic returns. One method for lowering the costs of drug discovery and development for these diseases is to repurpose drugs developed for other indications. Here, we present the results of a screen of five repurposed drug libraries to identify potential new lead compounds to treat amebiasis, a disease that affects tens of millions of people and causes ~100,000 deaths annually. E. histolytica, the causative agent of amebiasis, has two major life cycle stages, the trophozoite and the cyst. The current primary treatment for amebiasis, nitroimidazole compounds, do not eliminate parasites from the colonic lumen, necessitating a multi-drug treatment regimen. We aimed to address this problem by screening against both life stages, with the aim of identifying a single drug that targets both. We successfully identified eleven compounds with activity against both cysts and trophozoites, as well as multiple compounds that killed trophozoites with improved efficacy over existing drugs. Two lead compounds (anisomycin and prodigiosin) were further characterized for activity against metronidazole (MNZ) resistant parasites and mature cysts. Anisomycin and prodigiosin were both able to kill MNZ resistant parasites while prodigiosin and its analog obatoclax were active against mature cysts. This work confirms the feasibility of identifying drugs that target both Entamoeba trophozoites and cysts, and is an important step toward developing improved treatment regimens for Entamoeba infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen M. Ehrenkaufer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Susmitha Suresh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David Solow-Cordero
- High-Throughput Bioscience Center, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Upinder Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Sam MR, Ghoreishi S. Prodigiosin produced by Serratia marcescens inhibits expression of MMP-9 and survivin and promotes caspase-3 activation with induction of apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1017-1029. [PMID: 29896797 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and survivin are involved in several steps of carcinogenesis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Yet, no MMP-9 and survivin-modulating drugs with low toxicity on normal cells but high efficacy against high MMP-9- and survivin-expressing leukaemia cells have been approved for clinical application in ALL. Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite of Serratia marcescens, induces apoptosis in different kinds of cancer cells with low toxicity on normal cells. However, little is known about the effects of this compound on the high MMP-9- and survivin-expressing leukaemia cells. METHODS AND RESULTS CCRF-CEM cells as a model for high MMP-9- and survivin-expressing ALL cells were treated with 100, 200 and 400 nmol l-1 prodigiosin after which cell number, proliferation rate, MMP-9 and survivin expression, caspase-3 activation and apoptosis were evaluated. After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with 100, 200 and 400 nmol l-1 prodigiosin, proliferation rates were measured to be 92·3-76·7%, 82-63% and 63·7-46·6% respectively. Treatment with prodigiosin for 48 h decreased MMP-9 mRNA levels followed by decreases in secreted (S) and intracellular (I) MMP-9 protein levels by 20-22% and 69-72% for 100-400 nmol l-1 prodigiosin respectively. Prodigiosin decreased survivin protein levels from 40 to 26% followed by 3·7-5·6-fold increases in caspase-3 activation for the aforementioned prodigiosin concentration ranges. Treatment with 100-400 nmol l-1 prodigiosin increased the caspase-3/survivin, caspase-3/I-MMP-9 and caspase-3/S-MMP-9 ratios by 6-7·3-, 11·5-19·1- and 4·9-6·8-fold increases respectively. A dramatic increase in the number of apoptotic cells was also observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effects of prodigiosin on MMP-9 and survivin expression, as well as its pro-apoptotic capacity, represent a novel therapeutic avenue against ALL cells. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings provide an important and interesting basis to develop a new therapeutic compound with high potential against ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - S Ghoreishi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Cheung S, Wu D, Daly HC, Busschaert N, Morgunova M, Simpson JC, Scholz D, Gale PA, O'Shea DF. Real-Time Recording of the Cellular Effects of the Anion Transporter Prodigiosin. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Rastegari B, Karbalaei-Heidari HR, Zeinali S, Sheardown H. The enzyme-sensitive release of prodigiosin grafted β-cyclodextrin and chitosan magnetic nanoparticles as an anticancer drug delivery system: Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 158:589-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Takahashi N, Koyama S, Hasegawa S, Yamasaki M, Imai M. Anticancer efficacy of p-dodecylaminophenol against high-risk and refractory neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4664-4672. [PMID: 28927789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive and drug-resistant refractory cancer. The human high-risk neuroblastoma cell line, SK-N-AS (non-amplified N-myc) is derived from stromal cells and it is resistant to treatment with retinoic acid (1, RA), which is a chemotherapeutic agent used to induce neuronal cellular differentiation of neuroblastomas. We have developed p-dodecylaminophenol (3, p-DDAP), based on N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (2, 4-HPR), a synthetic amide of 1, since 1 and 2 are associated with the side-effect of nyctalopia. In order to evaluate the effects of 3 on high-risk neuroblastomas, we employed SK-N-AS cells as well asa second high-risk human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32, which is derived from neuronal cells (amplified N-myc, drug sensitive). Compound 3 suppressed cell growth of SK-N-AS and IMR-32 cells more effectively than 1, 2, p-decylaminophenol (4, p-DAP), N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)dodecananamide (5, 4-HPDD) or N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)decananamide (6, 4-HPD). In SK-N-AS cells, 3 induced G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis to a greater extent than 1 and 2. In IMR-32 cells, 3 induced apoptosis to a similar extent as 1 and 2, potentially by inhibiting N-myc expression. In addition, i.p. administration of 3 suppressed tumor growth in SK-N-AS-implanted mice in vivo. Since 3 showed no effects on blood retinol concentrations, in contrast to reductions following the administration of 2, it exhibited excellent anticancer efficacy against high-risk neuroblastoma SK-N-AS and IMR-32 expressing distinct levels of N-myc. Compound 3 may have potential for clinical use in the treatment of refractory neuroblastoma with reduced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Shunpei Koyama
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiko Imai
- Laboratory of Physiological Chemistry, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
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Sam MR, Pourpak RS. Regulation of p53 and survivin by prodigiosin compound derived from Serratia marcescens contribute to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:608-617. [PMID: 28681618 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117718052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 and proto-oncogene survivin are challenging targets for anticancer drugs in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) which are associated with chemoresistance. Yet, no p53 and survivin-modulating drug with low toxicity and high efficacy has been approved for clinical application in ALL. Consequently, the search for novel compounds which target p53 or survivin is needed to further advance ALL treatment. Prodigiosin, a secondary metabolite of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in cancer cells with no toxicity on normal cells. However, the possible potential of prodigiosin as p53- and survivin-modulating agent in ALL cells has not been investigated. Wt-p53 Molt-4 cells were treated with 100 to 600 nM prodigiosin, after which, viability, cell proliferation rates, survivin and p53 protein levels, caspase-3 activation, and apoptosis were evaluated. After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with 100 to 600 nM prodigiosin, cell proliferation rates were measured to be 93.7-77.3%, 75.5-58.3%, and 55-23.3%, respectively. Treatment for 48 hours with 100 to 600 nM prodigiosin resulted in 41-19% decrease in survivin protein levels followed by 450-950% increases in caspase-3 activation levels. Prodigiosin induced remarkably p53 accumulation and increased p53/survivin and caspase-3/survivin ratios by 6.1 to 11.3 and 10.3 to 47.5-fold at 100 to 600 nM, respectively. Survivin protein levels were inversely proportional to p53 accumulation levels. Low survivin protein levels combined with high levels of p53 accumulation were correlated to higher apoptotic rates. P53 and survivin as molecular targets of prodigiosin contribute to caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in ALL cells and this compound represents an attractive p53- and survivin-modulating agent in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - R S Pourpak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Dozie-Nwachukwu S, Danyuo Y, Obayemi J, Odusanya O, Malatesta K, Soboyejo W. Extraction and encapsulation of prodigiosin in chitosan microspheres for targeted drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 71:268-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hu DX, Withall DM, Challis GL, Thomson RJ. Structure, Chemical Synthesis, and Biosynthesis of Prodiginine Natural Products. Chem Rev 2016; 116:7818-53. [PMID: 27314508 PMCID: PMC5555159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The prodiginine family of bacterial alkaloids is a diverse set of heterocyclic natural products that have likely been known to man since antiquity. In more recent times, these alkaloids have been discovered to span a wide range of chemical structures that possess a number of interesting biological activities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of research undertaken toward the isolation and structural elucidation of the prodiginine family of natural products. Additionally, research toward chemical synthesis of the prodiginine alkaloids over the last several decades is extensively reviewed. Finally, the current, evidence-based understanding of the various biosynthetic pathways employed by bacteria to produce prodiginine alkaloids is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis X. Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - David M. Withall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory L. Challis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Regan J. Thomson
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Koli SH, Hallsworth JE, Patil SV. Antimicrobial activity of prodigiosin is attributable to plasma-membrane damage. Nat Prod Res 2016; 31:572-577. [PMID: 27353356 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2016.1195380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The bacterial pigment prodigiosin has various biological activities; it is, for instance, an effective antimicrobial. Here, we investigate the primary site targeted by prodigiosin, using the cells of microbial pathogens of humans as model systems: Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Inhibitory concentrations of prodigiosin; leakage of intracellular K+ ions, amino acids, proteins and sugars; impacts on activities of proteases, catalases and oxidases; and changes in surface appearance of pathogen cells were determined. Prodigiosin was highly inhibitory (30% growth rate reduction of C. albicans, E. coli, S. aureus at 0.3, 100 and 0.18 μg ml-1, respectively); caused leakage of intracellular substances (most severe in S. aureus); was highly inhibitory to each enzyme; and caused changes to S. aureus indicative of cell-surface damage. Collectively, these findings suggest that prodigiosin, log Poctanol-water 5.16, is not a toxin but is a hydrophobic stressor able to disrupt the plasma membrane via a chaotropicity-mediated mode-of-action.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sunil H Koli
- a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Jalgaon , India
| | - John E Hallsworth
- b Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre , Belfast , UK
| | - Satish V Patil
- a School of Life Sciences, North Maharashtra University , Jalgaon , India
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Yenkejeh RA, Sam MR, Esmaeillou M. Targeting survivin with prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:402-411. [PMID: 27334973 DOI: 10.1177/0960327116651122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway increases survivin expression that is involved in hepatocarcinogenesis. Therefore, downregulation of survivin may provide an attractive strategy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this regard, little is known about the anticancer effects of prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens on the survivin expression and induction of apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. METHODS Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated with 100-, 200-, 400-, and 600-nM prodigiosin after which morphology of cells, cell number, growth inhibition, survivin expression, caspase-3 activation, and apoptotic rate were evaluated by inverted microscope, hemocytometer, MTT assay, RT-PCR, fluorometric immunosorbent enzyme assay, and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. RESULTS Prodigiosin changed morphology of cells to apoptotic forms and disrupted cell connections. This compound significantly increased growth inhibition rate and decreased metabolic activity of HepG2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. After 24-, 48-, and 72-h treatments with prodigiosin at concentrations ranging from 100 nM to 600 nM, growth inhibition rates were measured to be 1.5-10%, 24-47.5%, and 55.5-72.5%, respectively, compared to untreated cells. At the same conditions, metabolic activities were measured to be 91-83%, 74-53%, and 47-31% for indicated concentrations of prodigiosin, respectively, compared to untreated cells. We also found that treatment of HepG2 cells for 48 h decreased significantly cell number and survivin expression and increased caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, treatment with 600-nM prodigiosin resulted in 77% decrease in cell number, 88.5% decrease in survivin messenger RNA level, and 330% increase in caspase-3 activation level compared to untreated cells. An increase in the number of apoptotic cells (late apoptosis) ranging from 36.9% to 97.4% was observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations. CONCLUSION From our data, prodigiosin is an attractive compound that turns the profile of high-level survivin expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells into that of normal cells and may provide a novel approach to the hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Yenkejeh
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M R Sam
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran.,2 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - M Esmaeillou
- 1 Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Sam S, Sam MR, Esmaeillou M, Safaralizadeh R. Effective Targeting Survivin, Caspase-3 and MicroRNA-16-1 Expression by Methyl-3-pentyl-6-methoxyprodigiosene Triggers Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Stem-Like Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2016; 22:715-23. [PMID: 27055667 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-016-0055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Over-expression of the proto-oncogene survivin in colorectal cancer stem cells (CCSCs) is thought to be one the primary causes for therapy failure. It has also been reported that tumor suppressor miR-16-1 is down-regulated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Therefore, the search for new anti-proliferative agents which target survivin or miR-16-1 in CCSCs is warranted. Several studies have shown that prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens induces apoptosis in different kinds of cancer cells. Here, we investigated the effects of prodigiosin on HCT-116 cells that serve as a model for CRC initiating cells with stem-like cells properties. HCT-116 cells were treated with 100, 200 and 400 nM prodigiosin after which cell number, viability, growth-rate, survivin and miRNA-16-1 expression, caspase-3 activation and apoptotic rate were evaluated. Prodigiosin decreased significantly growth-rate in a dose-and time-dependent manner. After a 48 h treatment with 100, 200 and 400 nM prodigiosin, growth-rates were measured to be 84.4 ± 9.2 %, 58 ± 6.5 % and 46.3 ± 5.2 %, respectively, compared to untreated cells. We also found that treatment for 48 h with indicated concentrations of prodigiosin resulted in 41 %, 54.5 % and 63 % decrease in survivin mRNA levels and induced 32 %, 48 % and 61 % decrease in survivin protein levels as well as resulted in 128.3 ± 10 %, 178.7 ± 6.1 % and 205 ± 7.6 % increase in caspase-3 activation respectively compared to untreated cells. Prodigiosin caused a significant increase in miRNA-16-1 expression at a concentration of 100 nM and treatment with different concentrations of prodigiosin resulted in 2.2- to 3-fold increase in miRNA-16-1/survivin ratios compared to untreated cells. An increase in number of apoptotic cells ranging from 28.2 % to 86.8 % was also observed with increasing prodigiosin concentrations. Our results provide the first evidence that survivin and miRNA-16-1 as potential biomarkers could be targeted in CRC initiating cells with stem-like cells properties by prodigiosin and this compound with high pro-apoptotic capacity represents the possibility of its therapeutic application directed against CCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Esmaeillou
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Prabhu VV, Hong B, Allen JE, Zhang S, Lulla AR, Dicker DT, El-Deiry WS. Small-Molecule Prodigiosin Restores p53 Tumor Suppressor Activity in Chemoresistant Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells via c-Jun-Mediated ΔNp73 Inhibition and p73 Activation. Cancer Res 2016; 76:1989-99. [PMID: 26759239 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor p53 is frequently mutated or inactivated in colorectal cancer. In contrast, p53 family member p73 is rarely mutated in colorectal cancer and p73 activation elicits p53-like tumor suppression. Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSC) comprise a rare self-renewing subpopulation that contributes to tumor maintenance and chemoresistance. p53 restoration is known to target CRCSCs, but p73 restoration in CRCSCs has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of the small-molecule prodigiosin, which restores the p53 pathway in tumor cells via p73 activation, on CRCSCs in vitro and in vivo Prodigiosin prevented colonosphere formation independent of p53 status and reduced the viability of self-renewing, 5-fluorouracil-resistant Aldefluor positive [Aldefluor(+)] CRCSCs in vitro Furthermore, prodigiosin inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors initiated with Aldefluor+ cells without toxic effects and limited the tumorigenic potential of these cells. Consistently, prodigiosin induced activation of a p53-responsive luciferase reporter in colonospheres, Aldefluor(+) cells, and tumor xenografts. Mechanistic studies revealed that prodigiosin increased the levels of p73 and reduced levels of the oncogenic N-terminally truncated isoform ΔNp73 in Aldefluor(+) cells. Accordingly, p73 knockdown or ΔNp73 overexpression suppressed prodigiosin-mediated inhibition of colonosphere formation. Moreover, prodigiosin increased levels of the transcription factor c-Jun, a regulator of p73 and ΔNp73, in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. c-Jun knockdown attenuated prodigiosin-mediated p53-reporter activation, ΔNp73 downregulation, p73 activation, and cell death. Collectively, our findings highlight the previously uncharacterized use of p73-activating therapeutics to target CRCSCs. Cancer Res; 76(7); 1989-99. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun V Prabhu
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bo Hong
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Joshua E Allen
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Shengliang Zhang
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amriti R Lulla
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David T Dicker
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania. Laboratory of Translational Oncology and Experimental Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Hematology/Oncology and Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Rahul S, Chandrashekhar P, Hemant B, Bipinchandra S, Mouray E, Grellier P, Satish P. In vitro antiparasitic activity of microbial pigments and their combination with phytosynthesized metal nanoparticles. Parasitol Int 2015; 64:353-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Darshan N, Manonmani HK. Prodigiosin and its potential applications. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 52:5393-407. [PMID: 26344956 PMCID: PMC4554646 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since a decade, there has been a strong consumer demand for more natural products. This has augmented inclination towards substitution of synthetic colorants with natural pigments. Natural pigments not only have the capacity to increase the marketability of products, they also demonstrate valuable biological activities as antioxidants and anticancer agents. There is a long history of exploitation of natural products produced by bacteria as sources of pharmaceutically important, bioactive compounds. Among natural pigments, pigments from microbial sources are potentially suitable alternatives to synthetic pigments. The red pigment prodigiosin (PG) has unusual properties, which have long been documented. The red-pigmented prodiginines are bioactive secondary metabolites produced by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Prodigiosins are characterized by a common pyrrolyl pyrromethene skeleton, and the biological role of these pigments in the producer organisms remains unclear. Bacterial prodigiosins and their synthetic derivatives are effective proapoptotic agents against various cancer cell lines, with multiple cellular targets including multi-drug resistant cells with little or no toxicity towards normal cell lines. However, research into the biology of pigment production will stimulate interest in the bioengineering of strains to synthesize useful prodiginine derivatives. This review article highlights the characteristics and potential applications of prodigiosin pigment from Serratia as prodigiosins are real potential therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Darshan
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110 025 India
- />Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR – CFTRI), Mysore, 570020 India
| | - H. K. Manonmani
- />Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110 025 India
- />Central Food Technological Research Institute (CSIR – CFTRI), Mysore, 570020 India
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Hassankhani R, Sam MR, Esmaeilou M, Ahangar P. Prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens alters expression of apoptosis-related genes and increases apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. Med Oncol 2014; 32:366. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-014-0366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Suryawanshi RK, Patil CD, Borase HP, Salunke BK, Patil SV. Studies on Production and Biological Potential of Prodigiosin by Serratia marcescens. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 173:1209-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rahul S, Chandrashekhar P, Hemant B, Chandrakant N, Laxmikant S, Satish P. Nematicidal activity of microbial pigment fromSerratia marcescens. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1399-404. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.904310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Stankovic N, Senerovic L, Ilic-Tomic T, Vasiljevic B, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Properties and applications of undecylprodigiosin and other bacterial prodigiosins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:3841-58. [PMID: 24562326 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The growing demand to fulfill the needs of present-day medicine in terms of novel effective molecules has lead to reexamining some of the old and known bacterial secondary metabolites. Bacterial prodigiosins (prodiginines) have a long history of being re markable multipurpose compounds, best examined for their anticancer and antimalarial activities. Production of prodigiosin in the most common producer strain Serratia marcescens has been described in great detail. However, few reports have discussed the ecophysiological roles of these molecules in the producing strains, as well as their antibiotic and UV-protective properties. This review describes recent advances in the production process, biosynthesis, properties, and applications of bacterial prodigiosins. Special emphasis is put on undecylprodigiosin which has generally been a less studied member of the prodigiosin family. In addition, it has been suggested that proteins involved in undecylprodigiosin synthesis, RedG and RedH, could be a useful addition to the biocatalytic toolbox being able to mediate regio- and stereoselective oxidative cyclization. Judging by the number of recent references (216 for the 2007-2013 period), it has become clear that undecylprodigiosin and other bacterial prodigiosins still hold surprises in terms of valuable properties and applicative potential to medical and other industrial fields and that they still deserve continuing research curiosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Stankovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, P.O. Box 23, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wehunt MP, Winschel CA, Khan AK, Guo TL, Abdrakhmanova GR, Sidorov V. Controlled drug-release system based on pH-sensitive chloride-triggerable liposomes. J Liposome Res 2013; 23:37-46. [PMID: 23363303 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2012.727423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
New pH-sensitive lipids were synthesized and utilized in formulations of liposomes suitable for controlled drug release. These liposomes contain various amounts of NaCl in the internal aqueous compartments. The release of the drug model is triggered by an application of HCl cotransporter and exogenous physiologically relevant NaCl solution. HCl cotransporter allows an uptake of HCl by liposomes to the extent of their being proportional to the transmembrane Cl(-) gradient. Therefore, each set of liposomes undergoes internal acidification, which, ultimately, leads to the hydrolysis of the pH-sensitive lipids and content release at the desired time. The developed system releases the drug model in a stepwise fashion, with the release stages separated by periods of low activity. These liposomes were found to be insensitive to physiological concentrations of human serum albumin and to be nontoxic to cells at concentrations exceeding pharmacological relevance. These results render this new drug-release model potentially suitable for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark P Wehunt
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA
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Hawco CLA, Marchal E, Uddin MI, Baker AEG, Corkery DP, Dellaire G, Thompson A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of prodigiosene conjugates of porphyrin, estrone and 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5995-6002. [PMID: 23958515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
To generate the first series of prodigiosene conjugates, the tripyrrolic skeleton was appended to estrone, tamoxifen and porphyrin frameworks by way of ester linkers and various hydrocarbon chain lengths. The ability of the conjugates to inhibit various types of cancer cells was evaluated in vitro. The porphyrin conjugates did not exhibit significant activity. The estrone conjugates exhibited modest activity, for the most part. However, significantly greater growth inhibition activity against certain breast, colon, lung, leukemia, melanoma and prostate cell lines was noted. This unusual effect for this first generation model class of compound warrants further investigation and comparison to cases where estrogens are linked to prodigiosenes via connection points that do not feature in estrogen receptor binding. The 4-hydroxytamoxifen conjugates exhibit nanomolar range activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, paving the way to expand the scope and connectivity of prodigiosene-tamoxifen conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra L A Hawco
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, PO Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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Undecylprodigiosin induced apoptosis in P388 cancer cells is associated with its binding to ribosome. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65381. [PMID: 23799011 PMCID: PMC3682955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prodigiosins (PGs) are a family of natural red pigments with anticancer activity, and one member of the family has entered clinical phase II trials. However, the anticancer mechanisms of PGs remain largely unclear. This study was designed to investigate the molecular basis of anticancer activity of UP, a derivative of PGs, in P388 cells. By introducing pharmacological inhibitors and utilizing a variety of analytical approaches including western blotting, flow cytometry and confocal laser microscopy, we found that UP inhibited proliferation of P388 via arresting cells at G2/M phase and inducing cells apoptosis, which was related to the activation of P38, JNK rather than ERK1/2 signaling. ROS regeneration and acidification in cells appear not involved in UP induced apoptosis. Furthermore, utilizing mass spectrometry, sucrose density gradient fractionation and immunofluorescence staining, we discovered that UP was apparently located at ribosome. These results together indicate that ribosome may be the potential target of UP in cancer cells, which opened a new avenue in delineating the anticancer mechanism of PGs.
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Tenconi E, Guichard P, Motte P, Matagne A, Rigali S. Use of red autofluorescence for monitoring prodiginine biosynthesis. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 93:138-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Elahian F, Moghimi B, Dinmohammadi F, Ghamghami M, Hamidi M, Mirzaei SA. The anticancer agent prodigiosin is not a multidrug resistance protein substrate. DNA Cell Biol 2013; 32:90-7. [PMID: 23373476 PMCID: PMC3589871 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2012.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The brilliant red pigments prodiginines are natural secondary metabolites that are produced by select species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These molecules have received significant attention due to their reported antibacterial, antifungal, immunosuppressive, and anticancer activities. In this study, a Serratia marcescens SER1 strain was isolated and verified using 16s rDNA. The prodigiosin was purified using silica chromatography and was analyzed by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. The cell cytotoxic effects of the purified prodigiosin on multiple drug resistant cell lines that overexpress MDR1, BCRP, or MRP2 pumps were analyzed. Prodigiosin had nearly identical cytotoxic effects on the resistant cells in comparison to their parental lines. In agreement with the same prodigiosin cytotoxicity, FACS analysis of prodigiosin accumulation and efflux in MDR overexpressing cell lines also indicated that this pro-apoptotic agent operates independently of the presence of the MDR1, BCRP, or MRP transporter and may be a potential treatment for malignant cancer cells that overexpress multidrug resistance transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Elahian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
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Optimization of the culture condition for an antitumor bacterium Serratia proteamacula 657 and identification of the active compounds. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 29:855-63. [PMID: 23271461 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-012-1240-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of novel active anti-tumor compounds from marine microbes for pharmaceutical applications has been a continuously hot spot in natural product research. Bacterial growth and metabolites may greatly vary under different culture conditions. In this study, the effects of different culture conditions and medium components on the growth and bioactive metabolites of Serratia proteamacula 657, an anti-tumor bacterium found in our previous study, were investigated. The results showed that lower temperature, weak acidic condition and solid fermentation favored the bacterial growth and the production of active compounds. Four components in the culture medium, NaCl, peptone, yeast extract and MgSO4, were found important to the bacterial growth and active compounds production in medium optimization. Under the optimized condition of solid state fermentation at pH 6.0-7.0, 23-25 °C, with the MgSO4-free medium containing 10.0 g/L peptone, 1.0 g/L yeast extract and 19.45 g/L NaCl, the antitumor activity of S. proteamacula 657 and the yield of crude extracts increased about 15 times and 6 times than the sample obtained in the original liquid fermentation, respectively. The active components in the metabolites of S. proteamacula 657 were identified as a homolog of prodigiosin, a red bacterial pigment, based on the analysis of the NMR and GC-MS. The bacterium S. proteamacula 657, which is adapted to lower temperature, produced prodigiosin-like pigments with highly antitumor activity, suggesting the bacterium is a potential new source for prodigiosin production.
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Ryazantseva IN, Saakov VS, Andreyeva IN, Ogorodnikova TI, Zuev YF. Response of pigmented Serratia marcescens to the illumination. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 106:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Francisco R, Pérez-Perarnau A, Cortés C, Gil J, Tauler A, Ambrosio S. Histone deacetylase inhibition induces apoptosis and autophagy in human neuroblastoma cells. Cancer Lett 2011; 318:42-52. [PMID: 22186300 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common solid extracranial tumor in children. Here we showed that trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), decreases cell viability in three NB cell lines of different phenotypes. The treatment leads to G2/M-phase arrest, apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy induction accompanies apoptosis in the most proliferative, N-Myc overexpressing cells. In contrast, autophagy precedes apoptosis and acts as a protective mechanism in the less proliferative, non-N-Myc overexpressing cells. Therefore, the autophagy induction is a relevant event in the NB response to HDACis, and it should be considered in the design of new treatments for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Francisco
- Unitat de Bioquímica, Dep. Ciències Fisiològiques II, Facultat de Medicina, Campus Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, c/Feixa Llarga s/n., Barcelona, Spain
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Genes C, Baquero E, Echeverri F, Maya JD, Triana O. Mitochondrial dysfunction in Trypanosoma cruzi: the role of Serratia marcescens prodigiosin in the alternative treatment of Chagas disease. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:66. [PMID: 21548954 PMCID: PMC3118961 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease is a health threat for many people, mostly those living in Latin America. One of the most important problems in treatment is the limitation of existing drugs. Prodigiosin, produced by Serratia marcescens (Rhodnius prolixus endosymbiont), belongs to the red-pigmented bacterial prodiginine family, which displays numerous biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antimalarial, immunosuppressive, and anticancer properties. Here we describe its effects on Trypanosoma cruzi mitochondria belonging to Tc I and Tc II. RESULTS Parasites exposed to prodigiosin altered the mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation could not have a normal course, probably by inhibition of complex III. Prodigiosin did not produce cytotoxic effects in lymphocytes and Vero cells and has better effects than benznidazole. Our data suggest that the action of prodigiosin on the parasites is mediated by mitochondrial structural and functional disruptions that could lead the parasites to an apoptotic-like cell death process. CONCLUSIONS Here, we propose a potentially useful trypanocidal agent derived from knowledge of an important aspect of the natural life cycle of the parasite: the vector-parasite interaction. Our results indicate that prodigiosin could be a good candidate for the treatment of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Genes
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas BCEI-SIU, Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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