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Mack CM, Tsui-Bowen A, Smith AR, Jensen KF, Kodavanti PRS, Moser VC, Mundy WR, Shafer TJ, Herr DW. Identification of neural-relevant toxcast high-throughput assay intended gene targets: Applicability to neurotoxicity and neurotoxicant putative molecular initiating events. Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:256-265. [PMID: 38977203 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
The US EPA's Toxicity Forecaster (ToxCast) is a suite of high-throughput in vitro assays to screen environmental toxicants and predict potential toxicity of uncharacterized chemicals. This work examines the relevance of ToxCast assay intended gene targets to putative molecular initiating events (MIEs) of neurotoxicants. This effort is needed as there is growing interest in the regulatory and scientific communities about developing new approach methodologies (NAMs) to screen large numbers of chemicals for neurotoxicity and developmental neurotoxicity. Assay gene function (GeneCards, NCBI-PUBMED) was used to categorize gene target neural relevance (1 = neural, 2 = neural development, 3 = general cellular process, 3 A = cellular process critical during neural development, 4 = unlikely significance). Of 481 unique gene targets, 80 = category 1 (16.6 %); 16 = category 2 (3.3 %); 303 = category 3 (63.0 %); 97 = category 3 A (20.2 %); 82 = category 4 (17.0 %). A representative list of neurotoxicants (548) was researched (ex. PUBMED, PubChem) for neurotoxicity associated MIEs/Key Events (KEs). MIEs were identified for 375 compounds, whereas only KEs for 173. ToxCast gene targets associated with MIEs were primarily neurotransmitter (ex. dopaminergic, GABA)receptors and ion channels (calcium, sodium, potassium). Conversely, numerous MIEs associated with neurotoxicity were absent. Oxidative stress (OS) mechanisms were 79.1 % of KEs. In summary, 40 % of ToxCast assay gene targets are relevant to neurotoxicity mechanisms. Additional receptor and ion channel subtypes and increased OS pathway coverage are identified for potential future assay inclusion to provide more complete coverage of neural and developmental neural targets in assessing neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina M Mack
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | | | - Alicia R Smith
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science Education, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.
| | - Karl F Jensen
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Prasada Rao S Kodavanti
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Virginia C Moser
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - William R Mundy
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - Timothy J Shafer
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
| | - David W Herr
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
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Abd El-Hakam FEZ, Abo Laban G, Badr El-Din S, Abd El-Hamid H, Farouk MH. Apitherapy combination improvement of blood pressure, cardiovascular protection, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses in dexamethasone model hypertensive rats. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20765. [PMID: 36456799 PMCID: PMC9714403 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension-induced ventricular and vascular remodeling causes myocardial infarction, heart failure, and sudden death. Most available pharmaceutical products used to treat hypertension lead to adverse effects on human health. Limited data is available on apitherapy (bee products) combinations for treatment of hypertension. This study aims to evaluate the antihypertensive effects of combinations of natural apitherapy compounds used in the medical sector to treat a variety of diseases. Rats were assigned into six groups consisting of one control group and five hypertensive groups where hypertension (blood pressure > 140/90) was induced with dexamethasone. One of these groups was used as a hypertension model, while the remaining four hypertensive groups were treated with a propolis, royal jelly, and bee venom combination (PRV) at daily oral doses of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, and with losartan 10 mg/kg. The PRV combination at all doses decreased arterial blood pressure below the suboptimal value (p < 0.001), and PRV combination treatment improved dexamethasone-induced-ECG changes. The same treatment decreased angiotensin-II, endothelin-1, and tumor growth factor β serum levels in hypertensive rats. Additionally, PRV combination improved histopathological structure, and decreased serum levels of NF-kB and oxidative stress biomarkers. We concluded that PRV combination therapy may be used as a potential treatment for a variety of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma El-Zahraa Abd El-Hakam
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Gomaa Abo Laban
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Sahar Badr El-Din
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Hala Abd El-Hamid
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohammed Hamdy Farouk
- grid.411303.40000 0001 2155 6022Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11884 Cairo Egypt
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Preliminary Findings on the Effect of Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and Acute Stress on Selected Markers of Oxidative Stress in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040751. [PMID: 35453436 PMCID: PMC9030389 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have reported that the administration of various nanoparticles in vivo can cause oxidative stress. The combination of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) and acute stress was selected because, during intravenous application of a contrast agent, patients are exposed to psycho-emotional stress. This study was designed to investigate the effect of acute stress and USPIONs on selected markers of oxidative stress (antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, levels of advanced oxidation protein products, protein carbonyls, lipoperoxides and 8-isoprostanes) in plasma and erythrocytes in normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In the WKY and SHR groups, there was a significant main effect of genotype between groups on studied markers except protein carbonyls and lipoperoxides. In SHR, the combination of acute stress and USPIONs increased the antioxidant capacity of plasma and the selected enzyme activities of erythrocytes. In WKY, the combination of acute stress and USPIONs decreased the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes and reduced levels of advanced oxidation protein products in plasma. Our study points to the fact that, when hypertensive subjects are treated with iron oxide nanoparticles, caution should be taken, especially in stress conditions, since they seem to be more vulnerable to oxidative stress produced by USPIONs.
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Patinha D, Abreu C, Carvalho C, Cunha OM, Mota M, Afonso J, Sousa T, Albino-Teixeira A, Diniz C, Morato M. Adenosine A 2A and A 3 Receptors as Targets for the Treatment of Hypertensive-Diabetic Nephropathy. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8110529. [PMID: 33238361 PMCID: PMC7700226 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8110529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) and hypertension are prime causes for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) that often coexist in patients, but are seldom studied in combination. Kidney adenosine levels are markedly increased in diabetes, and the expression and function of renal adenosine receptors are altered in experimental diabetes. The aim of this work is to explore the impact of endogenous and exogenous adenosine on the expression/distribution profile of its receptors along the nephron of hypertensive rats with experimentally-induced diabetes. Using spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin (STZ), we show that treatment of SHR-STZ rats with an agonist of adenosine receptors increases A2A immunoreactivity in superficial glomeruli (SG), proximal tubule (PCT), and distal tubule (DCT). Differently, treatment of SHR-STZ rats with a xanthinic antagonist of adenosine receptors decreases adenosine A3 immunoreactivity in SG, PCT, DCT, and collecting duct. There is no difference in the immunoreactivity against the adenosine A1 and A2B receptors between the experimental groups. The agonist of adenosine receptors ameliorates renal fibrosis, probably via A2A receptors, while the antagonist exacerbates it, most likely due to tonic activation of A3 receptors. The reduction in adenosine A3 immunoreactivity might be due to receptor downregulation in response to prolonged activation. Altogether, these results suggest an opposite regulation exerted by endogenous and exogenous adenosine upon the expression of its A2A and A3 receptors along the nephron of hypertensive diabetic rats, which has a functional impact and should be taken into account when considering novel therapeutic targets for hypertensive-diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patinha
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- The Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Medical School, University of Exeter, EX4 4QJ Exeter, UK
| | - Carla Abreu
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Carla Carvalho
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Olga Mariana Cunha
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariana Mota
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Joana Afonso
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Department of Biomedicine—Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.A.); (T.S.); (A.A.-T.)
- MedInUP—Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Diniz
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Manuela Morato
- LAQV@REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (C.A.); (C.C.); (O.M.C.); (M.M.); (M.M.)
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Combination of Exercise Training and SOD Mimetic Tempol Enhances Upregulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Kidney of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:2142740. [PMID: 33145105 PMCID: PMC7596428 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2142740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Both exercise training (Ex) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic tempol have antihypertensive and renal protective effects in rodent models of several hypertensions. We recently reported that Ex increases nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression levels of endothelial and neuronal NO synthase (eNOS and nNOS) in the kidney and aorta of the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar–Kyoto rats (WKY). We also found that endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) upregulates the expression levels of eNOS and nNOS in SHR. To elucidate the mechanism of the Ex-upregulated NO system in the kidney, we examined the additive effect of Ex and tempol on the renal NO system in SHR and WKY. Our data showed that, in SHR, both Ex and tempol increase the levels of H2O2 and nitrate/nitrite (NOx) in plasma and urine. We also observed an increased renal NOS activity and upregulated expression levels of eNOS and nNOS with decreased NADPH oxidase activity. The effects of the combination of Ex and tempol on these variables were cumulate in SHR. On the other hand, we found that Ex increases these variables with increased renal NADPH oxidase activity, but tempol did not change these variables or affect the Ex-induced upregulation in the activity and expression of NOS in WKY. The SOD activity in the kidney and aorta was activated by tempol only in SHR, but not in WKY; whereas Ex increased SOD activity only in the aorta in both SHR and WKY. These results indicate that Ex-induced endogenous H2O2 produced in the blood vessel and other organs outside of the kidney may be carried to the kidney by blood flow and stimulates the NO system in the kidney.
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Association of combined genetic variations in SOD3, GPX3, PON1, and GSTT1 with hypertension and severity of coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:918-929. [PMID: 32034489 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01564-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of hypertension (HT) and the progression of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic variations in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and glutathione S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1) may modulate their gene functions, affecting protein functions. These changes could have an impact on the pathogenesis of HT and progression of CAD. The present study investigated the associations of individual and combined antioxidant-related gene polymorphisms with the incidence of HT and severity of CAD. Two study populations were enrolled. The HT-associated study comprised 735 control and 735 hypertensive subjects (mean age 59.3 ± 9.0 years), matched for age and sex. The CAD study, hospital-based subjects (mean age 62.1 ± 9.5 years), included 279 CAD patients and 165 non-CAD subjects. Gene polymorphisms were identified in genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based technique. Genetic variations were assessed for their associations with HT and severity of CAD. Antioxidant gene variants, SOD3 rs2536512-GG, GPX3 rs3828599-GG, PON1 rs705379-TT, and GSTT1-/- and +/-, were independently associated with the incidence of HT. A combination of four HT-associated genotypes, as a genetic risk score (GRS), revealed an association of GRS 5 and GRS ≥ 6 with increased susceptibility to HT and CAD, and further with multivessel coronary atherosclerosis (multivessel CAD) compared with GRS 0-2 [respective ORs(95% CI) for GRS ≥ 6 = 2.37 (1.46-3.85), 3.26 (1.29-8.25), and 4.36 (1.36-14.0)]. Combined polymorphisms in these four antioxidant-related genes were associated with the incidences of HT and CAD, and with the severity of coronary atherosclerosis.
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Leal J, Teixeira-Santos L, Pinho D, Afonso J, Carvalho J, de Lourdes Bastos M, Albino-Teixeira A, Fraga S, Sousa T. l-proline supplementation improves nitric oxide bioavailability and counteracts the blood pressure rise induced by angiotensin II in rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 82:1-11. [PMID: 30423454 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated whether l-proline (Pro) supplementation improves redox status and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and prevents or delays angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertension. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed to four experimental groups: Pro + AngII (Pro-Ang), Pro + Saline (Pro-Sal), Vehicle + AngII (Veh-Ang) and Veh + Saline (Veh-Sal). Pro solution (2 g.kg-1·day-1) or water (vehicle) were orally administered, from day 0 to day 21. AngII (200 ng.kg-1.min-1) or saline were infused (s.c.) from day 7 to day 21. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by the tail-cuff method. From day 20-21, animals were kept on metabolic cages for 24h-urine collection. On day 21, urine and blood were collected for further quantification of redox status biomarkers, NO-related markers (urinary nitrates and nitrites, U-NOx; plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, P-ADMA), metabolic and renal parameters. Pro prevented the AngII-induced SBP rise [mean (95% CI), Day 19: Pro-AngII, 137 (131; 143) vs. Veh-AngII, 157 (151; 163) mm Hg, P < 0.001]. Pro-AngII rats also had increased values of U-NOx, systemic and urinary total antioxidant status (TAS), urinary H2O2 and plasma urea, as well as reduced P-ADMA and unaltered urinary isoprostanes. Plasma Pro was inversely correlated with P-ADMA (r = -0.52, p = 0.0009) and positively correlated with urinary TAS (r = 0.55, p = 0.0005) which, in turn, was inversely correlated with P-ADMA (r = -0.56, p = 0.0004). Furthermore, urinary H2O2 values decreased across P-ADMA tertiles (p for linear trend = 0.023). These results suggest that Pro reduces P-ADMA levels and improves redox status, thereby increasing NO bioavailability and counteracting the AngII-induced SBP rise. H2O2 and TAS modulation by Pro may contribute to the reduced P-ADMA concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Leal
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, S/N, Piso 3, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Teixeira-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, S/N, Piso 3, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e de Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dora Pinho
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, S/N, Piso 3, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e de Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, S/N, Piso 3, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e de Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, S/N, Piso 3, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lourdes Bastos
- REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, S/N, Piso 3, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e de Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Fraga
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, S/N, Piso 3, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE, Laboratório de Toxicologia, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Rua Alexandre Herculano nº321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina - Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, S/N, Piso 3, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; MedInUP - Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e de Inovação Medicamentosa, Universidade do Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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Sodium acetate and androgen receptor blockade improve gestational androgen excess-induced deteriorated glucose homeostasis and antioxidant defenses in rats: roles of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:65-75. [PMID: 30267975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nutritional challenges and androgen excess have been implicated in the development of gestational diabetes and poor fetal outcome, but the mechanisms are not well delineated. The effects of short chain fatty acid (SCFA) on glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome induced by gestational androgen excess is also not known. We tested the hypothesis that blockade of androgen receptor (AR) and suppression of late gestational androgen excess prevents glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome through suppression of adenosine deaminase (ADA)/xanthine oxidase (XO) pathway. Twenty-four pregnant Wistar rats were treated (sc) with olive oil, testosterone propionate (0.5 mg/kg) singly or in combination with SCFA (sodium acetate; 200 mg/kg; p.o.) or AR blocker (flutamide; 7.5 mg/kg; p.o.) between gestational days 14 and 19. The results showed that late gestational androgen excess led to glucose deregulation, poor fetal outcome, increased plasma and hepatic free fatty acid and lactate dehydrogenase, liver function marker enzymes, malondialdehyde, uric acid, ADA and XO activities. Conversely, gestational androgen excess resulted in reduced body weight gain, visceral adiposity, plasma and hepatic anti-oxidant defenses (glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione/glutathione disulphide ratio, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, adenosine and nitric oxide). However, all these effects were ameliorated by either sodium acetate or flutamide treatment. The study demonstrates that suppression of testosterone by SCFA or AR blockade protects against glucose deregulation and poor fetal outcome by improvement of anti-oxidant defenses and replenishment of hepatic oxidative capacity through suppression of ADA/XO pathway. Hence, utility of SCFA should be encouraged for prevention of glucose dysmetabolism and poor fetal outcome.
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Aspirin and blood pressure: Effects when used alone or in combination with antihypertensive drugs. Rev Port Cardiol 2017; 36:551-567. [PMID: 28684123 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and renal events. Lowering blood pressure is thus an important strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality. Since low-dose aspirin is a cornerstone in the prevention of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, combined treatment with aspirin and antihypertensive drugs is very common. However, the impact of aspirin therapy on blood pressure control remains a subject of intense debate. Recent data suggest that the cardioprotective action of aspirin extends beyond its well-known antithrombotic effect. Aspirin has been shown to trigger the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators from arachidonic acid and omega-3 fatty acids. These novel anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators actively stimulate the resolution of inflammation and tissue regeneration. Additionally, they may contribute to other protective effects on redox status and vascular reactivity that have also been attributed to aspirin. Of note, aspirin has been shown to improve vasodilation through cyclooxygenase-independent mechanisms. On the other hand, higher aspirin doses have been reported to exert a negative impact on blood pressure due to inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 activity, which reduces renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and sodium and water excretion. This review aims to provide an overview of the effects of aspirin on blood pressure and the underlying mechanisms, focusing on the interaction between aspirin and antihypertensive drugs. Studies in both experimental and human hypertension are presented.
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Costa AC, Reina-Couto M, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Aspirin and blood pressure: Effects when used alone or in combination with antihypertensive drugs. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Salsoso R, Farías M, Gutiérrez J, Pardo F, Chiarello DI, Toledo F, Leiva A, Mate A, Vázquez CM, Sobrevia L. Adenosine and preeclampsia. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:126-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Silva L, Subiabre M, Araos J, Sáez T, Salsoso R, Pardo F, Leiva A, San Martín R, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Insulin/adenosine axis linked signalling. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 55:45-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zemanová M, Stašková T, Kodrík D. Role of adipokinetic hormone and adenosine in the anti-stress response in Drosophila melanogaster. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 91-92:39-47. [PMID: 27374982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of adipokinetic hormone (AKH) and adenosine in the anti-stress response was studied in Drosophila melanogaster larvae and adults carrying a mutation in the Akh gene (Akh(1)), the adenosine receptor gene (AdoR(1)), or in both of these genes (Akh(1) AdoR(1) double mutant). Stress was induced by starvation or by the addition of an oxidative stressor paraquat (PQ) to food. Mortality tests revealed that the Akh(1) mutant was the most resistant to starvation, while the AdoR(1) mutant was the most sensitive. Conversely, the Akh(1) AdoR(1) double mutant was more sensitive to PQ toxicity than either of the single mutants. Administration of PQ significantly increased the Drome-AKH level in w(1118) and AdoR(1) larvae; however, this was not accompanied by a simultaneous increase in Akh gene expression. In contrast, PQ significantly increased the expression of the glutathione S-transferase D1 (GstD1) gene. The presence of both a functional adenosine receptor and AKH seem to be important for the proper control of GstD1 gene expression under oxidative stress, however, the latter appears to play more dominant role. On the other hand, differences in glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity among the strains, and between untreated and PQ-treated groups were minimal. In addition, the glutathione level was significantly lower in all untreated AKH- or AdoR-deficient mutant flies as compared with the untreated control w(1118) flies and further declined following treatment with PQ. All oxidative stress characteristics modified by mutations in Akh gene were restored or even improved by 'rescue' mutation in flies which ectopically express Akh. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrate the important roles of AKH and adenosine in the anti-stress response elicited by PQ in a D. melanogaster model, and provide the first evidence for the involvement of adenosine in the anti-oxidative stress response in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milada Zemanová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Stašková
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE A common link between all forms of acute and chronic kidney injuries, regardless of species, is enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) during injury/disease progression. While low levels of ROS and RNS are required for prosurvival signaling, cell proliferation and growth, and vasoreactivity regulation, an imbalance of ROS and RNS generation and elimination leads to inflammation, cell death, tissue damage, and disease/injury progression. RECENT ADVANCES Many aspects of renal oxidative stress still require investigation, including clarification of the mechanisms which prompt ROS/RNS generation and subsequent renal damage. However, we currently have a basic understanding of the major features of oxidative stress pathology and its link to kidney injury/disease, which this review summarizes. CRITICAL ISSUES The review summarizes the critical sources of oxidative stress in the kidney during injury/disease, including generation of ROS and RNS from mitochondria, NADPH oxidase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The review next summarizes the renal antioxidant systems that protect against oxidative stress, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, the glutathione and thioredoxin systems, and others. Next, we describe how oxidative stress affects kidney function and promotes damage in every nephron segment, including the renal vessels, glomeruli, and tubules. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Despite the limited success associated with the application of antioxidants for treatment of kidney injury/disease thus far, preventing the generation and accumulation of ROS and RNS provides an ideal target for potential therapeutic treatments. The review discusses the shortcomings of antioxidant treatments previously used and the potential promise of new ones. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 119-146.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Ratliff
- 1 Department of Medicine, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.,2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Wasan Abdulmahdi
- 2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Rahul Pawar
- 1 Department of Medicine, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
| | - Michael S Wolin
- 2 Department of Physiology, Renal Research Institute , New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York
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Lu X, Wang F, Liu M, Yang KT, Nau A, Kohan DE, Reese V, Richardson RS, Yang T. Activation of ENaC in collecting duct cells by prorenin and its receptor PRR: involvement of Nox4-derived hydrogen peroxide. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F1243-50. [PMID: 26697985 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00492.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The collecting duct (CD) has been recognized as an important source of prorenin/renin, and it also expresses (pro)renin receptor (PRR). The goal of this study was to examine the hypothesis that prorenin or renin via PRR regulates epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) activity in mpkCCD cells. Transepithelial Na(+) transport was measured by using a conventional epithelial volt-ohmmeter and was expressed as the calculated equivalent current (Ieq). Amiloride-inhibitable Ieq was used as a reflection of ENaC activity. Administration of prorenin in the nanomolar range induced a significant increase in Ieq that was detectable as early as 1 min, peaked at 5 min, and gradually returned to baseline within 15 min. These changes in Ieq were completely prevented by a newly developed PRR decoy inhibitor, PRO20. Prorenin-induced Ieq was inhibitable by amiloride. Compared with prorenin, renin was less effective in stimulating Ieq Prorenin-induced Ieq was attenuated by apocynin but enhanced by tempol, the latter effect being prevented by catalase. In response to prorenin treatment, the levels of total reactive oxygen species and H2O2 were both increased, as detected by spin-trap analysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-Glo H2O2 assay, respectively. Both siRNA-mediated Nox4 knockdown and the dual Nox1/4 inhibitor GKT137892 attenuated prorenin-induced Ieq Overall, our results demonstrate that activation of PRR by prorenin stimulates ENaC activity in CD cells via Nox4-derived H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Lu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mi Liu
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kevin T Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Adam Nau
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Van Reese
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Sun Yat-Sen University School of Medicine, Guangzhou, China; and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
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16
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Guedes-Martins L, Silva E, Gaio AR, Saraiva J, Soares AI, Afonso J, Macedo F, Almeida H. Fetal-maternal interface impedance parallels local NADPH oxidase related superoxide production. Redox Biol 2015; 5:114-123. [PMID: 25912167 PMCID: PMC4412968 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood flow assessment employing Doppler techniques is a useful procedure in pregnancy evaluation, as it may predict pregnancy disorders coursing with increased uterine vascular impedance, as pre-eclampsia. While the local causes are unknown, emphasis has been put on reactive oxygen species (ROS) excessive production. As NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a ROS generator, it is hypothesized that combining Doppler assessment with NOX activity might provide useful knowledge on placental bed disorders underlying mechanisms. A prospective longitudinal study was performed in 19 normal course, singleton pregnancies. Fetal aortic isthmus (AoI) and maternal uterine arteries (UtA) pulsatility index (PI) were recorded at two time points: 20-22 and 40-41 weeks, just before elective Cesarean section. In addition, placenta and placental bed biopsies were performed immediately after fetal extraction. NOX activity was evaluated using a dihydroethidium-based fluorescence method and associations to PI values were studied with Spearman correlations. A clustering of pregnancies coursing with higher and lower PI values was shown, which correlated strongly with placental bed NOX activity, but less consistently with placental tissue. The study provides evidence favoring that placental bed NOX activity parallels UtA PI enhancement and suggests that an excess in oxidation underlies the development of pregnancy disorders coursing with enhanced UtA impedance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guedes-Martins
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE, Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal.
| | - E Silva
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A R Gaio
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CMUP-Centre of Mathematics of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - J Saraiva
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE, Departamento da Mulher e da Medicina Reprodutiva, Centro Hospitalar do Porto EPE, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A I Soares
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - J Afonso
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - F Macedo
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
| | - H Almeida
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal; Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Obstetrics-Gynecology, Hospital-CUF Porto, 4100 180 Porto, Portugal.
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Patinha D, Afonso J, Sousa T, Morato M, Albino-Teixeira A. Diabetes-induced increase of renal medullary hydrogen peroxide and urinary angiotensinogen is similar in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2014; 108:71-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Chen W, Liu DJ, Huo YM, Wu ZY, Sun YW. Reactive oxygen species are involved in regulating hypocontractility of mesenteric artery to norepinephrine in cirrhotic rats with portal hypertension. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:386-95. [PMID: 24719556 PMCID: PMC3979991 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oxidative stress is involved in the hypocontractility of visceral artery to vasoconstrictors and formation of hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis with portal hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on the mesenteric artery contractility in CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats, and the roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) desensitization and RhoA /Rho associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) pathways. Methods: The mesenteric artery contraction to norepinephrine (NE) was determined by vessel perfusion system following treatments with apocynin, tempol or PEG-catalase. The protein expression of α1 adrenergic receptor, β-arrestin-2, ROCK-1, moesin and p-moesin was measured by western blot. The interaction between α1 adrenergic receptor and β-arrestin-2 was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation. Results: Pretreatment with apocynin or PEG-catalase in cirrhotic rats, the hydrogen peroxide level in the mesenteric arteriole was significantly decreased, and the dose-response curve of mesenteric arteriole to NE moved to the left with EC50 decreased. There was no significant change for the expression of α1 adrenergic receptor. However, the protein expression of β-arrestin-2 and its affinity with α1 adrenergic receptor were significantly decreased. The ROCK-1 activity and anti- Y-27632 inhibition in cirrhotic rats increased significantly with the protein expression unchanged. Such effects were not observed in tempol-treated group. Conclusion: The H2O2 decrease in mesenteric artery from rats with cirrhosis resulted in down regulation of the β-arrestin-2 expression and its binding ability with α1 adrenergic receptor, thereby affecting the agonist-induced ROCK activation and improving the contractile response in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - De-Jun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yan-Miao Huo
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yong-Wei Sun
- Department of Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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19
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DiStasi MR, Unthank JL, Miller SJ. Nox2 and p47(phox) modulate compensatory growth of primary collateral arteries. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1435-43. [PMID: 24633549 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00828.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of NADPH oxidase (Nox) in both the promotion and impairment of compensatory collateral growth remains controversial because the specific Nox and reactive oxygen species involved are unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the primary Nox and reactive oxygen species associated with early stage compensatory collateral growth in young, healthy animals. Ligation of the feed arteries that form primary collateral pathways in rat mesentery and mouse hindlimb was used to assess the role of Nox during collateral growth. Changes in mesenteric collateral artery Nox mRNA expression determined by real-time PCR at 1, 3, and 7 days relative to same-animal control arteries suggested a role for Nox subunits Nox2 and p47(phox). Administration of apocynin or Nox2ds-tat suppressed collateral growth in both rat and mouse models, suggesting the Nox2/p47(phox) interaction was involved. Functional significance of p47(phox) expression was assessed by evaluation of collateral growth in rats administered p47(phox) small interfering RNA and in p47(phox-/-) mice. Diameter measurements of collateral mesenteric and gracilis arteries at 7 and 14 days, respectively, indicated no significant collateral growth compared with control rats or C57BL/6 mice. Chronic polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase administration significantly suppressed collateral development in rats and mice, implying a requirement for H2O2. Taken together, these results suggest that Nox2, modulated at least in part by p47(phox), mediates early stage compensatory collateral development via a process dependent upon peroxide generation. These results have important implications for the use of antioxidants and the development of therapies for peripheral arterial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R DiStasi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joseph L Unthank
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Steven J Miller
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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20
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Selamoglu Talas Z. Propolis reduces oxidative stress in l-NAME-induced hypertension rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2014; 32:150-154. [PMID: 23788129 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 08/14/2024]
Abstract
The inhibition in the synthesis or bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in progress of hypertension. The blocking of nitric oxide synthase activity may cause vasoconstriction with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honey bees from various plants. Propolis has biological and pharmacological properties. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of propolis on catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO levels in the testis tissues of hypertensive rats by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). Rats have received nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (l-NAME, 40 mg kg(-1) , intraperitoneally) for 15 days to produce hypertension and propolis (200 mg kg(-1) , by gavage) during the last 5 days. MDA level in l-NAME-treated group significantly increased compared with control group (P < 0.01). MDA level of l-NAME + propolis-treated rats significantly reduced (P < 0.01) compared with l-NAME-treated group. CAT activity and NO level significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in l-NAME group compared with control group. There were no statistically significant increases in the CAT activity and NO level of the l-NAME + propolis group compared with the l-NAME-treated group (P > 0.01). These results suggest that propolis changes CAT activity, NO and MDA levels in testis of l-NAME-treated animals, and so it may modulate the antioxidant system.
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Patinha D, Afonso J, Sousa T, Morato M, Albino-Teixeira A. Activation of adenosine receptors improves renal antioxidant status in diabetic Wistar but not SHR rats. Ups J Med Sci 2014; 119:10-8. [PMID: 24195577 PMCID: PMC3916712 DOI: 10.3109/03009734.2013.851748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes and hypertension independently contribute to renal injury, and the major mechanisms involved are increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) bioavailability and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation. We investigated the role of adenosine in controlling ROS production and RAS activation associated with renal dysfunction in hypertension and diabetes. METHODS Fourteen days after induction of diabetes with streptozotocin in 12-week-old male Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats, animals were treated during 7 days with 2-chloroadenosine (CADO group, 5 mg/kg/d), a stable analogue of adenosine, or underwent a sham operation procedure. At the end of the study (day 21), intra-arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured, and 24-h urine and plasma samples and renal tissue were collected. RESULTS CADO treatment decreased the plasma glucose concentration and glucose and protein excretion by more than 30% in both strains. CADO treatment decreased SBP in diabetic SHR rats (143 ± 8 versus 114 ± 4 mmHg, p < 0.05), but not in diabetic Wistar rats. The hypotensive effect of CADO was associated to a ∼70% increase in plasma angiotensinogen (AGT) concentration and a ∼50% decrease in urinary AGT excretion. CADO also caused a decrease in medullary and cortical hydrogen peroxide production of about 40%, which was associated with a proportional increase in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in diabetic Wistar but not in diabetic SHR animals. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that activation of adenosine receptors improves renal antioxidant capacity in diabetic Wistar but not SHR rats, although it improves glucose metabolism in both strains. Furthermore, activation of adenosine receptors does not seem to be directly influencing AGT production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Patinha
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Neurofarmacologia, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Afonso
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Morato
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Neurofarmacologia, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências do Medicamento, Faculdade de Farmácia, REQUIMTE, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Neurofarmacologia, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Papazova DA, van Koppen A, Koeners MP, Bleys RL, Verhaar MC, Joles JA. Maintenance of hypertensive hemodynamics does not depend on ROS in established experimental chronic kidney disease. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88596. [PMID: 24533120 PMCID: PMC3922946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the presence of oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is well established, its relation to hypertensive renal hemodynamics remains unclear. We hypothesized that once CKD is established blood pressure and renal vascular resistance (RVR) no longer depend on reactive oxygen species. CKD was induced by bilateral ablation of 2/3 of each kidney. Compared to age-matched, sham-operated controls all ablated rats showed proteinuria, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR), more renal damage, higher mean arterial pressure (MAP), RVR and excretion of oxidative stress markers and hydrogen peroxide, while excretion of stable nitric oxide (NO) metabolites tended to decrease. We compared MAP, RVR, GFR and fractional excretion of sodium under baseline and during acute Tempol, PEG-catalase or vehicle infusion in rats with established CKD vs. controls. Tempol caused marked reduction in MAP in controls (96±5 vs.79±4 mmHg, P<0.05) but not in CKD (130±5 vs. 127±6 mmHg). PEG-catalase reduced MAP in both groups (controls: 102±2 vs. 94±4 mmHg, P<0.05; CKD: 118±4 vs. 110±4 mmHg, P<0.05), but did not normalize MAP in CKD rats. Tempol and PEG-catalase slightly decreased RVR in both groups. Fractional excretion of sodium was increased by both Tempol and PEG-catalase in both groups. PEG-catalase decreased TBARS excretion in both groups. In sum, although oxidative stress markers were increased, MAP and RVR did not depend more on oxidative stress in CKD than in controls. Therefore reactive oxygen species appear not to be important direct determinants of hypertensive renal hemodynamics in this model of established CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Papazova
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arianne van Koppen
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten P. Koeners
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald L. Bleys
- Department of Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Department of Nephrology & Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Talas ZS, Ozdemir I, Ciftci O, Cakir O, Gulhan MF, Pasaoglu OM. Role of propolis on biochemical parameters in kidney and heart tissues against L-NAME induced oxidative injury in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2014; 36:492-6. [PMID: 24490594 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2013.863322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), produced by endothelial NO synthase, is recognised as a central antiinflammatory and antiatherogenic principle in the vasculature. Epidemiological and clinical studies have demonstrated that a growing list of natural products, as components of the daily diet or phytomedical preparations, may improve vascular function by enhancing NO bioavailability. In this article, we investigated antioxidant effects of propolis on biochemical parameters in kidney and heart tissues of acute NO synthase inhibited rats by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME). There was increase (p < 0.001) in the activities of catalase and malondialdehyde levels in the l-NAME treatment groups when compared with control rats, but NO levels were decreased in both kidney and heart tissues. There were statistically significant changes (p < 0.001) in these parameters of l-NAME + propolis treated rats as compared with l-NAME-treated group. In summary, propolis may influence endothelial NO production.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Renal oxidative stress can be a cause, a consequence, or more often a potentiating factor for hypertension. Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the kidney have been reported in multiple models of hypertension and related to renal vasoconstriction and alterations of renal function. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase is the central source of ROS in the hypertensive kidney, but a defective antioxidant system also can contribute. RECENT ADVANCES Superoxide has been identified as the principal ROS implicated for vascular and tubular dysfunction, but hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been implicated in diminishing preglomerular vascular reactivity, and promoting medullary blood flow and pressure natriuresis in hypertensive animals. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increased renal ROS have been implicated in renal vasoconstriction, renin release, activation of renal afferent nerves, augmented contraction, and myogenic responses of afferent arterioles, enhanced tubuloglomerular feedback, dysfunction of glomerular cells, and proteinuria. Inhibition of ROS with antioxidants, superoxide dismutase mimetics, or blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or genetic deletion of one of the components of the signaling cascade often attenuates or delays the onset of hypertension and preserves the renal structure and function. Novel approaches are required to dampen the renal oxidative stress pathways to reduced O2(-•) rather than H2O2 selectivity and/or to enhance the endogenous antioxidant pathways to susceptible subjects to prevent the development and renal-damaging effects of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magali Araujo
- Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University , Washington, District of Columbia
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Sousa T, Oliveira S, Afonso J, Morato M, Patinha D, Fraga S, Carvalho F, Albino-Teixeira A. Role of H(2)O(2) in hypertension, renin-angiotensin system activation and renal medullary disfunction caused by angiotensin II. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:2386-401. [PMID: 22452317 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01957.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and increased renal medullary hydrogen peroxide (H(2) O(2) ) contribute to hypertension. We examined whether H(2) O(2) mediated hypertension and intrarenal RAS activation induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ang II (200 ng·kg(-1) ·min(-1) ) or saline were infused in Sprague Dawley rats from day 0 to day 14. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase (10 000 U·kg(-1) ·day(-1) ) was given to Ang II-treated rats, from day 7 to day 14. Systolic blood pressure was measured throughout the study. H(2) O(2) , angiotensin AT(1) receptor and Nox4 expression and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation were evaluated in the kidney. Plasma and urinary H(2) O(2) and angiotensinogen were also measured. KEY RESULTS Ang II increased H(2) O(2) , AT(1) receptor and Nox4 expression and NF-κB activation in the renal medulla, but not in the cortex. Ang II raised plasma and urinary H(2) O(2) levels, increased urinary angiotensinogen but reduced plasma angiotensinogen. PEG-catalase had a short-term antihypertensive effect and transiently suppressed urinary angiotensinogen. PEG-catalase decreased renal medullary expression of AT(1) receptors and Nox4 in Ang II-infused rats. Renal medullary NF-κB activation was correlated with local H(2) O(2) levels and urinary angiotensinogen excretion. Loss of antihypertensive efficacy was associated with an eightfold increase of plasma angiotensinogen. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The renal medulla is a major target for Ang II-induced redox dysfunction. H(2) O(2) appears to be the key mediator enhancing intrarenal RAS activation and decreasing systemic RAS activity. The specific control of renal medullary H(2) O(2) levels may provide future grounds for the treatment of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sousa
- Departamento de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Gao FH, Liu F, Wei W, Liu LB, Xu MH, Guo ZY, Li W, Jiang B, Wu YL. Oridonin induces apoptosis and senescence by increasing hydrogen peroxide and glutathione depletion in colorectal cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2012; 29:649-55. [PMID: 22294162 PMCID: PMC3577350 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2012.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that oridonin could induce apoptosis and senescence of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, the involvement of reactive oxygen species in oridonin-induced cell death and senescence was investigated in colon adenocarcinoma-derived SW1116 cells. Oridonin increased intracellular hydrogen peroxide levels and reduced the glutathione content in a dose-dependent manner. N-acetylcysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, not only blocked the oridonin-induced increase in hydrogen peroxide and glutathione depletion, but also blocked apoptosis and senescence induced by oridonin, as evidenced by the decrease in Annexin V and senescence-associated β-galactosidase- positive cells and the inhibition of oridonin-induced upregulation of p53 and p16 and downregulation of c-Myc. Moreover, exogenous catalase could inhibit the increase in hydrogen peroxide and apoptosis induced by oridonin, but not the glutathione depletion and senescence. Furthermore, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity was reduced by oridonin in vitro and in cells, which may cause the increase in hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the increase in hydrogen peroxide and glutathione depletion account for oridonin-induced apoptosis and senescence in colorectal cancer cells, and TrxR inhibition is involved in this process. Given the importance of TrxR as a novel cancer target in colon cancer, oridonin would be a promising clinical candidate. The mechanism of oridonin-induced inhibition of TrxR warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hou Gao
- Number 3 People's Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201900, PR China
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Sanjani MS, Teng B, Krahn T, Tilley S, Ledent C, Mustafa SJ. Contributions of A2A and A2B adenosine receptors in coronary flow responses in relation to the KATP channel using A2B and A2A/2B double-knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H2322-33. [PMID: 21949117 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00052.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine plays a role in physiological and pathological conditions, and A(2) adenosine receptor (AR) expression is modified in many cardiovascular disorders. In this study, we elucidated the role of the A(2B)AR and its relationship to the A(2A)AR in coronary flow (CF) changes using A(2B) single-knockout (KO) and A(2A/2B) double-KO (DKO) mice in a Langendorff setup. We used two approaches: 1) selective and nonselective AR agonists and antagonists and 2) A(2A)KO and A(2B)KO and A(2A/2B)DKO mice. BAY 60-6583 (a selective A(2B) agonist) had no effect on CF in A(2B)KO mice, whereas it significantly increased CF in wild-type (WT) mice (maximum of 23.3 ± 9 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)). 5'-N-ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA; a nonselective AR agonist) increased CF in A(2B)KO mice (maximum of 34.6 ± 4.7 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)) to a significantly higher degree compared with WT mice (maximum of 23.1 ± 2.1 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)). Also, CGS-21680 (a selective A(2A) agonist) increased CF in A(2B)KO mice (maximum of 29 ± 1.9 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)) to a significantly higher degree compared with WT mice (maximum of 25.1 ± 2.3 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)). SCH-58261 (an A(2A)-selective antagonist) inhibited the NECA-induced increase in CF to a significantly higher degree in A(2B)KO mice (19.3 ± 1.6 vs. 0.5 ± 0.4 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)) compared with WT mice (19 ± 3.5 vs. 3.6 ± 0.5 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)). NECA did not induce any increase in CF in A(2A/2B)DKO mice, whereas a significant increase was observed in WT mice (maximum of 23.1 ± 2.1 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)). Furthermore, the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel blocker 5-hydroxydecanoate had no effect on the NECA-induced increase in CF in WT mice, whereas the NECA-induced increase in CF in WT (17.6 ± 2 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)), A(2A)KO (12.5 ± 2.3 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)), and A(2B)KO (16.2 ± 0.8 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)) mice was significantly blunted by the K(ATP) channel blocker glibenclamide (to 0.7 ± 0.7, 2.3 ± 1.1, and 0.9 ± 0.4 ml·min(-1)·g(-1), respectively). Also, the CGS-21680-induced (22 ± 2.3 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)) and BAY 60-6583-induced (16.4 ± 1.60 ml·min(-1)·g(-1)) increase in CF in WT mice was significantly blunted by glibenclamide (to 1.2 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 1.2 ml·min(-1)·g(-1), respectively). In conclusion, this is the first evidence supporting the compensatory upregulation of A(2A)ARs in A(2B)KO mice and demonstrates that both A(2A)ARs and A(2B)ARs induce CF changes through K(ATP) channels. These results identify AR-mediated CF responses that may lead to better therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifi Sanjani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Cardiovascular Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
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Damon DH. Vascular endothelial growth factor protects post-ganglionic sympathetic neurones from the detrimental effects of hydrogen peroxide by increasing catalase. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 203:271-8. [PMID: 21276205 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM Vascular production of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is implicated in the development and progression of vascular disease. Hydrogen peroxide also promotes neuronal degeneration, which suggests that vascular H(2)O(2) would promote degeneration of perivascular sympathetic nerves. Vascular cells also produce vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which could protect perivascular nerves from the detrimental effects of H(2)O(2) . The aim of this study was to test these hypotheses. METHODS The effects of H(2)O(2) and VEGF on neuronal survival and noradrenaline uptake were studied in cultures of rat post-ganglionic sympathetic neurones. Western analyses of catalase and growth associated protein 43 were performed and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using the fluorescent indicator 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2'7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester. RESULTS Hydrogen peroxide (30 μm) decreased the survival of post-ganglionic sympathetic neurones (57.8 ± 4.8% of control) and decreased noradrenaline uptake into the neurones (14 ± 6% of control). Hyperglycaemia, which is known to increase H(2)O(2), also decreased survival (31.4 ± 12% of control) and noradrenaline uptake (42 ± 18.4% of control). VEGF reduced the effects of H(2)O(2) (94.3 ± 12% of control) and hyperglycaemia (83.5 ± 23.6% of control) on survival. VEGF increased catalase, a primary determinant of intracellular concentrations of H(2)O(2) , and decreased H(2)O(2) -induced increases in ROS. CONCLUSION These results indicate that VEGF protects post-ganglionic sympathetic neurones from the detrimental effects of H(2)O(2). Our data suggest that an increase in catalase is the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Damon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.
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Yang W, Zhang J, Wang H, Gao P, Singh M, Shen K, Fang N. Angiotensin II downregulates catalase expression and activity in vascular adventitial fibroblasts through an AT1R/ERK1/2-dependent pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:21-9. [PMID: 21660462 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0915-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a profound regulatory effect on NADPH oxidase and the functional features of vascular adventitial fibroblasts, but its role in antioxidant enzyme defense remains unclear. This study investigated the effect of Ang II on expressions and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in adventitial fibroblasts and the possible mechanism involved. Ang II decreased the expression and activity of CAT in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but not that of SOD and GPx. The effects were abolished by the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker losartan and AT1R small-interfering RNA (siRNA). Incubation with polyethylene glycol-CAT prevented the Ang II-induced effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and myofibroblast differentiation. Moreover, Ang II rapidly induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, which was reversed by losartan and AT1R siRNA. Pharmacological blockade of ERK1/2 improved Ang II-induced decrease in CAT protein expression. These in vitro results indicate that Ang II induces ERK1/2 activation, contributing to the downregulation of CAT as well as promoting oxidative stress and adventitial fibroblast phenotypic differentiation in an AT1R-mediated manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, RenJi Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200001, China
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Endogenous hydrogen peroxide up-regulates the expression of nitric oxide synthase in the kidney of SHR. J Hypertens 2011; 29:1167-74. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283468367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fu AL, Zhou CY, Chen X. Thyroid hormone prevents cognitive deficit in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2010; 58:722-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 12/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Simonsen U, Christensen FH, Buus NH. The effect of tempol on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and blood pressure. Pharmacol Ther 2009; 122:109-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Castro MM, Rizzi E, Rodrigues GJ, Ceron CS, Bendhack LM, Gerlach RF, Tanus-Santos JE. Antioxidant treatment reduces matrix metalloproteinase-2-induced vascular changes in renovascular hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1298-307. [PMID: 19248829 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that structural and functional vascular changes associated with two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) hypertension result, at least in part, from altered activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Because MMPs are upregulated by increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that antioxidant approaches could attenuate the increases in MMP-2 expression/activity and the vascular dysfunction and remodeling associated with 2K-1C hypertension. Sham-operated or 2K-1C hypertensive rats were treated with tempol 18 mg/kg/day or apocyanin 25 mg/kg/day (or vehicle). Systolic blood pressure was monitored weekly. After 8 weeks of treatment, aortic rings were isolated to assess endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation. Quantitative morphometry of structural changes in the aortic wall was studied in hematoxylin/eosin sections. Aortic and systemic ROS levels were measured using dihydroethidine and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, respectively. Aortic MMP-2 levels and activity were determined by gelatin and in situ zymography, fluorimetry, and immunohistochemistry. Tempol and apocyanin attenuated 2K-1C hypertension (181+/-20.8 and 192+/-17.6 mm Hg, respectively, versus 213+/-18 mm Hg in hypertensive controls; both p<0.05) and prevented the reduction in endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation found in 2K-1C rats. Tempol, but not apocyanin (p>0.05), prevented the vascular remodeling found in 2K-1C rats (all p<0.01). Tempol was more effective than apocyanin in attenuating hypertension-induced increases in oxidative stress (both p<0.05), MMP-2 levels, and MMP-2 activity in hypertensive rats (all p<0.05). Our results suggest that antioxidant approaches decrease MMP-2 upregulation and attenuate the vascular dysfunction and remodeling during 2K-1C hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Castro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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Lin CC, Yin MC, Liu WH. Alleviative effects of s-allyl cysteine and s-ethyl cysteine on MCD diet-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:3401-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2008] [Revised: 08/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pal GK, Pal P, Nanda N, Amudharaj D, Karthik S. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) may predict the future development of essential hypertension. Med Hypotheses 2008; 72:183-5. [PMID: 18851902 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Presently, essential hypertension (EH) is among the most common morbid disorders of mankind. The fundamental pathophysiology of EH is sympathetic overactivity. It has been observed that the people having common risk factors for hypertension such as obesity, insulin resistance and stress generally have increased sympathetic activity. Therefore, it is presumed that patients suffering from EH develop some degree of increased sympathetic activity much before they clinically develop hypertension. Spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) has been demonstrated to accurately assess change in sympathovagal balance (autonomic activity) even when the alteration is in its minimal form. Therefore, in the present paper we hypothesize that spectral analysis of HRV could be utilized for early prediction of EH. We also suggest that the predictive knowledge of sympathovagal imbalance in the development of EH should be employed in elucidating the mechanisms for prevention of this dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Pal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Medical Education and Research, Puducherry 605 006, India.
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