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Li M, Xue W, Li X, Song Y, Liu X, Qin L. Axl is related to inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Mol Immunol 2021; 133:146-153. [PMID: 33667984 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemodialysis (HD) patients often develop chronic inflammation, which is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and mortality. Axl and its ligand, growth arrest 6 (Gas6), have been reported to play key roles in regulating the immune response. However, the function of Axl in HD patients has not been clarified. METHODS In the present study, we enrolled 130 HD patients and 117 normal controls (NCs) and evaluated the levels of inflammatory markers, soluble Axl (sAxl), membrane Axl (mAxl), and Gas6 in all participants. The potential downstream cascades of Gas6-Axl signaling in HD patients were identified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The levels of inflammatory cytokines-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-plasma sAxl, and Gas6, were significantly increased in HD patients compared to NCs. Additionally, sAxl was positively associated with the inflammatory factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), in HD patients. Moreover, we found that mAxl in CD14+ mononuclear cells and CD19+ B cells was increased upon HD. Furthermore, we discovered that the metalloproteinase ADAM17, also called TACE, contributed to the cleavage of mAxl into sAxl, and not ADAM10, in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HD patients. The upregulation of Gas6-mAxl signaling caused the activation of the STAT1-SOCS3 pathway in the PBMCs of HD patients. After two years follow-up, patients with lower sAxl levels had longer survival time than those with higher sAxl levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Axl may play a significant role in systemic inflammation in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Wen Xue
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Yaxiang Song
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Xinying Liu
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Nephrology & Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 301, Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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Eftekharian MM, Omrani MD, Komaki A, Arsang-Jang S, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Fard S. Expression Analysis of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) Genes in Blood of Autistic Patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3233/nib-180144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mir Davood Omrani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shahram Arsang-Jang
- Clinical Research Development Center (CRDU), Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Mohamad HE, Asker ME, Keshawy MM, Abdel Aal SM, Mahmoud YK. Infliximab ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-alpha exacerbated renal insulin resistance induced in rats by regulating insulin signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 872:172959. [PMID: 32004528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infliximab (IFX), a monoclonal antibody for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), is known to restore blood glucose homeostasis. However, its effects on improving renal insulin resistance (IR) are not yet studied. So we investigate the impact of infliximab on renal insulin signaling pathway in IR rat model regarding to metformin (MET). The induced IR was confirmed by a high oral glucose tolerance test, an elevation of lipid profile and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance 2 (HOMA-IR 2) values. Subsequently, IR rats were concurrently treated with either MET (100 mg/kg/day) or IFX (one dose 5 mg/kg) besides IR and normal control (NC) groups. Four weeks later, IR control rats displayed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and elevation in HOMA-IR 2, renal function markers and renal tissue TNF-α, interleukins-1β and 6 (Il-1β, IL-6) and suppressor of cytokines signaling 3 (SOCS3) contents as well as glomerulosclerosis when compared to NC group. Additionally, the phosphorylation of renal insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) were markedly impaired. Treatment with either MET or IFX significantly improved IR and kidney functions. The effects of the drugs were achieved by the downregulation of renal inflammatory cytokines and SOCS3 levels and the amelioration of the renal IRS1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In conclusion, MET and IFX ameliorated the TNF-α worsening effect on IR in rat renal tissues by regulating insulin signaling. Interestingly, infliximab was superior to metformin in regulating insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, infliximab could be used as an adjuvant therapy in improving renal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mervat E Asker
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Keshawy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Ismailia, 41522, Suez Canal University, Egypt
| | - Sara M Abdel Aal
- Department of Histology& Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Yasmin K Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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Yogasundaram H, Chappell MC, Braam B, Oudit GY. Cardiorenal Syndrome and Heart Failure-Challenges and Opportunities. Can J Cardiol 2019; 35:1208-1219. [PMID: 31300181 PMCID: PMC9257995 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndromes (CRS) describe concomitant bidirectional dysfunction of the heart and kidneys in which 1 organ initiates, perpetuates, and/or accelerates decline of the other. CRS are common in heart failure and universally portend worsened prognosis. Despite this heavy disease burden, the appropriate diagnosis and classification of CRS remains problematic. In addition to the hemodynamic drivers of decreased renal perfusion and increased renal vein pressure, induction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, disruption of balance between nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of CRS. Medical therapy of heart failure including renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition and β-adrenergic blockade can blunt these deleterious processes. Renovascular disease can accelerate the progression of CRS. Volume overload and diuretic resistance are common and complicate the management of CRS. In heart failure and CRS being treated with diuretics, worsening creatinine is not associated with worsened outcome if clinical decongestion is achieved. Adjunctive therapy is often required in the management of volume overload in CRS, but evidence for these therapies is limited. Anemia and iron deficiency are importantly associated with CRS and might amplify decline of cardiac and renal function. End-stage cardiac and/or renal disease represents an especially poor prognosis with limited therapeutic options. Overall, worsening renal function is associated with significantly increased mortality. Despite progress in the area of CRS, there are still multiple pathophysiological and clinical aspects of CRS that need further research to eventually develop effective therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haran Yogasundaram
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark C Chappell
- Department of Surgery/Hypertension and Vascular Research, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Branko Braam
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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Kim HY, Yoo TH, Cho JY, Kim HC, Lee WW. Indoxyl sulfate-induced TNF-α is regulated by crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, NF-κB, and SOCS2 in human macrophages. FASEB J 2019; 33:10844-10858. [PMID: 31284759 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900730r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite the crucial role of uremia-related immune dysfunction, a majority of studies attempting to elucidate its pathogenic role in CVD have focused on IS-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in IS-induced production of TNF-α, a major cardiotoxic cytokine, by human macrophages. We found that crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), NF-κB, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)2 is important for TNF-α production in IS-stimulated human macrophages. IS-activated AhR rapidly associates with the p65 NF-κB subunit, resulting in mutual inhibition of AhR and NF-κB and inhibition of TNF-α production at an early time point. Later, this repression of TNF-α production is alleviated when SOCS2, a negative modulator of NF-κB, is directly induced by IS-activated AhR. In addition, once free of inhibition, activated AhR induces TNF-α expression by interacting with AhR binding sites in the TNF-α gene. Lastly, we confirmed decreased AhR and increased SOCS2 expression in monocytes of patients with end-stage renal disease, indicating the activation of AhR. Taken together, our results suggest that IS-induced TNF-α production in macrophages is regulated through a complicated mechanism involving interaction of AhR, NF-κB, and SOCS2.-Kim, H. Y., Yoo, T.-H., Cho, J.-Y., Kim, H. C., Lee, W.-W. Indoxyl sulfate-induced TNF-α is regulated by crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, NF-κB, and SOCS2 in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Cancer Research Institute
| | | | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine-Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Cancer Research Institute.,Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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Kurano M, Darestani SG, Shinnakasu A, Yamamoto K, Dochi Y, Uemura K, Ikeda Y, Kikuchi A, Hashiguchi H, Deguchi T, Nishio Y. mRNA expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with albuminuria and vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 136:124-133. [PMID: 29247656 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Renal dysfunction in addition to diabetes is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that some of the changes in gene expression in blood cells cause renal dysfunction and macrovascular disease through impaired endothelial function. This study aimed to define which changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are related to renal function parameters and endothelial function of large arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We recruited 95 patients with T2DM. After matching for gender, age, BMI and HbA1c levels, the patient cohort included 42 with normoalbuminuria, 28 with microalbuminuria, and 25 with macroalbuminuria. All patients in the three groups were assessed for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and mRNA expression in PBMCs. RESULTS The mRNA expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) differed most markedly between the three groups and was significantly higher in the macroalbuminuric group (p < 0.001 vs. normoalbuminuric group; p < 0.05 vs. microalbuminuric group). PAFR mRNA expression significantly correlated with log transformed ACR (ρ = 0.424, p < 0.001) but not eGFR. PAFR mRNA expression also had a significant negative correlation with FMD (ρ = -0.379, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of macrovascular complications, particularly stroke, was significantly higher in patients with elevated PAFR mRNA expression in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS PAFR overexpression in PBMCs may link diabetic nephropathy to macroangiopathy through impairment of endothelial function in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Kurano
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Sahar Ghavidel Darestani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinnakasu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yukari Dochi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kayo Uemura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashiguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takahisa Deguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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Farquharson C, Ahmed SF. Inflammation and linear bone growth: the inhibitory role of SOCS2 on GH/IGF-1 signaling. Pediatr Nephrol 2013; 28:547-56. [PMID: 22886280 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-012-2271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Linear bone growth is widely recognized to be adversely affected in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other chronic inflammatory disorders. The growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) pathway is anabolic to the skeleton and inflammatory cytokines compromise bone growth through a number of different mechanisms, which include interference with the systemic as well as the tissue-level GH/IGF-1 axis. Despite attempts to promote growth and control disease, there are an increasing number of reports of the persistence of poor growth in a substantial proportion of patients receiving rhGH and/or drugs that block cytokine action. Thus, there is an urgent need to consider better and alternative forms of therapy that are directed specifically at the mechanism of the insult which leads to abnormal bone health. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) expression is increased in inflammatory conditions including CKD, and is a recognized inhibitor of GH signaling. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the premise that SOCS2 signaling represents a critical pathway in growth plate chondrocytes through which pro-inflammatory cytokines alter both GH/IGF-1 signaling and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Farquharson
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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Jie KE, van der Putten K, Wesseling S, Joles JA, Bergevoet MW, Pepers-de Kort F, Doevendans PA, Yasui Y, Liu Q, Verhaar MC, Gaillard CA, Braam B. Short-term erythropoietin treatment does not substantially modulate monocyte transcriptomes of patients with combined heart and renal failure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41339. [PMID: 22957013 PMCID: PMC3434212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Combined heart and renal failure is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, non-hematopoietic effects of erythropoietin (EPO) treatment have been proposed. Monocytes may act as biosensors of the systemic environment. We hypothesized that monocyte transcriptomes of patients with cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) reflect the pathophysiology of the CRS and respond to short-term EPO treatment at a recommended dose for treatment of renal anemia. METHODS Patients with CRS and anemia (n = 18) included in the EPOCARES trial were matched to healthy controls (n = 12). Patients were randomized to receive 50 IU/kg/week EPO or not. RNA from CD14(+)-monocytes was subjected to genome wide expression analysis (Illumina) at baseline and 18 days (3 EPO injections) after enrolment. Transcriptomes from patients were compared to healthy controls and effect of EPO treatment was evaluated within patients. RESULTS In CRS patients, expression of 471 genes, including inflammation and oxidative stress related genes was different from healthy controls. Cluster analysis did not separate patients from healthy controls. The 6 patients with the highest hsCRP levels had more differentially expressed genes than the 6 patients with the lowest hsCRP levels. Analysis of the variation in log(2) ratios of all individual 18 patients indicated that 4 of the 18 patients were different from the controls, whereas the other 14 were quite similar. After short-term EPO treatment, every patient clustered to his or her own baseline transcriptome. Two week EPO administration only marginally affected expression profiles on average, however, individual gene responses were variable. CONCLUSIONS In stable, treated CRS patients with mild anemia, monocyte transcriptomes were modestly altered, and indicated imprints of inflammation and oxidative stress. EPO treatment with a fixed dose has hematopoietic effects, had no appreciable beneficial actions on monocyte transcription profiles, however, could also not be associated with undesirable transcriptional responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim E. Jie
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karien van der Putten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan Wesseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap A. Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes W. Bergevoet
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yutaka Yasui
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Marianne C. Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo A. Gaillard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meander Medical Center Amersfoort, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Branko Braam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Insulin resistance in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:691369. [PMID: 22919275 PMCID: PMC3420350 DOI: 10.1155/2012/691369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a central role in the metabolic syndrome and is associated with increased risk for CKD in nondiabetic patients. IR is common in patients with mild-to-moderate stage CKD, even when the glomerular filtration rate is within the normal range. IR, along with oxidative stress and inflammation, also promotes kidney disease. In patients with end stage renal disease, IR is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and is linked to protein energy wasting and malnutrition. Systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, elevated serum adipokines and fetuin-A, metabolic acidosis, vitamin D deficiency, depressed serum erythropoietin, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and suppressors of cytokine signaling all cause IR by suppressing insulin receptor-PI3K-Akt pathways in CKD. In addition to adequate renal replacement therapy and correction of uremia-associated factors, thiazolidinedione, ghrelin, protein restriction, and keto-acid supplementation are therapeutic options. Weight control, reduced daily prednisolone dosage, and the use of cyclosporin decrease the risk of developing new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation. Improved understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying IR in CKD may lead to more effective therapeutic strategies to reduce uremia-associated morbidity and mortality.
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Li Z, Liang Y, Tang H, Luo B, Chen Z, Wu J, Yang Q, Ma Z. Effect of anaphylactic shock on suppressors of cytokine signaling. Immunol Invest 2011; 39:740-53. [PMID: 20840058 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2010.494192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiologic mechanisms of anaphylactic shock still remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the changes of expression and translation of SOCS1/SOCS3 in the heart, lungs, kidney, liver and spleen from patients who died of anaphylactic shock. Samples from the same viscera of 8 patients who died of anaphylactic shock and 8 healthy controls who died from accidents were collected in the present study. The level of IgE was measured in heart, and SOCS1/ SOCS3 mRNA and protein expression were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. As a result, the higher IgE level was detected in the blood samples from the patients' heart than the control. SOCS1 and SOCS3 protein were significantly increased in the kidney and liver than the control. After anaphylactic shock, the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA were also increased. The expression level of SOCS3 mRNA was higher than that of SOCS1 in all viscera, and both were the highest in liver and kidney. There was a positive correlation between SOCS1 mRNA and SOCS3 mRNA in liver and kidney after anaphylactic shock. Our results indicate that SOCS1 and SOCS3 may play a regulatory role in anaphylactic shock viscera injury processes during anaphylactic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Department of General Internal Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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