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Meng-Ru Z, Ruo-Xuan S, Ming-Yang Y, Tong T, Lei Z, Ying-Bo Y, Bao-Guo X. Antagonizing astrocytic platelet activating factor receptor-neuroinflammation for total flavone of epimedium in response to cuprizone demyelination. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108181. [PMID: 34607229 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system are characterized by recurrent demyelination and progressive neurodegeneration, but there are no clinical drugs targeting myelin regeneration or improving functional disability in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Total flavone of Epimedium (TFE) is the main active components of Epimedium, which exhibits the beneficial biological activities in the treatment of diseases, but there is no report in the treatment of demyelinating disorder. The purpose of this study was to explore the therapeutic potential and possible mechanism of TFE in the treatment of demyelination. The results showed that TFE efficiently improved the behavioural performance and histological demyelination in cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelinating model. In terms of action, TFE increased astrocytes enrichment in corpus callosum, striatum and cortex, and promoted astrocytes to express neurotrophic factors. Furthermore, the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) in astrocytes was induced by CPZ feeding and LPS stimulation, accompanied by the increase of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β. TFE declined the expression of PAFR, and inhibited inflammatory response. At the same time, TFE also antagonized PAFR activation and inflammatory response triggered by PAF, which further confirmed that TFE, as a new PAFR antagonist, inhibited the astrocyte-derived inflammatory response by antagonizing PAFR-neuroinflammation axis, thus contributing to myelin protection and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Meng-Ru
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sui Ruo-Xuan
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Ming-Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tian Tong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhang Lei
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Ying-Bo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Bao-Guo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Midgley A, Barakat D, Braitch M, Nichols C, Nebozhyn M, Edwards LJ, Fox SC, Gran B, Robins RA, Showe LC, Constantinescu CS. PAF-R on activated T cells: Role in the IL-23/Th17 pathway and relevance to multiple sclerosis. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152023. [PMID: 33278709 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 is a potent stimulus for Th17 cells. These cells have a distinct developmental pathway from Th1 cells induced by IL-12 and are implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS). TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-1, the transcriptional regulator RORγt (RORC) and IL-23 are implicated in Th17 development and maintenance. In human polyclonally activated T cells, IL-23 enhances IL-17 production. The aims of our study were: 1). To validate microarray results showing preferential expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAF-R) on IL-23 stimulated T cells. 2). To determine whether PAF-R on activated T cells is functional, whether it is co-regulated with Th17-associated molecules, and whether it is implicated in Th17 function. 3). To determine PAF-R expression in MS. We show that PAF-R is expressed on activated T cells, and is inducible by IL-23 and IL-17, which in turn are induced by PAF binding to PAF-R. PAF-R is co-expressed with IL-17 and regulated similarly with Th17 markers IL-17A, IL-17F, IL-22 and RORC. PAF-R is upregulated on PBMC and T cells of MS patients, and levels correlate with IL-17 and with MS disability scores. Our results show that PAF-R on T cells is associated with the Th17 phenotype and function. Clinical Implications Targeting PAF-R may interfere with Th17 function and offer therapeutic intervention in Th17-associated conditions, including MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Midgley
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; The Academy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dina Barakat
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Manjit Braitch
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Laura J Edwards
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom; Division of Rehabilitation, University of Nottingham, Derby Royal Hospital, Derby DE22 3NE, United Kingdom
| | - Susan C Fox
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Cardiovascular and Stroke Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Gran
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - R Adrian Robins
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cris S Constantinescu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Clinical Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
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Kurano M, Darestani SG, Shinnakasu A, Yamamoto K, Dochi Y, Uemura K, Ikeda Y, Kikuchi A, Hashiguchi H, Deguchi T, Nishio Y. mRNA expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with albuminuria and vascular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 136:124-133. [PMID: 29247656 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Renal dysfunction in addition to diabetes is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular events. We hypothesized that some of the changes in gene expression in blood cells cause renal dysfunction and macrovascular disease through impaired endothelial function. This study aimed to define which changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are related to renal function parameters and endothelial function of large arteries in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS We recruited 95 patients with T2DM. After matching for gender, age, BMI and HbA1c levels, the patient cohort included 42 with normoalbuminuria, 28 with microalbuminuria, and 25 with macroalbuminuria. All patients in the three groups were assessed for urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), and mRNA expression in PBMCs. RESULTS The mRNA expression of platelet activating factor receptor (PAFR) differed most markedly between the three groups and was significantly higher in the macroalbuminuric group (p < 0.001 vs. normoalbuminuric group; p < 0.05 vs. microalbuminuric group). PAFR mRNA expression significantly correlated with log transformed ACR (ρ = 0.424, p < 0.001) but not eGFR. PAFR mRNA expression also had a significant negative correlation with FMD (ρ = -0.379, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of macrovascular complications, particularly stroke, was significantly higher in patients with elevated PAFR mRNA expression in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS PAFR overexpression in PBMCs may link diabetic nephropathy to macroangiopathy through impairment of endothelial function in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Kurano
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Sahar Ghavidel Darestani
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shinnakasu
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Yamamoto
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yukari Dochi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kayo Uemura
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yuko Ikeda
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashiguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takahisa Deguchi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Nishio
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrine Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
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Ji RL, Xia SH, Di Y, Xu W. Mechanism and dose-effect of Ginkgolide B on severe acute pancreatitis of rats. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:2241-7. [PMID: 21633536 PMCID: PMC3092878 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i17.2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the optimal dosage and mechanism of Ginkgolide B (BN52021) on severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) of rats.
METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven groups (10 for each group). Sham-operation group (SO), SAP model group (SAP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) contrast group (DMSO), and groups treated with 2.5 mg/kg BN52021 (BN1), 5 mg/kg BN52021 (BN2), 10 mg/kg BN52021 (BN3), and 20 μg/kg Sandostatin (SS). The SAP model was established in Wistar rats by injecting 5% sodium taurocholate retrogradely into the common bilio-pancreatic duct. The rats of SO, DMSO and BN52021 were injected with 0.9% NaCl, 0.5% DMSO and BN52021 through femoral vein 15 min after the operation. The SS group was injected with Sandostatin subcutaneously. All rats were anaesthetized at 6 h after operation, and venous blood was collected to determine the levels of serum amylase and phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and pancreas tissue was harvested and stained.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the SAP and DMSO groups in serum amylase level, PLA2, ascites and pathologic score, but significant difference was found in SAP/DMSO groups compared with those in SO group (P < 0.05) and the levels of serum amylase, PLA2, ascites, and pathologic score were lower in the BN1, BN2, BN3 and SS groups than in the SAP and DMSO groups (P < 0.05). However, among BN1, BN2, BN3 and SS groups, BN2 had the best effect in decreasing the levels of serum amylase and PLA2 (P < 0.05). Expression of platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor (PAFR) mRNA and protein showed no significant difference between the SAP and DMSO groups, or among BN1, BN2, BN3 and SS groups, but there was remarkable difference between SAP/DMSO group and SO group (P < 0.05), and expression of PAFR mRNA and protein was higher in the BN1, BN2, BN3 and SS groups than in the SAP and DMSO groups (P < 0.05). PAFR expression was observed in the nucleus and cytoplasm of pancreatic islet cells in Wistar rats by immunohistochemistry.
CONCLUSION: By iv injection, 5 mg/kg of BN52021 is the optimal dosage for SAP rats. BN52021 may inhibit the interaction/binding of PAF with PAFR.
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Xia SH, Hu CX, Zhao ZL, Xia GD, Di Y. Significance of platelet activating factor receptor expression in pancreatic tissues of rats with severe acute pancreatitis and effects of BN52021. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:2992-8. [PMID: 17589953 PMCID: PMC4171155 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i21.2992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the dynamic changes and signi-ficance of platelet activating factor receptor (PAF-R) mRNA and protein in pancreatic tissues of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and effects of BN52021 (Ginkgolide B).
METHODS: Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to the negative control group (NC group), SAP model group (SAP group), and BN52051-remedy group (BN group), and each of the groups was divided into 6 subgroups at different time points after operation (1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h) (n = 10 in each). PT-PCR and Western blot methods were used to detect PAF-RmRNA and protein expression in pancreatic tissues of rats respectively. Pathological examination of pancreatic tissues was performed and the serum amylase change was detected.
RESULTS: Serum amylase and pathological results showed the that SAP model was successfully prepared, BN52021 was able to decrease serum amylase, and the pathological ratings in BN group at 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h significantly decreased compared with those in the SAP group (8.85 ± 0.39 vs 5.95 ± 0.19, 9.15 ± 0.55 vs 5.55 ± 0.36, 10.10 ± 0.65 vs 6.72 ± 0.30, P < 0.05). The result of PAF-mRNA showed dynamic changes in SAP and BN groups, which increased gradually in early stage, reached a peak at 3 h (0.71 ± 0.14 vs 0.54 ± 0.14, 0.69 ± 0.13 vs 0.59 ± 0.04, P < 0.05), and decreased gradually later. There were significant differences at each time point except 1 h and 2 h, when compared with those in the NC group (0.71 ± 0.14 or 0.69 ± 0.13 vs 0.47 ± 0.10, 0.38 ± 0.08 or 0.59 ± 0.04 vs 0.47 ± 0.09, 0.25 ± 0.07 or 0.29 ± 0.05 vs 0.46 ± 0.10, 0.20 ± 0.06 or 0.20 ± 0.04 vs 0.43 ± 0.09, P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between BN and SAP groups at each time point. The result of PAF-R protein showed that the change of PAF-R protein in the SAP group and the BN group was consistent with that of PAF-R mRNA. There were significant differences at each time point except 1 h, when compared with those in the NC group (0.90 ± 0.02 or 0.80 ± 0.05 vs 0.48 ± 0.02, 1.69 ± 0.06 or 1.58 ± 0.02 vs 0.48 ± 0.03, 1.12 ± 0.10 or 0.98 ± 0.03 vs 0.49 ± 0.09, 1.04 ± 0.14 or 0.87 ± 0.02 vs 0.52 ± 0.08, 0.97 ± 0.16 or 0.90 ± 0.05 vs 0.49 ± 0.10, P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant difference between the BN group and the SAP group.
CONCLUSION: PAF-R plays an important role in occurrence and development of SAP. BN52021 exerts biological effects through competitively inhibiting the binding of increased both PAF and PAF-R expression rather than through decreasing PAF-R expression in pancreatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hai Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pancreas Center of Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Chenglinzhuang Road, Tianjin 300162, China.
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