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Uchino M, Sashide Y, Takeda M. Suppression of the Excitability of Rat Nociceptive Secondary Sensory Neurons following Local Administration of the Phytochemical, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Brain Res 2023:148426. [PMID: 37257804 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical, polyphenolic compound, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), is the main catechin found in green tea. Although a modulatory effect of EGCG on voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels has been reported in excitable tissues, the in vivo effect of EGCG on the excitability of nociceptive sensory neurons remains to be determined. Our aim was to investigate whether local administration of EGCG to rats attenuates the excitability of nociceptive spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (SpVc) neurons in response to mechanical stimulation in vivo. Extracellular single unit recordings were made from SpVc neurons in response to orofacial mechanical stimulation of anesthetized rats. The mean firing frequency of SpVc wide-dynamic range neurons following both non-noxious and noxious mechanical stimuli was significantly inhibited by EGCG in a dose-dependent and reversible manner. The mean magnitude of inhibition by EGCG on SpVc neuronal discharge frequency was similar to that of the local anesthetic, 1% lidocaine. Local injection of half-dose of lidocaine replaced the half-dose of EGCG. These results suggest that local injection of EGCG suppresses the excitability of nociceptive SpVc neurons, possibly via the inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels and opening of voltage-gated potassium channels in the trigeminal ganglion. Therefore, administration of EGCG as a local anesthetic may provide relief from trigeminal nociceptive pain without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuho Uchino
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yukito Sashide
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takeda
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
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Lu F, Zhang G, Zhu Y, Liu Z. (-)-Epigallocatechin Gallate Attenuates Spinal Motoneuron Death Induced by Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion in Rats. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5139-5154. [PMID: 35579165 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220509204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Recent studies have indicated that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) benefits a variety of neurological insults. This study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of EGCG after brachial plexus root avulsion in SD rats.
Methods:
One hundred twenty SD rats were randomized into the following three groups: an EGCG group, an Avulsion group, and a Sham group. There were 40 rats in each group. EGCG (100 mg/kg, i.p.) or normal saline was administered to rats immediately following the injuries. The treatment was continued from day 1 to day 7, and the animals were sacrificed on days 3, 7, 14 and 28 post-surgery for the harvesting of spinal cord samples for Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry (caspase-3, p-JNK, p-c-Jun) and western blot analysis (p-JNK, JNK, p-c-Jun, c-Jun).
Results:
EGCG treatment caused significant increases in the percentage of surviving motoneurons at days 14 and 28 (P<0.05) compared to the control animals. At days 3 and 7 after avulsion, the numbers of caspase-3-positive motoneurons in the EGCG-treated animals were significantly fewer than in the control animals (P<0.05). The numbers of p-JNK-positive motoneurons and the ratio of p-JNK/JNK were no significant differences between the Avulsion group and the EGCG-treated group after injury at any time point. The numbers of p-c-Jun-positive motoneurons and the ratio of p-c-Jun/c-Jun were significantly lower in EGCG-treated group compared with the Avulsion group at 3d and 7d after injury (p<0.05).
Conclusions:
Our results indicated that motoneurons were protected by EGCG against the cell death induced by brachial plexus root avulsion, and this effect was correlated with inhibiting c-Jun phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatai Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yingkang Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No.4 Chongshan Dong Street, Huanggu District, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, PR China
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Biophysical Characterization of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Effect on the Cardiac Sodium Channel Na v1.5. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040902. [PMID: 32085432 PMCID: PMC7070937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) has been extensively studied for its protective effect against cardiovascular disorders. This effect has been attributed to its action on multiple molecular pathways and transmembrane proteins, including the cardiac Nav1.5 channels, which are inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains to be unveiled. To this aim, we have characterized the EGCG effect on Nav1.5 using electrophysiology and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. EGCG superfusion induced a dose-dependent inhibition of Nav1.5 expressed in tsA201 cells, negatively shifted the steady-state inactivation curve, slowed the inactivation kinetics, and delayed the recovery from fast inactivation. However, EGCG had no effect on the voltage-dependence of activation and showed little use-dependent block on Nav1.5. Finally, MD simulations suggested that EGCG does not preferentially stay in the center of the bilayer, but that it spontaneously relocates to the membrane headgroup region. Moreover, no sign of spontaneous crossing from one leaflet to the other was observed, indicating a relatively large free energy barrier associated with EGCG transport across the membrane. These results indicate that EGCG may exert its biophysical effect via access to its binding site through the cell membrane or via a bilayer-mediated mechanism.
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Takeda M, Shimazu Y. Modulatory mechanism underlying how dietary constituents attenuate orofacial pain. J Oral Sci 2020; 62:140-143. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.19-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Takeda
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University
| | - Yoshihito Shimazu
- Laboratory of Food and Physiological Sciences, Department of Life and Food Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Azabu University
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Tsuchiya H. Anesthetic Agents of Plant Origin: A Review of Phytochemicals with Anesthetic Activity. Molecules 2017; 22:E1369. [PMID: 28820497 PMCID: PMC6152143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of currently used anesthetic agents are derived from or associated with natural products, especially plants, as evidenced by cocaine that was isolated from coca (Erythroxylum coca, Erythroxylaceae) and became a prototype of modern local anesthetics and by thymol and eugenol contained in thyme (Thymus vulgaris, Lamiaceae) and clove (Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae), respectively, both of which are structurally and mechanistically similar to intravenous phenolic anesthetics. This paper reviews different classes of phytochemicals with the anesthetic activity and their characteristic molecular structures that could be lead compounds for anesthetics and anesthesia-related drugs. Phytochemicals in research papers published between 1996 and 2016 were retrieved from the point of view of well-known modes of anesthetic action, that is, the mechanistic interactions with Na⁺ channels, γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and lipid membranes. The searched phytochemicals include terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids because they have been frequently reported to possess local anesthetic, general anesthetic, antinociceptive, analgesic or sedative property. Clinical applicability of phytochemicals to local and general anesthesia is discussed by referring to animal in vivo experiments and human pre-clinical trials. This review will give structural suggestions for novel anesthetic agents of plant origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Tsuchiya
- Department of Dental Basic Education, Asahi University School of Dentistry, 1851 Hozumi, Mizuho, Gifu 501-0296, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Jia YY, Guo JL, Liu PQ, Jiang JM. Effects of (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate on tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:9779-89. [PMID: 23652835 PMCID: PMC3676812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14059779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The (−)-gallocatechin-3-gallate (GCG) concentration in some tea beverages can account for as much as 50% of the total catechins. It has been shown that catechins have analgesic properties. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) mediate neuronal action potentials. Tetrodotoxin inhibits all Nav isoforms, but Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 are relatively tetrodotoxin-resistant compared to other isoforms and functionally linked to nociception. In this study, the effects of GCG on tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ currents were investigated in rat primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons via the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We found that 1 μM GCG reduced the amplitudes of peak current density of tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ currents significantly. Furthermore, the inhibition was accompanied by a depolarizing shift of the activation voltage and a hyperpolarizing shift of steady-state inactivation voltage. The percentage block of GCG (1 μM) on tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ current was 45.1% ± 1.1% in 10 min. In addition, GCG did not produce frequency-dependent block of tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ currents at stimulation frequencies of 1 Hz, 2 Hz and 5 Hz. On the basis of these findings, we propose that GCG may be a potential analgesic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Wu AZY, Loh SH, Cheng TH, Lu HH, Lin CI. Antiarrhythmic effects of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, a novel sodium channel agonist in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:69-80. [PMID: 23116965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), a polyphenol extracted from green tea, has been proposed as an effective compound for improving cardiac contractility. However, the therapeutic potential of ECG on the treatment of arrhythmia remains unknown. We investigated the direct actions of ECG on the modulation of ion currents and cardiac cell excitability in the primary culture of neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM), which is considered a hypertrophic model for analysis of myocardial arrhythmias. By using the whole-cell patch-clamp configurations, we found ECG enhanced the slowly inactivating component of voltage-gated Na(+) currents (I(Na)) in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-100 μM) with an EC(50) value of 3.8 μM. ECG not only shifted the current-voltage relationship of peak I(Na) to the hyperpolarizing direction but also accelerated I(Na) recovery kinetics. Working at a concentration level of I(Na) enhancement, ECG has no notable effect on voltage-gated K(+) currents and L-type Ca(2+) currents. With culture time increment, the firing rate of spontaneous action potential (sAP) in NRVMs was gradually decreased until spontaneous early after-depolarization (EAD) was observed after about one week culture. ECG increased the firing rate of normal sAP about two-fold without waveform alteration. Interestingly, the bradycardia-dependent EAD could be significantly restored by ECG in fast firing rate to normal sAP waveform. The expression of dominant cardiac sodium channel subunit, Nav1.5, was consistently detected throughout the culture periods. Our results reveal how ECG, the novel I(Na) agonist, may act as a promising candidate in clinical applications on cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Zhi-Yang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Lopes LDS, Marques RB, Fernandes HB, Pereira SDS, Ayres MCC, Chaves MH, Almeida FRC. Mechanisms of the antinociceptive action of (-) epicatechin obtained from the hydroalcoholic fraction of Combretum leprosum Mart & Eic in rodents. J Biomed Sci 2012; 19:68. [PMID: 22830928 PMCID: PMC3500648 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-19-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of the antinociceptive activity of (-) epicatechin (EPI), a compound isolated from the hydroalcoholic fraction of Combreum leprosum Mart & Eicher. METHODS were assessed in the model of chemical nociception induced by glutamate (20 μmol/paw). To evaluate the mechanisms involved, the animals , male Swiss mice (25-30 g), received EPI (50 mg/kg p.o.) after pretreatment with naloxone (2 mg/kg s.c. opioid antagonist), glibenclamide (2 mg/kg s.c. antagonist K + channels sensitive to ATP), ketanserin (0.3 mg/kg s.c. antagonist of receptor 5-HT(2A)), yoimbine (0.15 mg/kg s.c. α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist), pindolol (1 mg/kg s.c. 5-HT1(a)/1(b) receptor antagonist), atropine (0.1 mg/kg s.c. muscarinic antagonist) and caffeine (3 mg/kg s.c. adenosine receptor antagonist), ondansetron (0.5 mg/kg s.c. for 5-HT(3) receptor) and L-arginine (600 mg/kg i.p.). RESULTS The antinociceptive effect of EPI was reversed by pretreatment with naloxone and glibenclamide, ketanserin, yoimbine, atropine and pindolol, which demonstrates the involvement of opioid receptors and potassium channels sensitive to ATP, the serotoninergic (receptor 5HT(1A) and 5HT(2A)), adrenergic (receptor alpha 2) and cholinergic (muscarinic receptor) systems in the activities that were observed. The effects of EPI, however, were not reversed by pretreatment with caffeine, L-arginine or ondansetron, which shows that there is no involvement of 5HT(3) receptors or the purinergic and nitrergic systems in the antinociceptive effect of EPI. In the Open Field and Rotarod test, EPI had no significant effect, which shows that there was no central nervous system depressant or muscle relaxant effect on the results. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that the antinociceptive activity of EPI in the glutamate model involves the participation of the opioid system, serotonin, adrenergic and cholinergic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano da Silva Lopes
- NPPM - Medicinal Plants Research Center, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), Av. Nossa Senhora de Fátima s/n, 64049-550, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
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Kargacin ME, Emmett TL, Kargacin GJ. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate has dual, independent effects on the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2011; 32:89-98. [PMID: 21818690 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-011-9256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We determined the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin (EC), on pump turnover and Ca2+ transport by the cardiac form of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA). Fluorescence spectroscopy was used to directly measure SERCA ATPase activity and to measure Ca2+ uptake into cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles and microsomes derived from human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells expressing human cardiac SERCA2a. We found that EGCG reduces the maximum velocity of Ca2+ uptake into cardiac SR vesicles and increases the Ca2+-sensitivity of uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. EC is less potent than EGCG in increasing the Ca2+-sensitivity of uptake and does not affect maximum uptake velocity. The EGCG-dependent reduction in Ca2+ uptake velocity is well correlated with direct inhibition of SERCA. The effect of EGCG on the Ca2+-sensitivity of Ca2+ uptake into cardiac SR vesicles is affected by the phosphorylation status of phospholamban (PLB). When cardiac SERCA2a is expressed in HEK cells without PLB, EGCG reduces the maximum velocity of Ca2+ uptake but does not affect the Ca2+-sensitivity of uptake into microsomes derived from these cells indicating that the effect of EGCG on Ca2+-sensitivity requires the presence of PLB. Our results show that EGCG has dual effects on SERCA function in cardiac SR vesicles: it directly affects SERCA by reducing maximum uptake velocity; it increases the Ca2+-sensitivity of Ca2+ uptake in a manner that appears to depend on the interaction between SERCA and PLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Kargacin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
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Kim EJ, Kang D, Han J. Baicalein and wogonin are activators of rat TREK-2 two-pore domain K+ channel. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 202:185-92. [PMID: 21306568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Earlier studies have shown that TREK-1 and TREK-2 (TREKs), members of the two-pore domain K(+) (K(2P)) channel family that are highly expressed under pathological conditions, are activated by neuroprotective agents. Baicalein and wogonin, oriental flavonoids originating from the root of the medicinal herb Scutellaria baicalensis, are known to have beneficial effects for neuroprotection. However, little is known about the effects of baicalein and wogonin on ion channels including TREKs. We investigated whether baicalein and wogonin modulate the TREK-2 channel, which has been less studied than TREK-1. METHODS Single-channel recordings were performed in COS-7 cells transfected with rat TREK-2 and analyzed baicalein- or wogonin-induced channel activity. RESULTS We found that baicalein and wogonin activated the TREK-2 current by increasing the opening frequency (channel activity: from 0.05 ± 0.01 to 0.17 ± 0.06 in baicalein treatment and from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.29 ± 0.09 in wogonin treatment, P < 0.05), while leaving the single-channel conductance and mean open time unchanged. Baicalein continuously activated TREK-2, whereas wogonin transiently activated TREK-2. Application of baicalein and wogonin activated TREK-2 in both cell attached and excised patches, suggesting that baicalein and wogonin may modulate TREK-2 either directly or indirectly with different mechanisms. CONCLUSION These results suggest that baicalein- and wogonin-induced TREK-2 activation help set the resting membrane potential of cells exposed to pathological conditions and thus may give beneficial effects in neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-J Kim
- Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Department of Physiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Lopes L, Marques R, Pereira S, Ayres M, Chaves M, Cavalheiro A, Vieira Júnior G, Almeida F. Antinociceptive effect on mice of the hydroalcoholic fraction and (-) epicatechin obtained from Combretum leprosum Mart & Eich. Braz J Med Biol Res 2010; 43:1184-92. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2010007500121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kang J, Cheng H, Ji J, Incardona J, Rampe D. In Vitro Electrocardiographic and Cardiac Ion Channel Effects of (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate, the Main Catechin of Green Tea. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:619-26. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.169391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Kim WM, Bae HB, Choi JI. The Effect of Intrathecal Epigallocatechin Gallate on the Development of Antinociceptive Tolerance to Morphine. Korean J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2009.22.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Woong Mo Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hong Beom Bae
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Il Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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