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Kulesza T, Typiak M, Rachubik P, Rogacka D, Audzeyenka I, Saleem MA, Piwkowska A. Pit 1 transporter (SLC20A1) as a key factor in the NPP1-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling in human podocytes. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1921-1936. [PMID: 37269459 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Podocytes are crucially involved in blood filtration in the glomerulus. Their proper function relies on efficient insulin responsiveness. The insulin resistance of podocytes, defined as a reduction of cell sensitivity to this hormone, is the earliest pathomechanism of microalbuminuria that is observed in metabolic syndrome and diabetic nephropathy. In many tissues, this alteration is mediated by the phosphate homeostasis-controlling enzyme nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1). By binding to the insulin receptor (IR), NPP1 inhibits downstream cellular signaling. Our previous research found that hyperglycemic conditions affect another protein that is involved in phosphate balance, type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 1 (Pit 1). In the present study, we evaluated the insulin resistance of podocytes after 24 h of incubation under hyperinsulinemic conditions. Thereafter, insulin signaling was inhibited. The formation of NPP1/IR complexes was observed at that time. A novel finding in the present study was our observation of an interaction between NPP1 and Pit 1 after the 24 h stimulation of podocytes with insulin. After downregulation of the SLC20A1 gene, which encodes Pit 1, we established insulin resistance in podocytes that were cultured under native conditions, manifested as a lack of intracellular insulin signaling and the inhibition of glucose uptake via the glucose transporter type 4. These findings suggest that Pit 1 might be a major factor that participates in the NPP1-mediated inhibition of insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulesza
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marlena Typiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Rachubik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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From Myricetin to the Discovery of Novel Natural Human ENPP1 Inhibitors: A Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and MM/GBSA Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196175. [PMID: 36234712 PMCID: PMC9573336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It was recently revealed that naturally occurring myricetin can inhibit ectonucleotidase ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1), which, in turn, can treat ischemic cardiac injury. However, due to myricetin’s poor druggability, its further developments are relatively limited, which necessitates the discovery of novel ENPP1-inhibiting myricetin analogs as alternatives. In this study, the binding model of myricetin with ENPP1 was elucidated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. Subsequently, virtual screening on the self-developed flavonoid natural product database (FNPD), led to the identification of two flavonoid glycosides (Cas No: 1397173-50-0 and 1169835-58-8), as potential ENPP1 inhibitors. Docking scores and MM/GBSA binding energies predicted that they might have higher inhibitory effects than myricetin. This study provides a strong foundation for the future development of ischemic cardiac injury drugs.
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Ralph D, Levine MA, Richard G, Morrow M, Flynn E, Uitto J, Li Q. Mutation update: Variants of the ENPP1 gene in pathologic calcification, hypophosphatemic rickets, and cutaneous hypopigmentation with punctate keratoderma. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:1183-1200. [PMID: 35475527 PMCID: PMC9357117 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ENPP1 encodes ENPP1, an ectonucleotidase catalyzing hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), and an endogenous plasma protein physiologically preventing ectopic calcification of connective tissues. Mutations in ENPP1 have been reported in association with a range of human genetic diseases. In this mutation update, we provide a comprehensive review of all the pathogenic variants, likely pathogenic variants, and variants of unknown significance in ENPP1 associated with three autosomal recessive disorders-generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI), autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 2 (ARHR2), and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), as well as with a predominantly autosomal dominant disorder-Cole disease. The classification of all variants is determined using the latest ACMG guidelines. A total of 140 ENPP1 variants were curated consisting of 133 previously reported variants and seven novel variants, with missense variants being the most prevalent (70.0%, 98/140). While the pathogenic variants are widely distributed in the ENPP1 gene of patientsgen without apparent genotype-phenotype correlation, eight out of nine variants associated with Cole disease are confined to the somatomedin-B-like (SMB) domains critical for homo-dimerization of the ENPP1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Ralph
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- Genetics, Genomics and Cancer Biology Ph.D. Program, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael A. Levine
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | | | - Jouni Uitto
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Qiaoli Li
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
- PXE International Center of Excellence in Research and Clinical Care, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
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4
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Kulesza T, Typiak M, Rachubik P, Audzeyenka I, Rogacka D, Angielski S, Saleem MA, Piwkowska A. Hyperglycemic environment disrupts phosphate transporter function and promotes calcification processes in podocytes and isolated glomeruli. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:2478-2491. [PMID: 35150131 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Soft tissue calcification is a pathological phenomenon that often occurs in end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is caused by diabetic nephropathy, among other factors. Hyperphosphatemia present during course of CKD contributes to impairments in kidney function, particularly damages in the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Essential elements of the GFB include glomerular epithelial cells, called podocytes. In the present study, we found that human immortalized podocytes express messenger RNA and protein of phosphate transporters, including NaPi 2c (SLC34A3), Pit 1 (SLC20A1), and Pit 2 (SLC20A2), which are sodium-dependent and mediate intracellular phosphate (Pi) transport, and XPR1, which is responsible for extracellular Pi transport. We found that cells that were grown in a medium with a high glucose (HG) concentration (30 mM) expressed less Pit 1 and Pit 2 protein than podocytes that were cultured in a standard glucose medium (11 mM). We found that exposure of the analyzed transporters in the cell membrane of the podocyte is altered by HG conditions. We also found that the activity of tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase increased in HG, causing a rise in Pi generation. Additionally, HG led to a reduction of the amount of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 in the cell membrane of podocytes. The extracellular concentration of pyrophosphate also decreased under HG conditions. These data suggest that a hyperglycemic environment enhances the production of Pi in podocytes and its retention in the extracellular space, which may induce glomerular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulesza
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marlena Typiak
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Rachubik
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Irena Audzeyenka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Rogacka
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Stefan Angielski
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Piwkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Nephrology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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Ataman AV, Harbuzova VY, Obukhova OA, Dubovyk YI. Analysis of Ectonucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase 1 Gene K121Q Polymorphism Association with Some Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452718020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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The presence of the 1068 G>A variant of P2X7 receptors is associated to an increase in IL-1Ra levels, insulin secretion and pancreatic β-cell function but not with glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Gene 2018; 652:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Ma H, Wang P, Jin D, Jia T, Mao H, Zhang J, Zhao S. The hepatic ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 gene mRNA abundance is reduced by insulin and induced by dexamethasone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [PMID: 29513794 PMCID: PMC5856437 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hormones regulate hepatic gene expressions to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 has been thought to interfere with insulin signaling. To determine its potential role in the regulation of metabolism, we analyzed its gene (Enpp1) expression in the liver of rats experiencing fasting and refeeding cycles, and in primary rat hepatocytes and human hepatoma HepG2 cells treated with insulin and dexamethasone using northern blot and real-time PCR techniques. Hepatic Enpp1 expression was induced by fasting and reduced by refeeding in the rat liver. In primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 hepatoma cells, insulin reduced Enpp1 mRNA abundance, whereas dexamethasone induced it. Dexamethasone disrupted the insulin-reduced Enpp1 expression in primary hepatocytes. This is in contrast to the responses of the expression of the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene to the same hormones, where insulin reduced it significantly in the process. In addition, the dexamethasone-induced Enpp1 gene expression was attenuated in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP. In conclusion, we demonstrated for the first time that hepatic Enpp1 is regulated in the cycle of fasting and refeeding, a process that might be attributed to insulin-reduced Enpp1 expression. This insulin-reduced Enpp1 expression might play a role in the development of complications in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Ma
- Yantai Center for Animal Disease Control, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiandi Zhang
- Yantai Zestern Biotechnique Co. Ltd., Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shi Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Barbeau X, Mathieu P, Paquin JF, Lagüe P. Characterization of the structure, dynamics and allosteric pathways of human NPP1 in its free form and substrate-bound complex from molecular modeling. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1058-1069. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00095b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report 3D structure modeling and extensive molecular dynamics simulations of NPP1 complemented with a dynamical network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Barbeau
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Université Laval
- Québec (Québec)
- Canada
| | | | - Jean-François Paquin
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Université Laval
- Québec (Québec)
- Canada
| | - Patrick Lagüe
- PROTEO
- The Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function
- Engineering
- and Applications
- Canada
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9
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Yan D, Han W, Dong Z, Liu Q, Jin Z, Chu D, Tian Y, Zhang J, Song D, Wang D, Zhu X. Homology modeling and docking studies of ENPP4: a BCG activated tumoricidal macrophage protein. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:19. [PMID: 26823374 PMCID: PMC4730737 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 3D structure and functions of ENPP4, a protein expressed on the surface of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-activated macrophages, are unknown. In this study, we analyzed the 3D structure of ENPP4 and determined its tumoricidal effects on MCA207 cells. RESULTS Homology modeling showed that Arg305, Tyr341, Asn291, and Asn295 are important residues in substrate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), binding. A molecular dynamics study was also carried out to study the stability of ENPP4 (including zinc atoms) as well as its ligand-enzyme complex. BCG increased ENPP4 expression in macrophages, and specific blocking of ENPP4 in BCG-activated macrophages (BAMs) significantly reduced their cytotoxicity against MCA207 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that zinc remains inside the ENPP4 protein, a BCG activated tumoricidal macrophage protein, throughout the simulation. Important information for the design of new inhibitors was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yan
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Weiwei Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Zehua Dong
- Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Jiangsu Road 16#, Qingdao, China.
| | - Qihui Liu
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Zheng Jin
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Dong Chu
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Jinpei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Dandan Song
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Dunhuang Wang
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Immunology, College of basic Medical sciences, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 126#, Changchun City, Jilin Province, China.
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Yoshida GJ. Metabolic reprogramming: the emerging concept and associated therapeutic strategies. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:111. [PMID: 26445347 PMCID: PMC4595070 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor tissue is composed of cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells with diverse genetic/epigenetic backgrounds, a situation known as intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Cancer cells are surrounded by a totally different microenvironment than that of normal cells; consequently, tumor cells must exhibit rapidly adaptive responses to hypoxia and hypo-nutrient conditions. This phenomenon of changes of tumor cellular bioenergetics, called “metabolic reprogramming”, has been recognized as one of 10 hallmarks of cancer. Metabolic reprogramming is required for both malignant transformation and tumor development, including invasion and metastasis. Although the Warburg effect has been widely accepted as a common feature of metabolic reprogramming, accumulating evidence has revealed that tumor cells depend on mitochondrial metabolism as well as aerobic glycolysis. Remarkably, cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor stroma tend to activate both glycolysis and autophagy in contrast to neighboring cancer cells, which leads to a reverse Warburg effect. Heterogeneity of monocarboxylate transporter expression reflects cellular metabolic heterogeneity with respect to the production and uptake of lactate. In tumor tissue, metabolic heterogeneity induces metabolic symbiosis, which is responsible for adaptation to drastic changes in the nutrient microenvironment resulting from chemotherapy. In addition, metabolic heterogeneity is responsible for the failure to induce the same therapeutic effect against cancer cells as a whole. In particular, cancer stem cells exhibit several biological features responsible for resistance to conventional anti-tumor therapies. Consequently, cancer stem cells tend to form minimal residual disease after chemotherapy and exhibit metastatic potential with additional metabolic reprogramming. This type of altered metabolic reprogramming leads to adaptive/acquired resistance to anti-tumor therapy. Collectively, complex and dynamic metabolic reprogramming should be regarded as a reflection of the “robustness” of tumor cells against unfavorable conditions. This review focuses on the concept of metabolic reprogramming in heterogeneous tumor tissue, and further emphasizes the importance of developing novel therapeutic strategies based on drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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11
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Shayhidin EE, Forcellini E, Boulanger MC, Mahmut A, Dautrey S, Barbeau X, Lagüe P, Sévigny J, Paquin JF, Mathieu P. Quinazoline-4-piperidine sulfamides are specific inhibitors of human NPP1 and prevent pathological mineralization of valve interstitial cells. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4189-99. [PMID: 26031197 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/PDE1 (NPP1) is an ectoenzyme, which plays a role in several disorders including calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD). So far, compounds that have been developed as inhibitors of NPP1 lack potency and specificity. Quinazoline-4-piperidine sulfamides (QPS) have been described as potent inhibitors of NPP1. However, their mode of inhibition as well as their selectivity and capacity to modify biological processes have not been investigated. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In the present series of experiments, we have evaluated the efficacy of two derivatives, QPS1-2, in inhibiting human NPP1, and we have evaluated the effect of the most potent derivative (QPS1) on other ectonucleotidases as well as on the ability of this compound to prevent phosphate-induced mineralization of human primary aortic valve interstitial cells (VICs). KEY RESULTS The QPS1 derivative is a potent (Ki 59.3 ± 5.4 nM) and selective non-competitive inhibitor of human NPP1. Moreover, QPS1 also significantly inhibited the K121Q NPP1 gene variant (Ki 59.2 ± 14.5 nM), which is prevalent in the general population. QPS1 did not significantly alter the activity of other nucleotide metabolizing ectoenzymes expressed at the cell surface, namely NPP3, NTPDases (1-3), ecto-5'-nucleotidase and ALP. Importantly, QPS1 in the low micromolar range (≤10 μM) prevented phosphate-induced mineralization of VICs and lowered the rise of osteogenic genes as expected for NPP1 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We have provided evidence that QPS1 is a potent and selective non-competitive inhibitor of NPP1 and that it prevented pathological mineralization in a cellular model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnur Elyar Shayhidin
- Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV), Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies (GRV), Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Elsa Forcellini
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, PROTEO, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Chloé Boulanger
- Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV), Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies (GRV), Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Ablajan Mahmut
- Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV), Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies (GRV), Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Dautrey
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, PROTEO, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Xavier Barbeau
- Department of Biochemistry, PROTEO, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Lagüe
- Department of Biochemistry, PROTEO, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Paquin
- Canada Research Chair in Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, PROTEO, Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV), Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies (GRV), Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Université Laval, QC, Canada
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12
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Loss of microRNA-27b contributes to breast cancer stem cell generation by activating ENPP1. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7318. [PMID: 26065921 PMCID: PMC4490376 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various types of cancer; however, the mechanisms by which cells acquire CSC properties such as drug resistance and tumour seeding ability are not fully understood. Here, we identified microRNA-27b (miR-27b) as a key regulator for the generation of a side-population in breast cancer cells that showed CSC properties, and also found that the anti-type II diabetes (T2D) drug metformin reduced this side-population via miR-27b-mediated repression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 (ENPP1), which is involved in T2D development. ENPP1 induced the generation of the side-population via upregulation of the ABCG2 transporter. ENPP1 was also identified as a substrate of the 26S proteasome, the activity of which is downregulated in CSCs. Overall, these results demonstrate that a T2D-associated gene plays an important role in tumour development and that its expression is strictly controlled at the mRNA and protein levels. MicroRNAs have a role in the acquisition of stem cell-like properties of cancer cells. Here the authors show that microRNA-27b mediates generation of a side-population of breast cancer stem cells, in part by regulating the protein ENPP1, which has been previously linked to the development of diabetes.
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Todd JN, Poon W, Lyssenko V, Groop L, Nichols B, Wilmot M, Robson S, Enjyoji K, Herman MA, Hu C, Zhang R, Jia W, Ma R, Florez JC, Friedman DJ. Variation in glucose homeostasis traits associated with P2RX7 polymorphisms in mice and humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E688-96. [PMID: 25719930 PMCID: PMC4422893 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Extracellular nucleotide receptors are expressed in pancreatic B-cells. Purinergic signaling via these receptors may regulate pancreatic B-cell function. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that purinergic signaling might influence glucose regulation and sought evidence in human studies of glycemic variation and a mouse model of purinergic signaling dysfunction. DESIGN In humans, we mined genome-wide meta-analysis data sets to examine purinergic signaling genes for association with glycemic traits and type 2 diabetes. We performed additional testing in two genomic regions (P2RX4/P2RX7 and P2RY1) in a cohort from the Prevalence, Prediction, and Prevention of Diabetes in Botnia (n = 3504), which includes more refined measures of glucose homeostasis. In mice, we generated a congenic model of purinergic signaling dysfunction by crossing the naturally hypomorphic C57BL6 P2rx7 allele onto the 129SvJ background. RESULTS Variants in five genes were associated with glycemic traits and in three genes with diabetes risk. In the Prevalence, Prediction, and Prevention of Diabetes in Botnia study, the minor allele in the missense functional variant rs1718119 (A348T) in P2RX7 was associated with increased insulin sensitivity and secretion, consistent with its known effect on increased pore function. Both male and female P2x7-C57 mice demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance compared with matched P2x7-129 mice. Insulin tolerance testing showed that P2x7-C57 mice were also less responsive to insulin than P2x7-129 mice. CONCLUSIONS We show association of the purinergic signaling pathway in general and hypofunctioning P2X7 variants in particular with impaired glucose homeostasis in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Todd
- Division of Endocrinology (J.N.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, and Departments of Pediatrics (J.N.T.) and Medicine (S.R., K.E., M.A.H., J.C.F., D.J.F.), Harvard Medical School, and Department of Medicine (B.N., M.W., S.R., K.E., M.A.H., D.J.F.) and Center for Vascular Biology Research (B.N., M.W., D.J.F.), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Center for Human Genetic Research (J.N.T., J.C.F.), and Diabetes Research Center (Diabetes Unit) (J.C.F.), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Program in Medical and Population Genetics (J.C.F.), Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes, and Endocrinology (W.P., V.L., L.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, SE 205 02 Malmö, Sweden; Department of Translational Pathophysiology (V.L.), Steno Diabetes Center A/S, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark; Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM (L.G.), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital (C.H., R.Z., W.J.), Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai 200233, China; and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics (R.M.), Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
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14
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Li L, Yin Q, Kuss P, Maliga Z, Millán JL, Wu H, Mitchison TJ. Hydrolysis of 2'3'-cGAMP by ENPP1 and design of nonhydrolyzable analogs. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:1043-8. [PMID: 25344812 PMCID: PMC4232468 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Agonists of mouse STING (TMEM173) shrink and even cure solid tumors by activating innate immunity; human STING (hSTING) agonists are needed to test this therapeutic hypothesis in humans. The endogenous STING agonist is 2'3'-cGAMP, a second messenger that signals the presence of cytosolic double-stranded DNA. We report activity-guided partial purification and identification of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP1) to be the dominant 2'3'-cGAMP hydrolyzing activity in cultured cells. The hydrolysis activity of ENPP1 was confirmed using recombinant protein and was depleted in tissue extracts and plasma from Enpp1(-/-) mice. We synthesized a hydrolysis-resistant bisphosphothioate analog of 2'3'-cGAMP (2'3'-cG(s)A(s)MP) that has similar affinity for hSTING in vitro and is ten times more potent at inducing IFN-β secretion from human THP1 monocytes. Studies in mouse Enpp1(-/-) lung fibroblasts indicate that resistance to hydrolysis contributes substantially to its higher potency. 2'3'-cG(s)A(s)MP is therefore improved over natural 2'3'-cGAMP as a model agonist and has potential as a vaccine adjuvant and cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyin Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Qian Yin
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pia Kuss
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Zoltan Maliga
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - José L. Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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15
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Huesa C, Zhu D, Glover JD, Ferron M, Karsenty G, Milne EM, Millan JL, Ahmed SF, Farquharson C, Morton NM, MacRae VE. Deficiency of the bone mineralization inhibitor NPP1 protects mice against obesity and diabetes. Dis Model Mech 2014; 7:1341-50. [PMID: 25368121 PMCID: PMC4257003 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.017905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of bone as an endocrine regulator has prompted a re-evaluation of the role of bone mineralization factors in the development of metabolic disease. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase-1 (NPP1) controls bone mineralization through the generation of pyrophosphate, and levels of NPP1 are elevated both in dermal fibroblast cultures and muscle of individuals with insulin resistance. We investigated the metabolic phenotype associated with impaired bone metabolism in mice lacking the gene that encodes NPP1 (Enpp1−/− mice). Enpp1−/− mice exhibited mildly improved glucose homeostasis on a normal diet but showed a pronounced resistance to obesity and insulin resistance in response to chronic high-fat feeding. Enpp1−/− mice had increased levels of the insulin-sensitizing bone-derived hormone osteocalcin but unchanged insulin signalling within osteoblasts. A fuller understanding of the pathways of NPP1 could inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Huesa
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Dongxing Zhu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - James D Glover
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Integrative and Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest - Laboratory 2750, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Gerard Karsenty
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elspeth M Milne
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - José Luis Millan
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S Faisal Ahmed
- Developmental Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Nicholas M Morton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
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16
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Lee SY, Müller CE. Large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching for monitoring of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) reactions by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:855-63. [PMID: 24431193 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1) is a membrane glycoprotein involved in the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Its main substrate is ATP yielding AMP and pyrophosphate. NPP1 has been proposed as a novel drug target, for diabetes type 2 and the treatment of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease leading to inflammatory arthritis. The monitoring of NPP1 reactions is difficult because its velocity is very slow requiring highly sensitive analytical procedures. In this study, a method of large-volume sample stacking with polarity switching was developed, and separations were optimized. Large sample volumes were loaded by hydrodynamic injection (5 psi, 13 s) followed by removal of a large plug of sample matrix from the capillary using polarity switching (-10 kV). The stacked analytes were subsequently separated in phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 9.2) at 20 kV. The validated method was found to be linear (R(2) = 0.9927) in the concentration range of 0.05-50 μM of AMP, with high accuracy and precision. The determined LOD and LOQ of AMP were 18 nM and 60 nM, respectively. Compared to a previously reported CE procedure using sweeping technique, a fivefold improvement of sensitivity was achieved. Moreover, the new technique was faster, and reproducibility of migration times was improved (RSD value = 1.2%). Importantly, adenine nucleotide analogs and derivatives tested as NPP1 inhibitors could be completely separated from the substrate ATP and the enzymatic product AMP. The method was applied to NPP1 inhibition assays investigating nucleotide-derived inhibitors in the presence of ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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17
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al-Rashida M, Iqbal J. Therapeutic potentials of ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase, ecto-5'-nucleotidase, and alkaline phosphatase inhibitors. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:703-43. [PMID: 24115166 DOI: 10.1002/med.21302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The modulatory role of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in relevance to purinergic cell signaling mechanisms has long been known and is an object of much research worldwide. These extracellular nucleotides are released by a variety of cell types either innately or as a response to patho-physiological stress or injury. A variety of surface-located ecto-nucleotidases (of four major types; nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases or NTPDases, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases or NPPs, alkaline phosphatases APs or ALPs, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase or e5NT) are responsible for meticulously controlling the availability of these important signaling molecules (at their respective receptors) in extracellular environment and are therefore crucial for maintaining the integrity of normal cell functioning. Overexpression of many of these ubiquitous ecto-enzymes has been implicated in a variety of disorders including cell adhesion, activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and degenerative neurological and immunological responses. Selective inhibition of these ecto-enzymes is an area that is currently being explored with great interest and hopes remain high that development of selective ecto-nucleotidase inhibitors will prove to have many beneficial therapeutic implications. The aim of this review is to emphasize and focus on recent developments made in the field of inhibitors of ecto-nucleotidases and to highlight their structure activity relationships wherever possible. Most recent and significant advances in field of NTPDase, NPP, AP, and e5NT inhibitors is being discussed in detail in anticipation of providing prolific leads and relevant background for research groups interested in synthesis of selective ecto-nucleotidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya al-Rashida
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
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18
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Di Stefano M, Conforti L. Diversification of NAD biological role: the importance of location. FEBS J 2013; 280:4711-28. [PMID: 23848828 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over 100 years after its first discovery, several new aspects of the biology of the redox co-factor NAD are rapidly emerging. NAD, as well as its precursors, its derivatives, and its metabolic enzymes, have been recently shown to play a determinant role in a variety of biological functions, from the classical role in oxidative phosphorylation and redox reactions to a role in regulation of gene transcription, lifespan and cell death, from a role in neurotransmission to a role in axon degeneration, and from a function in regulation of glucose homeostasis to that of control of circadian rhythm. It is also becoming clear that this variety of specialized functions is regulated by the fine subcellular localization of NAD, its related nucleotides and its metabolic enzymatic machinery. Here we describe the known NAD biosynthetic and catabolic pathways, and review evidence supporting a specialized role for NAD metabolism in a subcellular compartment-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Di Stefano
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, UK
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19
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Marucci A, Cozzolino F, Dimatteo C, Monti M, Pucci P, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Role of GALNT2 in the modulation of ENPP1 expression, and insulin signaling and action: GALNT2: a novel modulator of insulin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:1388-95. [PMID: 23500900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin signaling and action. Understanding the mechanisms underlying ENPP1 expression may help unravel molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Recent data suggest a role of ENPP1-3'untraslated region (UTR), in controlling ENPP1 expression. We sought to identify trans-acting ENPP1-3'UTR binding proteins, and investigate their role on insulin signaling. By RNA pull-down, 49 proteins bound to ENPP1-3'UTR RNA were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Among these, in silico analysis of genome wide association studies and expression profile datasets pointed to N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 2 gene (GALNT2) for subsequent investigations. Gene expression levels were evaluated by RT-PCR. Protein expression levels, IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation were evaluated by Western blot. Insulin receptor (IR) autophosphorylation was evaluated by ELISA. GALNT2 down-regulation increased while GALNT2 over-expression reduced ENPP1 expression levels. In addition, GALNT2 down-regulation reduced insulin stimulation of IR, IRS-1 and Akt phosphorylation and insulin inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) expression, a key neoglucogenetic enzyme. Our data point to GALNT2 as a novel factor involved in the modulation of ENPP1 expression as well as insulin signaling and action in human liver HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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20
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Lee SY, Lévesque SA, Sévigny J, Müller CE. A highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis method using p-nitrophenyl 5'-thymidine monophosphate as a substrate for the monitoring of nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase activities. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 911:162-9. [PMID: 23217320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive capillary electrophoresis method has been developed to monitor the activity of nucleotide pyrophosphatases/phosphodiesterases (NPPs) and screen for NPP inhibitors. In this method, p-nitrophenyl 5'-thymidine monophosphate (p-Nph-5'-TMP) was used as an artificial substrate, and separation of reaction products was performed on a dynamically coated capillary. We found that the optimal capillary electrophoresis (CE) conditions were as follows: fused-silica capillary (20cm effective length×75.5μm (id)), electrokinetic injection for 60s, 70mM phosphate buffer containing polybrene 0.002%, pH 9.2, constant current of -80μA, constant capillary temperature of 15°C and detection at 400nm. To allow precise quantification, 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinitrocresol) was applied as an internal standard. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 137 and 415nM, respectively. This new method was shown to be over 8-fold more sensitive than the conventional spectrophotometric assays and 16-fold more than the previously reported CE procedure, and the results (K(m) values for NPP1 and NPP3, K(i) values for standard inhibitors) obtained were in accordance with previous literature data. Therefore, this new method is an improvement of actual techniques and could be used as a quick and standard analytical technique for the identification and characterization of NPP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yong Lee
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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21
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Dimatteo C, Marucci A, Palazzo A, Cisternino C, Marsano RM, Trischitta V, Di Paola R. Role of somatomedin-B-like domains on ENPP1 inhibition of insulin signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1833:552-8. [PMID: 23098853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The exact mechanism by which ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) inhibits insulin signaling is not known. ENPP1 contains two somatomedin-B-like domains (i.e. SMB 1 and 2) involved in ENPP1 dimerization in animal cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate if these domains modulate ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling in human insulin target cells (HepG2). ENPP1 (ENPP1-3'myc), ENPP1 deleted of SMB 1 (ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc) or of SMB 2 (ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc) domain were cloned in frame with myc tag in mammalian expression vector pRK5. Plasmids were transiently transfected in human liver HepG2 cells. ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling, dimerization and protein-protein interaction with insulin receptor (IR), reported to mediate the modulation of ENPP1 inhibitory activity, were studied. As compared to untransfected cells, a progressive increase of ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin-induced IR β-subunit autophosphorylation and on Akt-S(473) phosphorylation was observed in ENPP1-3'myc, ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc and ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc cells. Under non reducing conditions a 260 kDa homodimer, indicating ENPP1 dimerization, was observed. The ratio of non reduced (260 kDa) to reduced (130 kDa) ENPP1 was significantly decreased by two thirds in ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc vs. ENPP1-3'myc but not in ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc. A similar ENPP1/IR interaction was detectable by co-immunoprecipitation in ENPP1-3'myc, ENPP1-ΔI-3'myc and ENPP1-ΔII-3'myc cells. In conclusion, SMB 1 and SMB 2 are negative modulators of ENPP1 inhibitory activity on insulin signaling. For SMB 2 such effect might be mediated by a positive role on protein dimerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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22
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Mathieu P. Pharmacology of ectonucleotidases: relevance for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 696:1-4. [PMID: 23000390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
ATP and other extracellular nucleotides have diverse and potent effects in different organs. Evidence indicates that extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides deliver crucial signals by acting upon a wide variety of purinergic receptors, which include 19 members separated in three families. Purinergic receptors encompass adenosine-sensitive receptors (P1) as well as the ATP and ADP-responsive receptors (P2). On the other side, P2 receptors are divided into ionotropic P2X receptors and G protein-coupled receptors P2Y. This system of purinergic signaling is made further complex by the fact that ectonucleotidases, membrane bound enzymes, participate in the metabolism of extracellular nucleotides, which are released by cells. Hence, ectonucleotidases are important modulators of purinergic receptor function. It should be pointed out that the ectonucleotidases includes enzymes with different substrate preferences and by their action generate different nucleotides and nucleosides as well as phosphate and pyrophosphate. A growing body of evidence points toward the fact that the expression pattern of different ectonucleotidases and purinergic receptors is implicated in several cardiovascular disorders. In this perspective, a short account is given on the role of ectonucleotidases into the pathobiology of some cardiovascular disorders and the need to develop a novel pharmacology based on those recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mathieu
- Laboratoire d'Études Moléculaires des Valvulopathies (LEMV), Groupe de Recherche en Valvulopathies (GRV), Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
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23
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Expression of membrane-bound NPP-type ecto-phosphodiesterases in rat podocytes cultured at normal and high glucose concentrations. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 416:64-9. [PMID: 22086174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family (E-NPPs) contains two membrane-bound members: E-NPP1 and E-NPP3. These enzymes mediate hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides and their abnormal expression may affect intracellular signal transduction pathways, leading to cellular dysfunction, e.g., insulin resistance. Podocytes are insulin-dependent glomerular epithelial cells that regulate the glomerular filtration rate. Pathology of podocytes is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Here, we investigated the expressions of E-NPP1 and E-NPP3 and activity of E-NPP enzymes in rat podocytes cultured with 5mM (NG) or 30 mM glucose (HG). Insulin resistance was determined by measuring changes in [1,2-(3)H]-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in response to insulin. mRNAs of E-NPP1 and E-NPP3 were detected within podocytes. The E-NPP expressions were confirmed at the protein level using western blot and immunofluorescence techniques. At NG, insulin (300 nM, 3 min) increased glucose uptake 1.5-fold; however, this effect was abolished at HG. The protein expressions of E-NPP1 and E-NPP3 were not affected at HG. The E-NPP activities were 24.68±0.72 and 26.51±1.55 nmol/min/mg protein at NG and HG, respectively. In conclusion, ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 and 3 are expressed on podocytes, but changes in expression of these enzymes are most likely not involved in etiology of insulin resistance in podocytes.
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24
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Di Paola R, Caporarello N, Marucci A, Dimatteo C, Iadicicco C, Del Guerra S, Prudente S, Sudano D, Miele C, Parrino C, Piro S, Beguinot F, Marchetti P, Trischitta V, Frittitta L. ENPP1 affects insulin action and secretion: evidences from in vitro studies. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19462. [PMID: 21573217 PMCID: PMC3088669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to deeper investigate the mechanisms through which
ENPP1, a negative modulator of insulin receptor (IR) activation, plays a role on
insulin signaling, insulin secretion and eventually glucose metabolism. ENPP1
cDNA (carrying either K121 or Q121 variant) was transfected in HepG2 liver-, L6
skeletal muscle- and INS1E beta-cells. Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation
(HepG2, L6, INS1E), Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9
phosphorylation (HepG2, L6), PEPCK mRNA levels (HepG2) and
2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake (L6) was studied. GLUT 4 mRNA
(L6), insulin secretion and caspase-3 activation (INS1E) were also investigated.
Insulin-induced IR-autophosphorylation was decreased in HepG2-K, L6-K, INS1E-K
(20%, 52% and 11% reduction vs. untransfected cells) and
twice as much in HepG2-Q, L6-Q, INS1E-Q (44%, 92% and 30%).
Similar data were obtained with Akt-Ser473,
ERK1/2-Thr202/Tyr204 and GSK3-beta Ser9 in
HepG2 and L6. Insulin-induced reduction of PEPCK mRNA was progressively lower in
untransfected, HepG2-K and HepG2-Q cells (65%, 54%, 23%).
Insulin-induced glucose uptake in untransfected L6 (60% increase over
basal), was totally abolished in L6-K and L6-Q cells. GLUT 4 mRNA was slightly
reduced in L6-K and twice as much in L6-Q (13% and 25% reduction
vs. untransfected cells). Glucose-induced insulin secretion was 60%
reduced in INS1E-K and almost abolished in INS1E-Q. Serum deficiency activated
caspase-3 by two, three and four folds in untransfected INS1E, INS1E-K and
INS1E-Q. Glyburide-induced insulin secretion was reduced by 50% in
isolated human islets from homozygous QQ donors as compared to those from KK and
KQ individuals. Our data clearly indicate that ENPP1, especially when the Q121
variant is operating, affects insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in
skeletal muscle- and liver-cells and both function and survival of insulin
secreting beta-cells, thus representing a strong pathogenic factor predisposing
to insulin resistance, defective insulin secretion and glucose metabolism
abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Nunzia Caporarello
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Marucci
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Dimatteo
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
| | - Claudia Iadicicco
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Del Guerra
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sabrina Prudente
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Dora Sudano
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Miele
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Parrino
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Piro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of
Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School,
Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare
e Molecolare and Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR,
Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism,
University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Trischitta
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine
Diseases, IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza”, San Giovanni
Rotondo, Italy
- IRCCS “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza,
Mendel Laboratory”, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza
University, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
| | - Lucia Frittitta
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical
and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania Medical School, Garibaldi
Hospital, Catania, Italy
- * E-mail: (RDP); (VT); (LF)
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