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Lim S, Jeong I, Cho J, Shin C, Kim KI, Shim BS, Ko SG, Kim B. The Natural Products Targeting on Allergic Rhinitis: From Traditional Medicine to Modern Drug Discovery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1524. [PMID: 34679659 PMCID: PMC8532887 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 500 million people suffer from allergic rhinitis (AR) in the world. Current treatments include oral antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids; however, they often cause side effects and are unsuitable for long-term exposure. Natural products could work as a feasible alternative, and this study aimed to review the efficacies and mechanisms of natural substances in AR therapies by examining previous literature. Fifty-seven studies were collected and classified into plants, fungi, and minerals decoction; clinical trials were organized separately. The majority of the natural products showed their efficacies by two mechanisms: anti-inflammation regulating diverse mediators and anti-oxidation controlling the activity of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) pathway stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main AR factors modified by natural products included interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), and phospho-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2). Although further studies are required to verify their efficacies and safeties, natural products can significantly contribute to the treatment of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhyun Lim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.L.); (I.J.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (B.-S.S.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Iwah Jeong
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.L.); (I.J.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (B.-S.S.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Jonghyeok Cho
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.L.); (I.J.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (B.-S.S.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Chaewon Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.L.); (I.J.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (B.-S.S.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Kwan-Il Kim
- Division of Allergy, Immune and Respiratory System, Department of Internal Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Bum-Sang Shim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.L.); (I.J.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (B.-S.S.); (S.-G.K.)
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.L.); (I.J.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (B.-S.S.); (S.-G.K.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (S.L.); (I.J.); (J.C.); (C.S.); (B.-S.S.); (S.-G.K.)
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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Zhang Z, Bai J, Zeng Y, Cai M, Yao Y, Wu H, You L, Dong X, Ni J. Pharmacology, toxicity and pharmacokinetics of acetylshikonin: a review. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:950-958. [PMID: 32956595 PMCID: PMC7534356 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1818793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Acetylshikonin, a naphthoquinone derivative, is mainly extracted from some species of the family Boraginaceae, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon Sieb. et Zucc., Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst., and Arnebia guttata Bunge. As a bioactive compound, acetylshikonin has attracted much attention because of its broad pharmacological properties. OBJECTIVE This review provides a comprehensive summary of the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of acetylshikonin focussing on its mechanisms on the basis of currently available literature. METHODS The information of acetylshikonin from 1977 to 2020 was collected using major databases including Elsevier, Scholar, PubMed, Springer, Web of Science, and CNKI. Acetylshikonin, pharmacology, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and naphthoquinone derivative were used as key words. RESULTS According to emerging evidence, acetylshikonin exerts a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, lipid-regulatory, antidiabetic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidative, neuroprotective, and antiviral properties. However, only a few studies have reported the adverse effects of acetylshikonin, with respect to reproductive toxicity and genotoxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate that acetylshikonin is associated with a wide distribution and poor absorption. CONCLUSIONS Although experimental data supports the beneficial effects of this compound, acetylshikonin cannot be considered as a therapy drug without further investigations, especially, on the toxicity and pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yawen Zeng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Mengru Cai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Longtai You
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Beijing Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Yoshida LS, Kakegawa T, Yuda Y, Takano-Ohmuro H. Shikonin changes the lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of inflammation-related genes in macrophages. J Nat Med 2017; 71:723-734. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Kirpotina LN, Quinn MT. Antagonism of human formyl peptide receptor 1 with natural compounds and their synthetic derivatives. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 37:43-58. [PMID: 26382576 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) regulates a wide variety of neutrophil functional responses and plays an important role in inflammation and the pathogenesis of various diseases. To date, a variety of natural and synthetic molecules have been identified as FPR1 ligands. Here, we review current knowledge on natural products and natural product-inspired small molecules reported to antagonize and/or inhibit the FPR1-mediated responses. Based on this literature, additional screening of selected commercially available natural compounds for their ability to inhibit fMLF-induced Ca(2+) mobilization in human neutrophils and FPR1 transfected HL-60 cells, and pharmacophore modeling, natural products with potential as FPR1 antagonists are considered and discussed in this review. The identification and characterization of natural products that antagonize FPR1 activity may have potential for the development of novel therapeutics to limit or alter the outcome of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Andrei I Khlebnikov
- Department of Biotechnology and Organic Chemistry, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Department of Chemistry, Altai State Technical University, Barnaul, Russia
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States.
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Eskandani M, Nazemiyeh H. Self-reporter shikonin-Act-loaded solid lipid nanoparticle: Formulation, physicochemical characterization and geno/cytotoxicity evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 59:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Modulation of basophils' degranulation and allergy-related enzymes by monomeric and dimeric naphthoquinones. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90122. [PMID: 24587235 PMCID: PMC3938571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic disorders are characterized by an abnormal immune response towards non-infectious substances, being associated with life quality reduction and potential life-threatening reactions. The increasing prevalence of allergic disorders demands for new and effective anti-allergic treatments. Here we test the anti-allergic potential of monomeric (juglone, menadione, naphthazarin, plumbagin) and dimeric (diospyrin and diosquinone) naphthoquinones. Inhibition of RBL-2H3 rat basophils' degranulation by naphthoquinones was assessed using two complementary stimuli: IgE/antigen and calcium ionophore A23187. Additionally, we tested for the inhibition of leukotrienes production in IgE/antigen-stimulated cells, and studied hyaluronidase and lipoxidase inhibition by naphthoquinones in cell-free assays. Naphthazarin (0.1 µM) decreased degranulation induced by IgE/antigen but not A23187, suggesting a mechanism upstream of the calcium increase, unlike diospyrin (10 µM) that reduced degranulation in A23187-stimulated cells. Naphthoquinones were weak hyaluronidase inhibitors, but all inhibited soybean lipoxidase with the most lipophilic diospyrin, diosquinone and menadione being the most potent, thus suggesting a mechanism of competition with natural lipophilic substrates. Menadione was the only naphthoquinone reducing leukotriene C4 production, with a maximal effect at 5 µM. This work expands the current knowledge on the biological properties of naphthoquinones, highlighting naphthazarin, diospyrin and menadione as potential lead compounds for structural modification in the process of improving and developing novel anti-allergic drugs.
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Landa P, Kutil Z, Temml V, Malik J, Kokoska L, Widowitz U, Pribylova M, Dvorakova M, Marsik P, Schuster D, Bauer R, Vanek T. Inhibition of In Vitro Leukotriene B4 Biosynthesis in Human Neutrophil Granulocytes and Docking Studies of Natural Quinones. Nat Prod Commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1300800124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinones are compounds frequently contained in medicinal plants used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Therefore, the impact of plant-derived quinones on the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway is worthy of investigation. In this study, twenty-three quinone compounds of plant origin were tested in vitro for their potential to inhibit leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis in activated human neutrophil granulocytes with 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity. The benzoquinones primin (3) and thymohydroquinone (4) (IC50 = 4.0 and 4.1 μM, respectively) showed activity comparable with the reference inhibitor zileuton (IC50 = 4.1 μM). Moderate activity was observed for the benzoquinone thymoquinone (2) (IC50 = 18.2 μM) and the naphthoquinone shikonin (1) (IC50 = 24.3 μM). The anthraquinone emodin and the naphthoquinone plumbagin (5) displayed only weak activities (IC50 > 50 μM). The binding modes of the active compounds were further evaluated in silico by molecular docking to the human 5-LOX crystal structure. This process supports the biological data and suggested that, although the redox potential is responsible for the quinone's activity on multiple targets, in the case of 5-LOX the molecular structure plays a vital role in the inhibition. The obtained results suggest primin as a promising compound for the development of dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Zsofia Kutil
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jan Malik
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, The Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Institute of Tropics and Subtropics, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology and Fisheries, The Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Ute Widowitz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Marie Pribylova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Dvorakova
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Marsik
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Institute of Pharmacy / Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rudolf Bauer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tomas Vanek
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., 165 02 Prague 6 - Lysolaje, Czech Republic
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