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Balcazar-Ochoa LG, Ventura-Martínez R, Ángeles-López GE, Gómez-Acevedo C, Carrasco OF, Sampieri-Cabrera R, Chavarría A, González-Hernández A. Clavulanic Acid and its Potential Therapeutic Effects on the Central Nervous System. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:102916. [PMID: 38039802 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.102916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Clavulanic acid (CLAV) is a non-antibiotic β-lactam that has been used since the late 1970s as a β-lactamase inhibitor in combination with amoxicillin, another ß-lactam with antibiotic activity. Its long-observed adverse reaction profile allows it to say that CLAV is a well-tolerated drug with mainly mild adverse reactions. Interestingly, in 2005, it was discovered that β-lactams enhance the astrocytic expression of GLT-1, a glutamate transporter essential for maintaining synaptic glutamate homeostasis involved in several pathologies of the central nervous system (CNS). This finding, along with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, prompted the appearance of several studies that intended to evaluate the effect of CLAV in preclinical disease models. Studies have revealed that CLAV can increase GLT-1 expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), and spinal cord of rodents, to affect glutamate and dopaminergic neurotransmission, and exert an anti-inflammatory effect by modulating the levels of the cytokines TNF-α and interleukin 10 (IL-10). CLAV has been tested with positive results in preclinical models of epilepsy, addiction, stroke, neuropathic and inflammatory pain, dementia, Parkinson's disease, and sexual and anxiety behavior. These properties make CLAV a potential therapeutic drug if repurposed. Therefore, this review aims to gather information on CLAV's effect on preclinical neurological disease models and to give some perspectives on its potential therapeutic use in some diseases of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rosa Ventura-Martínez
- Farmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Claudia Gómez-Acevedo
- Farmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Francisco Carrasco
- Farmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Raúl Sampieri-Cabrera
- Phyisiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anahí Chavarría
- Experimental Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Esmaili-Shahzade-Ali-Akbari P, Ghaderi A, Hosseini SMM, Nejat F, Saeedi-Mofrad M, Karimi-Houyeh M, Ghattan A, Etemadi A, Rasoulian E, Khezri A. β_lactam antibiotics against drug addiction: A novel therapeutic option. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1411-1426. [PMID: 37602907 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Drug addiction as a problem for the health of the individual and the society is the result of a complex process in which there is an interaction between brain nuclei and neurotransmitters (such as glutamate). β-lactam antibiotics, due to their enhancing properties on the glutamate transporter glutamate transporter-1, can affect and counteract the addictive mechanisms of drugs through the regulation of extracellular glutamate. Since glutamate is a key neurotransmitter in the development of drug addiction, it seems that β-lactams can be considered as a promising treatment for addiction. However, more research in this field is necessary to identify other mechanisms involved in their effectiveness. This article is a review of the studies conducted on the effect of β-lactam administration in preventing the development of drug addiction, as well as their possible cellular and molecular mechanisms. This review suggests the clinical use of β-lactam antibiotics that have weak antimicrobial properties (such as clavulanic acid) in the treatment of drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Ghaderi
- Department of Addiction Studies, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Nejat
- Department of Biology and Health Sciences, Meredith College, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Alireza Ghattan
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amirreza Etemadi
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Elham Rasoulian
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arina Khezri
- Department of Anesthesia, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Wang H, Liu X, Zhang Z, Han Z, Jiang Y, Qiao Y, Liu T, Chen J, Chen Y. Effects of tadalafil on sexual behavior of male rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfad019. [PMID: 37256219 PMCID: PMC10225468 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated psychogenic sexual dysfunction including psychogenic erectile dysfunction (pED); the effect of tadalafil on sexual behavior of male rats induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) remains unclear. Aim The aim was to explore the influence of CUMS on sexual behavior of male rats and the effects of tadalafil on that. Methods Adult male rats were divided into 3 groups, including the normal group without CUMS, the model group with 6 weeks' CUMS, and the tadalafil group with treatment of tadalafil during CUMS. CUMS consists of water deprivation, food deprivation, stroboscopic lightning, white noise, cage tilting, weeding packing, and housing 2 unfamiliar rats. The apomorphine test and vaginal smear test were conducted with the aim to screen out male rats with good erectile function and make preparation for the sexual behavior test, respectively. Outcomes At the end of the study period, the level of anhedonia and sexual function were evaluated by the sucrose preference test, sexual behavior test, and measurement of serum testosterone, dopamine, and 5-HT. Results Sucrose preference showed significant decrease in rats after CUMS. The intromission ratio and total intromission frequency decreased significantly, while the mount latency and ejaculation latency prolonged significantly in CUMS-induced rats when compared with normal rats. Meanwhile, the treatment of tadalafil reversed the level of anhedonia and sexual function in CUMS-induced rats. However, there were no statistical differences in the levels of serum testosterone, dopamine, and 5-HT among groups. Clinical Implications The study constructed an animal model that can provide clinical insights into the mechanism of psychogenic sexual dysfunction and supports the application of tadalafil in pED therapy. Strengths and Limitations We found that CUMS-induced rats exhibited anhedonia and poor sexual function that could be prevented by tadalafil administration. Future research needs to construct the standard of pED model and explore the mechanism of tadalafil on central nervous system. Conclusion Tadalafil could prevent the changes of depression and poor sexual function in rats induced by CUMS, and the method of CUMS and the sexual behavior test should be used in the future for pED modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziheng Zhang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ziyang Han
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yongsheng Jiang
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
- Department of Reproductive Center, Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an 223001, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianhuai Chen
- Corresponding author: Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. ;
| | - Yun Chen
- Corresponding author: Department of Andrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. ;
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Kolahdouz M, Jafari F, Falanji F, Nazemi S, Mohammadzadeh M, Molavi M, Amin B. Clavulanic Acid Attenuating Effect on the Diabetic Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1759-1770. [PMID: 33846883 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus. Excess glutamate release and oxidative stress are hypothesized to be involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes-induced neuropathy. This study was designed to investigate the effect of clavulanic acid (CLAV), a competitive beta-lactamase inhibitor, on the streptozocin (STZ)-induced neuropathic pain and possible mechanisms in the spinal cord of rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into naive group; control group which got a single dose of STZ (50 mg/kg, i.p.), as a model of diabetic neuropathic pain; prophylactic groups: animals received CLAV (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) 1 week after STZ for 10 days; and therapeutic group: animals received 20 mg/kg CLAV, 21 days after STZ for 10 days. Study of pain behaviors was started on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42 after STZ. The expression of the glutamate transport 1 (GLT1), genes of oxidative stress including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), as well as genes involved in the apoptosis including bcl2, bcl2-associated x (bax) were measured in the spinal cord tissue by Real Time PCR, on day 42. On day 21 post injection of STZ, diabetic animals showed significant mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. CLAV in all doses of 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg reduced symptoms of allodynia and hyperalgesia, in both prophylactic and therapeutic regimens. While iNOS, TNF-α, bax/bcl2 were found significantly overexpressed in spinal cord of diabetic animals, their expression in animals received CLAV had been reduced. In contrast, GLT1 that had decreased in the spinal cord of diabetic animals, significantly increased in those received CLAV. CLAV was found a promising candidate for reliving neuropathic pain in diabetes mellitus. Such beneficial effect of CLAV could be, in part, attributed to the increased expression of GLT 1, inhibition of nitrosative stress, anti-inflammation, and inhibition of some apoptotic mediators followed by administration into diabetic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoush Kolahdouz
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Faranak Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Falanji
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Samad Nazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mohammadzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mehdi Molavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.
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Ghanbarabadi M, Falanji F, Rad A, Chazani Sharahi N, Amoueian S, Amin M, Molavi M, Amin B. Neuroprotective effects of clavulanic acid following permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:1110-1119. [PMID: 31482584 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether clavulanic acid could improve learning and memory, in rats underwent bilateral occlusion of common carotid artery (2VO). Seventy male Wistar rats were subjected to 2VO, with a 1-week interval between right and left artery occlusions. After 2VO, animals received clavulanic acid (10, 20, 40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), from day 8 to 20. Spatial memory was assessed in the Morris water maze, 1 week after the induction of 2VO (day 15). The mRNA expression levels of bcl-2, bcl2-associated x protein (bax), caspase-3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and amyloid beta precursor protein (APP) were measured in the neocortex and hippocampus. Clavulanic acid significantly decreased the escape latency and swimming time in the training trial days. As well, it increased time and distance percentage in the target quadrant, while it decreased such factors in the opposite quadrant in the final trial day, compared to 2VO + normal saline animals. Real time-PCR data showed a significant higher mRNA expression of bax, caspase 3, and iNOS in the hippocampus and neocortex of 2VO animal compared to nonoccluded rats. APP increased in the neocortex but not hippocampus. Compared with 2VO animals, clavulanic acid significantly down-regulated the expression of iNOS, caspase 3, and APP, accompanied by diminishing the bax/bcl2 ratio. Our results reveal a potential therapeutic use of clavulanic acid for cognitive dysfunction associated with cerebral hypoperfusion in vascular dementia and Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ghanbarabadi
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Farahnaz Falanji
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | | | - Sakineh Amoueian
- Pathology Department, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohamadreza Amin
- Laboratory Experimental Surgical Oncology, Section Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mehdi Molavi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Bahareh Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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6
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Amin B, Avaznia M, Noorani R, Mehri S, Hosseinzadeh H. Upregulation of Glutamate Transporter 1 by Clavulanic Acid Administration and Attenuation of Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in Neuropathic Rats. Basic Clin Neurosci 2019; 10:345-354. [PMID: 32231771 PMCID: PMC7101523 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.10.4.799.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Clavulanic acid (CLAV) is structurally similar to ceftriaxone, a potent stimulator of glial GlutamateTransporter-1 (GLT-1) expression. The present study aims at exploring the anti-nociceptive effects of CLAV, a beta-lactamase inhibitor in rats underwent sciatic nerve Chronic Constriction Injury (CCI). Methods: CLAV (12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally after the surgery for 14 consecutive days. Behavioral pain parameters were evaluated before and 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after injury. Spinal GLT-1 level was measured via western blotting at days 7 and 14. Results: CCI led to mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia which started on postoperative days 3 and continued until the end of study. We found that CLAV (12.5 and 25 mg/kg) significantly attenuated all pain related behaviors as compared to the CCI animals treated with normal saline. Protein level of GLT-1 was down-regulated on day 14 following CCI and this phenomenon was reversed by fourteen days treatment of CLAV at the low doses of 12.5 and 25 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results suggest that CLAV might provide a new therapeutic strategy for neuropathic pain and its effect might be partially associated with the up-regulation of GLT-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Amin
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Avaznia
- Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Noorani
- Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Milenkovic U, Campbell J, Roussel E, Albersen M. An update on emerging drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2018; 23:319-330. [DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2018.1552938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Milenkovic
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Campbell
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - E. Roussel
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M. Albersen
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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8
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Mehri S, Sajjadi SS, Tabatabai SM, Hosseinzadeh H. Effects of Clavulanic Acid on the Acquisition and Reinstatement Following Morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice. Basic Clin Neurosci 2018; 9:289-296. [PMID: 30519387 PMCID: PMC6276532 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.9.4.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: β-Lactam antibiotics like Clavulanic Acid (CA) enhances cellular glutamate uptake through activation of Glutamate Transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) and decreases the level of glutamate in the nervous system. Based on studies, blocking the glutamate activity inhibits morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) in animals. Therefore, the effects of CA on the acquisition of morphine craving were evaluated using the CPP model in the current study. Methods: CA (1, 50 and 150 mg/kg, ip) was co-administered with morphine (40 mg/kg) for 4 days in the conditioning phase. On day 8, the effects of CA on morphine preference was assessed. In another experiment, the effect of CA on reinstatement of morphine preference by a single morphine injection (10 mg/kg) was evaluated after an extinction period. Results: In the first method, the morphine-induced place preference was markedly reduced following administration of CA (50 and 150 mg/kg). In the second experiment, a single administration of CA (50 and 150 mg/kg) markedly inhibited the reinstatement of morphine preference on day 16. The results indicated that CA (50, 150 mg/kg) can block both morphine-induced CPP and the reinstatement of place preference following priming dose of morphine. Also memantine (as a positive control) (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited both acquisition and reinstatement of morphine CPP. Conclusion: Considering the important role of glutamate neurotransmission in morphine dependence, the effects of CA may be partly due to decrease in glutamate level in synaptic space and blockade of N-Methyl-D-aspartate Acid (NMDA) receptors. Although, we need further studies to determine exact cellular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Mehri
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Saber Sajjadi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Meghdad Tabatabai
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Ochoa-Aguilar A, Ventura-Martinez R, Sotomayor-Sobrino MA, Jaimez R, Coffeen U, Jiménez-González A, Balcázar-Ochoa LG, Pérez-Medina-Carballo R, Rodriguez R, Plancarte-Sánchez R. Ceftriaxone and clavulanic acid induce antiallodynia and anti-inflammatory effects in rats using the carrageenan model. J Pain Res 2018; 11:977-985. [PMID: 29861639 PMCID: PMC5968784 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s154661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ceftriaxone (CFX) and clavulanic acid (CA) are 2 β-lactam molecules widely used as antibiotics. However, several reports of their antiallodynic properties have been published in recent years. Although this effect has been considered mostly due to a GLT1 overexpression, these molecules have also been proven to induce direct immunomodulation. In this work, we determine the acute analgesic effect of CFX and CA in an inflammatory pain model and assess if their administration may induce anti-inflammatory effects. Methods The carrageenan (Carr) test was used as an inflammatory pain model. Both mechanical and thermal responses were analyzed after CFX and CA administration at different times. A plethysmometer was used to determine inflammation. Also, TNF-α and IL-10 serum concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Both CFX and CA induced a significant thermal antiallodynic effect 3 and 24 h after administration. Furthermore, CA induced a mechanical antiallodynic effect 30, 60, and 90 min after administration. Moreover, a significant anti-inflammatory effect was found for both molecules 24 h after Carr injection. Also, both CA and CFX modulated TNF-α and IL-10 serum concentrations at different times. Conclusion Our results provide evidence that both CFX and CA cause an analgesic effect on a Carr inflammatory pain model and that said analgesic effect differs between each β-lactam molecule. Furthermore, this effect may be related to an anti-inflammatory effect of both molecules and a direct TNF-α and IL-10 serum concentration modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Ochoa-Aguilar
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México.,Research Department, Mexican Faculty of Medicine, La Salle University, Mexico City, México
| | - Rosa Ventura-Martinez
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Ruth Jaimez
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México
| | - Ulises Coffeen
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, México
| | | | | | | | - Rodolfo Rodriguez
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, México
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Silakhori S, Hosseinzadeh H, Shaebani Behbahani F, Mehri S. Neuroprotective effect of clavulanic acid on trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:187-193. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1468772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Silakhori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaebani Behbahani
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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A study of time- and sex-dependent effects of vortioxetine on rat sexual behavior: Possible roles of direct receptor modulation. Neuropharmacology 2017; 121:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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12
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Ryu JK, Suh JK, Burnett AL. Research in pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:207-215. [PMID: 28540228 PMCID: PMC5422707 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2016.11.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although oral phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors are generally accepted as an effective therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED), men with ED from diabetes or radical prostatectomy respond poorly to these drugs. Many researchers have tried to develop novel therapeutics that target alternative molecular pathways. A group of therapeutics belongs to centrally acting agents that target dopamine and melanocortin receptors. The other one is the peripherally acting agents that target soluble guanylate cyclase, Rho-kinase pathway, and Maxi-K channel, etc. Also, a variety of preclinical studies by the application of biotherapies in the concept of therapeutic angiogenesis or neural regeneration as well as anti-fibrosis to regenerate damaged erectile tissue have been reported. This article will address the current therapeutic targets for ED under clinical or preclinical development, including pharmacotherapy and biotherapy which comprises protein therapy and gene therapy. In spite of numerous clinical trials that target alternative pathways, these agents have yet to reach the market. The results from preclinical studies targeting therapeutic angiogenesis, neural regeneration, and anti-fibrosis are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kan Ryu
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Korea
| | - Jun-Kyu Suh
- National Research Center for Sexual Medicine and Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-711, Korea
| | - Arthur L Burnett
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Simonsen U, Comerma-Steffensen S, Andersson KE. Modulation of Dopaminergic Pathways to Treat Erectile Dysfunction. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 119 Suppl 3:63-74. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Simon Comerma-Steffensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Science; Faculty of Veterinary Science; Central University of Venezuela; Maracay Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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Voznesensky I, DeLay KJ, Hellstrom WJG. Advances in pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction and associated cardiac impact. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2016; 17:2281-2289. [DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2016.1241766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Simonsen AL, Danborg PB, Gøtzsche PC. Persistent sexual dysfunction after early exposure to SSRIs: Systematic review of animal studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2016; 28:1-12. [DOI: 10.3233/jrs-160668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Peak TC, Yafi FA, Sangkum P, Hellstrom WJG. Emerging drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2015; 20:263-75. [PMID: 25740087 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2015.1021682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Erectile dysfunction adversely affects the lives of millions of men, and is the most commonly treated sexual disorder today. The erectile process has been extensively investigated, with major advances made in elucidating many of the complex molecular pathways involved. These advances have allowed researchers to design and study drug formulations that target various aspects of this complex process. The initial culmination of this research was the introduction of phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitors. While effective in many patients, they are not satisfactory for all afflicted men. As a result, researchers are developing novel drugs that target different molecular pathways. AREAS COVERED The paper will review these pathways, and the potential agents that target them. More specifically, first dopaminergic and melanocortin receptor agonists that act centrally will be covered. Then, the paper will examine the "second-generation" phosphodiesterase 5-inhibitors, soluble guanylate cyclases, rho-kinase inhibitors, and maxi-k channel activators that act peripherally. EXPERT OPINION Most of these novel drugs have yet to reach Phase III studies. However, it is likely that in years to come, patients will be selectively treated with these novel agents as a monotherapy or in combination with others acting in a synergistic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C Peak
- Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, LA , USA
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Allouh MZ, Daradka HM, Barbarawi MMA, Mustafa AG. Fresh onion juice enhanced copulatory behavior in male rats with and without paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 239:177-82. [DOI: 10.1177/1535370213508360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Onion ( Allium cepa) is one of the most commonly cultivated species of the family Liliaceae, and has long been used in dietary and therapeutic applications. Treatment with fresh onion juice has been reported to promote testosterone production in male rats. Testosterone is the male sex hormone responsible for enhancing sexual libido and potency. This study aimed to investigate the effects of onion juice on copulatory behavior of sexually potent male rats and in male rats with paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction. Sexually experienced male rats were divided into seven groups: a control group, three onion juice-treated groups, a paroxetine-treated group, and two groups treated with paroxetine plus different doses of onion juice. At the end of the treatments, sexual behavior parameters and testosterone levels were measured and compared among the groups. Administration of onion juice significantly reduced mount frequency and latency and increased the copulatory efficacy of potent male rats. In addition, administration of onion juice attenuated the prolonged ejaculatory latency period induced by paroxetine and increased the percentage of ejaculating rats. Serum testosterone levels increased significantly by onion juice administration. However, a significant reduction in testosterone because of paroxetine therapy was observed. This reduction was restored to normal levels by administration of onion juice. This study conclusively demonstrates that fresh onion juice improves copulatory behavior in sexually potent male rats and in those with paroxetine-induced sexual dysfunction by increasing serum testosterone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Z Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Haytham M Daradka
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jerash University, Jerash 22110, Jordan
| | - Mohammed M Al Barbarawi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
| | - Ayman G Mustafa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
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Sanna F, Melis MR, Angioni L, Argiolas A. Clavulanic acid induces penile erection and yawning in male rats: comparison with apomorphine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2012; 103:750-5. [PMID: 23234836 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid induced penile erection and yawning in a dose dependent manner when given intraperitoneally (IP, 0.05-5mg/kg), perorally (OS, 0.1-5mg/kg) and intracereboventricularly (ICV, 0.01-5 μg/rat) to male rats. The effect resembles that of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine given subcutaneously (SC) (0.02-0.25mg/kg), although the responses of the latter followed a U inverted dose-response curve, disappearing at doses higher than 0.1mg/kg. Clavulanic acid responses were reduced by about 55% by haloperidol, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist (0.1mg/kg IP), and by d(CH(2))(5)Tyr(Me)(2)-Orn(8)-vasotocin, an oxytocin receptor antagonist (2 μg/rat ICV), both given 15 min before clavulanic acid. A higher reduction of clavulanic acid responses (more than 80%) was also found with morphine, an opioid receptor agonist (5mg/kg IP), and with mianserin, a serotonin 5HT(2c) receptor antagonist (0.2mg/kg SC). In contrast, no reduction was found with naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist (1mg/kg IP). The ability of haloperidol, d(CH(2))(5)Tyr(Me)(2)-Orn(8)-vasotocin and morphine to reduce clavulanic acid induced penile erection and yawning suggests that clavulanic acid induces these responses, at least in part, by increasing central dopaminergic neurotransmission. Dopamine in turn activates oxytocinergic neurotransmission and centrally released oxytocin induces penile erection and yawning. However, since both penile erection and yawning episodes were reduced not only by the blockade of central dopamine and oxytocin receptors and by the stimulation of opioid receptors, which inhibits oxytocinergic neurotransmission, but also by mianserin, an increase of central serotonin neurotransmission is also likely to participate in these clavulanic acid responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology Section, University of Cagliari, Italy
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Results of a proof-of-concept, dose-finding, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of RX-10100 (Serdaxin®) in subjects with major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:601-10. [PMID: 22203317 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RX-10100 (Serdaxin®), a nonantibiotic small molecule beta-lactam compound, has shown potent antidepressant and anxiolytic activities in preclinical models. RX-10100 does not bind to the serotonin transporter or other receptors associated with monoamine activity. In microdialysis studies with rats, RX-10100 increased the release of dopamine and serotonin metabolites. A clinical proof-of-concept study was conducted to determine the clinical effectiveness of RX-10100 in treating depression. METHODS This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study of people with depression (n = 77; HAM-D-17 baseline score ≥ 20). Eligible subjects were randomly assigned to receive RX-10100 (5, 10, or 15 mg twice daily) or placebo for 8 weeks. Change from baseline in the MADRS total score was the primary endpoint. RESULTS Mean changes in MADRS scores were -46.0%, -37.9%, and -41.4%, for 5, 10, and 15 mg RX-10100, respectively, as compared with 43.1% for placebo. In subjects with severe depression (baseline MADRS ≥ 29; n = 28) scores improved 55.6% with 5 mg RX-10100 but only 34% with placebo (p = 0.041). In an analysis of responders (i.e., subjects with 50% change from baseline score), 64.3% of subjects treated with 5 mg RX-10100 responded. All doses of RX-10100 were well-tolerated. CONCLUSION In this proof-of-concept study, RX-10100 treatment (5 mg twice daily) improved MADRS scores in subjects with severe depression. RX-10100 does not appear to have many of the typical side effects of other antidepressants. These results indicate a need for larger studies further evaluating RX-10100 at 5 mg and lower doses.
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Clavulanic acid increases dopamine release in neuronal cells through a mechanism involving enhanced vesicle trafficking. Neurosci Lett 2011; 504:170-175. [PMID: 21964384 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clavulanic acid is a CNS-modulating compound with exceptional blood-brain barrier permeability and safety profile. Clavulanic acid has been proposed to have anti-depressant activity and is currently entering Phase IIb clinical trials for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Studies have also shown that clavulanic acid suppresses anxiety and enhances sexual functions in rodent and primate models by a mechanism involving central nervous system (CNS) modulation, although its detailed mechanism of action has yet to be elucidated. To further examine its potential as a CNS modulating agent as well as its mechanism of action, we investigated the effects of clavulanic acid in neuronal cells. Our results indicate that clavulanic acid enhances dopamine release in PC12 and SH-SY5Y cells without affecting dopamine synthesis. Furthermore, using affinity chromatography we were able to identify two proteins, Munc18-1 and Rab4 that potentially bind to clavulanic acid and play a critical role in neurosecretion and the vesicle trafficking process. Consistent with this result, an increase in the translocation of Munc18-1 and Rab4 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane was observed in clavulanic acid treated cells. Overall, these data suggest that clavulanic acid enhances dopamine release in a mechanism involving Munc18-1 and Rab4 modulation and warrants further investigation of its therapeutic use in CNS disorders, such as depression.
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Gasior M, Socała K, Nieoczym D, Wlaź P. Clavulanic acid does not affect convulsions in acute seizure tests in mice. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2011; 119:1-6. [PMID: 21638029 PMCID: PMC3250610 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-011-0662-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Clavulanic acid (CLAV) inhibits bacterial β-lactamases and is commonly used to aid antibiotic therapy. Prompted by the initial evidence suggestive of the potential anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of CLAV, the present study was undertaken to systematically evaluate its acute effects on seizure thresholds in seizure tests typically used in primary screening of potential antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). In the present study, 6-Hz seizure threshold, maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) test, and intravenous pentylenetetrazole (i.v. PTZ) seizure tests were used to determine anticonvulsant effects of intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered CLAV in mice. Acute effects on motor coordination and muscle strength were assessed in the chimney and grip-strength tests, respectively. Doses of CLAV studied in the present study were either comparable or extended the doses reported in the literature to be effective against kainic acid-induced convulsions in mice or behaviorally active in rodents and monkeys. CLAV had no effect on seizure thresholds in the 6-Hz (64 ng/kg to 1 mg/kg) and MEST (64 ng/kg to 5 mg/kg) seizure tests. Similarly, CLAV had no effect on seizure thresholds for i.v. PTZ-induced myoclonic twitch, clonic convulsions, and tonic convulsions (64 ng/kg to 5 mg/kg). Finally, CLAV (64 ng/kg to 5 mg/kg) had no effect on the motor performance and muscle strength in the chimney and grip-strength tests, respectively. In summary, CLAV failed to affect seizure thresholds in three seizure tests in mice. Although the results of the present study do not support further development of CLAV as an AED, its beneficial effects in chronic epilepsy models warrant further evaluation owing to its, for example, potential neuroprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Gasior
- Clinical Research, Cephalon, Inc., 41 Moores Road, Frazer, PA 19355 USA
| | - Katarzyna Socała
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Nieoczym
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
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Chan JSW, Snoeren EMS, Cuppen E, Waldinger MD, Olivier B, Oosting RS. The serotonin transporter plays an important role in male sexual behavior: a study in serotonin transporter knockout rats. J Sex Med 2011; 8:97-108. [PMID: 20704641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01961.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter for sexual behaviors. Heterozygous (+/-) serotonin transporter (SERT) rats and SERT knockout rats (-/-) have serotonergic disturbances with significant elevations of basal extracellular 5-HT levels. AIM To investigate the putative role of the SERT in male sexual behavior. METHODS After extensive sexual training, the effects of the 5-HT(1A/7) receptor agonist ± 8-OH-DPAT, the 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonist WAY100 635 and a combination of both on sexual behaviors of SERT(-/-) and SERT(+/-) knockout and wildtype (SERT(+/+) ) male Wistar rats were examined. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Male rat sexual behaviors of mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations. RESULTS SERT(-/-) had lower basal ejaculation frequencies than SERT(+/-) and SERT(+/+) animals. ± 8-OH-DPAT enhanced sexual performance in all three genotypes to the same extent. WAY100635 dose-dependently inhibited sexual behavior in all three genotypes with significant dose to genotype interactions. WAY100635 exerted the strongest effects in SERT(-/-) animals. The combination of a dose range of ± 8-OH-DPAT and a selected dose of WAY100635 revealed only partial antagonism by ± 8-OH-DPAT of the sexual inhibitory effects of WAY100635. CONCLUSIONS Absence of the serotonin transporter reduces basal ejaculatory performance in male rats. Pharmacological experiments suggest that separate pools of 5-HT(1A) receptors regulate different aspects of sexual performance in male rats. 5-HT(7) receptors may play a minor role in the partial recovery of sexual behavior after combination of ± 8-OH-DPAT and WAY100635. The SERT(-/-) rat may be a model for chronic SSRI treatment, delayed ejaculation, anorgasmia, and/or low libido.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny S W Chan
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht University, Sorbonnelaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Albersen M, Shindel AW, Mwamukonda KB, Lue TF. The future is today: emerging drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2010; 15:467-80. [PMID: 20415601 DOI: 10.1517/14728214.2010.480973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the most common male sexual dysfunction presented for treatment affecting between 10 and 20% of men. PDE type 5 inhibitors (PDE5I) now account for the largest segment of the ED market. While these drugs are highly efficacious for many men, a relatively large subset of ED patients who do not respond to PDE5I is increasingly recognized. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW In this review, we discuss clinical and preclinical evidence supporting various emerging compounds that regulate penile erection both centrally (clavulanic acid, dopamine and melanocortin receptor agonists) and peripherally (novel PDE5I, soluble and particulate guanylil cyclase activators, rho-kinase inhibitors and maxi-K channel openers). WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN The reader will gain a broad understanding of erectile (patho-)physiology and gain insights in the mechanisms of action, efficacy and adverse events of various compounds under development for the treatment of ED. TAKE HOME MESSAGE We expect emerging drugs to allow treatment protocols tailored to the specific needs of each individual patient, taking into consideration the efficacy of erectile performance enhancement and the potential for adverse events. This tailored approach may include combination of various emerging drugs to enhance efficacy in difficult-to-treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Albersen
- Basic Research Fellow Male Sexual Dysfunction, University of California at San Francisco, Department of Urology, Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Campus Box 0738, San Francisco, CA 94143-0738, USA
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Snoeren EMS, Chan JSW, de Jong TR, Waldinger MD, Olivier B, Oosting RS. A new female rat animal model for hypoactive sexual desire disorder; behavioral and pharmacological evidence. J Sex Med 2010; 8:44-56. [PMID: 20807327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01998.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) affects 33-48% of women. Female rats with low sexual activity might model FSD. AIM In this study, we have investigated whether in a population of normal female rats, subpopulations of rats exist with different levels of sexual behavior. METHODS Sexually experienced, intact, estradiol-primed female rats were placed in an empty compartment adjacent to a compartment with a male. The females were allowed, during 30 minutes, to switch between the compartments via a hole through which only the females could pass (paced mating). Next, we investigated the acute effects on female sexual behavior of apomorphine, a D(1) - and D(2) -type dopamine receptor agonist, (+/-)-8-hydroxy-2-(dipropylamino)tetralin hydrobromide (± 8-OH-DPAT), a 5-HT1A receptor agonist, and paroxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time spent in compartments, proceptive behaviors, contact-return latencies, and percentages of exits were quantified. RESULTS Based on their behavior in the paced mating sex test, estradiol-primed, intact female rats can be divided into three groups: those that mostly avoid the male, a large middle group, and those that mostly approach the male. The avoiders also showed significantly less proceptive behavior than the male approachers. The sexual behavior of the females was relatively stable over time, suggesting the existence of different endophenotypes in female rats. Apomorphine and ± 8-OH-DPAT had an inhibiting effect on sexual behavior, but only females dosed with apomorphine showed a different response in avoiders and approachers, more inhibiting effect in avoiders than approachers. Paroxetine had no effect on proceptive behavior. DISCUSSION The stable, male-avoiding behavior of some females might correspond to the characteristics of women with FSD. Therefore, these avoiders are a promising new model for FSD, specifically for sexual desire and/or arousal disorders. Furthermore, the apomorphine data suggest that differences in the dopamine system may (partly) underlie the differences in sexual behaviors between avoiders and approachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eelke M S Snoeren
- Department of Psychopharmacology, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Huh Y, Ju MS, Park H, Han S, Bang YM, Ferris CF, Koppell GA, King JA, Kim ML, Kim DJ, Ahn CH, Oh MS. Clavulanic acid protects neurons in pharmacological models of neurodegenerative diseases. Drug Dev Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.20378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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