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Assessing Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Therapeutic Effect for Glioblastoma Multiforme. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072643. [PMID: 35408257 PMCID: PMC9002887 DOI: 10.3390/s22072643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that Raman microscopy combined with computational analysis is a useful approach to discriminating accurately between brain tumor bio-specimens and to identifying structural changes in glioblastoma (GBM) bio-signatures after nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) administration. NDGA phenolic lignan was selected as a potential therapeutic agent because of its reported beneficial effects in alleviating and inhibiting the formation of multi-organ malignant tumors. The current analysis of NDGA's impact on GBM human cells demonstrates a reduction in the quantity of altered protein content and of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged phenylalanine; results that correlate with the ROS scavenger and anti-oxidant properties of NDGA. A novel outcome presented here is the use of phenylalanine as a biomarker for differentiating between samples and assessing drug efficacy. Treatment with a low NDGA dose shows a decline in abnormal lipid-protein metabolism, which is inferred by the formation of lipid droplets and a decrease in altered protein content. A very high dose results in cell structural and membrane damage that favors transformed protein overexpression. The information gained through this work is of substantial value for understanding NDGA's beneficial as well as detrimental bio-effects as a potential therapeutic drug for brain cancer.
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Manda G, Rojo AI, Martínez-Klimova E, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cuadrado A. Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid: From Herbal Medicine to Clinical Development for Cancer and Chronic Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:151. [PMID: 32184727 PMCID: PMC7058590 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a phenolic lignan obtained from Larrea tridentata, the creosote bush found in Mexico and USA deserts, that has been used in traditional medicine for the treatment of numerous diseases such as cancer, renal, cardiovascular, immunological, and neurological disorders, and even aging. NDGA presents two catechol rings that confer a very potent antioxidant activity by scavenging oxygen free radicals and this may explain part of its therapeutic action. Additional effects include inhibition of lipoxygenases (LOXs) and activation of signaling pathways that impinge on the transcription factor Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor (NRF2). On the other hand, the oxidation of the catechols to the corresponding quinones my elicit alterations in proteins and DNA that raise safety concerns. This review describes the current knowledge on NDGA, its targets and side effects, and its synthetic analogs as promising therapeutic agents, highlighting their mechanism of action and clinical projection towards therapy of neurodegenerative, liver, and kidney disease, as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Manda
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz (idiPAZ), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" UAM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Li X, Fan S, Pan X, Xiaokaiti Y, Duan J, Shi Y, Pan Y, Tie L, Wang X, Li Y, Li X. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid impairs prostate cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis by suppressing neuropilin 1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86225-86238. [PMID: 27863391 PMCID: PMC5349909 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a major cause leading to the deaths of cancer patients. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural product that has been demonstrated to show therapeutic values in multiple diseases. In this study, we report that NDGA can inhibit cell migration and tumor metastasis via a novel mechanism. NDGA suppresses NRP1 function by downregulating its expression, which leads to attenuated cell motility, cell adhesion to ECM and FAK signaling in cancer cells. Moreover, due to its cross-cell type activity on NRP1 suppression, NDGA also impairs angiogenesis function of endothelial cells and fibronectin assembly by fibroblasts, both of which are critical to promote metastasis. Based on these comprehensive effects, NDGA effectively suppresses tumor metastasis in nude mice model. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying the anti-metastasis function of NDGA and indicate the potential value of NDGA in NRP1 targeting therapy for selected subtypes of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shengjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueyang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.,Current address: University of Minnesota, Twin cities, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yilixiati Xiaokaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianhui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yundi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Tie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Current address: University of Minnesota, Twin cities, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Zhang Y, Xu S, Lin J, Yao G, Han Z, Liang B, Zou Z, Chen Z, Song Q, Dai Y, Gao T, Liu A, Bai X. mTORC1 is a target of nordihydroguaiaretic acid to prevent breast tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:379-88. [PMID: 23053656 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2270-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural phenolic compound isolated from the creosote bush Larrea divaricata, which has anti-tumor activities both in vitro and in vivo. Its analogs are in clinical development for use in refractory solid tumors. But the mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effect of NDGA are not fully understood. In this study, we identified mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) as a target of NDGA both in cultured breast cancer cells and in xenograft models. NDGA effectively inhibited basal level of mTORC1 but not mTORC2 activity in breast cancer cell lines. NDGA also suppressed mTORC1 downstream signaling such as expression of cyclin D1, hypoxia-inducible factor-α and VEGF, and prevented proliferation in breast cancer cells. Although NDGA stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) signaling, which negatively regulates mTORC1, AMPK and TSC2 deletion could not diminish the inhibition of mTORC1 by NDGA. Subsequent studies revealed that NDGA may also direct target mTORC1 complex because NDGA suppressed amino acids- and insulin-stimulated mTORC1 and acted like rapamycin to disrupt mTOR-Raptor interaction. Most importantly, NDGA repressed breast tumor growth and targeted mTORC1 and its downstream signaling in xenograft models. Together our data provide a novel mechanism for NDGA activity which could help explain its anti-cancer activity. Disruption of mTOR-Raptor complex and activation of AMPK/TSC signaling may contribute to inhibitory effects of NDGA against mTORC1. Our data also raise the possibility that NDGA, as an mTORC1 inhibitor, may have a broad spectrum of action on breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Lignan constituents of Tilia amurensis and their biological evaluation on antitumor and anti-inflammatory activities. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:3680-6. [PMID: 22819933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the recent decade, numerous lignan derivatives isolated from plants have been proven to have the potential as an anti-cancer substance. On the search for anti-cancer compounds from Korean medicinal plants, the methanolic extract from the trunk of Tilia amurensis Rupr. (Tiliaceae) was found to have significant cytotoxicity against A549 (lung carcinoma), SK-OV-3 (ovary malignant ascites), SK-MEL-2 (skin melanoma), and HCT-15 (colon adenocarcinoma) in our screening test. Hence, a bioassay-guided fractionation and chemical investigation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation and identification of 10 lignan derivatives (1-10) including two new lignan glycosides named tiliamurosides A (1) and B (2). The structures of these new compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, namely 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), circular dichroism (CD) data, and chemical methods. Tiliamuroside B (2) and schizandriside (3) showed significant cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines with inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.26-8.89 μM. Moreover, (-)-syringaresinol (8) and (-)-pinoresinol 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in murine microglia BV-2 with IC50 values of 15.05 and 34.35 μM, respectively.
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Rojo AI, Medina-Campos ON, Rada P, Zúñiga-Toalá A, López-Gazcón A, Espada S, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Cuadrado A. Signaling pathways activated by the phytochemical nordihydroguaiaretic acid contribute to a Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 stability: Role of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:473-87. [PMID: 22142471 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Defense against oxidative stress is executed by an antioxidant program that is tightly controlled by the transcription factor Nrf2. The stability of Nrf2 involves the interaction of two degradation domains, designated Neh2 and Neh6, with the E3 ubiquitin ligase adaptors, Keap1 and β-TrCP, respectively. The regulation of Nrf2 through the Neh6 degron remains largely unexplored but requires GSK-3 to form a phosphodegron. In this study, the cancer-chemopreventive agent nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) increased the level of Nrf2 protein and expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in kidney-derived LLC-PK1 and HEK293T cells and in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs). However, NDGA did not induce HO-1 in Nrf2(-/-) MEFs, indicating that Nrf2 is required for induction. The relevance of the Nrf2/HO-1 axis to antioxidant protection was further demonstrated by the finding that the HO-1 inhibitor stannous-mesoporphyrin abolished protection against hydrogen peroxide conferred by NDGA. NDGA increased Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels in Keap1(-/-) MEFs, implying that Keap1-independent mechanisms regulate Nrf2 stability. Mutants of the Neh2 or Nrh6 domain and chimeric proteins comprising cyan fluorescent protein fused to Neh2 and green fluorescent protein fused to Neh6 exhibited longer half-lives in the presence of NDGA, demonstrating that NDGA targets both the Neh2 and the Neh6 degrons. In common with other chemopreventive agents, NDGA activated the ERK1/2, p38, JNK, and PI3K pathways. By using selective kinase inhibitors we found that PI3K, JNK, and p38 were responsible for the stabilization of Nrf2 and induction of HO-1 by NDGA. To explain how NDGA might up-regulate Nrf2 in a Keap1-independent manner we explored the participation of GSK-3β because it controls the Neh6 phosphodegron. Importantly, NDGA caused inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β at Ser9 and at Thr390, and this was associated with a substantial reduction in Neh6 phosphorylation. Our study demonstrates that NDGA activates Nrf2 through multiple signaling cascades and identifies GSK-3β as an integrator of these signaling pathways and a gatekeeper of Nrf2 stability at the level of the Neh6 phosphodegron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rojo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Centro de Investigación en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Paz, Madrid 28029, Spain
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Malaguarnera R, Belfiore A. The insulin receptor: a new target for cancer therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:93. [PMID: 22654833 PMCID: PMC3356071 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidences have shown that both the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) and the insulin receptor (IR) play a role in cancer development and progression. In particular, IR overactivation by IGF-II is common in cancer cells, especially in dedifferentiated/stem-like cells. In spite of these findings, until very recently, only IGF-IR but not IR has been considered a target in cancer therapy. Although several preclinical studies have showed a good anti-cancer activity of selective anti-IGF-IR drugs, the results of the clinical first trials have been disappointing. In fact, only a small subset of malignant tumors has shown an objective response to these therapies. Development of resistance to anti-IGF-IR drugs may include upregulation of IR isoform A (IR-A) in cancer cells and its overactivation by increased secretion of autocrine IGF-II. These findings have led to the concept that co-targeting IR together with IGF-IR may increase therapy efficacy and prevent adaptive resistance to selective anti-IGF-IR drugs. IR blockade should be especially considered in tumors with high IR-A:IGF-IR ratio and high levels of autocrine IGF-II. Conversely, insulin sensitizers, which ameliorate insulin resistance associated with metabolic disorders and cancer treatments, may have important implications for cancer prevention and management. Only few drugs co-targeting the IR and IGF-IR are currently available. Ideally, future IR targeting strategies should be able to selectively inhibit the tumor promoting effects of IR without impairing its metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of CatanzaroCatanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia of CatanzaroCatanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonino Belfiore, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario, Viale Europa, località Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy. e-mail:
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Park S, Lee J. Inhibitory effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid on β-catenin/Tcf signalling in β-catenin-activated cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2010; 29:22-9. [PMID: 21264886 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Activated β-catenin/T-cell factor (Tcf) signalling plays a role in human carcinogenesis. We identified the inhibitory effect of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) against β-catenin/Tcf signalling in β-catenin activated cells. NDGA inhibited the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/Tcf in HEK293 cells transiently transfected with a constitutively active mutant β-catenin gene. To investigate the inhibitory mechanism, electrophoresis mobility shift assay, immunoprecipitation and Western blot experiments were performed. The shift assay showed that the binding of Tcf complexes with its specific DNA-binding sites was suppressed by NDGA. Immunoprecipitation analysis also showed that the binding of β-catenin to Tcf-4 was also disrupted by NDGA. Western blot analysis showed a decreased level of β-catenin in nucleus caused by NDGA. NDGA did not decrease phosphorylation of Akt and GSK3β. Taken together, these results suggest that the NDGA acts as a negative regulator of β-catenin/Tcf signalling and its inhibitory mechanism is related to the decreased binding of β-catenin/Tcf complexes to consensus DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Park
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
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Lü JM, Nurko J, Weakley SM, Jiang J, Kougias P, Lin PH, Yao Q, Chen C. Molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and its derivatives: an update. Med Sci Monit 2010; 16:RA93-RA100. [PMID: 20424564 PMCID: PMC2927326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Creosote bush, Larrea tridentata, is known as chaparral or greasewood in the United States and as gobernadora or hediondilla in Mexico. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), the main metabolite of the creosote bush, has been shown to have promising applications in the treatment of multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders and cancers. Creosote bush is a promising agent of North American herbal medicine, and it has extensive pharmacological effects and specific mechanisms of actions. This review provides an update of recent in vitro and in vivo research about NDGA and describes experimental studies using NDGA as antioxidant. Also, potential medical uses based on the effects of NDGA on the cardiovascular, immune and neurological systems; cancer; tissue engineering; as well as pharmacokinetics and toxicity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Lü
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jacobo Nurko
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Sarah M. Weakley
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Jun Jiang
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Panagiotis Kougias
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Peter H. Lin
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
| | - Changyi Chen
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, U.S.A
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