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Mukherjee AG, Renu K, Gopalakrishnan AV, Jayaraj R, Dey A, Vellingiri B, Ganesan R. Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiac lipotoxicity: A review. Life Sci 2023; 328:121913. [PMID: 37414140 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has morphological and physiological contiguity with the myocardium and coronary arteries, making it a visceral fat deposit with some unique properties. Under normal circumstances, EAT exhibits biochemical, mechanical, and thermogenic cardioprotective characteristics. Under clinical processes, epicardial fat can directly impact the heart and coronary arteries by secreting proinflammatory cytokines via vasocrine or paracrine mechanisms. It is still not apparent what factors affect this equilibrium. Returning epicardial fat to its physiological purpose may be possible by enhanced local vascularization, weight loss, and focused pharmacological therapies. This review centers on EAT's developing physiological and pathophysiological dimensions and its various and pioneering clinical utilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Rama Jayaraj
- Jindal Institute of Behavioral Sciences (JIBS), Jindal Global Institution of Eminence Deemed to Be University, 28, Sonipat 131001, India; Director of Clinical Sciences, Northern Territory Institute of Research and Training, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
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Cardioprotective effect of Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa in isoproterenol induced cardiotoxicity in male Sprague Dawley rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2022; 21:1261-1270. [PMID: 36404861 PMCID: PMC9672163 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-022-01012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ayurvedic system, a traditional medicinal system has mentioned a preparation Bruhat Vata Chintamani Rasa (Suvarnayukta) for management of heart diseases. Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa (HCR) is a formulation containing Bruhat Vata Chintamani Rasa and a few additional ingredients having beneficial effects in heart diseases. The present study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective activity of the Hrudroga Chintamani Rasa in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with HCR at a dose of 56.16 and 112.32 mg/kg for 30 days. Animals received ISO (85 mg/kg. s.c.) on 28th and 29th day at an interval of 24 h. Result Disease control animals treated with HCR at a dose of 56.16 mg/kg and 112.32 mg/kg to rats showed a significant reduction in elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB), and prevented loss of depleted antioxidant enzymes from the cardiac tissue. ISO-altered electrocardiogram pattern and haemodynamic parameters were also brought about to normal by treatment with HCR. HCR treatment also improved the levels of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) which have potent role in antioxidant defence mechanism. Histopathological findings also showed HCR treatment prevented cardiac tissue from damage. Conclusion HCR treatment showed a significant cardioprotective effect in ISO-induced cardiotoxicity in rats probably because of the potent antioxidant activity. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-022-01012-4.
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Dugbartey GJ, Wonje QL, Alornyo KK, Adams I, Diaba DE. Alpha-lipoic acid treatment improves adverse cardiac remodelling in the diabetic heart - The role of cardiac hydrogen sulfide-synthesizing enzymes. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115179. [PMID: 35853498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a licensed drug for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. We recently reported that it also improves diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study, we present evidence supporting our hypothesis that the cardioprotective effect of ALA is via upregulation of cardiac hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-synthesizing enzymes. METHODS Following 12 h of overnight fasting, T2DM was induced in 23 out of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal administration of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) while the rest served as healthy control (HC). T2DM rats then received either oral administration of ALA (60 mg/kg/day; n = 7) or 40 mg/kg/day DL-propargylglycine (PAG, an endogenous H2S inhibitor; n = 7) intraperitoneally for 6 weeks after which all rats were sacrificed and samples collected for analysis. Untreated T2DM rats served as diabetic control (DCM; n = 9). RESULTS T2DM resulted in weight loss, islet destruction, reduced pancreatic β-cell function and hyperglycemia. Histologically, DCM rats showed significant myocardial damage evidenced by myocardial degeneration, cardiomyocyte vacuolation and apoptosis, cardiac fibrosis and inflammation, which positively correlated with elevated levels of cardiac damage markers compared to HC rats (p < 0.001). These pathological alterations worsened significantly in PAG-treated rats (p < 0.05). However, ALA treatment restored normoinsulemia, normoglycemia, prevented DCM, and improved lipid and antioxidant status. Mechanistically, ALA significantly upregulated the expression of cardiac H2S-synthesizing enzymes and increased plasma H2S concentration compared to DCM rats (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION ALA preserves myocardial integrity in T2DM likely by maintaining the expression of cardiac H2S-synthezing enzymes and increasing plasma H2S level.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Dugbartey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Quinsker L Wonje
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Karl K Alornyo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ismaila Adams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Deborah E Diaba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Yarmohammadi F, Hayes AW, Karimi G. Targeting PPARs Signaling Pathways in Cardiotoxicity by Natural Compounds. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2022; 22:281-291. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-021-09715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear hormone receptor family. They are ligand-activated transcription factors and exist in three different isoforms, PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). PPARs regulate a variety of functions, including glucose and lipid homeostasis, inflammation, and development. They exhibit tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns and functions. Besides the established notion of the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists for the treatment of glucose and lipid disorders, more recent data propose specific PPAR ligands as potential therapies for cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the knowledge of PPAR function in myocardial infarction, a severe pathological condition for which therapeutic use of PPAR modulation has been suggested.
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Omar AM, Meleis AE, Arfa SA, Zahran NM, Mehanna RA. Comparative Study of the Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow on Acute Myocardial Infarction Model. Oman Med J 2019; 34:534-543. [PMID: 31745418 PMCID: PMC6851069 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2019.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stem cell therapy is a promising approach in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue (AT-MSC) are attractive and feasible for preclinical and clinical trials. In this study, we compared the therapeutic potential of BM-MSC and AT-MSC in repairing the hearts of rats with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced AMI. METHODS Forty-two female rats were assigned into two groups; the optimization and the experimental group. The optimization groups were further subdivided into control group and the AMI induced group (using ISO). The experimental group was subdivided into AMI+cell-free media injected in the tail vein, AMI+BM-MSC, and AMI+AT-MSC groups treated with the intravenous injection of their respective cell types. Twenty-eight days after induction, electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed, and heart tissue samples were collected for histological assessment and cells tracing. RESULTS MSC therapy repaired cardiac functions shown by the restoration of ST segment, QT and QRS intervals in the ECG when compared to the AMI group. Infarct area was significantly decreased, and cardiac tissue regeneration signs were shown on histopathological examination. CONCLUSIONS Both MSC sources proved to be equally efficient in the assessed parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Omar
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Anisa E Meleis
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Samia A Arfa
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Noha M Zahran
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Radwa A Mehanna
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Khan V, Sharma S, Bhandari U, Sharma N, Rishi V, Haque SE. Suppression of isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats by raspberry ketone via activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:157-166. [PMID: 30431010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) controls the lipid and glucose metabolism and also affects inflammation, cell proliferation and apoptosis during cardiovascular disease. Raspberry ketone (RK) is a red raspberry (Rubusidaeus, Family-Rosaceae) plant constituent, which activates PPAR-α. This study was conducted to assess the cardioprotective action of RK against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiotoxicity. Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (six rats/group). Rats were orally administered with RK (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively) and fenofibrate (standard, 80 mg/kg) for 28 days and ISO was administered (85 mg/kg, subcutaneously) on 27th and 28th day. Administration of ISO in rats significantly altered hemodynamic and electrocardiogram patterns, total antioxidant capacity, PPAR-α, and apolipoprotein C-III levels. These myocardial aberrations were further confirmed during infarct size, heart weight to body weight ratio and immunohistochemical assessments (caspase-3 and nuclear factor-κB). RK pretreatment (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly protected rats against oxidative stress, inflammation, and dyslipidemia caused by ISO as demonstrated by change in hemodynamic, biochemical and histological parameters. The results so obtained were quite comparable with fenofibrate. Moreover, RK was found to have binding affinity with PPAR-α, as confirmed by docking analysis. PPAR-α expression and concentration was also found increased in presence of RK which gave impression that RK probably showed cardioprotection via PPAR-α activation, however direct binding study of RK with PPAR-α is needed to confirm this assumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasim Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Uma Bhandari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Nishtha Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vikas Rishi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Paricalcitol Attenuates Cardiac Fibrosis and Expression of Endothelial Cell Transition Markers in Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiomyopathic Rats. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:e866-74. [PMID: 27065465 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute cardiomyopathy is a health problem worldwide. Few studies have shown an association between acute cardiomyopathy and low vitamin D status. Paricalcitol, a vitamin D receptor activator, clinically benefits patients with advanced kidney disease. The effect of paricalcitol supplement on cardiac remodeling in cardiomyopathic rats is unknown. This experimental study investigated the effect of paricalcitol in rats with cardiomyopathy induced by isoproterenol. DESIGN Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study. SETTING Hospital-affiliated animal research institution. SUBJECTS Eight-week-old male Wistar-Kyoto rats. INTERVENTIONS Male Wistar-Kyoto rats were first injected intraperitoneally with isoproterenol to create a rat model of acute cardiomyopathy. Then paricalcitol was administered intraperitoneally to isoproterenol-injected rats at a dosage of 200 ng three times a week for 3 weeks. Relevant cardiomyopathy-related variables were measured regularly in three groups of rats, controls, isoproterenol, and isoproterenol plus paricalcitol. Rat hearts were obtained for evaluation of cardiac fibrosis using Masson trichrome staining and commercially available software, and evaluation of cell transition using immunofluorescence staining analysis. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Isoproterenol infusions generated significant cardiac fibrosis (p < 0.001). Subsequent paricalcitol treatment attenuated the isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis (p = 0.006). Fluorescence showed colocalization of endothelial and fibroblast cell markers (cluster differentiation 31 and α-smooth muscle actin, respectively) in the isoproterenol-treated hearts. Paricalcitol injections attenuated the isoproterenol-induced fluorescence intensity of two cell markers (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Paricalcitol injections may ameliorate isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis possibly through regulating cell transition.
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Chang WT, Cheng JT, Chen ZC. Telmisartan improves cardiac fibrosis in diabetes through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor δ (PPARδ): from bedside to bench. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:113. [PMID: 27519769 PMCID: PMC4983091 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0430-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the known risk of diabetes-induced cardiac fibrosis, less is known about whether diabetes causes an altered cardiac phenotype independent of coronary atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ), a versatile regulator of metabolic homeostasis, may be a potential therapeutic target. Herein we investigated the effectiveness of telmisartan, a unique angiotensin receptor blocker that increases PPARδ expression, in improving left ventricular remodeling in diabetic humans and rats. METHODS In this longitudinal, prospective study, we enrolled 15 diabetic patients receiving telmisartan (20 mg/day) for 12 weeks. After treatment, strain was measured and compared with the baseline value. Using streptozotocin to induce type 1 diabetes rat model, we measured PPARδ expression and downstream targets. RESULTS After treatment with telmisartan, both longitudinal and circumferential strains improved in diabetic patients. Compared with that of controls, the diabetic rat heart developed significant fibrosis, which markedly decreased after treatment with telmisartan (30 mg/kg/day, orally) for 7 days. After incubation with 30 mM glucose, rat cardiomyocytes showed a significant down-regulation of PPARδ. Interestingly, the increased expression of fibrosis-associated proteins, including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was attenuated by the co-incubation of GW0742, a PPARδ agonist. By knockdown or inhibition of STAT3, the hyperglycemia related high expression of fibrosis associated targets was reversed. Independent from the hyperglycemic incubation, STAT3 over-expression led to similar results. Conversely, in the presence of GSK0660, a PPARδ inhibitor, the protective effects of telmisartan were diminished. CONCLUSION Telmisartan improved the hyperglycemia-induced cardiac fibrosis through the PPARδ/STAT3 pathway. Graphical abstract Summary of the mechanism of telmisartan's effect on the suppression of hyperglycemia-induced cardiac fibrosis through PPARδ instead of the AMPK pathway. PPARδ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ, STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, CTGF connective tissue growth factor, MMP9 matrix metallopeptidase 9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Chang
- Department of Cardiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901, Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Juei-Tang Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zhih-Cherng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, 901, Zhonghua Road, Yongkang District, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Michel MC, Brunner HR, Foster C, Huo Y. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists in animal models of vascular, cardiac, metabolic and renal disease. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 164:1-81. [PMID: 27130806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) in various animal models of hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiac function, hypertrophy and fibrosis, glucose and lipid metabolism, and renal function and morphology. Those of azilsartan and telmisartan have been included comprehensively whereas those of other ARBs have been included systematically but without intention of completeness. ARBs as a class lower blood pressure in established hypertension and prevent hypertension development in all applicable animal models except those with a markedly suppressed renin-angiotensin system; blood pressure lowering even persists for a considerable time after discontinuation of treatment. This translates into a reduced mortality, particularly in models exhibiting marked hypertension. The retrieved data on vascular, cardiac and renal function and morphology as well as on glucose and lipid metabolism are discussed to address three main questions: 1. Can ARB effects on blood vessels, heart, kidney and metabolic function be explained by blood pressure lowering alone or are they additionally directly related to blockade of the renin-angiotensin system? 2. Are they shared by other inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system, e.g. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors? 3. Are some effects specific for one or more compounds within the ARB class? Taken together these data profile ARBs as a drug class with unique properties that have beneficial effects far beyond those on blood pressure reduction and, in some cases distinct from those of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The clinical relevance of angiotensin receptor-independent effects of some ARBs remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Michel
- Dept. Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Dept. Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany.
| | | | - Carolyn Foster
- Retiree from Dept. of Research Networking, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Yong Huo
- Dept. Cardiology & Heart Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, PR China
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Panda V, Laddha A, Nandave M, Srinath S. Dietary Phenolic Acids ofMacrotyloma uniflorum(Horse Gram) Protect the Rat Heart Against Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Infarction. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1146-55. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Panda
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy; Jote Joy Building, Rambhau Salgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Ankit Laddha
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Prin. K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy; Jote Joy Building, Rambhau Salgaonkar Marg, Cuffe Parade, Colaba Mumbai 400005 India
| | - Mukesh Nandave
- Department of Pharmacology; SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS; Vile Parle (W) Mumbai 400056 India
| | - Sudhamani Srinath
- Department of Pathology; Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College; Navi Mumbai India
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Borba PAA, Pinotti M, Andrade GRS, da Costa NB, Olchanheski LR, Fernandes D, de Campos CEM, Stulzer HK. The effect of mechanical grinding on the formation, crystalline changes and dissolution behaviour of the inclusion complex of telmisartan and β-cyclodextrins. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:373-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yadav CH, Najmi AK, Akhtar M, Khanam R. Cardioprotective role of H3R agonist imetit on isoproterenol-induced hemodynamic changes and oxidative stress in rats. Toxicol Mech Methods 2015; 25:235-40. [DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2014.997946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Short-term use of telmisartan attenuates oxidation and improves Prdx2 expression more than antioxidant β-blockers in the cardiovascular systems of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2014; 38:106-15. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Agrawal YO, Sharma PK, Shrivastava B, Arya DS, Goyal SN. Hesperidin blunts streptozotocin-isoproternol induced myocardial toxicity in rats by altering of PPAR-γ receptor. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 219:211-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Sattur S, Brener SJ, Stone GW. Pharmacologic Therapy for Reducing Myocardial Infarct Size in Clinical Trials. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 20:21-35. [DOI: 10.1177/1074248414540799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, early, successful, and durable reperfusion therapy optimizes the likelihood of favorable outcomes. Fibrinolysis and primary percutaneous coronary intervention improve survival compared to no reperfusion therapy in large part by reducing infarct size (IS) and preserving left ventricular ejection fraction. There is direct correlation between IS and clinical outcomes. In this article, we will review some of the more promising pharmacological agents geared toward reduction in IS, discuss the major pathways that can lead to this desirable outcome, and evaluate the results of clinical trials performed with these and other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregg W. Stone
- Columbia University Medical Center and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA
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Garg M, Khanna D. Exploration of pharmacological interventions to prevent isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in experimental models. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 8:155-169. [PMID: 24817146 DOI: 10.1177/1753944714531638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
High incidences of myocardial infarction associated with high morbidity and mortality, are a major concern and economic burden on industrialized nations. Persistent β-adrenergic receptor stimulation with isoproterenol leads to the development of oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation, thrombosis, platelet aggregation and calcium overload, which ultimately cause myocardial infarction. Therapeutic agents that are presently employed for the prevention and management of myocardial infarction are beta-blockers, antithrombotics, thrombolytics, statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers and nitrovasodilators. In spite of effective available interventions, the mortality rate of myocardial infarction is progressively increasing. Thus, there has been a regular need to develop effective therapies for the prevention and management of this insidious disease. In this review, the authors give an overview of the consequences of isoproterenol in the pathogenesis of cardiac disorders and various therapeutic possibilities to prevent these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Garg
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division Department of Pharmacology Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences India
| | - Deepa Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division, Institute of Pharmacy, Rajendra Institute of Technology and Sciences [RITS], Sirsa-125 055, India
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Telmisartan inhibits vascular dysfunction and inflammation via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in subtotal nephrectomized rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 685:91-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rinaldi B, Di Filippo C, Capuano A, Donniacuo M, Sodano L, Ferraraccio F, Rossi F, D'Amico M. Adiponectin elevation by telmisartan ameliorates ischaemic myocardium in Zucker diabetic fatty rats with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14:320-8. [PMID: 22050607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2011.01527.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated whether telmisartan, a selective angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor antagonist and gamma peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-γ) partial agonist, reduces myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. METHODS Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats were treated for 3 weeks with telmisartan at doses of 2, 7 and 12 mg/kg/day. After treatment, rats were subjected to a 25-min occlusion of the left descending coronary artery followed by 2-h reperfusion (I/R). RESULTS Telmisartan reduced the extension of the infarct size in a dose-dependent fashion and decreased the levels of plasma troponin I, a specific marker of myocardial damage. Telmisartan also caused a dose-dependent increase in adiponectin both in plasma and cardiac tissue of infarcted ZDF rats. These levels were minimally increased (p < 0.05 vs. vehicle) by telmisartan 7 mg/kg/day and reached the maximum values with the highest dose of 12 mg/kg/day (p < 0.01 vs. vehicle). In contrast, within the infarcted tissue telmisartan decreased the expression of markers of inflammation such as the transcription factor NF-κB, the toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 as well as TNF-α cytokine. Nitrosative stress was maximal in vehicle-treated infarcted hearts as evidenced by increased expression of iNOS, which was almost abolished after treatement with telmisartan. CONCLUSIONS Treatment of ZDF rats for 3 weeks with telmisartan, a dual angiotensin II receptor antagonist and partial PPAR-γ receptor agonist, resulted in a significant reduction of myocardial damage induced by I/R and was associated with increased adiponectin and a decrease in inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rinaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology L. Donatelli, Second University of Naples, Via Costantinopoli 16, Naples, Italy
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Valsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, attenuates cardiac dysfunction and oxidative stress in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 11:148-56. [PMID: 21380857 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-011-9108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Valsartan has significant blood pressure lowering effect via modulating renin-angiotensin system although its mechanism of action in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial injury is largely unknown. We therefore evaluated the effect of valsartan in ISO-induced oxidative stress and cardiotoxicity during β-adrenergic receptor stimulation in rats. ISO (85 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered on thirteenth and fourteenth day for induction of cardiotoxicity. ISO-treated rats showed significant decrease (P < 0.01) in mean arterial pressure (70.2 ± 9.11 vs. 104.86 ± 8.93), maximal positive (1601.3 ± 338.87 vs. 2789.16 ± 301.76), and negative (1495.76 ± 151.78 vs. 2039.6 ± 279.1) rate of developed left ventricular pressure and increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (5.81 ± 0.51 vs. 2.37 ± 0.43) as compared to the sham group. Similarly, significant reduction in CK-MB (91.42 ± 5.88 vs. 142.63 ± 6.9), LDH (50.52 ± 5.18 vs. 73.28 ± 4.29) levels, and anti-oxidant enzymes activities were observed. Valsartan (15, 30, and 60 mg/kg/day, p.o.) pretreatment for 14 days favorably modulated these altered parameters. However, valsartan (60 mg/kg) only showed significant improvement (P < 0.01) in cardiac dysfunction, myocardial injury markers, and anti-oxidant status of myocardium in ISO-induced cardiotoxicity. Histopathology and ultrastructural studies further validated the protective effect of valsartan (60 mg/kg). Altogether, these results suggest that cardioprotective effect of valsartan is mediated through augmenting endogenous anti-oxidant defense system, preserving hemodynamic function and structural integrity of myocardium.
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Zhou R, He LF, Li YJ, Shen Y, Chao RB, Du JR. Cardioprotective effect of water and ethanol extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza in an experimental model of myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:440-446. [PMID: 22138518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza has long been used in the traditional Chinese formulations for the treatment of heart ischemic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the cardioprotective effect of purified Salvia miltiorrhiza extract (SME) in an experimental model of acute myocardial infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Following induction of acute myocardial infarction in rats by adminstration of isoproterenol, hemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters were monitored and recorded continuously, cardiac enzymes and parameters of oxidative stress were measured, and histopathological examination of heart tissue was performed. Experiments were performed in rats treated with SME or vehicle, as well as in those treated with Fufang Danshen Tablet (FDT) as a positive control which has previously been shown to prevent myocardial ischemia. RESULTS Isoproterenol-treated rats showed reductions in left ventricular systolic pressure as well as in maximum and minimum rate of developed left ventricular pressure, together with an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. They also demonstrated ST-segment elevation, together with increases in serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde, as well as decreases in serum activities of glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Oral administration of SME (29.76 or 59.52 mg/kg) blunted all of the hemodynamic and biochemical changes induced by isoproterenol, as did FDT (1210 mg/kg). The protective effect of SME on isoproterenol-induced myocardial damage was further confirmed by histopathological examination. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that SME affords protection against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Telmisartan attenuates isoproterenol-induced cardiac remodeling in rats via regulation of cardiac adiponectin expression. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:449-55. [PMID: 21399654 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether telmisartan (Telm) pretreatment attenuates isoproterenol (Iso)-induced postinfarction remodeling (PIR) in rats, and whether the effect of Telm is associated with cardiac expression of adiponectin. METHODS PIR was induced in male Wistar rats with two consecutive injections of Iso (80 mg/kg, sc) at an interval of 24 h. Primary culture of ventricular myocytes from neonatal rats was prepared. Iso-induced cardiomyocyte injury was assessed based on cell growth and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Cardiac adiponectin expression was measured using qRT-PCR and immunoblot analysis. RESULTS In the rats with PIR, Telm (10 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), po for 65 d) suppressed Iso-induced increases in gravimetric parameters, cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen volume fraction, but had no effect on Iso-induced myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. The protective effect of Telm was associated with enhanced protein expression of cardiac adiponectin. In cultured cardiomyocytes, Telm (5-20 μmol/L) inhibited the cell death and LDH release induced by Iso (10 μmol/L), and reversed Iso-induced reduction in adiponectin protein expression. In cardiomyocytes exposed to Iso (20 μmol/L), GW9662 (30 μmol/L), a selective antagonist of PPAR-γ, blocked the effects of Telm pretreatment on adiponectin protein expression, as well as the protective effects of Telm on Iso-induced cell injury. CONCLUSION Telm attenuates Iso-induced cardiac remodeling and cell injury, which is associated with induction of cardiac adiponectin expression.
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