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Xu J, Wu H, Sun J, Gong Z, Lu X, Yang E, Chen Z, Huang S, Nong X, Zhang D. The anti-tumor effect of proteasome inhibitor MG132 for human adenoid cystic carcinoma: correlate with the emerging role of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Head Face Med 2022; 18:15. [PMID: 35524269 PMCID: PMC9074179 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors. Moreover, the unique biological characteristics and complex structures of ACC contribute to its poor survival rates. Recently, proteasome inhibitors have been shown to elicit satisfactory therapeutic effects in the treatment of certain solid tumors, but few studies have been implemented to investigate the effects of proteasome inhibitor therapy for ACC. METHODS In this present study, cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometry assay were performed to examine the effects of proteasome inhibitor (MG132) on cell viability and apoptosis. We applied western blot and immunofluorescence staining to explore the expression of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway and P62, additionally Nrf2 inhibitor (ML385) was utilized to evaluate the role of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in MG132-induced cell apoptosis. RESULTS Our data indicated that MG132 significantly suppressed the growth of ACC-83 cells(MG132 10µM P = 0.0046; 40µM P = 0.0033; 70µM P = 0.0007 versus control) and induced apoptosis (MG132 10µM P = 0.0458; 40µM P = 0.0018; 70µM P = 0.0087 versus control). The application of MG132 induced the up-regulation of Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of Nrf2 attenuated the therapeutic effects of MG132 for ACC (both ML385 + MG132 10µM P = 0.0013; 40µM P = 0.0057; 70µM P = 0.0003 versus MG132). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed that proteasome inhibitors MG132 could inhibit the cell viability and induce the apoptosis of ACC through Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhi Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 530000, Nanning, China
| | - Haiwei Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Jiatong Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoya Lu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Enli Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwei Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China
| | - Shengyun Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 530000, Nanning, China.
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 250021, Jinan, China.
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Zhu M, Wang H, Ding Y, Yang Y, Xu Z, Shi L, Zhang N. Ribonucleotide reductase holoenzyme inhibitor COH29 interacts with deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 2 and downregulates its substrate protein cyclin D1. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22329. [PMID: 35476303 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101914rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
USP2 contributes to the quality control of multiple oncogenic proteins including cyclin D1, Mdm2, Aurora-A, etc., and it is a potential target for anti-cancer drug development. However, currently only a few inhibitors with moderate inhibition activities against USP2 have been discovered. USP2-targeted active compounds with either new scaffolds or enhanced activities are in need. Here in this study, Ub-AMC hydrolysis assay-based screening against ~4000 commercially available drugs and drug candidates was performed to identify USP2-targeted inhibitors. COH29, which was originally developed as an anti-cancer agent by blocking the function of human ribonucleotide reductase (RNR, IC50 = 16 µM), was found to exhibit an inhibition activity against USP2 with the IC50 value at 2.02 ± 0.16 µM. The following conducted biophysical and biochemical experiments demonstrated that COH29 could specifically interact with USP2 and inhibit its enzymatic activity in a noncompetitive inhibition mode (Ki = 1.73 ± 0.14 µM). Since COH29 shows similar inhibitory potencies against RNR (RRM2) and USP2, USP2 inhibition-dependent cellular consequences of COH29 are expected. The results of cellular assays confirmed that the application of COH29 could downregulate the level of cyclin D1 by enhancing its degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the modulation effect of COH29 on cyclin D1 is independent of RRM2. Since cyclin D1 acts as an oncogenic driver in human cancer, our findings suggest that USP2 might be a promising therapeutic target for cyclin D1-addicted cancers, and COH29 could serve as a starting compound for high selectivity inhibitor development against USP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Zhu
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiluan Ding
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Shi
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Naixia Zhang
- Analytical Research Center for Organic and Biological Molecules, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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3
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Shi C, Zhang H, Wang P, Wang K, Xu D, Wang H, Yin L, Zhang S, Zhang Y. PROTAC induced-BET protein degradation exhibits potent anti-osteosarcoma activity by triggering apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:815. [PMID: 31653826 PMCID: PMC6814818 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeting oncogenic proteins for degradation using proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) recently has drawn increasing attention in the field of cancer research. Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family proteins are newly identified cancer-related epigenetic regulators, which have a role in the pathogenesis and progression of osteosarcoma. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-osteosarcoma activity by targeting BET with a PROTAC molecule BETd-260. The results showed that BETd-260 completely depletes BET proteins and potently suppresses cell viability in MNNG/HOS, Saos-2, MG-63, and SJSA-1 osteosarcoma cell lines. Compared with BET inhibitors HJB-97 and JQ1, the activity of BETd-260 increased over 1000 times. Moreover, BETd-260 substantially inhibited the expression of anti-apoptotic Mcl-1, Bcl-xl while increased the expression of pro-apoptotic Noxa, which resulted in massive apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells within hours. In addition, pro-oncogenic protein c-Myc also was substantially inhibited by BETd-260 in the OS cells. Of note, BETd-260 induced degradation of BET proteins, triggered apoptosis in xenograft osteosarcoma tumor tissue, and profoundly inhibited the growth of cell-derived and patient-derived osteosarcoma xenografts in mice. Our findings indicate that BET PROTACs represent a promising therapeutic agent for human osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huapeng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Penglei Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Denghui Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Open and Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Digestive Organ Transplantation at Henan Universities, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases and Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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4
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Xia Y, Chang X, Lian S, Zhu W. WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 depletion evokes antitumor effect in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:2898-2912. [PMID: 29888632 PMCID: PMC6124284 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518778905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) has been implicated in tumor progression. We aimed to investigate the role of WWP1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Methods WWP1 gene and protein levels were detected using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The effects of WWP1 on cell cycle, apoptosis, cell migration and invasion were examined by flow cytometry, wound healing and Transwell assays, respectively. The antitumor efficacy of WWP1 small interfering RNA was determined in CSCC tumor xenografts in mice. Results WWP1 expression was significantly higher in CSCC tissues and cells than in normal skin and cells, respectively. WWP1 expression was significantly associated with histological grade, invasion depth and lymph node metastasis in patients with CSCC. High expression predicted metastatic potential and an unfavorable prognosis. WWP1 downregulation suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, reduced cell migration and invasion, arrested the cell cycle in G0/G1 and induced apoptosis in A431 cells. WWP1 depletion also decreased phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), matrix metalloproteinase-2, cyclin D1 and Bcl-2, but did not affect total STAT3. Conclusions WWP1 is a potential target for the diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of patients with CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Xia
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Chang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Shi Lian
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, P.R. China
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5
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Li Y, Wang F, Yang F, Xu W. Synthesis and Radioprotective Activity of Mitochondria Targeted Dihydropyridines In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112233. [PMID: 29068391 PMCID: PMC5713203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation-induced damage to mitochondrial oxidative respiratory chain could lead to generating of superoxide anions (O2−) and secondary reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are the major resources of continuous ROS production after radiation. Scavenging radiation-induced ROS effectively can help mitochondria to maintain their physiological function and relief cells from oxidative stress. Dihydropyridines (DHPs) are biomimetic hydrogen sources that could protect cells against radiation damage. In this study, we designed and synthetized three novel mitochondrial-targeted dihydropyridines (Mito-DHPs) that utilize the mitochondrial membrane potential to enter the organelle and scavenge ROS. MitoTracker confirmed Mito-DHPs accumulation in mitochondria, and the DCFH-DA assay demonstrated effective ROS scavenging activity. In addition, the γ-H2AX and comet assay demonstrated the ability of Mito-DHPs to protect against both radiation and ROS-induced DNA strand breaks. Furthermore, Mito-DHP1 proved to be non-toxic and displayed significant radioprotection activity (p < 0.05) in vitro. Mito-DHPs are therefore promising antioxidants that could penetrate the membrane of mitochondria, scavenge excessive ROS, and protect cells against radiation-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Junying Wang
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Tianjin Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Statistics, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222, China.
| | - Fujun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Wenqing Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300192, China.
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6
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Kulinski M, Achkar IW, Haris M, Dermime S, Mohammad RM, Uddin S. Dysregulated expression of SKP2 and its role in hematological malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1051-1063. [PMID: 28797197 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1359740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is a well-studied F-box protein and a critical part of the Skp1-Cul1-Fbox (SCF) E3 ligase complex. It controls cell cycle by regulating the expression level of p27 and p21 through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. SKP2-mediated loss of p27Kip1 is associated with poor clinical outcome in various types of cancers including hematological malignancies. It is however well established that SKP2 is an oncogene, and its targeting may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for the management of hematological malignancies. In this article, we have highlighted the recent findings from our group and other investigators regarding the role of SKP2 in the pathogenesis of hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kulinski
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Iman W Achkar
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Mohammad Haris
- b Translational Medicine Research Branch , Sidra Medical and Research Center , Doha , Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- c National Center for Cancer Care and Research , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- a Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System , Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
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7
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Li JJ, Zhang JF, Yao SM, Huang H, Zhang S, Zhao M, Huang JA. Decreased expression of speckle-type POZ protein for the prediction of poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2743-2748. [PMID: 28927035 PMCID: PMC5588111 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Speckle-type POZ domain protein (SPOP) has been acknowledged as a tumor suppressor gene in numerous types of cancer. However, SPOP expression and its prognostic role in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. The present study investigated SPOP expression in NSCLC and evaluated its prognostic significance in patients with NSCLC. The results demonstrated that SPOP expression was significantly downregulated in NSCLC tissues at the mRNA and protein level compared with normal lung tissues using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining results also demonstrated that SPOP was expressed at a low level in 84.1% (132/157) of NSCLC samples and at a high level in 52.2% (12/23) of normal lung samples, whereby the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, it was revealed that the level of SPOP was associated with histologic type (P=0.003), tumor differentiation (P=0.046), tumor size (P=0.0036), lymph node metastasis (P=0.041) and clinical stages (P=0.046). Furthermore, the overall survival of patients with high SPOP expression was significantly increased compared with that of patients with low SPOP expression (P=0.003). These results revealed that SPOP expression was downregulated in NSCLC tissues and associated with poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC, suggesting that SPOP is an independent prognostic marker candidate for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Su-Mei Yao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Minxing Zhao
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-An Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
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8
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Dos Santos Passos C, Simões-Pires CA, Carrupt PA, Nurisso A. Molecular dynamics of zinc-finger ubiquitin binding domains: a comparative study of histone deacetylase 6 and ubiquitin-specific protease 5. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:2581-2598. [PMID: 26619262 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HDAC6 is a unique cytoplasmic histone deacetylase characterized by two deacetylase domains, and by a zinc-finger ubiquitin binding domain (ZnF-UBP) able to recognize ubiquitin (Ub). The latter has recently been demonstrated to be involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and in mediating infection by the influenza A virus. Nowadays, understanding the dynamic and energetic features of HDAC6 ZnF-UBP-Ub recognition is considered as a crucial step for the conception of HDAC6 potential modulators. In this study, the atomic, solvent-related, and thermodynamic features behind HDAC6 ZnF-UBP-Ub recognition have been analyzed through molecular dynamics simulations. The behavior was then compared to the prototypical ZnF-UBP from ubiquitin-specific protease 5 (USP5) in order to spot relevant differences useful for selective drug design. Principal component analysis highlighted flapping motions of the L2A loop which were lowered down upon Ub binding in both systems. While polar and nonpolar interactions involving Ub G75 and G76 residues were also common features stabilizing both complexes, salt bridges showed a different pattern, more significant in HDAC6 ZnF-UBP-Ub, whose energetic contribution in USP5 ZnF-UBP-Ub was compensated by the presence of a more stable bridging water molecule. Whereas molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) free energies of binding were comparable for both systems, in agreement with experiments, computational alanine scanning and free energy decomposition data revealed that HDAC6 E1141 and D1178 are potential hotspots for the design of selective HDAC6 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Dos Santos Passos
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 , Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Claudia A Simões-Pires
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 , Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 , Geneva 4 , Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Nurisso
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne , 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 , Geneva 4 , Switzerland
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9
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Ande SR, Padilla-Meier GP, Mishra S. Assessment of posttranslational modification of mitochondrial proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1264:331-41. [PMID: 25631026 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2257-4_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play vital roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They are a storehouse of cellular energy and antioxidative enzymes. Because of its immense role and function in the development of an organism, this organelle is required for the survival. Defects in mitochondrial proteins lead to complex mitochondrial disorders and heterogeneous diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. It is widely known in the literature that some of the mitochondrial proteins are regulated by posttranslational modifications. Hence, designing methods to assess these modifications in mitochondria will be an important way to study the regulatory roles of mitochondrial proteins in greater detail. In this chapter, we outlined procedures to isolate mitochondria from cells and separate the mitochondrial proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and identify the different posttranslational modifications in them by using antibodies specific to each posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudharsana R Ande
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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10
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Zhang XF, Pan QZ, Pan K, Weng DS, Wang QJ, Zhao JJ, He J, Liu Q, Wang DD, Jiang SS, Zheng HX, Lv L, Chen CL, Zhang HX, Xia JC. Expression and prognostic role of ubiquitination factor E4B in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:64-76. [PMID: 25557723 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination factor E4B (UBE4B) has been speculated to have contradictory functions upon tumorigenesis as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in different types of cancers. We investigated the expression and prognostic role of UBE4B in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using cell lines and 149 archived HCC samples. Correlation between the functions of UBE4B in HCC was also explored. We used human HCC cell lines (HepG2, Hep3B, SK-Hep1, Huh7, SMMC-7721, BEL-7402) and a normal hepatocyte cell line (LO2) along with HCC samples from patients who had undergone resection for HCC previously at our hospital. A battery of methods (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Western blotting; immunohistochjemical analyses; cell proliferation and colony formation assays; cell migration and cell invasion assays) were employed to assess various aspects of UBE4B.We found that UBE4B expression was upregulated aberrantly at mRNA and protein levels in human primary HCC tissues. Amplified expression of UBE4B was highly correlated with poor outcome. Silencing of UBE4B expression by siRNA inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro, and resulted in significant apoptosis that was associated with downregulation of expression of Bcl-2 and upregulation of expression of total p53, p-p53, Bax and Cleaved-Caspase3 in HCC cells. Our findings suggested that UBE4B might have an oncogenic role in human primary HCC, and that it could be used as a prognostic marker (as well as a potential molecular target) for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Xia Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Xia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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11
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Ding D, Song T, Jun W, Tan Z, Fang J. Decreased expression of the SPOP gene is associated with poor prognosis in glioma. Int J Oncol 2014; 46:333-41. [PMID: 25351530 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study suggests that speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) may be a tumor suppressor gene and its prognostic value in human glioma. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT‑PCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine SPOP expression in glioma tissues and normal brain (NB) tissues. The relationships between the SPOP expression levels, the clinicopathological factors, and patient survival were investigated. The molecular mechanisms of SPOP expression and its effects on cell viability, migration and invasion were also explored by MTT assay, wound-healing assays and Transwell assay. SPOP mRNA and protein levels were downregulated in glioma tissues compared to NB. Immunohistochemical staining results showed low expression in 62.2% (61/98) of glioma samples, while high expression in 75% (9/12) of NB samples, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.014). In addition, decreased SPOP was associated disease progression in glioma samples, the expression level of SPOP was positively correlated with mean tumor diameter (MTD) (P=0.021) and the status of tumor grade and histological type (WHO I, II, III and IV) (P=0.032) in glioma patients. Additionally, the overall survival of patients with low SPOP expression was significantly worse than that of SPOP-high patients (P=0.001). In vitro overexpression of SPOP markedly inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion in vitro. These findings suggest that SPOP has potential use as novel biomarker of glioma and may serve as an independent predictive factor for prognosis of glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dacheng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Wu Jun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zeming Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Jiasheng Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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12
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Ganoth A, Tsfadia Y, Wiener R. Ubiquitin: Molecular modeling and simulations. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 46:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Lee YM, Wang YT, Duh Y, Yuan HS, Lim C. Identification of Labile Zn Sites in Drug-Target Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14028-31. [DOI: 10.1021/ja406300c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Carmay Lim
- Department of
Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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14
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Kim MS, Kim MS, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Somatic mutation ofSPOPtumor suppressor gene is rare in breast, lung, liver cancers, and acute leukemias. APMIS 2013; 122:164-6. [DOI: 10.1111/apm.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Kim
- Departments of Pathology; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Myung Shin Kim
- Laboratory Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Nam Jin Yoo
- Departments of Pathology; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Departments of Pathology; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
- Cancer Evolution Research Center; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
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15
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WWP1 E3 ligase targets LATS1 for ubiquitin-mediated degradation in breast cancer cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61027. [PMID: 23573293 PMCID: PMC3616014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Large Tumor Suppressor 1 (LATS1) is a serine/threonine kinase and tumor suppressor found down-regulated in various human cancers. LATS1 has recently been identified as a central player of the emerging Hippo signaling pathway, which plays important roles in organ size control, tumorigenesis, and stem cell differentiation and renewal, etc. Although mounting evidence supports a role of LATS1 in tumor suppression and tumorigenesis, how LATS1 is regulated at the molecular level is not fully understood. Recently several positive regulators of LATS1 (Mst1/2, MOB1, Kibra, etc) have been identified but how LATS1 is negatively regulated is still largely unknown. We have recently identified Itch, a member of the NEDD4-like family E3 ubiquitin ligases, as a novel negative regulator of LATS1. However, whether other ubiquitin ligases modulate LATS1 stability and function is unclear. By screening many E3 ligases of the NEDD4-like family using over-expression and short-interference RNA knockdown approaches, we have identified WWP1 E3 ligase as another novel negative regulator of LATS1. We have provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that WWP1 is essential for LATS1 stability and negatively regulate LATS1 by promoting LATS1 degradation through polyubiquitination and the 26S proteasome pathway. Importantly, we also showed that degradation of LATS1 is critical in mediating WWP1-induced increased cell proliferation in breast cancer cells. Since WWP1 is an oncogene and LATS1 is a tumor suppressor gene in breast cancer, our studies provide a promising therapeutic strategy in which developed drugs targeting WWP1 cause activation of LATS1 in suppressing breast cancer cell growth.
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16
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Involvement of protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system in opiate addictive behaviors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:596-604. [PMID: 23169349 PMCID: PMC3572456 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Plastic changes in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a structure occupying a key position in the neural circuitry related to motivation, are among the critical cellular processes responsible for drug addiction. During the last decade, it has been shown that memory formation and related neuronal plasticity may rely not only on protein synthesis but also on protein degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). In this study, we assess the role of protein degradation in the NAcc in opiate-related behaviors. For this purpose, we coupled behavioral experiments to intra-accumbens injections of lactacystin, an inhibitor of the UPS. We show that protein degradation in the NAcc is mandatory for a full range of animal models of opiate addiction including morphine locomotor sensitization, morphine conditioned place preference, intra-ventral tegmental area morphine self-administration and intra-venous heroin self-administration but not for discrimination learning rewarded by highly palatable food. This study provides the first evidence of a specific role of protein degradation by the UPS in addiction.
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17
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Simões-Pires C, Zwick V, Nurisso A, Schenker E, Carrupt PA, Cuendet M. HDAC6 as a target for neurodegenerative diseases: what makes it different from the other HDACs? Mol Neurodegener 2013; 8:7. [PMID: 23356410 PMCID: PMC3615964 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-8-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have been demonstrated to be beneficial in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Such results were mainly associated with the epigenetic modulation caused by HDACs, especially those from class I, via chromatin deacetylation. However, other mechanisms may contribute to the neuroprotective effect of HDAC inhibitors, since each HDAC may present distinct specific functions within the neurodegenerative cascades. Such an example is HDAC6 for which the role in neurodegeneration has been partially elucidated so far. The strategy to be adopted in promising therapeutics targeting HDAC6 is still controversial. Specific inhibitors exert neuroprotection by increasing the acetylation levels of α-tubulin with subsequent improvement of the axonal transport, which is usually impaired in neurodegenerative disorders. On the other hand, an induction of HDAC6 would theoretically contribute to the degradation of protein aggregates which characterize various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Hutington’s diseases. This review describes the specific role of HDAC6 compared to the other HDACs in the context of neurodegeneration, by collecting in silico, in vitro and in vivo results regarding the inhibition and/or knockdown of HDAC6 and other HDACs. Moreover, structure, function, subcellular localization, as well as the level of HDAC6 expression within brain regions are reviewed and compared to the other HDAC isoforms. In various neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms underlying HDAC6 interaction with other proteins seem to be a promising approach in understanding the modulation of HDAC6 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Simões-Pires
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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18
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Kuwana T, Miyazaki M, Kato H, Tsukamoto S. Himeic Acids E–G, New 4-Pyridone Derivatives from a Culture of Aspergillus sp. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2013; 61:105-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c12-00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mitsue Miyazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hikaru Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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19
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Nakamura Y, Kato H, Nishikawa T, Iwasaki N, Suwa Y, Rotinsulu H, Losung F, Maarisit W, Mangindaan REP, Morioka H, Yokosawa H, Tsukamoto S. Siladenoserinols A-L: new sulfonated serinol derivatives from a tunicate as inhibitors of p53-Hdm2 interaction. Org Lett 2012; 15:322-5. [PMID: 23268733 DOI: 10.1021/ol3032363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Siladenoserinols A-L were isolated from a tunicate as inhibitors of p53-Hdm2 interaction, a promising target for cancer chemotherapy. Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated to be new sulfonated serinol derivatives, each of which contains a 6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane unit and either glycerophosphocholine or glycerophosphoethanolamine moiety. They inhibited p53-Hdm2 interaction with IC(50) values of 2.0-55 μM. Among them, siladenoserinol A and B exhibited the strongest inhibition with an IC(50) value of 2.0 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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20
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Chaabane W, User SD, El-Gazzah M, Jaksik R, Sajjadi E, Rzeszowska-Wolny J, Los MJ. Autophagy, apoptosis, mitoptosis and necrosis: interdependence between those pathways and effects on cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2012; 61:43-58. [PMID: 23229678 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-012-0205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cell death is a fundamental ingredient of life. Thus, not surprisingly more than one form of cell death exists. Several excellent reviews on various forms of cell death have already been published but manuscripts describing interconnection and interdependence between such processes are uncommon. Here, what follows is a brief introduction on all three classical forms of cell death, followed by a more detailed insight into the role of p53, the master regulator of apoptosis, and other forms of cell death. While discussing p53 and also the role of caspases in cell death forms, we offer insight into the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis, or necrosis, where autophagy may initially serve pro-survival functions. The review moves further to present some details about less researched forms of programmed cell death, namely necroptosis, necrosis and mitoptosis. These "mixed" forms of cell death allow us to highlight the interconnected nature of cell death forms, particularly apoptosis and necrosis. The interdependence between apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis, and their significance for cancer development and treatment are also analyzed in further parts of the review. In the concluding parts, the afore-mentioned issues will be put in perspective for the development of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Chaabane
- Division of Cell Biology, Department Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE), and Integrative Regenerative Medicine Center (IGEN), Linköping University, Cell Biology Building, Linköping, Sweden
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21
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Kim MS, Je EM, Oh JE, Yoo NJ, Lee SH. Mutational and expressional analyses of SPOP, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, in prostate, gastric and colorectal cancers. APMIS 2012; 121:626-33. [PMID: 23216165 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence exists that alterations of ubiquitination processes are involved in cancer pathogenesis. Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) is a key adaptor for Cul3-based ubiquitination process. Recent studies reported that SPOP may be a tumor suppressor gene (TSG) and somatic mutation of SPOP was detected in prostate cancer (PCA). The aim of this study was to see whether alterations of SPOP protein expression and somatic mutation of SPOP gene are features of cancers. In this study, we analyzed SPOP somatic mutation in 45 gastric (GC), 45 colorectal cancer (CRC) and 45 PCA by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Also, we analyzed SPOP protein expression in 60 GC, 60 CRC and 60 PCA by immunohistochemistry. Overall, we detected three somatic missense mutations of SPOP gene in the coding sequences (p.Ser14Leu, p.Tyr87Cys and p.Phe133Leu). The mutations were observed in two PCA and one CRC. Of note, the p.Phe133Leu was a recurrent mutation reported in an earlier study. In the immunohistochemistry, SPOP protein was expressed in normal gastric, colonic and prostate epithelial cells, whereas it was lost in 30% of GC, 20% of CRC and 37% of PCA. Our data indicate that loss of SPOP expression was common in GC, CRC and PCA, but somatic mutation of SPOP in this study was rare in these tumors. Also, the data provide a possibility that loss of expression of SPOP gene might play a role in cancer pathogenesis by altering TSG functions of SPOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min S Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a key molecule in prostate cancer and Kennedy's disease. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of this steroid receptor is important in the development of potential therapies for these diseases. One layer of AR regulation is provided by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, sumoylation, ubiquitination and methylation. While these modifications have mostly been studied as individual events, it is becoming clear that these modifications can functionally interact with each other in a signalling pathway. In this review, the effects of all modifications are described with a focus on interplay between them and the functional consequences for the AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Coffey
- Solid Tumour Target Discovery Group, The Medical School, Newcastle Cancer Centre at the Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, UK
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23
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Baek KH, Lee H, Yang S, Lim SB, Lee W, Lee JE, Lim JJ, Jun K, Lee DR, Chung Y. Embryonic demise caused by targeted disruption of a cysteine protease Dub-2. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44223. [PMID: 22984479 PMCID: PMC3440420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A plethora of biological metabolisms are regulated by the mechanisms of ubiquitination, wherein this process is balanced with the action of deubiquitination system. Dub-2 is an IL-2-inducible, immediate-early gene that encodes a deubiquitinating enzyme with growth regulatory activity. DUB-2 presumably removes ubiquitin from ubiquitin-conjugated target proteins regulating ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, but its specific target proteins are unknown yet. Methodology/Principal Findings To elucidate the functional role of Dub-2, we generated genetically modified mice by introducing neo cassette into the second exon of Dub-2 and then homologous recombination was done to completely abrogate the activity of DUB-2 proteins. We generated Dub-2+/− heterozygous mice showing a normal phenotype and are fertile, whereas new born mouse of Dub-2−/− homozygous alleles could not survive. In addition, Dub-2−/− embryo could not be seen between E6.5 and E12.5 stages. Furthermore, the number of embryos showing normal embryonic development for further stages is decreased in heterozygotes. Even embryonic stem cells from inner cell mass of Dub-2−/− embryos could not be established. Conclusions Our study suggests that the targeted disruption of Dub-2 may cause embryonic lethality during early gestation, possibly due to the failure of cell proliferation during hatching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA Stem Cell Institute, CHA University, CHA General Hospital, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Donaldson AV, Maddocks M, Martolini D, Polkey MI, Man WDC. Muscle function in COPD: a complex interplay. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2012; 7:523-35. [PMID: 22973093 PMCID: PMC3430120 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s28247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscles play an essential role in life, providing the mechanical basis for respiration and movement. Skeletal muscle dysfunction is prevalent in all stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and significantly influences symptoms, functional capacity, health related quality of life, health resource usage and even mortality. Furthermore, in contrast to the lungs, the skeletal muscles are potentially remedial with existing therapy, namely exercise-training. This review summarizes clinical and laboratory observations of the respiratory and peripheral skeletal muscles (in particular the diaphragm and quadriceps), and current understanding of the underlying etiological processes. As further progress is made in the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle dysfunction, new pharmacological therapies are likely to emerge to treat this important extra-pulmonary manifestation of COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Donaldson
- NIHR Respiratory Biomedical, Research Unit, Royal Brompton, and Harefield NHS Foundation, Trust and Imperial College, London
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25
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Yamanokuchi R, Imada K, Miyazaki M, Kato H, Watanabe T, Fujimuro M, Saeki Y, Yoshinaga S, Terasawa H, Iwasaki N, Rotinsulu H, Losung F, Mangindaan REP, Namikoshi M, de Voogd NJ, Yokosawa H, Tsukamoto S. Hyrtioreticulins A-E, indole alkaloids inhibiting the ubiquitin-activating enzyme, from the marine sponge Hyrtios reticulatus. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:4437-42. [PMID: 22695182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyrtioreticulins A-E (1-5) were isolated from the marine sponge Hyrtios reticulatus, along with a known alkaloid, hyrtioerectine B (6). Structural elucidation on the basis of spectral data showed that 1, 2, and 5 are new tetrahydro-β-carboline alkaloids, while 3 and 4 are new azepinoindole-type alkaloids. Hyrtioreticulins A and B (1 and 2) inhibited ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1) with IC(50) values of 0.75 and 11μg/mL, respectively, measured by their inhibitory abilities against the formation of an E1-ubiquitin intermediate. So far, only five E1 inhibitors, panapophenanthrine, himeic acid A, largazole, and hyrtioreticulins A and B (1 and 2), have been isolated from natural sources and, among them, 1 is the most potent E1 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Yamanokuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
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26
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Frameshift mutations of ubiquitination-related genes HERC2, HERC3, TRIP12, UBE2Q1 and UBE4B in gastric and colorectal carcinomas with microsatellite instability. Pathology 2012; 43:753-5. [PMID: 22124266 DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e32834c7e78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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Zhou L, Hanemann CO. Merlin, a multi-suppressor from cell membrane to the nucleus. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:1403-8. [PMID: 22595235 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) gene encoded protein merlin suppresses mitogenic signalling not only at the cell membrane but also in the nucleus. At the membrane, merlin inhibits signalling by integrins and tyrosine receptor kinases (RTKs) and the activation of downstream pathways, including the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, FAK/Src, PI3K/AKT, Rac/PAK/JNK, mTORC1, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In the nucleus, merlin suppresses the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4(DCAF1) to inhibit proliferation. Gene expression analysis suggested that CRL4(DCAF1) could also regulate the expression of integrins and RTKs. In this review, we explore the links between merlin function at the membrane and in the nucleus, and discuss the potential of targeting the master regulator CRL4 (DCAF1) to treat NF2 and other merlin-deficient tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- Clinical Neurobiology, Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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28
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von Zeska Kress MR, Harting R, Bayram Ö, Christmann M, Irmer H, Valerius O, Schinke J, Goldman GH, Braus GH. The COP9 signalosome counteracts the accumulation of cullin SCF ubiquitin E3 RING ligases during fungal development. Mol Microbiol 2012; 83:1162-77. [PMID: 22329854 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2012.07999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the COP9 signalosome (CSN) impair multicellular development, including embryonic plant or animal death or a block in sexual development of the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. CSN deneddylates cullin-RING ligases (CRLs), which are activated by covalent linkage to ubiquitin-like NEDD8. Deneddylation allows CRL disassembly for subsequent reassembly. An attractive hypothesis is a consecutive order of CRLs for development, which demands repeated cycles of neddylation and deneddylation for reassembling CRLs. Interruption of these cycles could explain developmental blocks caused by csn mutations. This predicts an accumulation of neddylated CRLs exhibiting developmental functions when CSN is dysfunctional. We tested this hypothesis in A. nidulans, which tolerates reduced levels of neddylation for growth. We show that only genes for CRL subunits or neddylation are essential, whereas CSN is primarily required for development. We used functional tagged NEDD8, recruiting all three fungal cullins. Cullins are associated with the CSN1/CsnA subunit when deneddylation is defective. Two CRLs were identified which are specifically involved in differentiation and accumulate during the developmental block. This suggests that an active CSN complex is required to counteract the accumulation of specific CRLs during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Regina von Zeska Kress
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstrasse 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Oberle C, Blattner C. Regulation of the DNA Damage Response to DSBs by Post-Translational Modifications. Curr Genomics 2011; 11:184-98. [PMID: 21037856 PMCID: PMC2878983 DOI: 10.2174/138920210791110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 02/22/2010] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the genetic material can affect cellular function in many ways. Therefore, maintenance of the genetic integrity is of primary importance for all cells. Upon DNA damage, cells respond immediately with proliferation arrest and repair of the lesion or apoptosis. All these consequences require recognition of the lesion and transduction of the information to effector systems. The accomplishment of DNA repair, but also of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis furthermore requires protein-protein interactions and the formation of larger protein complexes. More recent research shows that the formation of many of these aggregates depends on post-translational modifications. In this article, we have summarized the different cellular events in response to a DNA double strand break, the most severe lesion of the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Oberle
- Karlsruher Institute of Technology, Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe PO-Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Duncan R, Gannavaram S, Dey R, Debrabant A, Lakhal-Naouar I, Nakhasi HL. Identification and characterization of genes involved in leishmania pathogenesis: the potential for drug target selection. Mol Biol Int 2011; 2011:428486. [PMID: 22091403 PMCID: PMC3200065 DOI: 10.4061/2011/428486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and characterizing Leishmania donovani genes and the proteins they encode for their role in pathogenesis can reveal the value of this approach for finding new drug targets. Effective drug targets are likely to be proteins differentially expressed or required in the amastigote life cycle stage found in the patient. Several examples and their potential for chemotherapeutic disruption are presented. A pathway nearly ubiquitous in living cells targeted by anticancer drugs, the ubiquitin system, is examined. New findings in ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifiers in Leishmania show how disruption of those pathways could point to additional drug targets. The programmed cell death pathway, now recognized among protozoan parasites, is reviewed for some of its components and evidence that suggests they could be targeted for antiparasitic drug therapy. Finally, the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system is involved in secretion of many virulence factors. How disruptions in this pathway reduce virulence as evidence for potential drug targets is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Duncan
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, FDA, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA
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Shen F, Kirmani KZ, Xiao Z, Thirlby BH, Hickey RJ, Malkas LH. Nuclear protein isoforms: implications for cancer diagnosis and therapy. J Cell Biochem 2011; 112:756-60. [PMID: 21328449 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of nuclear proteins play essential roles in the regulation of gene transcription and signal transduction pathways. Numerous studies have demonstrated a correlation between specific nuclear protein isoforms and cellular malignant process. This communication reviews the impact of major PTM events such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation on several important nuclear proteins including p53, histones, proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA), and retinoblastoma protein (Rb) in the process. In addition, the implications of the PTMs as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Rufini A, Fortuni S, Arcuri G, Condò I, Serio D, Incani O, Malisan F, Ventura N, Testi R. Preventing the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of frataxin, the protein defective in Friedreich's ataxia. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 20:1253-61. [PMID: 21216878 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a devastating orphan disease, with no specific treatment. The disease is caused by reduced expression of the protein frataxin, which results in mitochondrial defects and oxidative damage. Levels of residual frataxin critically affect onset and progression of the disease. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate frataxin stability and degradation may, therefore, be exploited for the design of effective therapeutics. Here we show that frataxin is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and that K(147) is the critical residue responsible for frataxin ubiquitination and degradation. Accordingly, a K(147)R substitution generates a more stable frataxin. We then disclose a set of lead compounds, computationally selected to target the molecular cleft harboring K(147), that can prevent frataxin ubiquitination and degradation, and increase frataxin levels in cells derived from FRDA patients. Moreover, treatment with these compounds induces substantial recovery of aconitase activity and adenosine-5'-triphosphate levels in FRDA cells. Thus, we provide evidence for the therapeutic potential of directly interfering with the frataxin degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rufini
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Gülcemal D, Alankuş-Çalışkan Ö, Karaalp C, Örs AU, Ballar P, Bedir E. Phenolic Glycosides with antiproteasomal activity from Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. urvillei. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2529-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 09/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jones MD, Liu JC, Barthel TK, Hussain S, Lovria E, Cheng D, Schoonmaker JA, Mulay S, Ayers DC, Bouxsein ML, Stein GS, Mukherjee S, Lian JB. A proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, inhibits breast cancer growth and reduces osteolysis by downregulating metastatic genes. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:4978-89. [PMID: 20843837 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The incidence of bone metastasis in advanced breast cancer (BrCa) exceeds 70%. Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor used for the treatment of multiple myeloma, also promotes bone formation. We tested the hypothesis that proteasome inhibitors can ameliorate BrCa osteolytic disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To address the potentially beneficial effect of bortezomib in reducing tumor growth in the skeleton and counteracting bone osteolysis, human MDA-MB-231 BrCa cells were injected into the tibia of mice to model bone tumor growth for in vivo assessment of treatment regimens before and after tumor growth. RESULTS Controls exhibited tumor growth, destroying trabecular and cortical bone and invading muscle. Bortezomib treatment initiated following inoculation of tumor cells strikingly reduced tumor growth, restricted tumor cells mainly to the marrow cavity, and almost completely inhibited osteolysis in the bone microenvironment over a 3- to 4-week period as shown by [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, micro-computed tomography scanning, radiography, and histology. Thus, proteasome inhibition is effective in killing tumor cells within the bone. Pretreatment with bortezomib for 3 weeks before inoculation of tumor cells was also effective in reducing osteolysis. Our in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that mechanisms by which bortezomib inhibits tumor growth and reduces osteolysis result from inhibited cell proliferation, necrosis, and decreased expression of factors that promote BrCa tumor progression in bone. CONCLUSION These findings provide a basis for a novel strategy to treat patients with BrCa osteolytic lesions, and represent an approach for protecting the entire skeleton from metastatic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marci D Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
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Abstract
Advances in the generation and interpretation of proteomics data have spurred a transition from focusing on protein identification to functional analysis. Here we review recent proteomics results that have elucidated new aspects of the roles and regulation of signal transduction pathways in cancer using the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ERK and breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-ABL1 networks as examples. The emerging theme is to understand cancer signalling as networks of multiprotein machines which process information in a highly dynamic environment that is shaped by changing protein interactions and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Cancerous genetic mutations derange these protein networks in complex ways that are tractable by proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Kolch
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Cytosol as battleground: ubiquitin as a weapon for both host and pathogen. Trends Cell Biol 2010; 20:205-13. [PMID: 20129784 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin was first described as a tag allowing cells to degrade and recycle their own proteins. Recent research has shown ubiquitin to be central for immune system recognition of invading bacteria. This review describes a set of complex host-pathogen interactions that are dependent on ubiquitination. From the host perspective, ubiquitin-dependent activation of inflammation and degradation of bacterial effectors is protective. Several pathogens become ubiquitinated in the host cell cytosol, and recent research suggests that this could trigger a form of autophagy, increasingly recognized as an important mechanism for the control of infection by a variety of human pathogens. Meanwhile, bacteria have developed mechanisms to evade or exploit the fundamental processes activated by ubiquitination, producing both ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitinases that modulate host responses.
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Los M. New, exciting developments in experimental therapies in the early 21st century. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 625:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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