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Zhang T, Qiu J, Wu X, Huang S, Yuan H, Park S. Schizonepeta Tenuifolia with Alpinia Oxyphylla Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis and Improves the Gut Microbiome in Nc/Nga Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E722. [PMID: 32751987 PMCID: PMC7465453 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that may be related to gut microbes. Schizonepeta Tenuifolia Briquet (STB) and Alpinia Oxyphylla Miquel (AOM) has traditionally been used for anti-inflammatory activity. We evaluated the effects of STB, AOM and STB+AOM extracts on 2,4-dinitro-1-chlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice and action mechanism was explored. AD lesions were induced in the dorsal skin of Nc/Nga mice by topical application of 1% followed by 0.2% DNCB. After DNCB was applied, the mice had topical applications of either 30% water, 0.01% dexamethasone, 30% STB, 30% AOM, 15% STB + 15% AOM extracts in butylene glycol (BG). Each group was also fed corresponding high-fat diets with 1% dextrin (AD-Con and AD-Positive), 1% STB (AD-STB), 1% AOM (AD-AOM) and 0.5% STB + 0.5% (AD-MIX). Normal-control mice had no DNCB application. The study evaluated the skin AD severity, scratching behavior and weight changes of AD mice for 5 weeks. Compared with AD-Con, AD-STB, AD-AOM and AD-MIX alleviated the clinical AD symptoms (erythema, pruritus, edema, erosion and lichenification and scratching behaviors), normalized immune chemistry (serum IgE concentration, mast cells and eosinophil infiltration), improved skin hyperplasia and enhanced the gut microbiome. AD-STB, AD-AOM, AD-MIX and AD-positive treatments inhibited cutaneous mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-13 and serum IgE concentrations. AD-MIX most effectively reduced clinical AD symptoms and proinflammatory cytokines. AD-Positive also reduced them but serum GOT and GPT concentrations were abnormally high. AD-STB and AD-MIX increased the alpha-diversity of fecal bacteria and reduced the serum acetate concentration, compared to the AD-Con. In conclusion, the mixture of STB and AOM is effective for treating AD symptoms locally and systemically without adverse effects and are potential interventions for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan 31499, Korea; (T.Z.); (J.Q.); (X.W.); (S.H.); (H.Y.)
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Suzuki T, Nishiyama K, Kawata K, Sugimoto K, Isome M, Suzuki S, Nozawa R, Ichikawa Y, Watanabe Y, Suzutani T. Effect of the Lactococcus Lactis 11/19-B1 Strain on Atopic Dermatitis in a Clinical Test and Mouse Model. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030763. [PMID: 32183266 PMCID: PMC7146114 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to improve atopic dermatitis (AD) through the regulation and stimulation of the host immune system. In this study, we found that ingestion of yogurt containing Lactococcus lactis 11/19-B1 strain (L. lactis 11/19-B1) daily for 8 weeks significantly improved the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) system score from 38.8 ± 14.4 to 24.2 ± 12.0 in children suffering from AD. We tried to identify which LAB species among the five species contained in the test yogurt contributed to the improvement in AD pathology using an AD mouse model induced by repeated application of 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). AD-like skin lesions on the dorsal skin and ear were most improved by L. lactis 11/19-B1 intake among the five LAB species. In addition, analysis of CD4+ T cell subsets in Peyer’s patches (PPs) and cervical lymph nodes (CLNs) indicated that the intake of L. lactis 11/19-B1 generally suppressed all subsets related to inflammation, i.e., Th1, Th2 and Th17, instead of activating the suppressive system, Treg, in the AD mouse model. Histological observations showed ingestion of L. lactis 11/19-B1 significantly suppressed severe inflammatory findings, such as inflammatory cell filtration, epidermal erosion and eosinophil infiltration. These results suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of L. lactis 11/19-B1 contribute to improvements in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Kyoko Nishiyama
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Koji Kawata
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Kotaro Sugimoto
- Department of Basic Pathology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Masato Isome
- Isome Children’s Clinic, Fukushima 960-8165, Japan;
| | - Shigeo Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Ohara General Hospital, Fukushima 960-8611, Japan;
| | - Ruriko Nozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita General Hospital, Kunimi, Date, Fukushima 969-1793, Japan;
| | | | | | - Tatsuo Suzutani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; (T.S.); (K.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-24-547-1158
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Wang Y, Cao S, Yu K, Yang F, Yu X, Zhai Y, Wu C, Xu Y. Integrating tacrolimus into eutectic oil-based microemulsion for atopic dermatitis: simultaneously enhancing percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy with relieving side effects. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5849-5863. [PMID: 31440050 PMCID: PMC6679700 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s212260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Topical application of tacrolimus (FK506) was effective in treating atopic dermatitis (AD); however, the therapeutic efficiency is hampered by its poor penetration into the skin and local side effects of transient irritation symptoms with a burning sensation, a feeling of warmth or heat. Menthol and camphor have been widely used in topical compound formulations for adjunctive pharmacotherapy for antipruritics and analgesics owing to their cool nature, and both present skin penetration enhancing effects. Moreover, they can form a liquid eutectic oil to solubilize hydrophobic drugs. Purpose: Taking advantages of menthol/camphor eutectic (MCE), this work aims to integrate FK506 into MCE to construct a microemulsion system, i.e., FK506 MCE ME, which simultaneously enhances the percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy, while reduces the side effects of FK506. Methods: The formulation of FK506 MCE ME was optimized and characterized. Different formulations containing FK506 were topically administered to treat 1–chloro–2, 4–dinitrobenzene (DNCB)-induced murine AD. Results: MCE solubilized FK506. FK506 in MCE ME penetrated skin in vitro more than in the commercial ointment, and MCE predominantly exerted the enhancing effects in MCE ME. FK506 MCE ME or FK506 MCE ME gel had greater effects on clinical symptoms, histological analysis, and IgE than did commercial FK506. The anti-pruritic and down-regulation of substance P effects of MCE ME vehicle mitigated the side effects of FK506 application. Conclusion: MCE ME presented the excellent properties of simultaneously enhancing the percutaneous delivery and treatment efficacy, while reducing the side effects of FK506 for AD. Therefore, MCE ME is a promising nanoscale system for FK506 to effectively treating AD with low irritation and high medication adherence. Chemical compounds studied in this article: Tacrolimus (PubChem CID: 445643); menthol (PubChem CID: 1254); camphor (PubChem CID: 2537)
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sisi Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengdie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuming Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehong Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Noguchi A, Tominaga M, Takahashi N, Matsuda H, Kamata Y, Umehara Y, Ko KC, Suga Y, Ogawa H, Takamori K. Differences in therapeutic effects of topically applied corticosteroid and tacrolimus on atopic dermatitis-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 86:54-62. [PMID: 28069324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical corticosteroid and calcineurin inhibitor have similar therapeutic benefits in atopic dermatitis (AD), but the differences in therapeutic mechanisms of action of these agents against AD symptoms are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to examine the different effects of topical betamethasone valerate (BMV), clobetasol propionate (CBP), and tacrolimus (TAC) on itch-related behavior and dermatitis in NC/Nga mice with AD-like symptoms. METHODS AD-like dermatitis was induced in the dorsal skin of NC/Nga mice by repeated topical application of Dermatophagoides farinae body (Dfb) ointment twice weekly for three weeks. Mice with dermatitis scores over 5 were divided into five groups with equal dermatitis scores and treated with BMV, CBP, TAC, or Vaseline (Vas) once daily for two consecutive days, or were not treated (NT). Scratching behavior was analyzed using a SCLABA®-Real system. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) before and after treatment was measured using a Tewameter® TM210. Skin collected from each group was analyzed histologically. RESULTS After the second treatment, dermatitis showed significantly greater improvement in the CBP and TAC-treated groups than in the Vas-treated and NT groups. The numbers of scratching bouts were significantly lower in CBP and TAC-treated mice than in Vas-treated mice. TEWL was significantly lower in TAC-, but not in CBP-, treated mice than in Vas-treated mice. Immunohistochemical examination showed that BMV, CBP and TAC did not reduce the increased densities of epidermal protein gene product 9.5- and substance P-immunoreactive fibers. The numbers of dermal CD4-immunoreactive T cells were significantly lower in BMV and CBP-treated mice than in Vas-treated and NT mice. The numbers of dermal eosinophils were significantly lower in BMV, CBP and TAC-treated mice than in Vas-treated and NT mice, with CBP showing the strongest effect. CBP significantly reduced epidermal thickness compared with Vas and NT. There were no significant differences in the numbers of interleukin-31-immunoreactive cells and mast cells, or in expression of epidermal thymic stromal lymphopoietin among all five groups. CONCLUSION The therapeutic potency of TAC against AD-like symptoms, including pruritus, is equal to that of the corticosteroid CBP. Epidermal innervation of sensory nerves itself might not be related to the therapeutic effects of topical tacrolimus and corticosteroids in its early phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Noguchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Tominaga
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Takahashi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hironori Matsuda
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kamata
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yoshie Umehara
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kyi Chan Ko
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Yasushi Suga
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Hideoki Ogawa
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Takamori
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan; Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba 279-0021, Japan.
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The interaction between histamine H1 receptor and μ- opioid receptor in scratching behavior in ICR mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 777:124-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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A "Pedi" Cures All: Toenail Trimming and the Treatment of Ulcerative Dermatitis in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0144871. [PMID: 26735497 PMCID: PMC4703297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Dermatitis (UD) is the most common cause of unplanned euthanasia in mice used in research, with prevalence rates reported between 4 and 21%. UD is characterized by a deep, ulcerative lesion that appears most commonly over the dorsal neck and is attendant with an intense pruritus. The underlying cause of UD is currently unknown, and as a consequence, there are no directed therapies that resolve lesions reliably. However, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests a behavioral component to the onset, maintenance, and progression of UD lesions. Scratching behavior in response to the intense pruritus associated with UD lesions may be an effective target for interventional therapies. We hypothesized that interfering with scratching behavior by trimming the toenails of mice with UD, would resolve UD lesions. To test this hypothesis, we first evaluated the efficacy of toenail trims with a single application of Vetericyn at the time of treatment versus our previous standard of care, topical Tresaderm applied daily. We found that toenail trims were significantly more effective at resolving lesions (n = 39 toenail trims, n = 100 Tresaderm, p<0.0001) with 93.3% of animals healing by 14 days (median time to lesion resolution). Furthermore, dorsal neck lesions did not recur by 42 days after a single toenail trim (n = 54); however, flank lesions did not resolve and the outcome of the two lesion distributions following treatment were significantly different (p<0.0001). Finally, we implemented toenail trims at an institutional level and found similar efficacies (approximately 90%) for toenail trims regardless of one-time topical supplement used (triple antibiotic ointment, Tresaderm, and Vetericyn, n = 55, 58, 18, p = 0.63). This is the first report of a highly effective treatment for one of the most serious welfare issues in laboratory mice.
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George NM, Whitaker J, Vieira G, Geronimo JT, Bellinger DA, Fletcher CA, Garner JP. Antioxidant Therapies for Ulcerative Dermatitis: A Potential Model for Skin Picking Disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132092. [PMID: 26167859 PMCID: PMC4500395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin Picking Disorder affects 4% of the general population, with serious quality of life impacts, and potentially life threatening complications. Standard psychoactive medications do not help most patients. Similarly, Mouse Ulcerative Dermatitis (skin lesions caused by excessive abnormal grooming behavior) is very common in widely used inbred strains of mice, and represents a serious animal welfare issue and cause of mortality. Treatment options for Ulcerative Dermatitis are largely palliative and ineffective. We have proposed mouse Ulcerative Dermatitis as a model for human Skin Picking Disorder based on similar epidemiology, behavior, and its comorbidity and mechanistic overlap with hair pulling (trichotillomania). We predicted that mouse Ulcerative Dermatitis would be treated by N-Acetylcysteine, as this compound is highly effective in treating both Skin Picking Disorder and Trichotillomania. Furthermore, we hypothesized that N-Acetylcysteine’s mode of action is as a precursor to the production of the endogenous antioxidant glutathione in the brain, and therefore intranasal glutathione would also treat Ulcerative Dermatitis. Accordingly, we show in a heterogenous prospective trial, the significant reduction in Ulcerative Dermatitis lesion severity in mice receiving either N-acetylcysteine (oral administration) or glutathione (intranasal). The majority of mice treated with N-acetylcysteine improved slowly throughout the course of the study. Roughly half of the mice treated with glutathione showed complete resolution of lesion within 2-4 weeks, while the remainder did not respond. These findings are the first to show that the use of N-acetylcysteine and Glutathione can be curative for mouse Ulcerative Dermatitis. These findings lend additional support for mouse Ulcerative Dermatitis as a model of Skin Picking Disorder and also support oxidative stress and glutathione synthesis as the mechanism of action for these compounds. As N-Acetylcysteine is poorly tolerated by many patients, intranasal glutathione warrants further study as potential therapy in Skin Picking, trichotillomania and other body-focused repetitive behavior disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka M. George
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Julia Whitaker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Giovana Vieira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jerome T. Geronimo
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Dwight A. Bellinger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Craig A. Fletcher
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph P. Garner
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Lee JJ, Protheroe CA, Luo H, Ochkur SI, Scott GD, Zellner KR, Raish RJ, Dahl MV, Vega ML, Conley O, Condjella RM, Kloeber JA, Neely JL, Patel YS, Maizer P, Mazzolini A, Fryer AD, Jacoby NW, Jacoby DB, Lee NA. Eosinophil-dependent skin innervation and itching following contact toxicant exposure in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:477-87. [PMID: 25129680 PMCID: PMC4464693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact toxicant reactions are accompanied by localized skin inflammation and concomitant increases in site-specific itch responses. The role(s) of eosinophils in these reactions is poorly understood. However, previous studies have suggested that localized eosinophil-nerve interactions at sites of inflammation significantly alter tissue innervation. OBJECTIVE To define a potential mechanistic link between eosinophils and neurosensory responses in the skin leading to itching. METHODS BALB/cJ mice were exposed to different contact toxicants, identifying trimellitic anhydride (TMA) for further study on the basis of inducing a robust eosinophilia accompanied by degranulation. Subsequent studies using TMA were performed with wild type versus eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice, assessing edematous responses and remodeling events such as sensory nerve innervation of the skin and induced pathophysiological responses (ie, itching). RESULTS Exposure to TMA, but not dinitrofluorobenzene, resulted in a robust eosinophil skin infiltrate accompanied by significant levels of degranulation. Follow-up studies using TMA with wild type versus eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice showed that the induced edematous responses and histopathology were, in part, causatively linked with the presence of eosinophils. Significantly, these data also demonstrated that eosinophil-mediated events correlated with a significant increase in substance P content of the cutaneous nerves and an accompanying increase in itching, both of which were abolished in the absence of eosinophils. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophil-mediated events following TMA contact toxicant reactions increase skin sensory nerve substance P and, in turn, increase itching responses. Thus, eosinophil-nerve interactions provide a potential mechanistic link between eosinophil-mediated events and neurosensory responses following exposure to some contact toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz.
| | - Cheryl A Protheroe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Huijun Luo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Sergei I Ochkur
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Gregory D Scott
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Katie R Zellner
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Randall J Raish
- Media Support Services, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Mark V Dahl
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Miriam L Vega
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Olivia Conley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Rachel M Condjella
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Joseph L Neely
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Yash S Patel
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Patty Maizer
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Andrew Mazzolini
- Brophy College Preparatory, Department of Science, Phoenix, Ariz
| | - Allison D Fryer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Noah W Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - David B Jacoby
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
| | - Nancy A Lee
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, Scottsdale, Ariz
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Abstract
Substance P (SP) is an important mediator of pro-inflammatory mechanisms in the skin. It targets multiple cells such as keratinocytes, mast cells, and fibroblasts which are involved in the cutaneous generation of pruritus. This suggests that SP is an interesting target for therapy. In fact, in recent case reports and case series, SP antagonists demonstrated a significant antipruritic effect in acute and chronic pruritus such as drug-induced pruritus, paraneoplastic pruritus, prurigo nodularis, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and brachioradial pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology, Competence Center Chronic Pruritus, University Hospital of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Strasse 58, 48149, Münster, Germany,
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11
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Keck C, Anantaworasakul P, Patel M, Okonogi S, Singh K, Roessner D, Scherrers R, Schwabe K, Rimpler C, Müller R. A new concept for the treatment of atopic dermatitis: Silver–nanolipid complex (sNLC). Int J Pharm 2014; 462:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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KATUNINA OR, CHIKIN VV, ZNAMENSKAYA LF, INOYATOVA LA. Role of neuromediators in the development of skin inflammation in patients with atopic dermatitis. VESTNIK DERMATOLOGII I VENEROLOGII 2013. [DOI: 10.25208/vdv575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitters such as neuropeptides and neurotrophins can have an effect on the development of a skin inflammatory reaction and itching as well as condition of nerve fibers. Goal. To assess the expression of neuropeptides and neurotrophins in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. Expression of neuropeptides of substance P and SP-R receptor, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and CGRP-R receptor, neurotrophin (nerve growth factor) and TrkA receptor as well as amphiregulin enhancing the growth of nerve fibers and semaphorin-3A terminating the growth of nerve fibers was determined in the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis based on the immunohistochemistry analysis method. Expression of protein PGP9.5 being a marker of nerve fibers was also determined. Results. The authors discovered penetration of nerve fibers expressing substance P and CGRP into the epidermis in patients with atopic dermatitis. Expression of the nerve growth factor and amphiregulin was discovered in epidermis but no expression of semaphorin-3A was discovered. Conclusion. Nerve fibers expressing neuropeptides such as substance P and CGRP can penetrate into the epidermis in patients with atopic dermatitis, which can maintain the inflammatory reaction and itching in such patients. Expression of the growth factors (nerve growth factor and amphiregulin) can contribute to the growth of nerve fibers and their penetration into epidermis against the background of the absence of any expression of semaphorin-3A inhibiting their growth.
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Li G, Fan Y, Fan C, Li X, Wang X, Li M, Liu Y. Tacrolimus-loaded ethosomes: Physicochemical characterization and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Takeuchi S, Saeki H, Tokunaga S, Sugaya M, Ohmatsu H, Tsunemi Y, Torii H, Nakamura K, Kawakami T, Soma Y, Gyotoku E, Hide M, Sasaki R, Ohya Y, Kido M, Furue M. A randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of topical tacrolimus for the treatment of pruritis in patients with atopic dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24:144-50. [PMID: 22577263 PMCID: PMC3346903 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pruritis caused by atopic dermatitis (AD) is not always well controlled by topical corticosteroid therapy, but use of tacrolimus often helps to soothe such intractable pruritis in clinical settings. Objective To determine the anti-pruritic efficacy of topical tacrolimus in treating AD in induction and maintenance therapy. Methods Prior to the study, patients were randomly allocated into two groups, induction therapy followed by tacrolimus monotherapy maintenance, and induction therapy followed by emollient-only maintenance. In the induction therapy, the patients were allowed to use topical tacrolimus and emollients in addition to a low dose (<10 g/week) of topical steroids. Patients showing relief from pruritis were allowed to proceed to maintenance therapy. Recurrence of pruritis in maintenance therapy was examined as a major endpoint. Results Two-thirds of patients (44/68; 64.7%) showed relief from pruritis after induction therapy. Pruritis recurred in 23.8% (5/21) of the tacrolimus monotherapy group and in 100% (21/21) of the emollient group during maintenance period, a difference that was statistically significant. Conclusion Use of topical tacrolimus is effective in controlling pruritis of AD compared to emollient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Samukawa K, Izumi Y, Shiota M, Nakao T, Osada-Oka M, Miura K, Iwao H. Red ginseng inhibits scratching behavior associated with atopic dermatitis in experimental animal models. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 118:391-400. [PMID: 22382656 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.11182fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pruritus is a severe symptom that is difficult to treat in atopic dermatitis patients. Red ginseng (RG), a natural medicine, has various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the efficacy of RG extract (RGE) and its mechanism on experimental atopic dermatitis in mice. The effects of RGE on vascular permeability and itching were first evaluated. Histamine-induced permeability and itching were significantly inhibited by embrocation with RGE as well as diphenhydramine, an antihistamine drug. Next, we assessed the therapeutic effect of topical RGE in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis. Dermatitis was induced by repeated application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) acetone solution to the mouse ear. The effects of tacrolimus (a calcineurin blocker), dexamethasone (a corticosteroid), and RGE on dermatitis and associated scratching behavior were compared. Repeated DNFB application caused frequent scratching behaviors and ear swelling. Topical treatment with tacrolimus, dexamethasone, and RGE for 8 days before the final challenge with DNFB significantly inhibited ear swelling. Tacrolimus and RGE significantly inhibited scratching behavior, whereas dexamethasone failed to do so. DNFB-induced nerve growth factor expression and nerve fiber extension were significantly attenuated by tacrolimus and RGE, but not by dexamethasone. RGE may have the potential for treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Samukawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Osaka City University Medical School, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Zhang B, Alysandratos KD, Angelidou A, Asadi S, Sismanopoulos N, Delivanis DA, Weng Z, Miniati A, Vasiadi M, Katsarou-Katsari A, Miao B, Leeman SE, Kalogeromitros D, Theoharides TC. Human mast cell degranulation and preformed TNF secretion require mitochondrial translocation to exocytosis sites: relevance to atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011; 127:1522-31.e8. [PMID: 21453958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells derive from hematopoietic cell precursors and participate in tissue allergic, immune, and inflammatory processes. They secrete many mediators, including preformed TNF, in response to allergic, neuropeptide, and environmental triggers. However, regulation of mast cell degranulation is not well understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of mitochondrial dynamics in degranulation of human cultured mast cells. METHODS Human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells (hCBMCs) and Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 (LAD2) mast cells were examined by confocal and differential interference contrast microscopy during activation by IgE/antigen and substance P (SP). Mast cells in control and atopic dermatitis (AD) skin were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. LAD2 cells were pretreated with mitochondrial division inhibitor, a dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) inhibitor, and small interfering RNA for Drp1, which is necessary for mitochondrial fission and translocation. Calcineurin and Drp1 gene expression was analyzed in stimulated LAD2 cells and AD skin biopsies. RESULTS Stimulation of hCBMCs with IgE/antigen or LAD2 cells with SP leads to rapid (30 minutes) secretion of preformed TNF. Degranulation is accompanied by mitochondrial translocation from a perinuclear location to exocytosis sites. Extracellular calcium depletion prevents these effects, indicating calcium requirement. The calcium-dependent calcineurin and Drp1 are activated 30 minutes after SP stimulation. Reduction of Drp1 activity by mitochondrial division inhibitor and decrease of Drp1 expression using small interfering RNA inhibit mitochondrial translocation, degranulation, and TNF secretion. Mitochondrial translocation is also evident by transmission electron microscopy in skin mast cells from AD biopsies, in which gene expression of calcineurin, Drp1, and SP is higher than in normal skin. CONCLUSION Human mast cell degranulation requires mitochondrial dynamics, also implicated in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodi Zhang
- Molecular Immunopharmacology and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Molecular Physiology and Pharmacology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Chuang YC, Tyagi P, Huang HY, Yoshimura N, Wu M, Kaufman J, Chancellor MB. Intravesical immune suppression by liposomal tacrolimus in cyclophosphamide-induced inflammatory cystitis. Neurourol Urodyn 2010; 30:421-7. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.20981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Yamashita H, Ito T, Kato H, Asai S, Tanaka H, Nagai H, Inagaki N. Comparison of the efficacy of tacrolimus and cyclosporine A in a murine model of dinitrofluorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 645:171-6. [PMID: 20674565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2009] [Revised: 06/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tacrolimus (FK506) and cyclosporine A (Cys A) are immunosuppressive drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and for preventing rejection of allogeneic transplants. Tacrolimus forms a complex with FK506 binding protein (FKBP), and Cys A forms a complex with cyclophilin. These tacrolimus-FKBP and Cys A-cyclophilin complexes interact with calcineurin (CaN), thereby suppressing activation of T cells. In contrast, steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs suppress the immune system mainly via inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kappaB) and the activating protein-1 (AP-1) pathway. Previously, we reported that tacrolimus, but not dexamethasone, reduced scratching behavior in a murine model of atopic dermatitis. To elucidate the mechanism involved in the inhibition of scratching behavior, we used a mouse model of allergic dermatitis to compare the characteristics of tacrolimus and Cys A treatment. We found that Cys A suppressed scratching behavior induced by application of 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, as did tacrolimus. In addition, both drugs attenuated increases in vascular permeability and scratching behavior induced by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. These results indicate that inhibition of the CaN pathway plays an important role in tacrolimus- and Cys A-induced inhibition of scratching behavior in mice. Furthermore, we observed that CaN inhibitors suppressed mast cell-dependent allergic reaction.
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