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Liu P, Zhang M, Liu T, Mo R, Wang H, Zhang G, Wu Y. Avenanthramide Improves Colonic Damage Induced by Food Allergies in Mice through Altering Gut Microbiota and Regulating Hsp70-NF-κB Signaling. Nutrients 2023; 15:992. [PMID: 36839351 PMCID: PMC9962348 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Food allergies can cause intestinal damage that can exacerbate allergic symptoms, and gut microbiota have been shown to influence allergic development. This study was intended to investigate the effects of Avenanthramide (AVA) on colonic damage induced by food allergy and its mechanism. In Exp. 1, AVA administrations alleviated colonic inflammation in mice challenged with ovalbumin, as shown by decreased concentrations of TNF-α, IL-25 and IL-33. Additionally, the AVA supplementations improved intestinal barrier damage by elevating occludin, ZO-1 and claudin-1 levels. Moreover, AVA inhibited NF-κB phosphorylation and enhanced heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in the colon. In Exp. 2, apoptozole as a Hsp70 inhibitor was used to explore the Hsp70-NF-κB signaling contribution to AVA function. The AVA additions increased the productions of acetate and butyrate, but decreased propionate. Notably, AVA reduced the colonic abundance of propionate-producing microbes such as Muribaculaceae, but elevated butyrate-producing microbes including Roseburia, Blautia, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. Microbial alteration could be responsible for the increased butyrate, and thus the up-regulated Hsp70. However, apoptozole treatment eliminated the effects of AVA. Our study revealed that AVA improved colonic injury and inflammation induced by food allergies, and this mechanism may be mediated by the increased microbial-derived butyrate and involved in the Hsp70-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu P, Liu T, Zhang M, Mo R, Zhou W, Li D, Wu Y. Effects of Avenanthramide on the Small Intestinal Damage through Hsp70-NF-κB Signaling in an Ovalbumin-Induced Food Allergy Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315229. [PMID: 36499554 PMCID: PMC9739943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A food allergy is caused by an abnormal immune reaction and can induce serious intestinal inflammation and tissue damage. Currently, the avoidance of food allergens is still the most effective way to prevent or reduce allergic symptoms, so the development of new strategies to treat allergies is important. Avenanthramide (AVA) is a bioactive polyphenol derived from oats with a wide range of biological activities; however, it is still not clear whether or how AVA alleviates intestinal damage under allergic situations. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of AVA on the small intestinal damage in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced food allergy model and its mechanism. In experiment 1, 10 mg/kg bw and 20 mg/kg bw doses of AVA both decreased the serum levels of OVA-specific IgE, histamine, and prostaglandin D induced by OVA. The AVA administration relieved inflammation indicated by the lower serum concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The levels of tight junction proteins including Claudin-1, ZO-1, and Occludin in the jejunum were elevated after AVA administration, accompanied by the improved intestinal morphology. Furthermore, AVA elevated the protein expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and inhibited the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), thus the apoptozole, which a Hsp70 inhibitor, was applied in experiment 2 to assess the contribution of Hsp70-NF-κB signaling to the effects of AVA. In the experiment 2, the inhibition of Hsp70 signaling treatment abolished the beneficial effects of AVA on the small intestinal damage and other allergic symptoms in mice challenged with OVA. Taken together, our results indicated that AVA exerted an intestinal protection role in the OVA-induced allergy, the mechanism of which was partly mediated by the Hsp70-NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Wu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-6273-3588
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3
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Su Q, Liu Y, Lv XW, Dai RX, Yang XH, Kong BH. LncRNA TUG1 mediates ischemic myocardial injury by targeting miR-132-3p/HDAC3 axis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 318:H332-H344. [PMID: 31858814 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00444.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly contributed to the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Recent studies suggest that hypoxia upregulated the long noncoding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1). In this study, we explored the functional significance and molecular mechanisms of TUG1/miR-132-3p axis in ischemia-challenged cardiomyocytes. In primary cardiomyocytes challenged with H2O2, expressions of miR-132-3p, TUG1, and other target proteins were measured by RT quantitative PCR or Western blot analysis; cell viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay; apoptosis by annexin V and propidium iodide staining; the abundance of acetylated H3K9 or histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) within the promoter of target genes by chromatin immunoprecipitation; the direct interaction between miR-132-3p and HDAC3 or TUG1 by luciferase reporter assay. The biological significance of miR-132-3p, TUG1, and HDAC3 was assessed using miR-132-3p mimic, siRNA-targeting TUG1 and HDAC3 inhibitor RGF966, respectively, in H2O2-challenged cells in vitro or ischemia-reperfusion (I/R)-induced AMI in vivo. miR-132-3p was downregulated, whereas TUG1 upregulated in H2O2-challenged cardiomyocytes. Overexpressing miR-132-3p or knocking down TUG1 significantly improved viability, inhibited apoptosis, and reduced ROS production in H2O2-stressed cardiomyocytes in vitro and alleviated I/R-induced AMI in vivo. Mechanistically, TUG1 sponged miR-132-3p and upregulated HDAC3, which reduced the acetylation of H3K9 and epigenetically inhibited expressions of antioxidative genes, including Bcl-xL, Prdx2, and Hsp70. The TUG1/miR-132-3p/HDAC3 axis critically regulates ROS production and the pathogenic development of AMI. Targeting TUG1, upregulating miR-132-3p, or inhibiting HDAC3 may benefit AMI treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) significantly contributed to the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Recent studies suggest that hypoxia upregulated the long noncoding RNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the present study, we reported for the first time that H2O2 or ischemia-reperfusion-induced TUG1, by sponging microRNA 132-3p, activated histone deacetylase 3, which in turn targeted multiple protective genes, stimulated intracellular ROS accumulation, and aggravated the injury of AMI. Our findings might provide some insight to seek new targets for AMI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Su
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Nanning City, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xiang-Wei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Ri-Xin Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Xi-Heng Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Bing-Hui Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
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Yu J, Wang W, Wang J, Wang C, Li C. Short-term toxicity of dibutyl phthalate to mice intestinal tissue. Toxicol Ind Health 2018; 35:20-31. [PMID: 30453839 DOI: 10.1177/0748233718807303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate changes in intestinal histopathology and expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in the small intestinal tissue of mouse after acute exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Forty-eight 60-day-old Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were administered DBP by gavage once a day for 10 days. The mice were divided into three groups of 16 mice each: the high-dose group was administered 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) DBP; the low-dose group was administered 50 mg/kg BW; and the control group was not administered DBP. Significant increases in the uterine index, ovary index, and testicular index were observed in the DBP-exposed groups compared to those in the control group. Villus height and V/ C ratio significantly increased ( p < 0.05) in the duodenum and decreased ( p < 0.05) in the jejunum after the administration of DBP. The goblet cell number decreased in both the duodenum and the jejunum of mice exposed to DBP ( p < 0.05) compared to the number in the control group mice. Damage to the structure of the small intestine was accompanied by a marked increase in HSP27 expression and a decrease in the expression of HSP70 and HSP90 in both high-dose and low-dose groups. These results indicate that elevated HSP27 levels in the duodenum and jejunum may be important markers for acute DBP exposure and that HSP27 may act as a protective protein involved in intestinal mucosa repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimian Yu
- 1 Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Wei Wang
- 2 College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- 3 Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo, China
| | - Chun Wang
- 3 Ningbo Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Ningbo, China
| | - Caiyan Li
- 2 College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China
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Liang MT, Li GC, Zhu H, Gong Q, Dong KL, Long C, Li YY, Sayrash J. Effect of acupuncture on hippocampal mitochondrial proteome expression in SAMP8 mouse model with Alzheimer disease. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-018-1026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pan S, Zhang T, Rong Z, Hu L, Gu Z, Wu Q, Dong S, Liu Q, Lin Z, Deutschova L, Li X, Dixon A, Bruford MW, Zhan X. Population transcriptomes reveal synergistic responses of DNA polymorphism and RNA expression to extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in a predatory bird. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:2993-3010. [PMID: 28277617 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen and temperature pose key physiological challenges for endotherms living on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Molecular adaptations to high-altitude living have been detected in the genomes of Tibetans, their domesticated animals and a few wild species, but the contribution of transcriptional variation to altitudinal adaptation remains to be determined. Here we studied a top QTP predator, the saker falcon, and analysed how the transcriptome has become modified to cope with the stresses of hypoxia and hypothermia. Using a hierarchical design to study saker populations inhabiting grassland, steppe/desert and highland across Eurasia, we found that the QTP population is already distinct despite having colonized the Plateau <2000 years ago. Selection signals are limited at the cDNA level, but of only seventeen genes identified, three function in hypoxia and four in immune response. Our results show a significant role for RNA transcription: 50% of upregulated transcription factors were related to hypoxia responses, differentiated modules were significantly enriched for oxygen transport, and importantly, divergent EPAS1 functional variants with a refined co-expression network were identified. Conservative gene expression and relaxed immune gene variation may further reflect adaptation to hypothermia. Our results exemplify synergistic responses between DNA polymorphism and RNA expression diversity in coping with common stresses, underpinning the successful rapid colonization of a top predator onto the QTP. Importantly, molecular mechanisms underpinning highland adaptation involve relatively few genes, but are nonetheless more complex than previously thought and involve fine-tuned transcriptional responses and genomic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity Research, Cardiff University, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810008, China
| | | | - Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Zhongru Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Shanshan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology & MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenzhen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lucia Deutschova
- Raptor Protection of Slovakia, Kuklovská 5, SK-841 04, Bratislava 4, Slovakia
| | - Xinhai Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Andrew Dixon
- Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity Research, Cardiff University, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,International Wildlife Consultants Ltd., PO Box 19, Carmarthen, SA33 5YL, UK.,Environment Agency-Abu Dhabi, PO Box 45553, Al Mamoura Building (A), Muroor Road, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael W Bruford
- Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity Research, Cardiff University, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,Organisms and Environment Division, Cardiff School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Xiangjiang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity Research, Cardiff University, Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101, China
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7
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Arnal ME, Lallès JP. Gut epithelial inducible heat-shock proteins and their modulation by diet and the microbiota. Nutr Rev 2016; 74:181-97. [PMID: 26883882 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemic of metabolic diseases has raised questions about the interplay between the human diet and the gut and its microbiota. The gut has two vital roles: nutrient absorption and intestinal barrier function. Gut barrier defects are involved in many diseases. Excess energy intake disturbs the gut microbiota and favors body entry of microbial compounds that stimulate chronic metabolic inflammation. In this context, the natural defense mechanisms of gut epithelial cells and the potential to boost them nutritionally warrant further study. One such important defense system is the activation of inducible heat-shock proteins (iHSPs) which protect the gut epithelium against oxidative stress and inflammation. Importantly, various microbial components can induce the expression of iHSPs. This review examines gut epithelial iHSPs as the main targets of microbial signals and nutrients and presents data on diseases involving disturbances of gut epithelial iHSPs. In addition, a broad literature analysis of dietary modulation of gut epithelial iHSPs is provided. Future research aims should include the identification of gut microbes that can optimize gut-protective iHSPs and the evaluation of iHSP-mediated health benefits of nutrients and food components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Edith Arnal
- M.E. Arnal and J.P. Lallès are with the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Nutrition Division, Clermont-Ferrand, France. J.P. Lallès is with the Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Paul Lallès
- M.E. Arnal and J.P. Lallès are with the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Nutrition Division, Clermont-Ferrand, France. J.P. Lallès is with the Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest, Nantes, France.
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8
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Qu B, Jia Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Ren G, Wang H. The detection and role of heat shock protein 70 in various nondisease conditions and disease conditions: a literature review. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:885-92. [PMID: 26139132 PMCID: PMC4595429 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
As an intracellular polypeptide, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) can be exposed on the plasma membrane and/or released into the circulation. However, the role of HSP70 in various nondisease and disease conditions remains unknown. Quantitative methods for the detection of HSP70 have been used in clinical studies, revealing that an increase in circulating HSP70 is associated with various types of exercise, elderly patients presenting with inflammation, mobile phones, inflammation, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, carotid intima-media thickness, glutamine-treated ill patients, mortality, diabetes mellitus, active chronic glomerulonephritis, and cancers. Circulating HSP70 decreases with age in humans and in obstructive sleep apnea, arteriosclerosis, atrial fibrillation (AF) following coronary artery bypass surgery, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, moderate-to-severe alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, and Helicobacter pylori infection. In conclusion, quantitative methods can be used to detect HSP70, particularly in determining circulating HSP70 levels, using more convenient and rapid screening methods. Studies have shown that changes in HSP70 are associated with various nondisease and disease conditions; thus, HSP70 might be a novel potential biomarker reflecting various nondisease conditions and also the severity of disease conditions. However, the reliability and accuracy, as well as the underlying mechanism, of this relationship remain poorly understood, and large-sample clinical research must be performed to verify the role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoge Qu
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiguo Jia
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxun Liu
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangying Ren
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Internal Medicine, Taishan Hospital, No. 3 Tianwaicun Street, Taian City, Shandong, 271000, People's Republic of China
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Liao Y, Feng J, Yi Q, Cui H, He L, Tang L. A siRNA system based on HSP70 promoter results in controllable and powerful gene silencing by heat-induction. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1289-97. [PMID: 23853065 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNAi is a powerful tool for gene-specific knockdown and gene therapy. However, the imprecise expression of siRNA limits the extensive application of RNAi in gene therapy. Here we report the development of a novel controllable siRNA expression vector pMHSP70psil that is initiated by HSP70 promoter. We determined the efficiency of the controllable siRNA system by targeting the gama-synuclein (SNCG) gene in breast cancer cells MCF-7. The results show that the controllable siRNA system can be induced to initiate siRNA expression by heat-induction. The silencing effect of SNCG occurs at a relatively low level (10.1%) at 37°C, while it is significantly increased to 69.4% after heat induction at 43°C. The results also show that the controllable siRNA system inhibits proliferation of cancer cells by heat-shock. Therefore, this RNAi strategy holds the promise of the high efficiency in gene knockdown at targeted times and locations, avoiding systemic side effects. It provides, for the first time, an approach to control siRNA expression by heat-shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
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10
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Nowak G, Soundararajan S, Mestril R. Protein kinase C-α interaction with iHSP70 in mitochondria promotes recovery of mitochondrial function after injury in renal proximal tubular cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2013; 305:F764-76. [PMID: 23804450 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00061.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the role of PKC-α and associated inducible heat shock protein 70 (iHSP70) in the repair of mitochondrial function in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) after oxidant injury. Wild-type PKC-α (wtPKC-α) and an inactive PKC-α [dominant negative dn; PKC-α] mutant were overexpressed in primary cultures of RPTCs, and iHSP70 levels and RPTC regeneration were assessed after treatment with the oxidant tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP). TBHP exposure increased ROS production and induced RPTC death, which was prevented by ferrostatin and necrostatin-1 but not by cyclosporin A. Overexpression of wtPKC-α maintained mitochondrial levels of active PKC-α, reduced cell death, and accelerated proliferation without altering ROS production in TBHP-injured RPTCs. In contrast, dnPKC-α blocked proliferation and monolayer regeneration. Coimmunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis demonstrated an association between inactive, but not active, PKC-α and iHSP70 in mitochondria. Mitochondrial iHSP70 levels increased as levels of active PKC-α decreased after injury. Overexpression of dnPKC-α augmented, whereas overexpression of wtPKC-α abrogated, oxidant-induced increases in mitochondrial iHSP70 levels. iHSP70 overexpression (1) maintained mitochondrial levels of phosphorylated PKC-α, (2) improved the recovery of state 3 respiration and ATP content, (3) decreased RPTC death (an effect abrogated by cyclosporine A), and (4) accelerated proliferation after oxidant injury. In contrast, iHSP70 inhibition blocked the recovery of ATP content and exacerbated RPTC death. Inhibition of PKC-α in RPTC overexpressing iHSP70 blocked the protective effects of iHSP70. We conclude that active PKC-α maintains mitochondrial function and decreases cell death after oxidant injury. iHSP70 is recruited to mitochondria in response to PKC-α dephosphorylation and associates with and reactivates inactive PKC-α, which promotes the recovery of mitochondrial function, decreases RPTC death, and improves regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazyna Nowak
- Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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11
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Li W, Qiu X, Wang J, Li H, Sun Y, Zhang F, Jin H, Fu J, Xia Z. The therapeutic efficacy of glutamine for rats with smoking inhalation injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:248-53. [PMID: 23499678 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Smoke inhalation injury represents a major cause of mortality in burn patients and is associated with a high incidence of pulmonary complications. Glutamine (GLN) is considered a conditionally essential amino acid during critical illness and injury. However, whether GLN could attenuate lung injury caused by smoke inhalation is still unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether GLN has a beneficial effect on smoke inhalation induced lung injury. In our present work, rats were equally randomized into three groups: Sham group (ambient air inhalation plus GLN treatment), Control group (smoke inhalation plus physiological saline) and GLN treatment group (smoke inhalation injury plus GLN treatment). At sampling, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was performed to determine total protein concentration and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Lung tissues were collected for wet/dry ratio, histopathology, hydroxyproline and Western blotting measurement. Our results exhibited that GLN attenuated the lung histopathological alterations, improved pulmonary oxygenation, and mitigated pulmonary edema. At 28days post-injury, GLN mitigated smoke inhalation-induced excessive collagen deposition as evidence by Masson-Goldner trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content. GLN mitigated smoke inhalation-induced lung inflammatory response, and further prevented the activity of NF-kappa-B. More importantly, results from Western blotting and Immunohistochemistry exhibited that GLN enhanced the expression of HSF-1, HSP-70 and HO-1 in lung tissues. Our data demonstrated that GLN protected rats against smoke inhalation-induced lung injury and its protective mechanism seems to involve in inhibition inflammatory response and enhancing HSP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuquan Li
- Burn Center, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Yu R, Huang Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y. Potential role of neurogenic inflammatory factors in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. J Cutan Med Surg 2012; 16:230-44. [PMID: 22784515 DOI: 10.1177/120347541201600404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo is a highly complex multifactorial condition of the skin that has an unclear mechanism of pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE This review summarizes the role of various neurogenic inflammatory factors significantly upregulated in vitiligo. METHODS A literature review was conducted of all pertinent data regarding neuropeptides that are altered in vitiligo and their possible role in the destruction of melanocytes. RESULTS The close associations between the skin, immune system, and nervous system, along with specific changes demonstrated in vitiligo patients, support a pathogenic mechanism of vitiligo that involves neuroimmunologic factors, the release of which can be governed by mental stress. CONCLUSION Neuropeptides and nerve growth factors are critical regulators of emotional response and may precipitate the onset and development of vitiligo in certain predisposed individuals. More studies are required to investigate whether a direct link exists between genetics, mental stress, and neurogenic factors in vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Yu
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory and Chieng Genomics Centre, Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
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