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Zhang J, Ma Y. Luteolin as a potential therapeutic candidate for lung cancer: Emerging preclinical evidence. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116909. [PMID: 38852513 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor and a leading cause of cancer-related fatalities globally. However, current treatments all have limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify a readily available therapeutic agent to counteract lung cancer development and progression. Luteolin is a flavonoid derived from vegetables and herbs that possesses preventive and therapeutic effects on various cancers. With the goal of providing new directions for the treatment of lung cancer, we review here the recent findings on luteolin so as to provide new ideas for the development of new anti-lung cancer drugs. The search focused on studies published between January 1995 and January 2024 that explored the use of luteolin in lung cancer. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the SCOPUS, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases using the keywords "luteolin" and "lung cancer." By collecting previous literature, we found that luteolin has multiple mechanisms of therapeutic effects, including promotion of apoptosis in lung cancer cells; inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis; and modulation of immune responses. In addition, it can be used as an adjuvant to radio-chemotherapy and helps to ameliorate cancer complications. This review summarizes the structure, natural sources, physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of luteolin, and focuses on the anti-lung cancer mechanism of luteolin, so as to provide new ideas for the development of new anti-lung cancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Yue Ma
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China.
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2
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Li J, Li H, Wang K, Chou H. Evaluation of decellularized caprine small intestine submucosa encapsulated with nano-formulations of cerium oxide and curcumin in the management of burn wound. Regen Ther 2024; 26:578-589. [PMID: 39239474 PMCID: PMC11375250 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The management of burn injuries presents a significant challenge in clinical settings, yet an optimal solution remains elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a topical therapeutic formulation to address the complex issues hindering burn wound healing. Emphasizing the sustained presence of bioactive principles, we synthesized a bioactive gel derived from decellularized caprine small intestine submucosa (D-CIS) and encapsulated it with nano-formulations of cerium oxide and curcumin to create a burn wound dressing material with enhanced properties. The choice of encapsulated components was guided by their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immune-modulating characteristics, along with their inherent ability to gradually release bioactive substances. The encapsulated (cerium oxide and curcumin) D-CIS bioactive gel demonstrated a range of properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, along with sustained release kinetics of bioactive molecules. These combined effects facilitated accelerated burn wound healing by mitigating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and promoting cell recruitment for epithelial and vascular regeneration. This study contributes to the development of a novel bioactive gel incorporating cerium oxide and curcumin, offering a promising approach to enhance burn wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Kaikai Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Haiyan Chou
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
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3
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M. E. Elkhalifa A, Ali SI, Nabi SU, Bashir I, Taifa S, Rakhshan R, Shah IH, Mir MA, Malik M, Ramzan Z, Nazar M, Bashir N, Ahad S, Khursheed I, Elamin E, Bazie EA, Alzerwi NA, Rayzah M, Idrees B, Rayzah F, Baksh Y, Alsultan A, Alzahrani AM. Modulation of immune cum inflammatory pathway by earthworm granulation tissue extract in wound healing of diabetic rabbit model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24909. [PMID: 38333811 PMCID: PMC10850419 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration is a rare occurrence in the animal kingdom, but the earthworm stands out as a remarkable example of this phenomenon. Recent research has highlighted the promising wound healing properties of extracts derived from earthworms. Therefore, we propose that earthworm granulation tissue extract (EGTE) may facilitate wound healing by regulating immune responses in a rabbit diabetic wound model. Electron microscopy reveals that 70 % EGTE possesses noteworthy porosity with spherical to irregularly oval configuration. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) Characterization of EGTE revealed higher levels of ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3-ol, (3. beta.,22E). In-Vitro studies revealed significant anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties in dose dependent manner. Likewise, cytotoxicity assessments reveal that 70 % EGTE exhibits minimal harm to cells while displaying substantial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. For In-Vivo studies excision wounds were created on the dorsal regions of the experimental animals and were divided as Group I (50 % EGTE), Group II (70 % EGTE), Group III (vehicle) and Group IV (distilled water). Over a 21-day observation period 70 % EGTE facilitated the early healing of wounds in the experimental animals, evident through prompt wound closure, granulation tissue formation, increased DNA content, enhanced tensile strength of the wound area and enhanced the expression/synthesis of wound healing markers/proteins. From these results it can be postulated that EGTE accelerates wound healing by immune modulation, dampening of inflammatory pathway and enhanced expression of growth markers. Henceforth making it promising candidate for therapeutic use in diabetic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, 11673, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Imran Bashir
- Department of Sheep Husbandry, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Syed Taifa
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Rabia Rakhshan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Iqra Hussain Shah
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Mir
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Masood Malik
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Zahid Ramzan
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Mehak Nazar
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Nusrat Bashir
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Shubeena Ahad
- Preclinical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST-Kashmir), Srinagar, J&K, 190006, India
| | - Ibraq Khursheed
- Department of Zoology, Central University of Kashmir, 191201, Nunar, Ganderbal, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Elham Elamin
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Elsharif A. Bazie
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of El Imam El Mahdi, Kosti, 1158, Sudan
| | - Nasser A.N. Alzerwi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, P. O. Box 66, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaed Rayzah
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, P. O. Box 66, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Idrees
- Department of Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City in Riyadh, Makkah Al Mukarramah Rd, As Sulimaniyah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares Rayzah
- Department of Surgery, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Baksh
- Department of Surgery, Al-Iman General Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Alsultan
- Department of Surgery, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Alzahrani
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, P. O. Box 66, Al-Majmaah, 11952, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wahi A, Jain P, Sinhari A, Jadhav HR. Progress in discovery and development of natural inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) as anti-cancer agents. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:675-702. [PMID: 37615708 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The study of epigenetic translational modifications had drawn great interest for the last few decades. These processes play a vital role in many diseases and cancer is one of them. Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are key enzymes involved in the acetylation and deacetylation of histones and ultimately in post-translational modifications. Cancer frequently exhibits epigenetic changes, particularly disruption in the expression and activity of HDACs. It includes the capacity to regulate proliferative signalling, circumvent growth inhibitors, escape cell death, enable replicative immortality, promote angiogenesis, stimulate invasion and metastasis, prevent immunological destruction, and genomic instability. The majority of tumours develop and spread as a result of HDAC dysregulation. As a result, HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) were developed, and they today stand as a very promising therapeutic approach. One of the most well-known and efficient therapies for practically all cancer types is chemotherapy. However, the efficiency and safety of treatment are constrained by higher toxicity. The same has been observed with the synthetic HDACi. Natural products, owing to many advantages over synthetic compounds for cancer treatment have always been a choice for therapy. Hence, naturally available molecules are of particular interest for HDAC inhibition and HDAC has drawn the attention of the research fraternity due to their potential to offer a diverse array of chemical structures and bioactive compounds. This diversity opens up new avenues for exploring less toxic HDAC inhibitors to reduce side effects associated with conventional synthetic inhibitors. The review presents comprehensive details on natural product HDACi, their mechanism of action and their biological effects. Moreover, this review provides a brief discussion on the structure activity relationship of selected natural HDAC inhibitors and their analogues which can guide future research to discover selective, more potent HDACi with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Wahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Priti Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, DPSRU, New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Apurba Sinhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan, 333031, India
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5
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Upadhyay PK, Singh S, Vishwakarma VK. Natural Polyphenols in Cancer Management: Promising Role, Mechanisms, and Chemistry. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:694-712. [PMID: 37608669 DOI: 10.2174/1389201024666230822090318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although cancers emerge rapidly and cancer cells divide aggressively, which affects our vital organ systems. Recently, cancer treatments are targeted immune systems mediating intrinsic cellular mechanisms. Natural efficacious polyphenols have been exhibited to help prevent most cancers and reverse the progression of cancers. METHODS Many resources have been used to know the promising role of polyphenols in preventing and treating cancers. The electronic databases include Science Direct, Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The search was limited to the English language only. RESULTS Polyphenols have been reported as anti-metastatic agents that explore the promising role of these compounds in cancer prevention. Such agents act through many signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt and TNF-induced signaling pathways. The chemical modifications of polyphenols and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) between polyphenols and anticancer activities have also been discussed. CONCLUSION Many research papers were reported to explain the anti-cancer potential of Polyphenols, The SARs between polyphenols and anti-cancer activities, which correlate structures of polyphenols with significant chemotherapeutic action. The mechanism of anti-cancer potential is to be added for searching for new anti-cancer natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonia Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Li M, Yu H, Li Y, Li X, Huang S, Liu X, Weng G, Xu L, Hou T, Guo DS, Wang Y. Rational design of supramolecular self-assembly sensor for living cell imaging of HDAC1 and its application in high-throughput screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115716. [PMID: 37820557 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry offers new insights in bioimaging, but specific tracking of enzyme in living cells via supramolecular host-guest reporter pair remains challenging, largely due to the interference caused by the complex cellular environment on the binding between analytes and hosts. Here, by exploiting the principle of supramolecular tandem assay (STA) and the classic host-guest reporter pair (p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A) and lucigenin (LCG)) and rationally designing artificial peptide library to screen sequence with high affinity of the target enzyme, we developed a "turn-on" fluorescent sensing system for intracellular imaging of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), which is a potential therapeutic target for various diseases, including cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. Based on computational simulations and experimental validations, we verified that the deacetylated peptide by HDAC1 competed LCG, freeing it from the SC4A causing fluorescence increase. Enzyme kinetics experiments were further conducted to prove that this assay could detect HDAC1 specifically with high sensitivity (the LOD value is 0.015 μg/mL, ten times lower than the published method). This system was further applied for high-throughput screening of HDAC1 inhibitors over a natural compound library containing 147 compounds, resulting in the identification of a novel HDAC1 down-regulator (Ginsenoside RK3). Our results demonstrated the sensitivity and robustness of the assay system towards HDAC1. It should serve as a valuable tool for biochemical studies and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huijuan Yu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yiran Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road 487372, Singapore
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road 487372, Singapore
| | - Gaoqi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Tingjun Hou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Future Health Laboratory Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314100, China.
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7
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Rajaselvi ND, Jida MD, Ajeeshkumar KK, Nair SN, John P, Aziz Z, Nisha AR. Antineoplastic activity of plant-derived compounds mediated through inhibition of histone deacetylase: a review. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1803-1817. [PMID: 37389730 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
In the combat of treating cancer recent therapeutic approaches are focused towards enzymatic targets as they occupy a pivotal participation in the cascade of oncogenesis and malignancy. There are several enzymes that modulate the epigenetic pathways and chromatin structure related to cancer mutation. Among several epigenetic mechanisms such as methylation, phosphorylation, and sumoylation, acetylation status of histones is crucial and is governed by counteracting enzymes like histone acetyl transferase (HAT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) which have contradictory effects on the histone acetylation. HDAC inhibition induces chromatin relaxation which forms euchromatin and thereby initiates the expression of certain transcription factors attributed with apoptosis, which are mostly correlated with the expression of the p21 gene and acetylation of H3 and H4 histones. Most of the synthetic and natural HDAC inhibitors elicit antineoplastic effect through activation of various apoptotic pathways and promoting cell cycle arrest at various phases. Due to their promising chemo preventive action and low cytotoxicity against normal host cells, bioactive substances like flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenolic compounds from plants have recently gained importance. Even though all bioactive compounds mentioned have an HDAC inhibitory action, some of them have a direct effect and others enhance the effects of the standard well known HDAC inhibitors. In this review, the action of plant derived compounds against histone deacetylases in a variety of in vitro cancer cell lines and in vivo animal models are articulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Divya Rajaselvi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India
| | - M D Jida
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India
| | - K K Ajeeshkumar
- Tumor Biology Lab, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Suresh N Nair
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India
| | - Preethy John
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, 673 576, India
| | - Zarina Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India
| | - A R Nisha
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, 680 651, India.
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8
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Drakontaeidi A, Pontiki E. A Review on Molecular Docking on HDAC Isoforms: Novel Tool for Designing Selective Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1639. [PMID: 38139766 PMCID: PMC10746130 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into histone deacetylases (HDACs) has experienced a remarkable surge in recent years. These enzymes are key regulators of several fundamental biological processes, often associated with severe and potentially fatal diseases. Inhibition of their activity represents a promising therapeutic approach and a prospective strategy for the development of new therapeutic agents. A critical aspect of their inhibition is to achieve selectivity in terms of enzyme isoforms, which is essential to improve treatment efficacy while reducing undesirable pleiotropic effects. The development of computational chemistry tools, particularly molecular docking, is greatly enhancing the precision of designing molecules with inherent potential for specific activity. Therefore, it was considered necessary to review the molecular docking studies conducted on the major isozymes of the enzyme in order to identify the specific interactions associated with each selective HDAC inhibitor. In particular, the most critical isozymes of HDAC (1, 2, 3, 6, and 8) have been thoroughly investigated within the scope of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Raina R, Hussain A, Almutary AG, Haque S, Raza T, D’Souza AC, Subramani S, Sajeevan A. Co-administration of Chrysin and Luteolin with Cisplatin and Topotecan Exhibits a Variable Therapeutic Value in Human Cancer Cells, HeLa. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41204-41213. [PMID: 37970041 PMCID: PMC10633856 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Combinational treatment is a promising strategy for better cancer treatment outcomes. Chrysin and luteolin have demonstrated effective anticancer activity. Cisplatin and topotecan are commonly used for the treatment of human cancers. However, various side effects including drug resistance are an imperative restriction to use them as pharmacological therapy. Therefore, the aim was to use these agents in combination with flavones for better efficacy. In the present study, it was found that the combination of chrysin and cisplatin and luteolin and cisplatin significantly improved the anticancer effect as both the combinations showed synergistic interactions [combinational index (CI < 1)]. Remarkably, the combination of chrysin and luteolin with topotecan depicted the antagonistic interaction (CI > 1). Further, increased expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase 8 and the inhibition of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 were instituted in the synergistic doses (chrysin + cisplatin and luteolin + cisplatin), hence promoting apoptosis. Also, it was found that the synergistic combination inhibited the migration of HeLa cells by downregulation of metalloproteases and upregulation of TIMPs. However, there are no significant changes depicted in the antagonistic combinations which support their role in their antagonistic effects. Based on these results, it can be inferred that the two or more drug combinations need to be explored well for their interaction to enhance the therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raina
- School
of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher
of Education, Academic City 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School
of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher
of Education, Academic City 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulmajeed G. Almutary
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Khalifa
City, Abu Dhabi 51072, United Arab Emirates
- Department
of Medical Biotechnology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research
and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health
Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tasleem Raza
- Department
of Biochemistry, Era’s Lucknow Medical
College and Hospital, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Ashley Cletus D’Souza
- School
of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher
of Education, Academic City 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sachin Subramani
- School
of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher
of Education, Academic City 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Akash Sajeevan
- School
of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher
of Education, Academic City 345050, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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10
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Abdellatif AAH, Alsharidah M. Evaluation of the anticancer activity of Origanum Marjoram as a safe natural drink for daily use. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:572-579. [PMID: 37688795 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2257796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapeutic agents have numerous side effects. There is a major interest in using natural and safe plants as food or drink to prevent from cancer. Origanum marjoram (OMAE) is a medicinal plant that can be used as a tea, food, and additive in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the potential anticancer effects of OMAE as a soft drink for daily use against a model cancer, prevention and treatment. METHOD MCF-7 cells were chosen as model cancer cells. The MTT assay was used to assess the in vitro inhibitory effects of OMAE on cell growth. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect specific genes associated with cancer, such as ESR1, Bax, Bcl-2, and p53. Furthermore, the DNA damage was evaluated using the comet assay. RESULTS OMAE has IC50 of 53.1 and IC90 of 97.5 μg/ml dependent inhibition of cell proliferation after 48 h of treatment toward MCF-7. Also, a significant decrease in the expression level of the ESR1 gene in the MCF-7 cell line. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the comet length and comet-positive cells after treatment with OMAE (88.7%) compared with those in the untreated control cells (9.5%), suggesting a high induction of DNA damage by OMAE. Also, OMAE showed a modification in bcl-2, tumor suppressor gene (p53), and Bax levels and influenced the BAX/BCL-2 ratio via releasing the cytochrome C. CONCLUSION The results of the study were promising, suggesting that the reduced apoptotic rate of MCF-7 breast cancer cells in this work was correlated to the potential anticancer effect of OMAE which would be a suitable preventable drink against cancer. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the potential of OMAE as a cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A H Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Al Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mansour Alsharidah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Goel H, Kumar R, Tanwar P, Upadhyay TK, Khan F, Pandey P, Kang S, Moon M, Choi J, Choi M, Park MN, Kim B, Saeed M. Unraveling the therapeutic potential of natural products in the prevention and treatment of leukemia. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114351. [PMID: 36736284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies distinguished by differentiation blockage and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid or lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). There are various types of leukemia in which intensive chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are now the most common treatments associated with severe side effects and multi-drug resistance in leukemia cells. Therefore, it is crucial to develop novel therapeutic approaches with adequate therapeutic efficacy and selectively eliminate leukemic cells to improve the consequences of leukemia. Medicinal plants have been utilized for ages to treat multiple disorders due to their diverse bioactive compounds. Plant-derived products have been used as therapeutic medication to prevent and treat many types of cancer. Over the last two decades, 50 % of all anticancer drugs approved worldwide are from natural products and their derivatives. Therefore this study aims to review natural products such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, nitrogen-containing, and organosulfur compounds as antileukemic agents. Current investigations have identified natural products efficiently destroy leukemia cells through diverse mechanisms of action by inhibiting proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, inducing cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in both in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. Current investigations have identified natural products as suitable promising chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agents. It played an essential role in drug development and emerged as a possible source of biologically active metabolites for therapeutic interventions, especially in leukemia. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Goel
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Department of Laboratory Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 11023, India.
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Centre of Research for Development, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India,.
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India.
| | - Sojin Kang
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Myunghan Moon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jinwon Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Choi
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 05253, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohd Saeed
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, P.O. Box 2440, Hail 81411 Saudi Arabia.
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12
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Belaiba M, Aldulaijan S, Messaoudi S, Abedrabba M, Dhouib A, Bouajila J. Evaluation of Biological Activities of Twenty Flavones and In Silico Docking Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062419. [PMID: 36985391 PMCID: PMC10052652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to evaluate the biological activities of 20 flavones (M1 to M20) and discuss their structure–activity relationships. In vitro assays were established to assess their numerous biological activities (anti-α-amylase, anti-acetylcholinesterase, anti-xanthine oxidase, anti-superoxide dismutase, and anticancer cell lines (HCT-116, MCF7, OVCAR-3, IGROV-1, and SKOV-3 cells lines)). An in silico docking study was also established in order to find the relationship between the chemical structure and the biological activities. In vitro tests revealed that M5 and M13 were the most active in terms of anti-α-amylase activity (IC50 = 1.2 and 1.4 µM, respectively). M17 was an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and performed better than the reference (allopurinol), at IC50 = 0.9 µM. M7 presented interesting anti-inflammatory (IC50 = 38.5 µM), anti-supriode dismutase (anti-SOD) (IC50 = 31.5 µM), and anti-acetylcholinesterase (IC50 = 10.2 µM) activities. Those abilities were in concordance with its high scavenging activity in antioxidant ABTS and DPPH assays, at IC50 = 6.3 and 5.2 µM, respectively. Selectivity was detected regarding cytotoxic activity for those flavones. M1 (IC50 = 35.9 µM) was a specific inhibitor to the MCF7 cancer cell lines. M3 (IC50 = 44.7 µM) and M15 (IC50 = 45.6 µM) were particularly potent for the OVCAR-3 cell line. M14 (IC50 = 4.6 µM) contributed more clearly to inhibiting the colon cancer cell line (HCT116). M7 (IC50 = 15.6 µM) was especially active against the ovarian SKOV human cancer cell line. The results of the biological activities were supported by means of in silico molecular docking calculations. This investigation analyzed the contribution of the structure–activity of natural flavones in terms of their biological properties, which is important for their future application against diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Belaiba
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Molécules et Applications, Université Tunis Carthage, IPEST, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
| | - Sarah Aldulaijan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabri Messaoudi
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Molécules et Applications, Université Tunis Carthage, IPEST, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manef Abedrabba
- Laboratoire des Matériaux Molécules et Applications, Université Tunis Carthage, IPEST, La Marsa 2070, Tunisia
| | - Adnene Dhouib
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jalloul Bouajila
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INP, UPS, F-31062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +33-562256885
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13
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Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting and cancer chemotherapeutic properties of comestible flavonoids- a comprehensive update. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109147. [PMID: 36049673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder or genetic inheritance. People throughout the world are strongly dependent on ethnomedicine for the treatment of gout and some receive satisfactory curative treatment. The natural remedies as well as established drugs derived from natural sources or synthetically made exert their action by mechanisms that are closely associated with anticancer treatment mechanisms regarding inhibition of xanthine oxidase, feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis, depolymerization and disappearance of microtubule, inhibition of NF-ĸB activation, induction of TRAIL, promotion of apoptosis, and caspase activation and proteasome inhibition. Some anti-gout and anticancer novel compounds interact with same receptors for their action, e.g., colchicine and colchicine analogues. Dietary flavonoids, i.e., chrysin, kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin, pelargonidin, apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, phloretinetc etc. have comparable IC50 values with established anti-gout drug and effective against both cancer and gout. Moreover, a noticeable number of newer anticancer compounds have already been isolated from plants that have been using by local traditional healers and herbal practitioners to treat gout. Therefore, the anti-gout plants might have greater potentiality to become selective candidates for screening of newer anticancer leads.
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Mechchate H, de Castro Alves CE, Es-safi I, Amaghnouje A, Jawhari FZ, Costa de Oliveira R, de Freitas Gomes A, Conte R, Soares Pontes G, Bousta D, Grafov A. Antileukemic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Healing Activities Induced by a Polyphenol-Enriched Fraction Extracted from Leaves of Myrtus communis L. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235055. [PMID: 36501085 PMCID: PMC9740279 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have offered a number of exciting approaches in cancer treatment over the years. In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of the polyphenol-enriched fraction extracted from Myrtus communis (PEMC) on acute and chronic leukemia. According to the UHPLC-MSn, the fraction is rich in flavonoids. Protective activity of the PEMC was assessed by evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and hemolysis potential in a series of in vivo and in vitro assays, while the therapeutic approach consisted of the evaluation of cytotoxic activity of the PEMC against HL60 and K562 leukemia cell lines. Safety of the fraction was also evaluated on a non-cancerous Vero cell line and by an acute toxicity test performed in mice. The PEMC demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory and healing potential. The activities found at the dose of 100 mg/kg were better than those observed using a reference drug. The PEMC demonstrated a significant antioxidant effect and a specific cytotoxicity towards HL60 (IC50 = 19.87 µM) and K562 (IC50 = 29.64 µM) cell lines being non-toxic to the Vero cell line. No hemolytic activity was observed in vitro and no toxicity effect was found in mice. Thus, the PEMC has a pharmacological potential as both preventive and therapeutic agent. However, further research is necessary to propose its mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Mechchate
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Castro Alves
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil
| | - Imane Es-safi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
| | - Amal Amaghnouje
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zahra Jawhari
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
| | - Regiane Costa de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazonas, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil
| | - Alice de Freitas Gomes
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazonas, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Raffaele Conte
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)—CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gemilson Soares Pontes
- Post-Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus 69077-000, AM, Brazil
- Post-Graduate Program in Hematology, The State University of Amazonas, Foundation of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amazonas, Manaus 69050-010, AM, Brazil
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus 69067-375, AM, Brazil
| | - Dalila Bousta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agrifood, and Health, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah (USMBA), Fez B.P. 1796, Morocco
| | - Andriy Grafov
- Materials Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, A.I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
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15
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Lu M, Lan X, Wu X, Fang X, Zhang Y, Luo H, Gao W, Wu D. Salvia miltiorrhiza in cancer: Potential role in regulating MicroRNAs and epigenetic enzymes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1008222. [PMID: 36172186 PMCID: PMC9512245 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1008222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that play important roles in gene regulation by influencing the translation and longevity of various target mRNAs and the expression of various target genes as well as by modifying histones and DNA methylation of promoter sites. Consequently, when dysregulated, microRNAs are involved in the development and progression of a variety of diseases, including cancer, by affecting cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. Preparations from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (Lamiaceae), also known as red sage or danshen, are widely used for treating cardiovascular diseases. Accumulating data suggest that certain bioactive constituents of this plant, particularly tanshinones, have broad antitumor effects by interfering with microRNAs and epigenetic enzymes. This paper reviews the evidence for the antineoplastic activities of S. miltiorrhiza constituents by causing or promoting cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, autophagy, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and epigenetic changes to provide an outlook on their future roles in the treatment of cancer, both alone and in combination with other modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xintian Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoxue Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yegang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haoming Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Donglu Wu,
| | - Donglu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- School of Clinical Medical, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Wenyi Gao, ; Donglu Wu,
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16
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Chen L, Chang S, Zhao L, Li B, Zhang S, Yun C, Wu X, Meng J, Li G, Guo S, Duan J. Biosynthesis of a water solubility-enhanced succinyl glucoside derivative of luteolin and its neuroprotective effect. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:2401-2410. [PMID: 35730125 PMCID: PMC9437877 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural flavonoids luteolin and luteoloside have anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-tumour, hypolipidemic, cholesterol lowering and neuroprotective effects, but their poor water solubility limits their application in industrial production and the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, luteolin-7-O-β-(6″-O-succinyl)-d-glucoside, a new compound that was prepared by succinyl glycosylation of luteolin by the organic solvent tolerant bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FJ18 in an 8.0% DMSO (v/v) system, was obtained and identified. Its greater water solubility (2293 times that of luteolin and 12 232 times that of luteoloside) provides the solution to the application problems of luteolin and luteoloside. The conversion rate of luteolin (1.0 g l-1 ) was almost 100% at 24 h, while the yield of luteolin-7-O-β-(6″-O-succinyl)-d-glucoside reached 76.2%. In experiments involving the oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation injury model of mouse hippocampal neuron cells, the cell viability was significantly improved with luteolin-7-O-β-(6″-O-succinyl)-d-glucoside dosing, and the expressions of the anti-oxidant enzyme HO-1 in the nucleus increased, providing a neuroprotective effect for ischemic cerebral cells. The availability of biosynthetic luteolin-7-O-β-(6″-O-succinyl)-d-glucoside, which is expected to replace luteolin and luteoloside, would effectively expand the clinical application value of luteolin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Chang
- College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing, 210048, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingfeng Li
- College of Life and Health, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, 625 Geguan Road, Nanjing, 210048, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenke Yun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyi Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinao Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Basha NJ, Basavarajaiah SM. Anticancer Potential of Bioactive Molecule Luteolin and Its Analogs: An Update. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2080728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Jeelan Basha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Academy Degree College-Autonomous, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - S. M. Basavarajaiah
- P.G. Department of Chemistry, R.V. Road Vijaya College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Natural Bioactive Compounds Targeting Histone Deacetylases in Human Cancers: Recent Updates. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082568. [PMID: 35458763 PMCID: PMC9027183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex pathology that causes a large number of deaths worldwide. Several risk factors are involved in tumor transformation, including epigenetic factors. These factors are a set of changes that do not affect the DNA sequence, while modifying the gene’s expression. Histone modification is an essential mark in maintaining cellular memory and, therefore, loss of this mark can lead to tumor transformation. As these epigenetic changes are reversible, the use of molecules that can restore the functions of the enzymes responsible for the changes is therapeutically necessary. Natural molecules, mainly those isolated from medicinal plants, have demonstrated significant inhibitory properties against enzymes related to histone modifications, particularly histone deacetylases (HDACs). Flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids exert significant inhibitory effects against HDAC and exhibit promising epi-drug properties. This suggests that epi-drugs against HDAC could prevent and treat various human cancers. Accordingly, the present study aimed to evaluate the pharmacodynamic action of different natural compounds extracted from medicinal plants against the enzymatic activity of HDAC.
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Luteolin Causes 5'CpG Demethylation of the Promoters of TSGs and Modulates the Aberrant Histone Modifications, Restoring the Expression of TSGs in Human Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074067. [PMID: 35409426 PMCID: PMC8999529 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression is linked to abnormal epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation and histone modifications. Since epigenetic alterations, unlike genetic changes, are heritable and reversible, they have been considered as interesting targets for cancer prevention and therapy by dietary compounds such as luteolin. In this study, epigenetic modulatory behaviour of luteolin was analysed on HeLa cells. Various assays including colony forming and migration assays, followed by biochemical assays of epigenetic enzymes including DNA methyltransferase, histone methyl transferase, histone acetyl transferase, and histone deacetylases assays were performed. Furthermore, global DNA methylation and methylation-specific PCR for examining the methylation status of CpG promoters of various tumour suppressor genes (TSGs) and the expression of these TSGs at transcript and protein level were performed. It was observed that luteolin inhibited migration and colony formation in HeLa cells. It also modulated DNA methylation at promoters of TSGs and the enzymatic activity of DNMT, HDAC, HMT, and HAT and reduced the global DNA methylation. Decrease in methylation resulted in the reactivation of silenced tumour suppressor genes including FHIT, DAPK1, PTEN, CDH1, SOCS1, TIMPS, VHL, TP53, TP73, etc. Hence, luteolin-targeted epigenetic alterations provide a promising approach for cancer prevention and intervention.
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20
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Qiang M, Xuesong D, Shu X, Guoli L, Jie C, Zhenni Y, Jiao L, Jiawei M. Network Pharmacology Based Retrieval of Bioactive Ingredients of Platycodon grandiflorus and its Molecular Mechanism against Breast Cancer. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.428.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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21
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Cinnamaldehyde induces autophagy-mediated cell death through ER stress and epigenetic modification in gastric cancer cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:712-723. [PMID: 33980998 PMCID: PMC8888591 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous reports suggested that cinnamaldehyde (CA), the bioactive ingredient in Cinnamomum cassia, can suppress tumor growth, migratory, and invasive abilities. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of CA in GC are not completely understood. In the present study, we found that CA-induced ER stress and cell death via the PERK-CHOP axis and Ca2+ release in GC cells. Inhibition of ER stress using specific-siRNA blocked CA-induced cell death. Interestingly, CA treatment resulted in autophagic cell death by inducing Beclin-1, ATG5, and LC3B expression and by inhibiting p62 expression whereas autophagy inhibition suppressed CA-induced cell death. We showed that CA induces the inhibition of G9a and the activation of LC3B. Moreover, CA inhibited G9a binding on Beclin-1 and LC3B promoter. Overall, these results suggested that CA regulates the PERK-CHOP signaling, and G9a inhibition activates autophagic cell death via ER stress in GC cells.
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22
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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Human Cancers and the Use of Natural Compounds as Epidrugs: Mechanistic Pathways and Pharmacodynamic Actions. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030367. [PMID: 35327559 PMCID: PMC8945214 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease resulting from the genetic and epigenetic disruption of normal cells. The mechanistic understanding of the pathways involved in tumor transformation has implicated a priori predominance of epigenetic perturbations and a posteriori genetic instability. In this work, we aimed to explain the mechanistic involvement of epigenetic pathways in the cancer process, as well as the abilities of natural bioactive compounds isolated from medicinal plants (flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenes, and ketones) to specifically target the epigenome of tumor cells. The molecular events leading to transformation, angiogenesis, and dissemination are often complex, stochastic, and take turns. On the other hand, the decisive advances in genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have allowed, in recent years, for the mechanistic decryption of the molecular pathways of the cancerization process. This could explain the possibility of specifically targeting this or that mechanism leading to cancerization. With the plasticity and flexibility of epigenetic modifications, some studies have started the pharmacological screening of natural substances against different epigenetic pathways (DNA methylation, histone acetylation, histone methylation, and chromatin remodeling) to restore the cellular memory lost during tumor transformation. These substances can inhibit DNMTs, modify chromatin remodeling, and adjust histone modifications in favor of pre-established cell identity by the differentiation program. Epidrugs are molecules that target the epigenome program and can therefore restore cell memory in cancerous diseases. Natural products isolated from medicinal plants such as flavonoids and phenolic acids have shown their ability to exhibit several actions on epigenetic modifiers, such as the inhibition of DNMT, HMT, and HAT. The mechanisms of these substances are specific and pleiotropic and can sometimes be stochastic, and their use as anticancer epidrugs is currently a remarkable avenue in the fight against human cancers.
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Adewole K, Ishola A, Olaoye I. In silico profiling of histone deacetylase inhibitory activity of compounds isolated from Cajanus cajan. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-021-00191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is responsible for high morbidity and mortality globally. Because the overexpression of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is one of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development and progression of some diseases such as cancer, studies are now considering inhibition of HDAC as a strategy for the treatment of cancer. In this study, a receptor-based in silico screening was exploited to identify potential HDAC inhibitors among the compounds isolated from Cajanus cajan, since reports have earlier confirmed the antiproliferative properties of compounds isolated from this plant.
Results
Cajanus cajan-derived phytochemicals were docked with selected HDACs, with givinostat as the reference HDAC inhibitor, using AutodockVina and Discovery Studio Visualizer, BIOVIA, 2020. Furthermore, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) drug-likeness analysis was done using the Swiss online ADME web tool. From the results obtained, 4 compounds; betulinic acid, genistin, orientin and vitexin, were identified as potential inhibitors of the selected HDACs, while only 3 compounds (betulinic acid, genistin and vitexin) passed the filter of drug-likeness. The molecular dynamic result revealed the best level of flexibility on HDAC1 and HDAC3 compared to the wild-type HDACs and moderate flexibility of HDAC7 and HDAC8.
Conclusions
The results of molecular docking, pharmacokinetics and molecular dynamics revealed that betulinic acid might be a suitable HDAC inhibitor worthy of further investigation in order to be used for regulating conditions associated with overexpression of HDACs. This knowledge can be used to guide experimental investigation on Cajanus cajan-derived compounds as potential HDAC inhibitors.
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Lin YT, Lin J, Liu YE, Hsu KW, Hsieh CC, Chen DR, Wu HT. Nafamostat mesylate overcomes endocrine resistance of breast cancer through epigenetic regulation of CDK4 and CDK6 expression. Transl Oncol 2021; 15:101302. [PMID: 34890965 PMCID: PMC8665409 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nafamostat mesylate (NM) causes apoptosis and suppresses metastasis of endocrine-resistant ER-positive breast cancer (ERPBC). Epigenetic downregulation of CDK4/CDK6 by NM in endocrine-resistant ERPBC via disruption of binding of H3K27Ac on promoter region. Combination of nafamostat mesylate and CDK4/6 inhibitor synergistically overcomes endocrine resistance of breast cancer. Nafamostat mesylate would be a well-efficient drug for endocrine-resistant ERPBC.
Breast cancer is common worldwide, and the estrogen receptor-positive subtype accounts for approximately 70% of breast cancer in women. Tamoxifen and fulvestrant are drugs currently used for endocrinal therapy. Breast cancer exhibiting endocrine resistance can undergo metastasis and lead to the death of breast cancer patients. Drug repurposing is an active area of research in clinical medicine. We found that nafamostat mesylate, clinically used for patients with pancreatitis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, acts as an anti-cancer drug for endocrine-resistant estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (ERPBC). Epigenetic repression of CDK4 and CDK6 by nafamostat mesylate induced apoptosis and suppressed the metastasis of ERPBC through the deacetylation of Histone 3 Lysine 27. A combination of nafamostat mesylate and CDK4/6 inhibitor synergistically overcame endocrine resistance in ERPBC. Nafamostat mesylate might be an essential adjuvant or alternative drug for the treatment of endocrine-resistant ERPBC due to the low cost-efficiency of the CDK4/6 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Te Lin
- Cancer Genome Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Gueishan Dist., Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Lin
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yi-En Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - Han-Tsang Wu
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan.
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Rauf A, Abu-Izneid T, Khalil AA, Imran M, Shah ZA, Emran TB, Mitra S, Khan Z, Alhumaydhi FA, Aljohani ASM, Khan I, Rahman MM, Jeandet P, Gondal TA. Berberine as a Potential Anticancer Agent: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237368. [PMID: 34885950 PMCID: PMC8658774 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), a potential bioactive agent, has remarkable health benefits. A substantial amount of research has been conducted to date to establish the anticancer potential of BBR. The present review consolidates salient information concerning the promising anticancer activity of this compound. The therapeutic efficacy of BBR has been reported in several studies regarding colon, breast, pancreatic, liver, oral, bone, cutaneous, prostate, intestine, and thyroid cancers. BBR prevents cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and controlling the cell cycle as well as autophagy. BBR also hinders tumor cell invasion and metastasis by down-regulating metastasis-related proteins. Moreover, BBR is also beneficial in the early stages of cancer development by lowering epithelial–mesenchymal transition protein expression. Despite its significance as a potentially promising drug candidate, there are currently no pure berberine preparations approved to treat specific ailments. Hence, this review highlights our current comprehensive knowledge of sources, extraction methods, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of berberine, as well as the proposed mechanisms of action associated with its anticancer potential. The information presented here will help provide a baseline for researchers, scientists, and drug developers regarding the use of berberine as a promising candidate in treating different types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.A.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (A.A.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Zafar Ali Shah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Pakistan;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh;
| | - Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Zidan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh;
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S. M. Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ishaq Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar 25100, Pakistan;
| | - Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Philippe Jeandet
- University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Research Unit, Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection, EA 4707, USC INRAe 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
- Correspondence: (A.R.); (P.J.)
| | - Tanweer Aslam Gondal
- School of Exercise and Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
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Mierziak J, Kostyn K, Boba A, Czemplik M, Kulma A, Wojtasik W. Influence of the Bioactive Diet Components on the Gene Expression Regulation. Nutrients 2021; 13:3673. [PMID: 34835928 PMCID: PMC8619229 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet bioactive components, in the concept of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics, consist of food constituents, which can transfer information from the external environment and influence gene expression in the cell and thus the function of the whole organism. It is crucial to regard food not only as the source of energy and basic nutriments, crucial for living and organism development, but also as the factor influencing health/disease, biochemical mechanisms, and activation of biochemical pathways. Bioactive components of the diet regulate gene expression through changes in the chromatin structure (including DNA methylation and histone modification), non-coding RNA, activation of transcription factors by signalling cascades, or direct ligand binding to the nuclear receptors. Analysis of interactions between diet components and human genome structure and gene activity is a modern approach that will help to better understand these relations and will allow designing dietary guidances, which can help maintain good health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mierziak
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Kamil Kostyn
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding & Seed Production, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 24A, 50-363 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Magdalena Czemplik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Anna Kulma
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
| | - Wioleta Wojtasik
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.B.); (M.C.); (A.K.)
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Karnik M, Beeraka NM, Uthaiah CA, Nataraj SM, Bettadapura ADS, Aliev G, Madhunapantula SV. A Review on SARS-CoV-2-Induced Neuroinflammation, Neurodevelopmental Complications, and Recent Updates on the Vaccine Development. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4535-4563. [PMID: 34089508 PMCID: PMC8179092 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a devastating viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The incidence and mortality of COVID-19 patients have been increasing at an alarming rate. The mortality is much higher in older individuals, especially the ones suffering from respiratory distress, cardiac abnormalities, renal diseases, diabetes, and hypertension. Existing evidence demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 makes its entry into human cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) followed by the uptake of virions through cathepsin L or transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). SARS-CoV-2-mediated abnormalities in particular cardiovascular and neurological ones and the damaged coagulation systems require extensive research to develop better therapeutic modalities. As SARS-CoV-2 uses its S-protein to enter into the host cells of several organs, the S-protein of the virus is considered as the ideal target to develop a potential vaccine. In this review, we have attempted to highlight the landmark discoveries that lead to the development of various vaccines that are currently under different stages of clinical progression. Besides, a brief account of various drug candidates that are being tested to mitigate the burden of COVID-19 was also covered. Further, in a dedicated section, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neuronal inflammation and neuronal disorders was discussed. In summary, it is expected that the content covered in this article help to understand the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and the impact on neuronal complications induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection while providing an update on the vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Karnik
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Narasimha M Beeraka
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Chinnappa A Uthaiah
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suma M Nataraj
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali Devi S Bettadapura
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russia
- GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, San Antonio, TX, #330, USA
| | - SubbaRao V Madhunapantula
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
- Special Interest Group in Cancer Biology and Cancer Stem Cells (SIG-CBCSC), JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research (JSS AHER), Mysuru, Karnataka, India.
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Dermal Drug Delivery of Phytochemicals with Phenolic Structure via Lipid-Based Nanotechnologies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090837. [PMID: 34577536 PMCID: PMC8471500 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are a large, heterogeneous group of secondary metabolites found in various plants and herbal substances. From the perspective of dermatology, the most important benefits for human health are their pharmacological effects on oxidation processes, inflammation, vascular pathology, immune response, precancerous and oncological lesions or formations, and microbial growth. Because the nature of phenolic compounds is designed to fit the phytochemical needs of plants and not the biopharmaceutical requirements for a specific route of delivery (dermal or other), their utilization in cutaneous formulations sets challenges to drug development. These are encountered often due to insufficient water solubility, high molecular weight and low permeation and/or high reactivity (inherent for the set of representatives) and subsequent chemical/photochemical instability and ionizability. The inclusion of phenolic phytochemicals in lipid-based nanocarriers (such as nanoemulsions, liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles) is so far recognized as a strategic physico-chemical approach to improve their in situ stability and introduction to the skin barriers, with a view to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic potency. This current review is focused on recent advances and achievements in this area.
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Altamimi MA, Hussain A, Alshehri S, Imam SS, Alnemer UA. Development and Evaluations of Transdermally Delivered Luteolin Loaded Cationic Nanoemulsion: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluations. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081218. [PMID: 34452179 PMCID: PMC8398932 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Luteolin (LUT) is natural flavonoid with multiple therapeutic potentials and is explored for transdermal delivery using a nanocarrier system. LUT loaded cationic nanoemulsions (CNE1–CNE9) using bergamot oil (BO) were developed, optimized, and characterized in terms of in vitro and ex vivo parameters for improved permeation. Materials and methods: The solubility study of LUT was carried out in selected excipients, namely BO, cremophor EL (CEL as surfactant), labrasol (LAB), and oleylamine (OA as cationic charge inducer). Formulations were characterized with globular size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, and thermodynamic stability studies. The optimized formulation (CNE4) was selected for comparative investigations (% transmittance as %T, morphology, chemical compatibility, drug content, in vitro % drug release, ex vivo skin permeation, and drug deposition, DD) against ANE4 (anionic nanoemulsion for comparison) and drug suspension (DS). Results: Formulations such as CNE1–CNE9 and ANE4 (except CNE6 and CNE8) were found to be stable. The optimized CNE4 based on the lowest value of globular size (112 nm), minimum PDI (0.15), and optimum zeta potential (+26 mV) was selected for comparative assessment against ANE4 and DS. The %T values of CNE1–CNE9 were found to be ˃95% and CEL content slightly improved the %T value. The spherical CNE4 was compatible with excipients and showed % total drug content in the range of 97.9–99.7%. In vitro drug release values from CNE4 and ANE4 were significantly higher than DS. Moreover, permeation flux (138.82 ± 8.4 µg/cm2·h), enhancement ratio (8.23), and DD (10.98%) were remarkably higher than DS. Thus, ex vivo parameters were relatively high as compared to DS which may be attributed to nanonization, surfactant-mediated reversible changes in skin lipid matrix, and electrostatic interaction of nanoglobules with the cellular surface. Conclusion: Transdermal delivery of LUT can be a suitable alternative to oral drug delivery for augmented skin permeation and drug deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Altamimi
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.H.); Tel.: +966-055-555-2464 (M.A.A.); +966-056-459-1584 (A.H.)
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (A.H.); Tel.: +966-055-555-2464 (M.A.A.); +966-056-459-1584 (A.H.)
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Erdoğan MK, Ağca CA, Aşkın H. Quercetin and Luteolin Improve the Anticancer Effects of 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma In Vitro Model: A Mechanistic Insight. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:660-676. [PMID: 34309458 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1900301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antitumor effects of quercetin and luteolin combined with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in HT-29 human colorectal cancer cells. Cell viability induced by quercetin, luteolin and combination of these compounds with 5-FU were determined by MTT assay, also Cell death detection Elisa assay and fluorescence microscopy were performed to investigate apoptotic effects. Hu-VEGF Elisa assay was employed to determine the effects of treatments on angiogenesis. Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis were performed to investigate effects on p53, Bax, Bcl-2, p38 MAPK, mTOR, PTEN, and Akt proteins and genes. The results indicated that quercetin, luteolin and combinations of these compounds with 5-FU inhibited the growth of HT 29 cells. Compared to the control, apoptosis were triggered 8.1 and 10.1 fold in HT-29 cells, that treated with quercetin + 5-FU and luteolin + 5-FU, respectively. VEGF amount significantly decreased by combined treatments. qRT-PCR and western blot results demonstrated that quercetin, luteolin and the combinations of these flavonoids with 5-FU, modulate the apoptotic pathways in HT-29 cells. The increase in p53, Bax, p38 MAPK, and PTEN gene expression levels compared to the control group was 1.71, 1.42, 3.26, and 3.29-fold with 5-FU + L treatment, respectively, while this increase was 8.43, 1.65, 3.55, and 3.54-fold with 5-FU + Q treatment, respectively. In addition, when the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, mTOR, and Akt gene expression levels were normalized as 1 in the control group, they were 0.28, 0.41, and 0.22 with 5-FU + L treatment, and 0.32, 0.46, and 0.39, respectively, with 5-FU + Q treatment. These findings suggested that quercetin and luteolin synergistically enhanced the anticancer effect of 5-FU in HT 29 cells and may therefore minimize the toxic effects of 5-FU in the clinical treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kadir Erdoğan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Can Ali Ağca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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31
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Thermodynamic profile and molecular modeling of the interaction between Grb2 dimer and flavonoids Rutin and Morin. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Heng WS, Kruyt FAE, Cheah SC. Understanding Lung Carcinogenesis from a Morphostatic Perspective: Prevention and Therapeutic Potential of Phytochemicals for Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115697. [PMID: 34071790 PMCID: PMC8198077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is still one of the deadliest cancers, with over two million incidences annually. Prevention is regarded as the most efficient way to reduce both the incidence and death figures. Nevertheless, treatment should still be improved, particularly in addressing therapeutic resistance due to cancer stem cells—the assumed drivers of tumor initiation and progression. Phytochemicals in plant-based diets are thought to contribute substantially to lung cancer prevention and may be efficacious for targeting lung cancer stem cells. In this review, we collect recent literature on lung homeostasis, carcinogenesis, and phytochemicals studied in lung cancers. We provide a comprehensive overview of how normal lung tissue operates and relate it with lung carcinogenesis to redefine better targets for lung cancer stem cells. Nine well-studied phytochemical compounds, namely curcumin, resveratrol, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, luteolin, sulforaphane, berberine, genistein, and capsaicin, are discussed in terms of their chemopreventive and anticancer mechanisms in lung cancer and potential use in the clinic. How the use of phytochemicals can be improved by structural manipulations, targeted delivery, concentration adjustments, and combinatorial treatments is also highlighted. We propose that lung carcinomas should be treated differently based on their respective cellular origins. Targeting quiescence-inducing, inflammation-dampening, or reactive oxygen species-balancing pathways appears particularly interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Sen Heng
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.S.H.); (F.A.E.K.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Frank A. E. Kruyt
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (W.S.H.); (F.A.E.K.)
| | - Shiau-Chuen Cheah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-91018880
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Villota H, Röthlisberger S, Pedroza-Díaz J. Modulation of the Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway by Dietary Polyphenols, an Opportunity for Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:384-404. [PMID: 33596716 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1884730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades there has been a rise in the worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer which can be traced back to the influence of well-known modifiable risk factors such as lifestyle, diet and obesity. Conversely, the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fiber decreases the risk of CRC, which is why dietary polyphenols have aroused interest in recent years as potentially anti-carcinogenic compounds. One of the driving forces of colorectal carcinogenesis, in both sporadic and hereditary CRC, is the aberrant activation/regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This review discusses reports of modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway by dietary polyphenols (resveratrol, avenanthramides, epigallocatechinin, curcumin, quercetin, silibinin, genistein and mangiferin) specifically focusing on CRC, and proposes a model as to how this modulation occurs. There is potential for implementing these dietary polyphenols into preventative and therapeutic therapies for CRC as evidenced by some clinical trials that have been carried out with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Villota
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Sarah Röthlisberger
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Johanna Pedroza-Díaz
- Biomedical Innovation and Research Group, Faculty of Applied and Exact Sciences, Instituto Tecnologico Metropolitano, Medellin, Colombia
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Ganai SA, Sheikh FA, Baba ZA, Mir MA, Mantoo MA, Yatoo MA. Anticancer activity of the plant flavonoid luteolin against preclinical models of various cancers and insights on different signalling mechanisms modulated. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3509-3532. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Ganai
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Farooq Ahmad Sheikh
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Microbiology Government Medical College Anantnag Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Mohd Ayoob Mantoo
- Division of Entomology FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Yatoo
- Division of Basic Sciences and Humanities FoA, SKUAST Kashmir Sopore Jammu & Kashmir India
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Flavonoid-based inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 9 without concomitant inhibition of histone deacetylases durably reinforces HIV latency. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 186:114462. [PMID: 33577894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) durably suppresses HIV replication, virus persists in CD4+ T-cells that harbor latent but spontaneously inducible and replication-competent provirus. One strategy to inactivate these viral reservoirs involves the use of agents that continue to reinforce HIV latency even after their withdrawal. To identify new chemical leads with such properties, we investigated a series of naturally-occurring flavones (chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, and luteolin-7-glucoside (L7G)) and functionally-related cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) inhibitors (flavopiridol and atuveciclib) which are reported or presumed to suppress HIV replication in vitro. We found that, while all compounds inhibit provirus expression induced by latency-reversing agents in vitro, only aglycone flavonoids (chrysin, apigenin, luteolin, flavopiridol) and atuveciclib, but not the glycosylated flavonoid L7G, inhibit spontaneous latency reversal. Aglycone flavonoids and atuveciclib, but not L7G, also inhibit CDK9 and the HIV Tat protein. Aglycone flavonoids do not reinforce HIV latency following their in vitro withdrawal, which corresponds with their ability to also inhibit class I/II histone deacetylases (HDAC), a well-established mechanism of latency reversal. In contrast, atuveciclib and flavopiridol, which exhibit little or no HDAC inhibition, continue to reinforce latency for 9 to 14+ days, respectively, following their withdrawal in vitro. Finally, we show that flavopiridol also inhibits spontaneous ex vivo viral RNA production in CD4+ T cells from donors with HIV. These results implicate CDK9 inhibition (in the absence of HDAC inhibition) as a potentially favorable property in the search for compounds that durably reinforce HIV latency.
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Raina R, Pramodh S, Rais N, Haque S, Shafarin J, Bajbouj K, Hamad M, Hussain A. Luteolin inhibits proliferation, triggers apoptosis and modulates Akt/mTOR and MAP kinase pathways in HeLa cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:192. [PMID: 33574931 PMCID: PMC7816384 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, a subclass of polyphenols, have been shown to be effective against several types of cancer, by decreasing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the anti-carcinogenic potential of luteolin on HeLa human cervical cancer cells, through the use of a cell viability assay, DNA fragmentation assay, mitochondrial membrane potential assay, cell cycle analysis using Annexin/PI staining and flow cytometry, gene expression analysis and a protein profiling array. Luteolin treatment exhibited cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and its anti-proliferative properties were confirmed by accumulation of luteolin-treated cells in sub-G1 phases. Cytotoxicity induced by luteolin treatment resulted in apoptosis, which was mediated through depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, luteolin treatment increased the expression of various proapoptotic genes, including APAF1, BAX, BAD, BID, BOK, BAK1, TRADD, FADD, FAS, and Caspases 3 and 9, whereas the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, including NAIP, MCL-1 and BCL-2, was decreased. Cell cycle regulatory genes, including CCND1, 2 and 3, CCNE2, CDKN1A, CDKN2B, CDK4 and CDK2, were decreased following treatment. Expression of TRAILR2/DR5, TRAILR1/DR4, Fas/TNFRSF6/CD95 and TNFR1/TNFRSF1A, as well as pro-apoptotic proteins, including BAD, BAX and Cytochrome C were consistently increased, and the expression of antiapoptotic proteins, HIF1α, BCL-X, MCL1 and BCL2, were found to be decreased following treatment. Expression of AKT1 and 2, ELK1, PIK3C2A, PIK3C2B, MAPK14, MAP3K5, MAPK3 and MAPK1 was significantly decreased at the transcriptional level. Expression of GSK3b (p-ser9), PRAS 40 (p-Ther246), BAD (p-ser112), PTEN (p-ser380), AKT (p-ser473), ERK2 (p-Y185/Y187), RISK2 (p-ser386), P70S6k (p-Thr421/ser424), PDK1(p-ser241), ERK1 (p-T202/Y204) and MTOR (p-ser2448) was downregulated and expression of P53 (p-ser241) and P27(p-Thr198) was upregulated by luteolin in a dose-dependent manner, indicating its anti-proliferative and apoptosis enabling properties, and this may have been mediated via inhibition of the AKT and the MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu Raina
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sreepoorna Pramodh
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, College of Natural and Health Science, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naushad Rais
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Arif Hussain
- School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Wu HT, Lin J, Liu YE, Chen HF, Hsu KW, Lin SH, Peng KY, Lin KJ, Hsieh CC, Chen DR. Luteolin suppresses androgen receptor-positive triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by epigenetic regulation of MMP9 expression via the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:153437. [PMID: 33352494 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents up to 20% of all breast cancers. This cancer lacks the expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. The current therapeutic strategy for patients with this subtype is the use of cytotoxic chemotherapy and surgery. Luteolin is a natural herbal flavonoid and a potential therapeutic candidate for multiple diseases. The use of a treatment that combines Chinese herbal medicine and western medicine is rising in Asia. PURPOSE The present study evaluates the effects and molecular mechanisms involved with luteolin treatment and evaluates whether this herb affects androgen receptor-positive breast cancer cell proliferation or metastasis. STUDY DESIGN In vitro evaluation of the effect of luteolin on androgen receptor-positive TNBC cell proliferation and metastasis METHODS: Cell viability analysis was used for the cytotoxicity test. Colony formation and Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) staining-based proliferation experiments were used for cell proliferation. Wound healing and transwell assays were used for in vitro migration/invasion. The RT-qPCR analysis was used for gene expression. Furthermore, ChIP-qPCR analysis was used for epigenetic modification of gene promoters. RESULTS Luteolin significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of androgen receptor-positive TNBC. Furthermore, luteolin inactivated the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The combination of luteolin and inhibitors of AKT/mTOR synergistically repressed an androgen receptor-positive TNBC cell proliferation and metastasis. Luteolin also downregulated MMP9 expression by decreasing the levels of the AKT/mTOR promoting H3K27Ac and H3K56A on the MMP9 promoter region. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that luteolin inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of androgen receptor-positive TNBC by regulating MMP9 expression through a reduction in the levels of AKT/mTOR-inducing H3K27Ac and H3K56Ac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Tsang Wu
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Joseph Lin
- Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan
| | - Yi-En Liu
- Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Fan Chen
- Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Wen Hsu
- Research Center for Tumor Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Kuo-Juei Lin
- Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, 824, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
| | - Dar-Ren Chen
- Department of Cell and Tissue Engineering, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Comprehensive Breast Cancer Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, 40201, Taiwan.
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Molecular Docking Simulations on Histone Deacetylases (HDAC)-1 and -2 to Investigate the Flavone Binding. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120568. [PMID: 33291755 PMCID: PMC7761979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications through acetylation are fundamental for remodelling chromatin and consequently activating gene expression. The imbalance between acetylation and deacetylation activity causes transcriptional dysregulation associated with several disorders. Flavones, small molecules of plant origin, are known to interfere with class I histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and to enhance acetylation, restoring cell homeostasis. To investigate the possible physical interactions of flavones on human HDAC1 and 2, we carried out in silico molecular docking simulations. Our data have revealed how flavone, and other two flavones previously investigated, i.e., apigenin and luteolin, can interact as ligands with HDAC1 and 2 at the active site binding pocket. Regulation of HDAC activity by dietary flavones could have important implications in developing epigenetic therapy to regulate the cell gene expression.
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Flavones and flavonols may have clinical potential as CK2 inhibitors in cancer therapy. Med Hypotheses 2020; 141:109723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Khan H, Belwal T, Efferth T, Farooqi AA, Sanches-Silva A, Vacca RA, Nabavi SF, Khan F, Prasad Devkota H, Barreca D, Sureda A, Tejada S, Dacrema M, Daglia M, Suntar İ, Xu S, Ullah H, Battino M, Giampieri F, Nabavi SM. Targeting epigenetics in cancer: therapeutic potential of flavonoids. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1616-1639. [PMID: 32478608 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1763910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irrespective of sex and age, cancer is the leading cause of mortality around the globe. Therapeutic incompliance, unwanted effects, and economic burdens imparted by cancer treatments, are primary health challenges. The heritable features in gene expression that are propagated through cell division and contribute to cellular identity without a change in DNA sequence are considered epigenetic characteristics and agents that could interfere with these features and are regarded as potential therapeutic targets. The genetic modification accounts for the recurrence and uncontrolled changes in the physiology of cancer cells. This review focuses on plant-derived flavonoids as a therapeutic tool for cancer, attributed to their ability for epigenetic regulation of cancer pathogenesis. The epigenetic mechanisms of various classes of flavonoids including flavonols, flavones, isoflavones, flavanones, flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanidins, such as cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin, are discussed. The outstanding results of preclinical studies encourage researchers to design several clinical trials on various flavonoids to ascertain their clinical strength in the treatment of different cancers. The results of such studies will define the clinical fate of these agents in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Laboratory for Translational Oncology and Personalized Medicine, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ana Sanches-Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research (INIAV), Porto, Portugal.,Center for Study in Animal Science (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rosa Anna Vacca
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Council of Research, Bari, Italy
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress (NUCOX), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Laboratory of neurophysiology, Biology Department, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa) and CIBEROBN (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - İpek Suntar
- Deparment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Maurizio Battino
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Nutrition and Food Science Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, CITACA, CACTI, University of Vigo, Vigo Campus, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy.,College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jenzer H, Sadeghi-Reeves L. Nutrigenomics-Associated Impacts of Nutrients on Genes and Enzymes With Special Consideration of Aromatase. Front Nutr 2020; 7:37. [PMID: 32328497 PMCID: PMC7161344 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions are occurring in the course of liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of active ingredients, or at the target receptors. They are causing therapy failures and undesirable events. Forty-seven of fifty-seven human hepatic isoenzymes are specific and relevant in hormone and vitamin metabolism and biosynthesis. Aromatase (syn. CYP19A1) is one of the specific CYP450 isoenzymes so far not elucidated in detail. As aromatase-inhibiting phytochemicals are currently recommended for breast cancer prevention and as add-on accompanying aromatase-inhibitor pharmacotherapy, it was the aim of this literature review to assess whether a common interpretation on genetic and -omics basis could be found. Articles retrieved showed that traditional antioxidation diet is one of the most approved explanations of inhibition of aromatase by phytonutrients of flavonoid derivatives. Flavonoids compete for the oxygen provided by the heme moiety of aromatase in the course of aromatase-catalyzed conversion of steroid precursors to estrogens. Flavonoids are therefore promoted for breast cancer prevention. A further explanation of flavonoids' mechanism of action proposed was related to enzymatic histone deacetylation. By keeping DNA-structure wide through a high acetylation degree, acetylated histones favor transcription and replication. This mechanism corresponds to a procedure of switching genes on. Inhibiting acetylation and therefore switching genes off might be an important regulation of repressing cancer genes. Aromatase expression depends on the genotype and phenotype of a person. Aromatase itself depends on the expression of the heme moiety encoded in the genotype. Biosynthesis of porphyrins in turn depends on the substrates succinate and glycine, as well as on a series of further enzymes, with ALA synthetase as the rate-limiting step. The effect of the heme moiety as prosthetic group of aromatase further depends on the absorption of iron as a function of pH and redox state. To assess the function of aromatase precisely, multiple underlying biochemical pathways need to be evaluated. As a conclusion, the genetic regulation of metabolism is a complex procedure affecting multiple pathways. To understand a metabolic step, multiple underlying individually performing reactions need to be considered if personalized (nutritional) medicine should bring an advantage for a patient. Nutrition sciences need to consider the genome of an individual to truly find answers to nutrition-derived non-communicable diseases. With current GWAS (genome-wide association study) approaches, inherited errors of metabolism are identified and ideally treated effectively. It is much more difficult to get a precise genetic profile for non-communicable diseases stemming from multifactorial causes. Polygenic risks evaluation is feasible but diagnostic tools are not yet available in a desired extent. Neither flavonoid researchers nor providers of genetic testing kits are going into the details needed for a truly personalized nutritional medicine. The next step with profiling the exome and then the whole genome is on the threshold of becoming routine diagnosis and of bringing the desired details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Jenzer
- Department of Health Professions, aR&D in Nutrition and Dietetics, Bern University of Applied Sciences BFH, Bern, Switzerland
- Internistic Service, Hospital Pharmacy, Hospital of Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leila Sadeghi-Reeves
- Department of Health Professions, aR&D in Nutrition and Dietetics, Bern University of Applied Sciences BFH, Bern, Switzerland
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Han L, Fang S, Li G, Wang M, Yu R. Total flavonoids suppress lung cancer growth via the COX-2-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1824-1830. [PMID: 32194676 PMCID: PMC7039044 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-cancer effects of total flavonoids (TF) on lung cancer and to investigate the underlying mechanism. The inhibitory effect of TF on the proliferation of A549 cells in vitro was measured using an MTT assay. The apoptotic rate of TF-treated A549 cells was analyzed using flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling. Migration and invasion assays were performed to investigate the anti-migration effect of TF on A549 cells. Reverse-transcription quantitative PCR was used to analyze BCL2-like 2, BCL2, Bax, Bad, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), Wnt and β-catenin mRNA expression levels in A549 cells. The in vivo anti-cancer effect of TF was investigated in a subcutaneous xenograft model of lung cancer in BALB/c nude mice. The results obtained in the present study revealed that TF exerted a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). TF induced apoptosis of A549 cells, which exhibited increased and decreased expression of pro- and anti- apoptotic genes, respectively. Furthermore, TF had a significant inhibitory effect on the migration and invasion of A549 cells (P<0.01). The mRNA expression levels of COX-2, Wnt and β-catenin were significantly downregulated in TF-treated A549 cells compared with controls. Additionally, treatment with TF inhibited tumor growth in mice, with a tumor inhibition rate of 64.07% compared with the controls. TF exhibited significant tumor inhibitory effects in vivo by promoting the apoptosis of tumor cells. In conclusion, the results suggested that TF may regulate lung cancer growth via the COX-2-Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. TF may serve as a novel anti-cancer agent for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Shu Fang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Guangtao Li
- Community Health Service Center, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Minghuan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kangan Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
| | - Renzhi Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University Affiliated Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang 157000, P.R. China
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Vekaria M, Tirgar P. Promising Anticancer Potential of Herbal Compounds against Breast Cancer: A Systemic Review. ASIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18311/ajprhc/2021/26698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
We investigated the effect of 21 flavonoids in a three-dimensional in vitro system for their ability to inhibit gap formation by MCF-7 breast cancer spheroids in monolayers of lymphendothelial cells. Different representatives of the classes of flavones, flavonols, and flavanones were tested in the circular chemorepellent-induced defects (CCID)-assay. Bay11-7082, a known inhibitor of CCID formation served as the positive control. This study provides the first comparison of the potential of flavonoids to suppress features influencing the intravasation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells aggregates through the lymph endothelial barrier. The most significant effects were seen after incubation with the flavones luteolin, chrysin, and apigenin. Additional hydroxylation or methoxylation in positions 6 or 8, as expected, resulted in decreased activity. The tested flavanones remained without or low efficacy.
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Benhalilou N, Alsamri H, Alneyadi A, Athamneh K, Alrashedi A, Altamimi N, Al Dhaheri Y, Eid AH, Iratni R. Origanum majorana Ethanolic Extract Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cell Death by Triggering Abortive Autophagy and Activation of the Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway. Front Oncol 2019; 9:795. [PMID: 31497536 PMCID: PMC6712482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is considered as the third leading cause of cancer death. In the present study, we investigated the potential anticancer effect and the molecular mechanism of Origanum majorana ethanolic extract (OME) against human colorectal cancer cells. We showed that OME exhibited strong anti-proliferative activity in a concentration- and time-dependent manner against two human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and Caco-2). OME inhibited cell viability, colony growth and induced mitotic arrest of HT-29 cells. Also, OME induced DNA damage, triggered abortive autophagy and activated a caspase 3 and 7-dependent extrinsic apoptotic pathway, most likely through activation of the TNFα pathway. Time-course analysis revealed that DNA damage occurred concomitantly with abortive autophagy after 4 h post-OME treatment while apoptosis was activated only 24 h later. Blockade of autophagy initiation, by 3-methyladenine, partially rescued OME-induced cell death. Cell viability arose from 37% in control group to 67% in group pre-treated with 3-MA before addition of OME. Inhibition of apoptosis, however, had a minimal effect on cell viability; it rose from 37% in control group to 43% in group pre-treated with Z-VAD-FMK. We also found that OME downregulated survivin in HT-29 cells. Our findings provide a strong evidence that O. majorana extract possesses strong anti-colon cancer potential, at least, through induction of autophagy and apoptosis. These finding provide the basis for therapeutic potential of O. majorana in the treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehla Benhalilou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Halima Alsamri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aysha Alneyadi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khawlah Athamneh
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Alrashedi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nedaa Altamimi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yusra Al Dhaheri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Gadecka A, Bielak-Zmijewska A. Slowing Down Ageing: The Role of Nutrients and Microbiota in Modulation of the Epigenome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061251. [PMID: 31159371 PMCID: PMC6628342 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The human population is getting ageing. Both ageing and age-related diseases are correlated with an increased number of senescent cells in the organism. Senescent cells do not divide but are metabolically active and influence their environment by secreting many proteins due to a phenomenon known as senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senescent cells differ from young cells by several features. They possess more damaged DNA, more impaired mitochondria and an increased level of free radicals that cause the oxidation of macromolecules. However, not only biochemical and structural changes are related to senescence. Senescent cells have an altered chromatin structure, and in consequence, altered gene expression. With age, the level of heterochromatin decreases, and less condensed chromatin is more prone to DNA damage. On the one hand, some gene promoters are easily available for the transcriptional machinery; on the other hand, some genes are more protected (locally increased level of heterochromatin). The structure of chromatin is precisely regulated by the epigenetic modification of DNA and posttranslational modification of histones. The methylation of DNA inhibits transcription, histone methylation mostly leads to a more condensed chromatin structure (with some exceptions) and acetylation plays an opposing role. The modification of both DNA and histones is regulated by factors present in the diet. This means that compounds contained in daily food can alter gene expression and protect cells from senescence, and therefore protect the organism from ageing. An opinion prevailed for some time that compounds from the diet do not act through direct regulation of the processes in the organism but through modification of the physiology of the microbiome. In this review we try to explain the role of some food compounds, which by acting on the epigenetic level might protect the organism from age-related diseases and slow down ageing. We also try to shed some light on the role of microbiome in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Gadecka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Bielak-Zmijewska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Andreescu N, Puiu M, Niculescu M. Effects of Dietary Nutrients on Epigenetic Changes in Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1856:121-139. [PMID: 30178249 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8751-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene-nutrient interactions are important contributors to health management and disease prevention. Nutrition can alter gene expression, as well as the susceptibility to disease, including cancer, through epigenetic changes. Nutrients can influence the epigenetic status through several mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA-dependent gene silencing. These alterations were associated with either increased or decreased risk for cancer development. There is convincing evidence indicating that several foods have protective roles in cancer prevention, by inhibiting tumor progression directly or through modifying tumor's microenvironment that leads to hostile conditions favorable to tumor initiation or growth. While nutritional intakes from foods cannot be adequately controlled for dosage, the role of nutrients in the epigenetics of cancer has led to more research aimed at developing nutriceuticals and drugs as cancer therapies. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the optimum doses of dietary compounds, the safety profile of dosages, to establish the most efficient way of administration, and bioavailability, in order to maximize the beneficial effects already discovered, and to ensure replicability. Thus, nutrition represents a promising tool to be used not only in cancer prevention, but hopefully also in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Andreescu
- Medical Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania.
| | - Maria Puiu
- Medical Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mihai Niculescu
- Medical Genetics Discipline, Center of Genomic Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
- Advanced Nutrigenomics, Hillsborough, NC, USA
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48
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Anticancer Activities of Thymus vulgaris L. in Experimental Breast Carcinoma in Vivo and in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071749. [PMID: 30970626 PMCID: PMC6479806 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally-occurring mixtures of phytochemicals present in plant foods are proposed to possess tumor-suppressive activities. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of Thymus vulgaris L. in in vivo and in vitro mammary carcinoma models. Dried T. vulgaris (as haulm) was continuously administered at two concentrations of 0.1% and 1% in the diet in a chemically-induced rat mammary carcinomas model and a syngeneic 4T1 mouse model. After autopsy, histopathological and molecular analyses of rodent mammary carcinomas were performed. In addition, in vitro evaluations using MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were carried out. In mice, T. vulgaris at both doses reduced the volume of 4T1 tumors by 85% (0.1%) and 84% (1%) compared to the control, respectively. Moreover, treated tumors showed a substantial decrease in necrosis/tumor area ratio and mitotic activity index. In the rat model, T. vulgaris (1%) decreased the tumor frequency by 53% compared to the control. Analysis of the mechanisms of anticancer action included well-described and validated diagnostic and prognostic markers that are used in both clinical approach and preclinical research. In this regard, the analyses of treated rat carcinoma cells showed a CD44 and ALDH1A1 expression decrease and Bax expression increase. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and VEGFR-2 expression were decreased in rat carcinomas in both the T. vulgaris treated groups. Regarding the evaluations of epigenetic changes in rat tumors, we found a decrease in the lysine methylation status of H3K4me3 in both treated groups (H3K9m3, H4K20m3, and H4K16ac were not changed); up-regulations of miR22, miR34a, and miR210 expressions (only at higher doses); and significant reductions in the methylation status of four gene promoters—ATM serin/threonine kinase, also known as the NPAT gene (ATM); Ras-association domain family 1, isoform A (RASSF1); phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN); and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) (the paired-like homeodomain transcription factor (PITX2) promoter was not changed). In vitro study revealed the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects of essential oils of T. vulgaris in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (analyses of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium) (MTS); 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU); cell cycle; annexin V/PI; caspase-3/7; Bcl-2; PARP; and mitochondrial membrane potential). T. vulgaris L. demonstrated significant chemopreventive and therapeutic activities against experimental breast carcinoma.
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49
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Ishola AA, Adewole KE. Phytosterols and triterpenes from Morinda lucida Benth. exhibit binding tendency against class I HDAC and HDAC7 isoforms. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2307-2325. [PMID: 30771146 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04689-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The important role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the development of cancer has been demonstrated by various studies. Thus targeting HDACs with inhibitors is a major focus in anticancer drug research. Although few synthetic HDAC inhibitors (HDIs) have been approved for cancer treatment, they have significant undesirable side effects. Therefore emphases have been placed on natural HDIs as substitutes for the synthetic ones. In a bid to identify more HDIs, this study evaluated the binding tendency of compounds derived from Morinda lucida Benth. towards selected HDACs for the discovery of potent HDIs as potential candidates for anticancer therapeutics, based on the report of anticancer potentials of Morinda lucida-derived extracts and compounds. Givinostat and 49 Morinda-lucida derived compounds were docked against selected HDAC isoforms using AutodockVina, while binding interactions were viewed with Discovery Studio Visualizer, BIOVIA, 2016. Druglikeness and Absorption-Distribution-Metabolism-Excretion (ADME) parameters of the top 7 compounds were evaluated using the Swiss online ADME web tool. The results revealed that out of the 49 compounds, 3 phytosterols (campesterol, cycloartenol, and stigmasterol) and 2 triterpenes (oleanolic acid and ursolic acid) exhibited high HDAC inhibitory activity compared to givinostat. These 5 compounds also fulfill oral drugability of Lipinski rule of five. Morinda lucida-derived phytosterols and triterpenes show high binding tendency towards the selected HDACs and exhibited good drugability characteristics and are therefore good candidates for further studies in the search for therapies against abnormalities linked with over-activity of HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adebayo Ishola
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Kayode Ezekiel Adewole
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University Oyo, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria.
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50
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Molina-Serrano D, Kyriakou D, Kirmizis A. Histone Modifications as an Intersection Between Diet and Longevity. Front Genet 2019; 10:192. [PMID: 30915107 PMCID: PMC6422915 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications are key epigenetic regulators that control chromatin structure and gene transcription, thereby impacting on various important cellular phenotypes. Over the past decade, a growing number of studies have indicated that changes in various histone modifications have a significant influence on the aging process. Furthermore, it has been revealed that the abundance and localization of histone modifications are responsive to various environmental stimuli, such as diet, which can also affect gene expression and lifespan. This supports the notion that histone modifications can serve as a main cellular platform for signal integration. Hence, in this review we focus on the role of histone modifications during aging, report the data indicating that diet affects histone modification levels and explore the idea that histone modifications may function as an intersection through which diet regulates lifespan. A greater understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms that link environmental signals to longevity may provide new strategies for therapeutic intervention in age-related diseases and for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Molina-Serrano
- UMR 6290, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Rennes, France
- Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Dimitris Kyriakou
- Efevre Tech Ltd., Larnaca, Cyprus
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antonis Kirmizis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
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